>> do you want me to hold this? >> you can hold this. that as pen, i will let you drive. oh wow. what am i doing? >> the s pen allows you to write on the device. diaz -- s pen allows you to sense the pressure you're pushing and provide a high-resolution image. behind you you see some of the artwork that has been produced on this device by artists that are sitting over there. >> so i can write a message. >> you can write a message were dry picture. >> so just write a message? >> just write a message. >> we still have the eraser on. it's an electric pen. >> pick a color.

how about if we do that? >> very good. >> bad penmanship though, need to work on that. so can i say this or send this to anybody? >> you can hit save and save it as a picture or send it to somebody you want to send the picture to. hit save. >> save, save. now what do i do? >> this is your image that you saved right here. >> i want to send it. >> tap it. >> then what? >> try the plus. >> there we go.

is a commercially available yet? >> villas will be commercially available this year through at&t. hopefully your artwork will be as good as what we see here. this is bridging some of our seven-point. we have tablets that are 10.1, 8.9, 7.7, 5.3 bridge between our 4.3-inch phones to 5.3. >> and this retails for how much? >> do we know the retail price? >> we will find out. it's not free, we know that. >> check your at&t web site in a few weeks. >> excellent. >> host: our communicator series from the consumer electronics show in las vegas continues next week. to watch this and pass communicators on line go to c-span.org/communicators.

>> you are going to find more and more people to recognize the massive opportunity for exchange and trade. if i'm president of the united states one of the things i will do in my first 100 days is to begin an economic initiative that drying latin american businesses and american businesses closer together. this is a massive opportunity not of charity but of opportunity. it will help lift both parts of the world. >> this is about building a new grand coalition of americans to come together because they want to create a country where we unleash the spirit of the american people and rebuild the country that we love. that is what 2012 is all about. [applause]

spain our symposium on national security issues that includes the cia director, retired general david petraeus and charles bolden the head of nasa. the reserve officers association hosted this two-hour event. >> good morning ladies and gentlemen. that was a great good morning. you are in for a real treat. to start off this national security symposium, playing a patriotic and a lid i give you the united states marine band. [applause]

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ [applause] [applause]

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ 's. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ [applause] [applause] >> ladies and gentlemen please rise for the presentation of the colors and remain standing for

the national anthem. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪

♪ >> retire the colors. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ [applause]

>> please remain standing for our invocation led by r. o. a national chaplain. >> thank you general. good morning. general petraeus, thank you for coming. would you please join with me as we now go to our lord in prayer for our opening session of the national security symposium. shall we pray? almighty god, we are here and as we gather as a family, a fraternity of citizen warriors, our body stand united in serving the beloved nation for which you have a stowed upon us, the united states of america. as reservists and citizen warriors, we serb authorities three times removed, country,

community, family but most of all, we serve you, collectively pursuing the highest ideals of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. blessed creator, pour out your holiness on this gathering. renew the selfless relationship that continuously bind us together and most important, allow us to hear and discern the wisdom from our distinguished keynote speakers here today. we finally ask your intercessioe families of our colleagues and lost loved ones who have served our great country. also strengthen those citizen warriors who serve in harm's harm's way around the globe and never allow us to -- and finally all of us to continuously grow in you as we strive continuously to be the leaders you desire us to be as

servants of our great republic. we now uplifts these requests to you and in your holy name we pray. amen. >> please be seated. welcome to washington d.c. for the next three days. you are in for an exciting national security symposium and reserve officers association convention. fasten your seatbelts and please

direct your attention to the monitors on the side. ♪ video [inaudible] [inaudible]

[inaudible] video playing. ♪ ♪ ♪

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ [applause] >> did that get your heart pumping? as a reminder, please silencer

cell phones and any other like tronic devices you might have and also because we are forward-looking, electronically capable organization, organization, for those of you who are tweeting this conference please use the hashtag barro it. r. o. a.. to kick things off i would let to introduce our national president air force reserve colonel walker williams. [applause] >> thank you general davis and good morning again. throughout this national security symposium the convention body will also convene. 90 years ago on october's the second 1922 brigadier general henry j. riley led the first gathering for our founding fathers establishing this great association. it is now both my privilege and

honor to preside over her 86th national convention. now is the first item of convention business for our out oa minuteman hall of fame welcomes another and that we, great citizen patriot who has conspicuously contributed to the advancement of our program objectives. it is an exceptional honor for me to introduce our first speaker and inducted this year's newest addition to the minuteman hall of fame. our speaker has been referred to as the premier military man of our age. he has distinguished himself with his leadership, valor, creativity and diplomacy. in the area of scholarship his masters and doctorate degrees from the woodrow wilson school of international affairs at princeton university and his leadership of the combined arms center where he led the development of our current

counterinsurgency manual, to reflect the marvelous intelligence and insight he brings to bear on any issue, his integrity is unimpeachable. through his over 37 years in the military service, remarkably director petraeus has held six general officer commands, via this combat command. he did this in bosnia. he did it in the 101st air assault division in iraq. he served as commander is the multinational force of iraq leading the search. he served as centcom commander and finally as a dual-headed commander of the international security assistance commander of u.s. forces in afghanistan. our guest speaker's name is often mentioned in the same sentence with most of our revered leaders of the past. generals washington, grant, pershing, macarthur and eisenhower but the contributions

he has made in the development of doctrine, development of leaders and his leadership in the battlefield. most recently president obama has called upon him to serve as the director of the central intelligence agency. ladies and gentlemen it gives me great pleasure to inducted a long time supportive roa in the reserve forces in the minuteman hall of fame, please join me in welcoming director david petraeus. [applause] [applause] >> thank you. [applause] [applause]

