we've heard a lot in the last few minutes from the three experts. and so, i want to turn to you first, congressman colby. he spent 27 years in chicago and now part of the committee for responsible budget. picking up on what olivia chow said about, you know, we would

like to see the federal budget process address the issue of children. how can we understand how that process works, how does that work? having to go to the whole thing, they give us a mail of how decisions get made and whether you think that process is working and how hard would it be to tweet it to see children were adequately attending. >> well, and not you're obviously is a children her. and certainly not here as the budget expert. that guy sitting on the other side of you and those more about that than the rest of us combined. so i should be deferring to him, but i can talk a little from the standpoint. as i listened to this discussion here today, it occurs to me that there's really two things at work here. we are talking about a budget issue and then we are also

talking about a priority. i do think anybody in the grim for anybody that would be listening to disagree with hardly anything that has been said appeared about how important children are. and the outcome of the question is then, why are children being made to priority? said that is the fundamental question. and it comes back to the budget. when you come to the budget, it is not just children that are getting type that in congress. things like highway. things like cancer research. it would be things like environmental protections. these are all things in the discretionary budget. people are now focused on that defense, which is discretionary, that it's entitlement. its revenues in its entitlement. and that's olivia pointed out, entitlements to play a big role when it comes to children. but we can't really talk about what we're going to do for children or who are going to make children a higher priority

until we fix the entitlement process because entitlement price squeezing out more and more of the discretionary spending. there just is less and less to spend on with your priority would be city national part or somebody else's priorities cancer research. or whether the priority is early children's care. those things are going to be squeezed out if we don't fix them. so we should all be applauding. in fact, that the congress and super committee sillies focused. but if you can't push anything or not remains to be seen. the therapies focused on it. [inaudible] >> on reforming and actually making changes so that we can then perhaps be able to save the kind of discretionary spending they need in order to make children a priority. because that really is the issue. until we are able to curve the entitlement spending.

and its revenues in its entitlement and i recognize that there needs to be tax reform so we can get a higher degree of revenues they are. but ultimately if you look at the long-term picture, it is entitlements that will squeeze everything out over the long haul. you cannot raise enough revenue if you don't fix the entitlement program. and that is medicare, medicaid, social security. so it is a matter of -- i think people in congress since his priorities for children, but they have the mind focused on this other issue right now. and one other thing i would just say it's one of the reasons it doesn't get the attention of a federal level is tested 30 been said here that you spend states that have the responsibility for children, with its education, foster care, early child care, all of the states that have been

implemented in most programs. and so, it is a mismatch on the mind of federal legislators as would be a defense program or something dealing with epa environmental protection. [inaudible] >> the states about the responsibility for it. >> well, that's a good segue to introduce the next panelist who i will call him now. as they do, i'm reminded that we want to ask anyone watching it on television or the web cast you please send questions you have for the panel because you can get your questions in to public affairs, all one word, public affairs@urban.org. the next panelist i want to introduce its ramming ship out, a professor practice of public at the university of virginia. frank batten school of leadership and of the policy. he served for 20 eight years as

a decorative director of the national governors association. during this time he worked with more than 300 governors. two of them became president for u.s. senators are cabinet secretaries. you've heard the tail end of this conversation, that speak to us about what is on the mind of governor? picking up on what jim kolbe says talking about, the state and local governments, what is the mindset of governors right now when it comes to children's welfare and children's issues? >> and it's all about deteriorating. though the alarming problem now. once you come back to the 2008 level we will get paid. i'm a little more pessimistic because it's got a permanent tax

systems for revenue growth is not going to be very good. we continue to have $3 trillion of unfunded liabilities in detention area and we've got sort of health reform and a huge increase in medicaid. so i think that there is a lot of interest, particularly on the early childhood standpoint. but really over the last 70 years, i've been looking at $150 billion that has to be filled in because most of them have balanced budget requirements. so i think it is a priority. as you are aware, others have said. little public money goes in those first five years. to the extent there's any system out there for early childhood is a very fragmented system with volunteers in smaller groups. i suppose to states doing it.