>> thank you very much. good morning to you all and thanks where warm welcome. it is great to be with you all this morning angry to be part of your 2012 national security symposium, the 8086th inode and it's great to be with so many with whom i have been privileged to serve in the past decade in particular. just out of curiosity so many here have been deployed since 9/11, if i could just see a show of hands. how many have been deployed more than once since 9/11? how many more than twice? to annie have three years or more deployment just out of curiosity? right here? where are my guys back here lacks you have got three years

or more deployed since 9/11, come on up here and we will see how quickly my guys can respond. , on up here. [applause] [applause] [applause] >> those are the individuals and the others in here and so many more that you have led fled and representative and served with,

who have truly made that video a true video and brought to light that statement that the nation needed you, you responded to the call. colonel williams thanks for the kind introduction, overly kind. i must say that the response to such generous words typically has to be to note that i wish my dear departed parents have been here to hear them. my father would have enjoyed them and my dear old mother might've actually believe them. [laughter] i am truly humbled by the award i received today and i will have a bit more to say about that but before doing so i want to thank you colonel williams and thanked general davis and salute them and all of your leadership for years of military service. ..

ensuring a number of programs for our military families are well supported.

as some of you may know, my wife, holly, is an assistant director of the consumer financial protection bureau, and she is helping to lead the fight against financial writtenoffs -- ripoffs that target or troopers and their families. [applause] >> i will note that was an applause line. to her, that is. but as all of you know, bulletss and ieds make no distinction and neither do predator lenders. so holly and i are pleased you're pushing this issue and she asked i convey a well done, bravo zulu to you on it. speaking of service, i wanted to share a story from a recently declassified operation that took place in the pacific ocean area, an operation that has been

unreported. one of our best reserve units was deployed to perform a sensitive mission on a desert island where they had to hire some local inhabitants as scouts and traps -- tenant laters. it turned out the locals were cannibals, and it turns out they the commander who was official -- official with dealing with different species, talked to them. you're part of our team, he told the cannibals in their language. we'll pay you well for your service and we'll allow you to eat any of our rations, but please don't eat any of our troopers. the cannibals promised not to eat any of the unit soldiers and they then shook hands with the commander and went to work. everything was going smoothly until about four weeks later

when the commander called the cannibals together for a meeting. you're all working hard, he said, and i'm very pleased with your performance. however, one of our sergeants has disappeared. do any of you know what happened to him? the cannibals shook their heads and professed to have no idea of the missing sergeant's whereabouts. after the mapper left, however, the leader of the cannibals turned to the others and asked, sternly, which one of you idiots ate the sergeant? the cannibals all hung their heads until final will you one of them put his hand in the air and said, i did. you fool, the head cannibal shouted. for four weeks we have been eating lieutenants, captains, and even majors, and no one noticed anything. [laughing] >> and then you had to go and eat a sergeant. [laughter] >> when i was in uniform, i used to note i didn't say anything

about eating generals. i'm sure their absence would have been noted instantly by their aide only. [laughter] >> well, thanks for laughing. you know the deal. when you reach my station in life you're only as good as the material they give you. well, it is, again, an enormous honor to receive the minuteman hall of fame award. in throughout i have received a few awards but it's rare to be inducted into a hall of fame, noting the fine line between fame and infamy, and i'm glad for at least for today i avoided achieving the latter. i would quickly add that i owe this honor to the men and women in uniform with whom i was privileged to serve, along with

the diplomas working to safeguard our nation and particularly over the course of the last decade. thanks to the exceptional skill and selfless valor of those who answer our country's call, active duty and reserve components, uniformed and civilians, we achieved hard-fought progress in iraq. we arrested and reversed the taliban's momentum in many areas of afghanistan. and we achieved successes in other fronts in the war against al qaeda and its affiliates. none of this was easy. we often used to say in fact it is all hard, all the time. but it was done. and it is again on behalf of those with whom i have been privileged to serve since 9/11 that i accept this award today. as i thought about my remarks today, i thought i might share some of the especially memorable

moments of my career over the past decade in particular in which i had the honor of soldiering alongside reserve officers and those they have led. for our reserve components have played an absolutely essential role in iraq and continue to do so in afghanistan and in fact in many other locations in my old areas of responsibility and elsewhere around the world. indeed, in those done countries, our citizen soldiers without whom we could not keep our nation secure. four years ago almost to the day, i was on 18 january -- i had the great privilege on the 100th anniversary of the u.s. army reserves to reenlist 100 reservists. i was the commander in iraq at the time, and i was a true honor to use that occasion to thank

all of our great citizen soldiers for their considerable contributions, particularly as we were still engaged in the so-called surge there in iraq. i was joined for the occasion by the commander of the army reserve, the great lieutenant general jack stultz, who observed those fine men and women were part of the most professional, most comment, best trained, mose most dedicated reserve force we ever had, close can quote. i certainly agreed with his assessment then, and i still do very much today. indeed the success of the surge in iraq was due in no small part to the impressive skill and character of our reserve components, whose personnel played a critical role at a critical moment in the campaign. many in this room today, and thousands and thousands more in your organization, were part of that critical endeavor. indeed not just part of it.

but leaders in it. now, as was noted during the introduction, during my final years in uniform, i had the privilege of holding six straight general officer commands, five of which were in combat. and i repeatedly saw reservists in all branches of the mill tear bring warrior and civilian skills to the fight. that combination has, of course, been particularly effective and particularly important in the complex environments we have been facing. as all here now, in addition the traditional demand of the battlefield, iraq and afghanistan often required our troopers to be more than just warriors. to be diplomat, builders, trainers, advisers, service providers, economic developers, and mediators to name just a few of their roles. citizen soldiers have performed these diverse tasks in particularly impressive fashion.

and in so doing they have demonstrated the unique edge, the unique quality, that reservists bring to every military endeavor. indeed, far from playing a supporting role to active component elements, our reserve components have been integral in the execution of each of our missions. one especially notable case with which i'm very familiar is from 2004. when it was clear that we needed to form and train the new iraqi army and iraqi police forces, and to do so quickly. no small task in light of the challenges in iraq at that time, or the fact that those elements had been disestablished less than a year earlier. as some of you may recall, i'd only been home a brief period of time after commanding the 101st asia borne division in the first year in iraq, when i was racked to return to lead the effort to train and equip the

iraqi security forces. this was a particularly daunting task. one that we occasionally described as attempting to build the world's largest air craft, while in flight, while it's being designed, and while it's being shot at. and we also had to develop our own organization, which we named the multinational security transition command iraq, or minstci, for short to perform this mission. there was no existing unit or headquarters identified to serve as the foundation for this effort. so we turned to the 98th 98th division institutional training, and its more than 3,000 reservists based in the northeastern united states. and as we worked to establish mnstc-i in 2004, we were

augmented by somewhere close to a thousand members of the various staff headquarters and to advise and mentor the ewans of three iraqi combat divisions and a number of other elements. one of the advantages of having the 98th to do the work is that previously our effort was staffed by individual personnel from various us zests and unit with different rotation policies. we didn't have continuity to put it mildly. building an army from scratch required gaining the trust of the iraqis and then mentoring and coaching them on how to conduct actual operations. the reservist's skill in training others, combined with the uninterrupted opportunity to form personal connections, made a considerable difference. now, for many of our reservists, it was the first time they had been activated. for mose their first overseas assignment, but the quickly drew on their experience, training

american soldiers, and rose to the challenge of working with soldiers from different cultures, different religious sects, and varying degrees of literacy. the members of the 98th 98th adapted quickly to the job and steadily improved the training and equipping programs on which subsequent reserve divisions and active component units would build. they can be justly proud of their accomplishments as can those who followed them. and just out of curiosity, there are any from the 98th or the followon units who helped with the train and equip mission in iraq? thanks to you for what you did in a very nonstandard challenging environment and mission and for what was accomplished. in another case last year in afghanistan, corporal eric dehart, an engineer by trade from wisconsin, came up with a truly life-saving solution to

reduce the ability of the taliban to place explosives in the drainage culverts under road beds. he developed a cone made of steel bars that would fit a variety of openings, allowing water and debris to pass but not the placement of ieds. he spent more than 50 hours of his own time cutting and welding to perfect his prototype, and the even wrote a field manual how to install it. it was an immediate success, and in fact rube units of the 101st airborne division bought the device, placing them in kandahar province as soon as they available. the device has spread to other units throughout afghanistan, and they for this day building similar devices in a variety of shapes. corporal dehart has returned home to his wife and daughter, but he can be very proud that he made a lasting difference and

prevented untold numbers of deaths and injuries through his initiative and expertise. in truth, the selfless heroism of our nation's citizen soldiers inspires all of us. each reservist makes a difference, collectively they are doing the hard work our country requires, as your video made clear, and we owe them and their families and their communities at home, our deepest gratitude. another reservist i remember particularly well is master sergeant juanita milligan, whose courage and selfless service i had the privilege of recognizing by awarding her a medal at the truman foundation in 2006. a mother of three, in the u.s. army reserve, she served our nation for near ly to years in variety of roles in transportation and personnel units. she was griefly wounded --

gravely wounded in her tour in iraq in 2004 when an ied blast into her humvee, seeing the bomb a split second before it went off. she jumped across the vehicle to try to pull her gunner down and inside. he was okay. however, she sustained severe injuries, including schapp nell throughout her body, the loss of part of her right arm, and a broken in in three places. her recovery was truly inspirational as she endured countless surgeries, four hours of therapy each day, and the pain that accompanied her efforts to regain they of her right hand. she was finally able to stand for the first time just before thanksgiving the year after being wounded. and despite all of her challenges, despite the injuries

and pain, she was described by one who knew her at walter reed, as the most upbeat person i know. master sergeant milligan defines the selfless dedication of our citizen soldiers. a mother. twice answered the call to military duty. leaving behind family, friends, and community. in truth she is not just a member of what tom brokaw has termed the new greatest generation. she exemplifies it and she is a leader in it. her service, especially the character of her service, has been truly inspirational. a reserve component have in short clearly distinguished themselves in a variety of combat support roles in the dead okayed since 9/11. some 385,000 members of our reserve components, in fact,

serve in iraq or afghanistan during that time. and over 30,000 continue to serve on deployment in those theaters, contributing their valuable skills, experience, and expertise. indeed, since 1990, reserve component members from various branches of the military have mobilized and deployed in support of every american military operation, including, not just combat operations but peace-keeping and humanitarian missions as well. in fact reserve component elements continue to serve in more than 70 countries. demonstrating that our citizen soldiers are not only a strategic verve but a key component of our operational forces. in fact some military roles central to our nation's defense are conducted solely by reserve units. tasks such as weather recon

nance, airality spraying, biological detection companies, railway units, civil defense command, are among them, and there are many others. now we have all heard about the military re-alignments underway, and i'm confident that our reserve components will be duly recognized for the high value they bring to the overall force structure there has never been a greater need for the skills they uniquely provide. as the u.s. marine corps commandant recently stated, for example in some ways a reserve battalion is even more effective as counterinsurgency than a regular battalion. they bring a depth of skill sets beyond war fighting that can be leveraged in the endeavors in which we are currently engaged. these capabilities include first-hand experience in law enforcement. various trades. medical care.

agriculture. community leadership. and business skills. all of which can at times be more effective than traditional weaponry. security cooperation tasks and other missions imperative in the years ahead are oftenaddally suited for reserve units and we should note that those increasingly important tasks are of a broad scope and high skill level that allow much of the training to be conducted prior to mobilization, shortening the total activation time and lengthening the time a unit can be deployed. i'm sure such factors were considered during the department of defense strategy and budget as they clearly reflect hugely important roles for our reserve components in the years ahead. well, before i conclude, i want to thank you again for honoring me with this award.