it's hard to find the money to put it down where it needs to be. money is level taffeta state and local level. i want to bring in charles cobb at the committee for economic development, where you are coming to soak, so this company to invest in children. you've also seen the budget process and you're an experienced in the white house, omb, department of education. but what you barbiturates will be the thing about the way the process works and how hard it is or isn't to get something done for children. >> first of all, judy, i think we can fix this problem right now if we wanted to. i understand that there are budget constraints. there are all sorts of issues that the congressman mentioned. but let me state what i think the fundamental problem is. and it's not budget. it's on appropriations. it's called growth in its political. the cultural issue is the fact that this country simply?

the strategy for investing in human capital. we don't look at argonne people from an investment goods. and it's actually across the entire education continuum, judy. in the early years in ced has written on this. we brought business leaders and to the whole to urge greater public private state federal local investments in the early years. but under invest in the early years. and by the way, a country that we like to make fun of all the time, france, gets it right. they are a lot smaller in terms of their economy. the crust is generally as a model for the rest of the world. human capital investment means the young people start school and are ready to learn. and in obesity to reinvest at the front end.

some of the k-12 system or invest a lot which is fundamentally dysfunctional. the education trust late last year put out a report that said he was 25% of the high school graduates in this country who took the army entrance exam with questions like two plus x equals four. solve for x. we have a system which pushes people to her and gives certificate and in many instances the graduates can do third-grade math. that completes the continuing. let's look at postsecondary education. it was called the g.i. bill. what we have right now. we have a debt driven model for is for the first time the first loan debt is about a trillion dollars exceeding credit card debt. you see a fundamentally upon approach to human capital investment. how could we fix that? first of all, i think the country as a whole and

investment is a medium long-term issue. we could change this now. if we have the cultural will to do it. we've got to get off the short-term fixation and have a human capital strategy for the country. why is it a political problem? i think judy, you included in your opening remarks. 3-year-olds don't vote. they don't make pac contributions. they don't make super pack contributions. so i think there's also the reasons why the congress can't get its priorities straight. we need to look at the way money comes into our political system. it does affect our ability to set priorities. and i think frankly young people are being shortchanged by the system. >> so you know, what are some practical ways around that? i mean, given the budget -- we are acutely aware of the budget situation at the federal and state level. how do you make human beings,

young human gene more of a priority? >> well, congress needs help in many ways. what we try to do for economic development, both at the state and national level and the state level is to get his missing gauged because business leaders to many of them do understand the concept of investment. the other thing we did it some years ago we went to jim pac-man, who is a nobel economics at university of chicago and we asked genji drill down more deeply and quantify the returns on investment and you people. you get some of the highest returns on public investments when you invest in young children. i'm what we do as a country, we invest a lot of money and cleaning up problems that shouldn't occur in the first place. you look at where a lot of education department budget which oversea goes.

title i, all of these programs. any business leader will tell you is have a problem, fix it up. the more business leaders need to get engaged in working with are the hidden advocacy and policy representatives to make this a national priority. other countries do it. >> some of the disparity inherent. >> john marshall has reminded me that she put some proposals forward. you want to talk about it? >> well, it's a fairly specific thing. that is that currently states can't collect sales tax on goods sold over the internet, so they lose about 12 to $15 billion a year. they're still spending up there and it needs to be passed basically that says iowa state colors have to collect the tasks and remade it. so one option but the two type with actual children's trust fund for individual space.