and to note again that i accept it only in as much as i am able to do it on behalf of the soldiers i was able to lead over the past decade, and whose hard work and selfless dedication have served our nation so well. this award testifies to their sacrifices to your sacrifices, and to those of their families and loved ones. it is in truth their award far more than it is mine. i would add further that in receiving this honor i feel very privileged to join the company of those who received it before, including, for example, admiral may, general stultz, and general pace. beyond that, though, and of the most importance, i salute all the members of your organization and all those that you and your fellow members lead in serving

causes larger than self, individuals who have taken their place in a long line of patriots, that extends back to those who founded our great republic. president george washington, the epit me of a citizen soldier, once captured eloquently the feeling of those who serve our nation. i was, he reflected, summoned by my country whose voice i could never hear but with ven racing and love. and so it has been my great privilege this morning to accept the honor of being inducted into the minuteman hall of fame on behalf of all those who likewise have been summoned by our country whose voice we can never here but with ven racing and love. thank you very much. [applause]

[applause] >> thank you. thank you. i just want to say that general petraeus, that this sounds like a cliche, circumstance but it's honestly not. we are so honored you would take the time to be here today, and thank you so much for your remarks. we wish you the best, sir. >> thank you all very much. [applause] >> wow. there's more to come. we have fantastic speakers to

come yet. before we get down to business, i would like to take a moment to recognize a few people in the audience. and in the interest of time i'm going to not ask you to stand but we do want to recognize you. seated up front here is always past national presidents in their red coats, in addition to our -- [applause] >> okay. in addition to our past presidents, i would like to thank the executive committee for their hard work and dedication in support of our association. we thank all of our department presidents and national council members who are here in aden tenancy. we also have mrs. kathy lute, the president of the roa completion -- rao league, and we appreciate our chief serving today. i would like to thank our industry stars, partners, and

exhibitors and other distinguished guests who are here this morning. finally, i would like to ask all of our future leaders participate neglect junior officer professional development seminar and our rotc program to please stand and be recognized. would you all stand, please. [applause] >> thank you so much for being here today. almost three months ago roa had the foresight to hire an innovate for, businessman and marinas our executive director. major general drew davis has a long history with the united states marine corps, serving for 38 years in positions ranging from infantry, lieutenant to major general. general davis was a director of marine corps public affairs at the pentagon from 2001 to 2003.

there he led the development of the embedding program for front line journalists, in the afghanistan and iraq conflicts. after that commanded european forces in europe and africa from 2005 to 2007. and then the marine corps mobilization command until his retirement in 2008. general davis also has eight years previous experience as executive director and president of the american press institute, also a membership-based institute. please join me in welcoming our exciting new executive director, major general drew davis. [applause] >> thank you for the introduction. first, all of these sessions from this point forward, we

would like to have as an interaction with all of you. and on your seats you see cards that we invite you to fill out with your questions for each of the speakers. we will have our staff collect those cards and as the speak are is done with prepared remarks, we'll deliver your questions on your behalf to each speaker. the first of whom is the administrator of nasa. the honorable charles bolden, who told me to be very brief, but i'm not going to be. he said all he wanted in his introduction was that he was married to jackie and had three grandchildren. [laughter] >> he is a graduate of the united states naval academy. commissioned as second lieutenant in the marine corps, completed fright training in 1970 and became a naval aviator. he flew more than 100 combat

mission in north and south vietnam, laos and cambodia and received the distinguished flying cross. he tran transitioned to becoming a test pilot, where he tested a variety of aircraft until his selection as an astronaut candidate in 1980. becoming an astronaut, he traveled in orbit four times aboard the space shuttle between 1986 and 1994. commanding two of the missions. his flights included deployment half the hubble space telescope and the first joint u.s.-rescue shuttling my which featured a cosmonaut as member of the crew. he came back down to earth and returned to marine corps in 1987 and served as commanding general of the third marine aircraft wing from 2000 to 2002. retiring from the marine corps in 2003. he was induct out into the u.s.

astronaut hall of fame in 2006. just by way of giving a measure of this great american patriot, marine, astronaut, and now nasa administrator, then u.s. representative, now florida senator, bill nelson, was aboard the 1986 shuttle flight. nelson is now the chairman of the senate subcommittee on space, and he said, i trusted charlie with my life and would do so again. miles o'bryan, a former cnn space correspondentent wrote, bolden happens to be great guy. who doesn't just have the right stuff. he knows his stuff. so it's my pleasure to introduce our next speaker, the honorable charles, charlie, panther, bolden.

[applause] >> thank you all very much. thank you very much. thank you so much. it's an honor for me to be here, and i can thank you enough -- i'll-over join general petraeus and say introductions like that, my father and father are looking down and i can tell you they're gloating. especially my mother, who does believe that, and probably helped you write it somehow. but that's always great. i would like to recognize an old school mate, george bowman, who is over here, member of the organization. george is another south carolinian who has done incredibly well. i want to thank admiral merris, and mrs. margaret davis for all the special work she does with the marine corps scholarship

foundation and other programs that take care of our military kids and families. so marcus, thanks so much for coming out. >> i do have to say, it's an honor for me to share the podium this morning with much distinguished company as general petraeus and mr. mr. o'hanlon. i feel someone out of place but it is appropriate i'm here. people don't think of national security when you hear the term nasa. but hopefully in my brief remarks i'll have an opportunity to help you understand the critical role that we do play. when i am embarked on my military career nearly 50 years ago -- sounds like a long time -- but it's not. it really isn't. not in today's life. that is just a brief period of time. but as a young kid, a

snotty-nosed kid, fresh out of high school, c.a. johnson high school in columbia south carolina, i had no idea where my path would lead me. in fact if i were to grade myself on achievement of goals established by myself for me, when i graduated from high school, i tell kids, eye get an f because i have doning in i planned to do when i graduated from high school other than go to the united states nevada. that's something i dedicated myself to from seventh grade on. i struggled to get there but i finally got there and then as i left high school, as i left south carolina, said, okay, two things i know and they were both negatives. who thing is knew i would not do i would not fly airplanes but in was dangerous, and under no circumstances, because the marine corps purpose is to produce career officers for the navy and marine corps. under no circumstances would i become a marine because every marine i knew was stupid and that is what thought at the