so the congress passes it. except that 12 to $15 million is allocated back to each state goes into early childhood trust them. i would argue has to be spent time the education portion because i think that is where the real need is. states often time to gaming. great? pattycake gaming past? be tied to education. nowadays it is a person's nightmare. it turns out these side effects, that it may be a specific policy option that's actually doable. >> do something like that practical and workable? and if it is, how long would it take to get something like that going? >> you didn't mention that they

also is the deputy director of the congressional budget office and people in the budget office very much tied taxes. but after eight years will forgive you. i am the price of the third inning. it is important priority to ensure that it's going to be a priority for many years in an efficiency and equity created by the fact that the service is usually thought to the internet via myers. solving that problem and dedicating to something like early childhood education, were each state has the ability to define what it's doing with it stressed the. i think it's good policy.

and i think it is something that if congress passed this, it would be up and running. >> the system is that, the software is already available. really you would start collecting a month after they did it. >> this is a great difficulty of enforcement of that. >> the problem now is you have to have nexus. so the supreme court has said you can't do it. the last time the court, i think in the early 90s, the court decision asked the congress and the company to fix it. >> somebody still has to collect and remit to the states. you are saying if i buy something over the internet here in washington for my company california where tax goes -- >> wherever the good is used. >> so not here. that means the company california have to send the taxpayer and to maine and

oliver. i then told that's a very difficult implementation, no? >> you could just log into software that's already available that does the work. a father. >> at 12 billion range. >> which would be a damned. olivia. >> the total in the children's budget papers that you can find any urban institute website, total federal expenditures and tax expenditures on kids is something that 440 billion on the medicaid. 10 or 20 billion isn't an important amount of money. it's not like keeps k-12 education. this is exceeded my expectations, the practical idea in the first three minutes --

[laughter] epic to come back to two obstacles. one obstacle that congressman kolbe raised and one that charles kolb race. we have to fix impediments verse. actually, i do slightly different reaction to that. one is the thinking of those are much expert than i am, which was sort of the sense that bob is right and of course i think he is, about the urgency, we can't necessarily wait to have the plan and to get started on it. and the solution is to plan ariel do we say what you do the same time? but i also wonder what you could do as part of the entitlement reform, given for example, the importance of medicaid for children. the fact that health reform will also be important by adding parents. as we focus on prevention and early intervention and higher-quality care of chronic illness is to look for savings across the health care system, does that also sort of

automatically were too opportunistic children. although the states doing it now are doing it different ways. so i wondered if the panel has reflections on whether you can do some of those at the same time. >> i think it's important to do that at the same time. there are a number of proposals about how to reform senate the intent and defense and social security and so on. some of them have proposed raise the issue could modify it, save money, but also target more on the neediest groups. and i think that any of these entitlement programs you can do that by restructuring the program itself as well as putting a cap on some expenditures. so you can do well at the same

time. >> just to clarify, perhaps i overstated. i am not saying that you shouldn't do things for children's programs at the same tenets are trying to fix entitlement. what i was trying to say is if you don't fix entitlement programs, ultimately anything you do in terms of increasing children's programs or anything else in the discretionary budget is doomed to failure because the entitlement programs come on the enough scene of the children's programs and to entitlement that the programs they're going to consume everything in the budget. the interest on the debt just won't be anything left in respect to fix the entitlement program. >> i think you make a very good point here. that is if you look at the medicare for aggregate u.s. spending on health care, a lot of which is driven by medicare, we have been extremely poorly structured and wasteful system. and again, i point to france.

they spend slightly more than half of what we do on a per capita basis than they get better results. they live longer. i know the foie gras and stuff in the redline -- [laughter] it's the redline, that they live longer and you can also look aside the specifics around how they deliver health care. and we've got a very good, inefficient fee-for-service system. so the service can be restructured. i am not talking about just saving money for the sake of money. we are wasting money. we missed an opportunity to couple years ago to do the type of structural reform that would in fact have enabled us to redirect money in a more efficient way towards her young people. until we make the structural reform in the entitlements, we are going to have to make the

country. but it's doable. other countries do it all the time. look at the other oecd models. we are no longer at the top. we are not even the middle. we are down at the bottom. >> just one more thought on this point. i actually think one of the challenges they hear when attacked with children's advocates are policy officials and state in the federal government is people do think children's programs are mostly discretionary. in fact, that isn't true of the large dollar children programs so that advocates in children's policymakers administrators, governors, special assistance in the state sometimes don't ink about the extraordinary opportunity to meet children's alienates their medicaid or through the nutrition programs you can somehow it coming down and separate chunks. so, i also think that there are tweaks you can make that enhance what are already sent a blistering and that is actually really important. >> the question i was going to

have. medicaid does follow under entitlement. >> absolutely. >> i acknowledge that. i certainly agree. but there's a lot of other focus. certainly were attacking a children's focus and i still wear including education that. >> absolutely. that's the one that usually stays. but in terms of again i keep going back to what is practical, what can be done in the short term? by that, i mean the next few years to tackle some of the urgent needs that we were discussing this out to name the children have? i'm not saying that is that anyone has suggested, that we just got to get control of the budget into this. you now, how do you work around?

>> well, one of the things that is important is to distinguish between cutting the budget down and getting on the right course for the budget. we have a long-term problem that is how my is no serious. that is how to do with the trajectory of the budget over the next 20 years or so. that should be seeing a little bit differently than the short-term problem, which is partly the project to read and partly our economic situation. and so, we shouldn't and he talks about it in his essay, looking at the fact that if we do know what children's needs are dialogue turns your tree is not going to look very good because we won't be an economic situation to really afford the

things that we would like to be able to afford. we need to make tough choices. that is that congress needs to not only reach an agreement on a long-term trajectory, but look at how they make choices among the different programs around the table. if the super committee and the congress have some disagreements for why they go through an odd and unexciting process. >> it might be worthwhile to take a look at some of the spending that we now undertake as a country to results from the failure to in test up front. and one of his presents. we have, i think, the largest number of people in the world incarcerated and the highest percentage of our population incarcerated. if anyone think that is not related? to the failures at the front

end? and that the possibility of investing more, that are at the front end might actually free up some resources at the national and state level that frank lee are a waste of the country, to this date in individual human beings who are subject to the system. >> there is no question that is a symbol. >> that's fixable. they may take a while because of the priceline, but it's fixable now. just to indicate some of this comes in from a viewer is a minister. just reminding us that we are talking about the over emphasis is just a preset. many people a night community misunderstand the entitlement programs like social security or is it a look at these as if their welfare programs. military and social security promises made by the government.

i paid into social security for more than 35 years. i would type in the military. the government must keep his promise to me. during my time would take far less than civilian jobs and retirement at half salary my 10 minute ago. that is owed to me. how dare might company take this? but this is a genuine fear. >> phagocytes difficult for members of congress. >> why is it so difficult? olivia. >> the link to that question, i think charles raised as set of questions about what sort of politically and culturally americans believe. and i guess i would say that we haven't been all but explicit about what are all the obstacles and i think it's helpful to do that. so one name is that many, many

people in fact believe that these investments are above all the responsibility of parents and the failures we are talking about are above all. failures. it doesn't mean that people think every child has to go to private school. this k-12 education. people understand the public road. and to some degree, health insurance, which is why we been more successful they are. but i think there is deep distrust in the idea that even if there is a need for public investment means something, then it's not just a jargon word that you're doing more than earning money at the problem. i think as in the example you understand more what might be returned as they get older. so i actually think that telling the story about the ways in which, you know, medicaid enables children to get to

school and supports for families who are working, but just not able to make friends meet at what it means to have k-12 education. i just think that a part of the issue is that the public that is electing governors and members of congress have sent understandable and not turn skip the system about what we are seeing even if it's a priority. >> in the media really played through in educating and far may not the public about this. i want to come back to ray scheppach and also get to comment on just sort of pushing a little more on the role played in all of this. i mean, i think for example what i was noting at the beginning of this new information that california is going to be able to cut rates for medicaid payments to providers, health

care providers. in many of those recipients are children. what can be done -- that's not just happening in california. >> if you just look at actions that states have had over the last several years in medicaid, they've cut out optional benefits. they've done more for military semitruck site. they have frozen or decreased reimbursement. i think there's only 30 states that have those. so, they know full well the recovery reimbursement rates. they know you could double savings because the cut access. but you know, throughout this period, they try to protect alamance in secondary education at times. they have cut everything off and of course that includes higher education, which includes tuition and so on.