time. so i was going to go through the naval academy, serve my mandatory five years in the navy, probably sail on a ship or something, get out, go back to graduate school, earn a masters degree in electrical engineering and make money. never got there so i would have to give myself an f in getting to the goals i set for myself. i did go the naval academy, though, because i wanted to follow in the footsteps of my father and uncles, men who served with distinction in world war when they had to fight for the right to defend this nation. i'm proud to say that my son, chase, also followed me into the marine corps. he is now stationed at the pentagon and is an f-18 back seater, and doing all kinds of great things. my military career opened vistas i never could have dreamed possible when i was a student in segregated south carolina. trying to live up to the high ideals of my parents to get a good education and pursue my

dreams. like me, many of our astronauts have come from the military. precisely for the skills and values that the military helps us develop. while we are a civil space agency, nasa, dod, and the national security apparatus, share many of the same technologies, maybe of the same systems, common industrial base, similar facility needs, and we have similar work force needs. we have many differences, too but the key to cooperation is to work together to overcome challenges and focus on activities that benefit both organizations, and i will say, if you go through the ranks of nasa employees, many of them are your fellow reservists, and many of them have had to leave the work force for periods of time, up to a year to serve in afghanistan and iraq and other places, and i'm always proud to talk about one of my favorite crew members, twice, dr. kathy

sullivan. u.s. naval reserve retired, who was a naval ocean groggrapher, first american to walk in space, on and on and on. so, the reserves organization in our military is truly the back bone of everything we do. nasa has also utilized air force unique launch support for missions for which commercial capable was not available, such also the cassini mission that required the use of the air force titan iv. the development and use of the current launch vehicle fleet is helping to sustain the industrial base necessary to ensure that dod has access to space that it needs. at the same time, we're encouraging and facilitating the development of domestic commercial launch providers. nasa and dod have a long-standing practice of sharing facilities. a number of nasa centers are

collocate with dod bases. the relationship betweens langly research center and langley air force base. dryden research center and kennedy and cape canaveral air force station are strong with nasa and dod organizations sharing facilities, operation support contracts, and flight operations mission support god. goddard space flight center has a global network of satellite communications and downlink facilities. it shares resources with dod and far-reaching places like antarctica and guam. it also points a joint center for validation of space weather, modeled and instruments in cooperation with the air force, and others. we recognize that space weather information is vital to the military commanders and space scientists for planning and anomaly resolution.

finally, the goal stone deep space network has a downlink site at the national training center inn't irwin, california, as most of you know we recently retired the space shuttle after 30 spectacular years of flight and 135 missions. that's more flights by far than any other human space flight program. through its triumphs and tragedies it gave our nation many firsts and many proud moments. the defense department flew 11 dedicated missions on the space shuttle. the first was sts4 in june 1982. and the last was sts53 in december 1992. nasa is also proud to have provided space access to about 270 secondary dod pay loads, most on the shuttle mid-deck or cargo bay. the shuttle launched communication satellites that helped make the whole world more secure and happened establish a

deep-space communications network. satisfying the increased reliance on today's high-band width systems with space based communications continues to be a dod priority and these same systems fulfill a critical need of communications role in the international space station program. future investment in communications is a priority for both dod and mass sample the technological advances promised by optical and laser communication systems show great potential. nasa and dod are collaborating to field new capabilities as quickly as possible to meet the needs of both agencies. with respect to the shuttles, it was time for us to get out of the business of owning the infrastructure to meet -- to reach low-earth orbit when industry was rapidly developing the capables to do just that. as we hand access off to stress, nasa can focus on the bigger

picture horizon and do those things that no one else can do right now. we're turning to development of the transportation systems and spacecraft necessary for crews to explore beyond low earth orbit, such as orion and the space launch system. we're also pursuing the development of technologies such as in-space propulsion, deep space habitat, closed loop life support and many others that will be critical to getting humans to an asteroid and mars as president obama challenged us to do. right now, it is true that we are dependent on the russians to get our crews to the international space station, but our industry partners are leading milestones and making steady progress toward getting crews and cargo to space so that we only have to rely on this foreign outsourcing for as short a period of time as possible. when the decision was made to retire the shuttle in 2004, we always knew there would be a gap in our space flight capability,

in a few months, however, space x and orbital scientists will launch their dragon and signature -- signus capsules to merge with the space station, something being done on a commercial basis for the very first time. this follows the successful launch, orbit, and in-tact recovery of a space x dragon capsule at the end of 2010. i have also seen sierra nevada's dream chaser vehicles in bolder, colorado. i've seen blue origin in washington. their launch system in the new shepherd vehicle that will fly experiments into suborbital space. i visited the new herossal integration facility that will support medium class mission capable with orbital as its first customer as part of the

mid-it theric regional space port, boeing will he launching a system in what was formerly our orbiting processor facility at kennedy. i visited lockheed martin in denver and seen first hand on their work on orion, our crew model for deep someplace exploration, so i feels very reel -- real to me and commercial companies makes us more secure as a nation. even as we facilitate industries' creation of this brand new job-creating sector or the economy, we're focusing on the capables for those big missions. american launch capability is going to be better than ever. we're upgrading our kennedy space center in florida, and making it more flexible so it can accommodate a wider range of users and we can win back some of the launch business we lost overseas. kennedy is going to launch the space launch system, our new heavy lift rocket, to carry humans to deep space.

at the stennis space center in mississippi, we're test firing components of the rockets, repurposing shuttle engineses and making the most of the work force and infrastructure we already possess to bring this massive project to reality in the coming decade. we envision a rocket capable of multiple missions and varying sizes of payloads so other users beside mass will benefit and the cost will be far less for all. president obama gave us a mission with a capital m to focus own exploration and the crucial research and development that will be required for us to move beyond the earth orbit. he charge he would us with carry ought the inspiring missions that only nasa can do, that will take us to ultimately a human mission to mars. ever since we got our road map

forward in the nasa thousand act of 2010. we will visit new places, launch cutting edge science missions and help develop the next generation of aviation systems from which we will all benefit. the president is asking to us harness the american spirit of innovation, the drive to solve problems and create capabilities is so imbedded in our story, and has led us to the moon, to great observatories, and to humans living and working in space, probably indefinitely. we strive to seed innovation. to facilitate the kind of environment where space robots, like the nasa general motors developed humanoid robot, called rt, will provide new technologies for row boat systems that create a human-like presence in space. r2, believe it or not, is accurately aboard the isf as the

first robotic crew member and it's doing normal tasks that used to be done by astronauts, menial tasks like running the vacuum cleaner and doing other kinds of things. it's easy to forget all the dollars we spend to get to space are spent right here on earth. that may seem obvious, but when you're talking about spacecraft hurdling millions of miles away into the solar system or 400 miles above us like the hubble space telescope, we must remember that it's people, people who designed and operate them. people are currently orbiting on the iss, 24/7, and they have been so for more than 11 years now. without interruption. and for those 11-plus years there has always been, always been at least one american crew member on the iss crew. many of the technologies we developed to explore have big impact to quality of life across the globe. one of the most tangible ways we

impact people's lives on a daily basis is in aeronautics. nasa is exploring new ways to manage air traffic, build more fuel efficient and environmentally friendly airlines and ensure aviation's outstanding safety record. u.s. companies are well positioned to build on discovery and knowledge resulting from nasa research. turning them into commercial products. improving the quality of life for everyone. providing new high-quality ennearing and manufacturing job opportunities and enabling the united states to remain competitive in the global economy. we're interested in the aircraft of the future, too. through our dream flight challenge, for instance, we recently awarded a prize to a company for its electric plane demonstration. nasa has supported development of the next generation air

transportation system, or -- in parter in ship wife dod, homeland security and faa through the jpdo. secure network centered operations are a key emphasis of nextgen which will be much more flexible than today's system. this means improved network communications among peoples and machines, aircraft and computers, involved in the air transportation system. autonomy will play a much greater role in nextgen, especially the use of unmanned aircraft systems. there's an increasing need to fly uas in the national air space mission to perform missions vital to science and enable her shall applications. mass says working with the same partners, dod, dhs, and faa to

iron out operational issues for easier access today of uas to the air space for public use missions. for the longer term, we're evaluating key technologies and concepts needed to integrate uas and civil air space. and generating data for regulators to support the development of strip gent uas air worthiness certification standards. we just completed development with other members of a national uas development program. this road map highlighted the joint partnerships' ongoing activities in coordination and is helping to set the course for needed future investments across the community. the longer term research will further enable the dod and dhs to operate uas and national air space for national security missions.

and enhance the technology available in the market place. another significant way that nasa contributes to national security is through its partnership with defense department and other space agencies around the world to track orbital debris and monitor space weather such as solar flares. knowing what is in space and what's going on is critical to dod as it migrates more high value capabilities to space. the ability to monitor systems and understand potential threats to these systems is a growing area of concern to the national security community. nasa's experience with both ground and space-based systems has the potential to assist dod in this growing mission area. nasa investment in improved send are sos, higher spatial resolution, broader area coverage and finer spectral coverage are some of the activities that have potential benefits. our orbital debris program

office at the johnson space center? houston has been working for 30 years to ensure that we're safe in space and on the ground. mass says playing a leading role in this effort for the entire government. the u.s. strategic command tracks 22,000 major pieces of space debris, and updates their status every eight hours in relation to the international space station. but nasa is aware of more than a million smaller pieces of debris. some of these article only we can see with our telescopes and other monitoring equipment and only we can characterize their environment and potential impacts. a collision several years ago shows that space is not as big as we once thought. the number of objects in space is growing. and we need to improve our catalogue and tracking ability. so far, we have been doing a pretty good job with the enormous quantity of data, but it's not just risk the iss.

we have also had to do avoidance maneuvers with some of our earth observation satellites and last year one satellite as well. given that these contribute to our health and well-being in many ways, from continuity of data, to rapid information about natural disasters, that most definitely qualifies as national security. when i first launched in space, the cold war was in its waning years but most of the fir generation of the space program was defined by that paradigm. i'm plowed to say i commanded our first joint shuttle mission with a russian cosmonaut as a mission specialist crew member. that mission, sts16, stands among many smilestones in space diplomacy and was a precursor to perhaps the crowning achievement of international cooperation of all times, the construction and operation of the international

space station by 16 nations, demonstrating the potential for space to unite is us a a world. something more than important today that ever. if everyone could see the world from space, see how it is one planet, without political borders, serene in its unity, perhaps there would be less conflict. while we're working on greater access to space, we're pursuing path of big missions and big projects that demand cooperation across our own government agencies here at home, and among nations, because any missions to mars or similar venture is going to take the expertise, the passion, and the resources of more than one nation. i'm the eternal optimist but i'm also a realist. we need to remain the leader in space exploration and the capables we are developing for those bigger missions, the commercial access to space, all

of this will only strengthen our position as the world's space exploration leader. any security without growth and jobs is tenuous. as president obama said in the "state of the union" address, we have to create an america built to last. there's no doubt that nasa creates good jobs. helps inspire the next generation of science and technology leaders, and gives students hands-on access to missions, spacecraft, and robotic design and many other experiences they can't get anywhere else. we have also placed a high prooater on hiring veterans when they return from service. nasa is a natural fit for them. they rev been flying vehicles, controlling uavs, managing and repairing satellites, and analyzing data already. they know a lot about our nation's security needs, and we'll need their skills to help us reach new heights in the

decades to come. we want them to translate what they have already done on the front lines of combat and military service to the front lines of creating a bright future for our nation's space program. the technological benefits from an expansive 21st century program will be considerable. but that program also has a human face. it's all of you here today as well as the brave men and women who have sacrificed their lives to expand human potential. it's those who currently dedicate their lives and their passion to keeping us safe and make life better through space. they're the new astronaut class. we just graduated this past november. who will be the first to climb aboard those commercial rockets and perhaps the first to set foot on mars. they're my granddaughters and the students to whom i spoke last week at morgan state

university, who are passionate, passionate, about science, technology, space, and aviation. they want to make the world a better place. it's up to us to pave the way for them, and keep their dreams alive. i'm optimistic about their future, and i hope you share my passion and my enthusiasm. thanks so much for allowing me to be with you and i hopefully will have time to answer some of your questions. thank you. [applause] >> we already have a few questions. if you have others, would you please pass them to the aisle and the sergeant at arms will collect them. first, used to be a reporter.