but you know, the fact of the matter is medicaid is the pack and the state government. there is many years for the change in medicaid is larger than the change in state revenues. and i think we revel back up revenue growth was quite robust in 1978 to 2008. the dirtier. we had a revenue growth of 6.5% per year on average. only one year. now we're in. virtually no growth of revenues for five years. it'll take us two more years to get back to 2008 bible. and then we have the expansion of medicaid that it now, we could debate who's paying what, but the truth of the matter is it is going to be more costly for states.

we don't know how much, but it's going to be more costly for states. so, i am careful, depending where that supreme court decision goes. but the money going forward is to cut the reimbursement rate. so i guess that health care reform bill for primary care freezes in a 100% for two years. as i remember, arizona for two years. beyond that it's the same problem. i just want to raise another issue that goes back to charlie's point a little bit. it is not just children, but we've got to convince the public about public investment that the infrastructure and so on. we've got to start putting those budgets out because we are now becoming a consumption economy. and i really worry because -- >> in the budget now, what do you mean?

>> they try to focus on public investment. when looking at research and development, cannot infrastructure in looking at capital, somehow pulling this together and start reading the john that the future standard of living is going to depend upon our investments here now. >> do you want to comment, bob? >> yet, at the risk of dissension here, more importantly what we said today who wrote a very fine essay on medicaid and health, i would say that we are spending too much time talking about medicaid with respect to this issue. medicaid is a big thing financially for the states. but the same by and large been

priced by the elderly and disabled participants. and there is an even bigger assumption that the affordable care act as an lamented goes forward. you now, with respect, most of the time, you know, we have health care pretty much taken care of and a horrendously inefficient way and i would agree with charlie that he and i can sit down in the room and we could bring up a whole lot of resources doing it more efficiently. but that is where i think the real challenge is when i look at the next 10 years. it's really true fold. one is the income distribution. too many kids are growing up in families without the adequate resources to provide safe environment, production

environment. that is going to make a long transformation of our economy. and you know, if you do right with respect to education training and everything like this, the coworker in a and will be in prison and will have, you know, we will have a different kind of income distribution. we can explicitly redistribute by raising child in if it's a social security and welfare payments or the earned income tax credit and things like that, but politically, that is proven to be a real struggle. the second proposal we are focusing this on the institutions that we had through train our children. charlie mentioned the way the french do it, you know, down at the bottom. other countries paid preschool

teachers more than secondary school teachers because they realize this is an investment and you want the best things to happen early on because you have to get that from the railroad track once you have gone off. there are ways we can both devote more resources and transform the institutions that we have now with these responsibilities. ever make it there, virtually state and local responsibilities creates a huge problem because, you know, every locality in every school board games it's the source of wisdom. and you know, creation is done is, you know, a tribute to darwin's theories. you know, there's nothing you can do at a higher level. >> it's the american way. >> we are in washington, so it is commonplace to spend a lot of time talking about programs,

federal and state. and i don't want to create another cabinet department here, but maybe we need a children fire or something like that, there are two parts of this i don't think i've come up yet because they are not federal or state programs. that is the premise that they are. i think pnc bank ceo jim moore has renewed their commitment over 10 years to invest in young children. they think they're making a showing of $50 million command never 10 years that help create grow upgrade. so there is an example of one major bank that is investing in young people in the communities where it does business. it should be an inspiration to others and the corporate site very. and then i would point to --