>> uh-oh. >> i wonder if you could comment on the possible politicization of space. we had a candidate for president this week who used space as part of his campaign platform and said we would even colonize the movement what say you to that? >> i say it's interesting to be quite on as a space buff, i'm glad to see any political candidates mention space in their campaign speeches, because it puts this important area in front of the american public. now, what our responsibility is, is to talk about what is realistic, what is on the horizon, and the like. i think the road or the path that the president and congress and the 2010 authorization act have set us on is pretty much in keeping with what you have heard all the candidates talk about with some limitations.

>> okay. if you have other questions, just bring them on up. there's been voiced some concern about the state of u.s. education. you touched on your training as an electrical engineer. that somehow we're getting behind in science, technology, engineering and math, which could have implications on our national security and the space program. how would you respond to that? >> mass -- nasa shares that concern but i tell people, we are not, repeat, not, the department of education, but we have more content that is available with any other federal agency. we can put a student in front of a tv and let them talk to astronauts on the international space station orbiting earth any day of the week. we can bring out a space suit. so many things we can do to inspire kids to geted into in

science, math, technology, and that's what we do. with hey a summer of innovation we introduced two years ago as a pilot and we're going into the third year this summer. it's focus opened middle school students and their teachers, because nasa recognizes that we have to start somewhere earlier than high school. high school is too late. we would love to go to elementary schools but we can't. so we focused on middle school kids and they're teachers. we want to have them become familiar with science and math and engineering they can tell their students an engineer is not the first guy in the train. that engineering is a field of endeavor that designs, builds, dreams, and makes the future better for all of us, and that will not be afraid to stand in front of a group of students and talk about science, math, and engineering. >> you mention in your remarks the reliance of nasa and our space program on innovation and development in the private

industrial sector. yet we are going through now a prolonged recession that industry has been as much affected as the individual american citizen of the world. has that retarded our development of the innovation for the necessary to continue space exploration? i would. >> i would say not. we have been slowed. if you look for the budget for 2012 we were somewhat disappointed with the amount of money we got for the commercial crew development program. we got a little bet less than what the president asked for what what he asked for was a little bet less than what we knew we needed. so my job is to get us off dependence on the russias and

sew use, they're a very reliable partner but right now we have no redundancy in getting our crews to and from the international space station. that's not good. so we need to have an american capability to do that. we will invest in that capable ity. we will provide the seed money and i encourage you to follow them, and some companies you know, boeing, lockheed, atd, some you may have never heard awesome talk about sierra nevada, a great military contract are for decades not very well nope for their work in space. not on a broad basis. blue origin in washington state. jeff bezos, the found over amazon who is building his capsule, and he says the first people to go are going to be him and his son. so he is not on any particular timetable. but there are very innovative

commercial entities coming on, and this year we'll fly to two capsules, dragon, from space x, and cignus to the international space station to carry cargo and hopefully have crew in the next three to five years. >> our space program was really born out of a perceived international threat. back in the '50s with sputnik and launching the space race, the race to the moon. now potential our only other superpower adversary, china, is embarking on a space program and your counterpart is the general officer in the chinese army. is that a threat? what are the defense implications of the spaces race? >> this might be controversy and my director or communications

would probably be sweating right now. don't view the chinese as a threat in space. they're come tent and capable. they have a -- the first part of a human-tended space station, and it's a soyuz space capsule they use to carry crews to earnhardt. ...

we will probably partner with them and advance the cause of human exploration but we have to be careful as we were with the soviets who are now the russians >> of the uniformed services believe has been the united states air force in the programs. with the looming reductions in the defense budget and to each of the services and the air

force what are the implications on the space program in nasa? >> the biggest implication for us, and we really try to coordinate among the dod, the security community the biggest challenge for all of us right now is the launching environment and the affordable vehicles where all of us are about to be priced out of the market. to bring from the introduction of commercial access to space is awarding of the launch cost of the security apparatus, dod and particularly for many of our science missions, so we are working together, we are all facing the same problems. it is a national with security issue. we have to modernize the infrastructure because we work cooperatively all the time. we were talking about the work of the kennedy space center. there is nothing better than the

kennedy space center slash cape canaveral to see where d.o.t. and mazel work hand-in-hand in launching each other spacecraft and that is national security, so why am encouraged but we have to work on relaunching infrastructure. >> thank you very much. we have to presenters for you. first is the 90th anniversary commemorative coin would call them a adult pogs and a gift from us. a good thing in small packages and thank you very much. [applause]

one of the programs of the reserve officers association is an ongoing defense education forum, which are capably led by robert fiedler. we are representing upwards of 70 of these defense education forums per year, mostly in the national capital region and most in our minuteman building and we are bringing together the great minds, researchers and policy makers in the think tanks of washington, d.c. and the nation in our legislative branch, the executive branch, and the defense establishment. one of our frequent faculty presenters, and one of the most respected and most voted analysts of national defence is

michael o'hanlon in a senior fellow of the brookings institute. he shares with director general petraeus a ph.d. from princeton in public and international affairs. a senior fellow in the foreign policy of the brookings institution. he specializes in defense strategy, the use of military force, homeland security, and american foreign policy. he is a visiting lecturer at princeton and an adjunct professor at johns hopkins, and a member of the international institute for strategic studies. i present to you michael o'hanlon. [applause] >> good morning everyone. it's great to be with you.