>> how much money they put an end? >> i believe it's $250 million over 10 years. that is the second time. they react for another 10 years. jim burke gets it. he's a very serious and fear about this. but the idea to invest in the young people in their communities came from employees at the bank. they are asked, would you like to see your bank do in the community? it didn't come top-down. it came bottom that. the are not to take the place of government, but to complement it. and then i would point to the philanthropic sector. i used to work at united way of america and i think it is still the case that the united way around the country have 350 programs, which are getting young people to school, ready to learn, which means in addition

to education, nutrition, immunization, et cetera. as part of the combination between business and philanthropy, added make an appeal to those billionaires who have signed up to divest themselves of a lot of their fortune, to play a role in making investments in use human capital a priority for the country. many of these people are doing wonderful things. bill and linda case among others. also getting others to be part of this. so that is what he meant to have any children far in a sense, to really focus on all the strands that come together here on behalf of our young people. >> how much do you think they picked up by the private and non-public areas? >> i do not answer that, judy because part of the issue is the federal government already spent a lot of money in these areas and they don't always spend it very well.

so i don't know for universal pre-k, just universal pre-k and i think we estimated the additional cost effect of $50 billion per year. that's not a lot of money in this country. we just been a trillion dollars on one of the worst. i forget which one. though we can do this. it is not so much a question of the day are kind of filling in for the government. it is looking at the resources, public, private, philanthropic and really having a national strategy, like kennedy had when he made a commitment in 10 years. recently we made a lot of commitments under president h. debbie bush and clinton. we were going to be first in the world in math and science by the year 2000. now i don't know what we are. by the year 2000, one of the

years despite learning that out of the nga. we didn't make it. >> i want to get in a comment on that. meanwhile, want to open her up for questions and have a couple more. if you have a question raiser and i'll try to get to you right away. just before we do that, any comments in reaction to a charset, olivia? >> the first one as i do think connecting a broader awareness scepters is both really important, but also a balancing act. i think you don't want to be confused about the fact that the scale of what is needed is not going to be provided in dollars by this year's. whether it is a skill that is needed at the state level by texas the path of the increase in children from 202,010 taken place in a state that doesn't have an income tax and not as much investment. >> charles is nodding head. >> so you have to keep the scale

in mind. at the same time, you want the engagement. the second really quick comment is going to make is that the charles suggestion that the children's hour every suggestion of investment budget are processed with the idea that they would enable us at least to have this conversation. part of what i think is a challenge is bob's way of noting here that thinks most important and here's what is not as important, you can even get there unless you have some way of pulling together the conversation. >> just one comment on what charles said here the air can play a really important role in this. i am involved in something, a program where we are trying to involve the private sector and foreign assistance for children and for others and it is remarkable that kind of programs available out there in the industries, businesses, corporations will make it back then evolved into in july.

he does not ring public substitute. we have to understand that. but where can be really important is the innovative, creative kinds of things and also the leadership of having those corporate executives and people all the way involved in it. they become spokespersons. they become advocates and the ones out there by the congress. at the grassroots level. >> eyesight gentleman with a question. yes, sir, could you tell us your name and organization. i think they are going to bring your microphone. okay, there we go. >> p. davis, economic consultant. i tutor twice a week for the last seven years that one of the poorer schools here in d.c. i can assure you remedial education is a lot tougher than starting to read to a kid at one or two. in the obesity problem is just off the charts. but the thing that really disturbs the most is when i

asked the young boys what they want to do, they all say i want to go to the nba for the nfl. i try to explain because to them and the chances of getting hurt and maybe they had to have a plan b. they just sit there and credulous. and i asked some of the young ladies. i had one must become a fifth grader who is really sharp in math. i said you know, your sign-up to be docked her. she just looked at me like i was from the moon. and so, how do we instill the aspirations to help these kids get along? >> very important question. >> so they all can become hedge fund? [laughter] >> margaret, do you have any feedback for his question. >> i think it is very important that they see how possible it is. on some of it is through role models and some of it is through understanding the pathways that she have to follow in order to get there. one of the national comparisons at one time i was working on a

youth apprenticeship from school to work transition and looking at germany and how they establish a way in which people understand the path that you take. so by eighth grade, students and their parents know that if you want to do this, this is the path you have to take your these are the courses you need to tape. we don't have any of that. even among middle-class students, is not always a clear picture of how you get from here to there. and we need to instill some of that in our system as well. but i think also we need to have people see the possibilities from the neighborhoods in which they are. and that they can see the resources -- that there are resources available to them that will help them along the path.

>> i also like that question back to the conversation we just had about the rule for other than governmental clusters, community, nonprofit. good thing if you having those conversations provide some of the really important connection to the broader world. and the united states get older, particularly with people who are white and have more resources look different, don't know as many of people with young kids. that disconnection of play that in politics and plays out in children's lives. and no, purchase to make a personal connection. so older people, people who don't live next to a school, you know, have that sense of connection. i think that is a really important world that is outside of government, but contributes to the situation. even if yes, sir, in the back here there's a microphone if you could if you could sentimentalist her name and

organization. >> thank you gave my name is john wilson. i am a consultant. i work with community-based organizations that work with children who are living in poverty. one of the greatest problems that we have around children who are living in poverty is that the problem was not simply limited to issues of education, but it becomes an even broader issue because people live in very isolated communities. so the kinds of resources they need are not available, including issues with health care, issues of mental health and as a consequence is growing in numbers of children involved in the criminal justice system. so the research has shown that the number one indicator of

adult incarceration is incarceration as a juvenile. so we need to begin to start addressing does issues of how to invest in children at a much earlier age in all seven clute the entire family, including the parents of these children. because often these issues are intergenerational. >> which broadens the challenge in a way because i think everyone here agrees that parents play a huge role, but sometimes the parents are not there to do the job that we traditionally think i should do. anyone want to comment? >> well, i think one of the other comments that is sort of implicit and jobs, and is the whole question of safety of neighborhood to neighborhood influence. so we're really talking about how you make the community more

supportive environment for children. and so, we go beyond education assemblies to the criminal justice system, but in a positive way. not about incarcerating young people, but how we steer them away from opportunities and how we have two think my positively about kids who are good doing that dance. i quickly enchanted hotline question that figures comes from a woman who plays into what we just been talking about. single parent advocacy that an educational system allows social promotion all contribute financially. number one, she is a number one, promote marriage. kids need parents for each other of financial support. number two, educate urban youth about the impact of becoming a

parent without a job or to number three, break a public housing so poor families can be distributed throughout many types of neighborhoods. she puts this up in memphis would you think about the longer school year, six day week school sessions? bob reischauer, the customer money, does that? >> yeah, i'm all for it like the saturday mail delivery. how about wednesday, two? no, i think those comments both were very, very thoughtful and they receive a feed appear more than i do. >> judy, can i comment on that, to? i think part of the investment in young people also entails explaining to her young people but they also have to invest. dedicate basketball players hunting that is a quick way.

miss you in this country don't get their. most people get there because serendipity education. i remember nga report said that the typical fifth-grader at home every day spend something like three to five minutes a day reading and 130 minutes watching tv. this was before the internet. push those numbers when you get better performance. young people also need to be mentored. don't people have to invest in the time. by the way, richard aaron has written a book on postsecondary education called academically address. point that when you look at some college universities, they are not much better in terms of time on task and our k-12 education. a lot of money being spent for five hours a week on studying. >> that's encouraging. yes, right here. yes, please.

>> hello. and gloria: and also a consultant. we seem to be the ones asking questions today. i do most of my work with hhs. one of the concerns i have is none of these problems are really brand-new. they changed it for decades, of course. but in the 70s when for example, moynihan has kind of a children's czar role in the government, what are we going to do now that will be different from what we've done over the past 30 or 40 years because this all sounds like the conversations we were having and the seven these. and how are we going to make a change and how is it going to be different this time? >> has the conversation really not changed? you agree with that? >> i actually think that there have been successes as well as

moves in a damaging direction it's really to identify successes and learn from them. bob's comment that we might have helped taking care of, nobody could have said that the 70s. we did increases in young children's health coverage. from my perspective, the fact we're about to have their parents covered will be important to them as well. so we think about how does that happen? it's not very big beard i mean, it is a compared to what is out there for young children in terms of its reach among role and come kids. i think the quality is an important accomplishment, although there's more to go beyond that and that's actually also quite an accomplishment. but i think what is different that makes the problem much more urgent is the economic disparity and the environments change in the u.s. population in terms that these children are latino and african-american, about

half. that creates a set of different challenges. and some of the geography of where kids are in circumstances of the states financially. >> a separate point that hasn't been talked about. during this period of austerity for all three levels of government have a paramount time looking forward. they've got to validate the fact that the only way we generate more money for children is to really become proficient in the delivery of all government services. somebody indicated reason, but i doubt the state level, we are today. a three strikes and you're out. odessa prisons have become? $80,000 per person. we probably do everything wrong in prisons. we probably increase half the cost. i think across the board we've

preached for some time now they have to redesign the delivery of all the republics because that is the only place you can generate savings and make the investment. we just have to understand that. >> well, we can start with education. more per capita on education. and yet, the results are your pretty invisible and haven't improved a lot. so did suggest that just doing the same and over and over again and expect any different result is foolish. that's the definition of madness and sanity. >> i'm reminded we have less than five minutes for discussions. i want to go and ask each one of you for a comment to pull together what you think of the most important thing for things that can be done as we move ahead, given the budget

constraint, given what we've talked about this afternoon to advance the cause of children's. you dirty talk to about, but tell us what would you emphasize? >> i think i would emphasize one and i think others have also talked about and that is getting children off on the right tire. you know, we don't want to abandon the older children because there's still time to work with them. but if we wanted to think about the best way to get started, to have children not be behind and they start school of. we want children to be healthy and have a positive attitude when they come to school so that from there and the teresa. >> charles, what about you? >> i'd like to see a president of the united states who made

the investment in youth human capital has over her number one priority on their site at the house. >> straightforward. >> well, i guess talking again here as a former member of congress on a budget person, i'd like to somehow convince grandma and grandpa that they can't have all the kinks in the entitlement programs, but they can't have the constant shift of our income to the elderly, dead if we do that, we are really sacrificing our future for children and grandchildren. and i think you can appeal to people on that basis. i think will have to do that if are going to be up to have resources available, either entitled to programs or discretionary level. >> bolivia. >> i am very struck by the creativity of this conversation, which confirms what events are bringing together the event they given a children's issues and

people who think about the budget is useful. from favor of this content the next step, perhaps i'll highlight the process next step, whether it's the investment budget continuing conversation, children's czar, that figures out the next way to keep this focus going is very important. >> i guess this concept of a total investment budget will probably get state and local in the federal government to bring on definitions that are a nascar three levels of government to publish it so that you got transparency and try to change the culture around investment versus consumption. my second point would be to give bob reischauer an op-ed to get my internet thing passed. [laughter] >> i'm going to come to him, they take 30 seconds before i do. i'm told turkoman initiative

developing the next generation of policy leaders. would you say to the next generation about how they should be thinking? >> a partly public is still one of the most fascinating careers. you've got to understand the challenges and a partisan nation is much more difficult and that they've got to rely on their now assistant stand up and push it cannot be pushed away so much better problems. >> that is connected but we're talking about here. >> bopped reischauer commuted the final word. >> i was all for jim tran for cutting back his congressional pension so we can solve that. but i think we