it's a little humbling to the following general petraeus and the administrator who is deployed to places like afghanistan and iraq and space and i usually deplore to the library but i appreciate your willingness to put up with me and i will try to be brief and get a little conversation going because we have a number of subjects and i'm honored to be speaking before my good friend michelle flournoy who i know will give a very important speech today as the administration unveils a very important new defense strategy budget and that's where i want to go in my remarks is straight to that topic. with generally the supportive words about where the administration is going but with a few questions and concerns and in the interest of conversation i'm going to focus on the latter. let me also say how much of an honor it is to be with you. and i know we have leaders from yesterday, today and tomorrow in this group who are so the interested in our national security to do so much to sacrifice so much for it and as a civilian i can only again

humble lee say how much i appreciate and at my ear what you do for our nation so thank you for that great privilege. now let me talk about where we stand with the defense budgets and the thrust of my comment is i think the administration is generally on the right track looking for defense savings in the range of the 400 billion to $500 billion over a decade. and just for those who are not following this debate in as much excruciating detail as some of us who live inside the beltway would remind remind you those reductions are in addition to the major savings expected as we are drawing down our forces from the war of course we are a essentially out of iraq and we are beginning the downsize in afghanistan that will be a slow process and so i think there's a chance we will keep 10,000 to 20,000 u.s. forces in afghanistan even after 2014. but any event, the drawdown has begun and we are down to 90,000 u.s. troops after being at

100,000 last year, and we are down to virtually zero in iraq after being as high as 170,000 so we are getting savings after that and in addition we are looking at close to half a trillion dollars in savings as a result of the administration's budget would actually is a result of wall as the congress drove because last august budget control act required as a downpayment on the deficit reduction that we have cuts of that magnitude. as we know we might not begin to the discussion the possibility of the sequestration could double those cuts and could add another 500 -- excuse me, another 500 billion to the existing plan for the reduction and in fact, the current law requires it. sequestration, meaning sort of an automatic cut in defense spending level is already built wall of the land. a sort of happened accidentally or i should say inadvertently not a desired fashion but it is

currently below all of the land and therefore we have to worry for those of us who think it goes too far that it may still happen. the administration budget that is being unveiled right now doesn't presume sequestrations of there's a little bit of an oxymoron in the sense the administration and the president signed allow all that now is the result of the failure of the last fall super kennedy mandate sequestration and yet the administration isn't planning on the sequestration as a matter of current policy or as a matter of its current budget submission to the congress that comes forth next month. it's a little confusing for those of you that are not following it in detail but it's worth pointing out we are living in an ambiguous. we don't really know where things are headed. but i want to do briefly today is explain why i think the initial cut, the 400 to 500 billion in the cuts in the administration is assuming and is supporting is a good idea. why sequestration would however

be a bad idea is the administration i think has not gone quite far enough in finding those savings and that is the main critical point i want to make today in the spirit of provoking conversation. maybe it can involve some of your discussion with undersecretary flournoy, but i think it is going to be on the mind of lawmakers and presidential campaigns for the next few months because of the administration has done i believe is to essentials and to understate the way all administrations to holocaust of its current defense program so when it calculates savings it is doing so for many unrealistic optimistic vantage point and we are not making deep enough cuts to accomplish the targets that are in law. what this means if i'm right, and i've done my own independent calculations and i don't understand to have it done perfectly accurately but i try to use the best i learned in

those rich would school days with the major petraeus we were taking courses together and then where i went on next was the congressional budget office and i wanted to show these calculations in my book called the wounded giant and you have to go a little deeper and make more significant comebacks to achieve the budget goals that are now in the budget control act even with all sequestration. you might see why bother making such a fault about an accounting difference and arithmetic difference. the reason is the nation is rethinking the question of the strategy. a lot of people are focused on it. we should make good use of this moment and the problem is if you make the cuts piecemeal after the fact year after year after year you wind up doing it in a somewhat less strategic way. i think the nation has generally done a good job with its new thinking there are a couple of areas i think it might need to go further and i just want to lay out a couple of those. i know we don't have much time

and i want to have much of the conversation with you in the remaining 25 minutes we have in the session so let me lay out a couple of the ideas i think should be more central in the administration's strategy and i will finish with one that is near and dear to your hard ridges the role of the reserve component especially planning for future possible ground force. and just to t of where i'm going to go with that as many of you know the administration has proposed we no longer need to be ready for the simultaneous, wars. i would be a change that has not previously been seen in 60 years of american defense policy ever since korea we have been planning for a least two ground war at a time in the cold war it was the cold war in europe against the soviet bloc and then another somewhere in asia be it korea, china, vietnam, maybe something else. since the cold war ended we typically focus on north korea

in iraq. north korea remains the problem. iraq is still a problem in other ways but i would submit that things have changed enough in iraq and in a broad middle east and the administration is correct to change our basic construct in the simultaneously and worse to the one plus the ability to ramp up quickly. i not sure they have gone far enough and how they change the structure for the army and the marine corps as a result. i want to talk about the media and you can consider this equal opportunity in sort of equal a kindness on my part towards each service. i'm going to try to be ecumenical and broadbased the media and the service like all four of our military services around lubold, however, a skid sort of fun skated in this budget process frankly. to stay at 11 the only changes

to the navy shipbuilding programs are pretty much just some delays in things like submarine building. nothing major in terms of any program being fundamentally we thought, and i am a little worried that this isn't being provocative enough. i think the navy actually has one big idea at least that they should consider, and i know a lot of you have bought about this and can give me many reasons why it's hard and i've been talking to me the people and i understand why it's hard but i think the time has come for something called seat swap. what this means is that the two crews share a given ship on the employment in other words up until now as you all know and many of you have been involved one way or another the navy has always kept one crew with one ship. that crew is essentially formed at the beginning of the tour, two or three of the various sailors. it trains up in american waters, starts dillinger longer training missions babies of america for

the drug related thing or somewhere off the coasts of north america and then finally it sets off on six month deployment to bequeath to the persian gulf or the western pacific or the old days the mediterranean. and then it comes back so the sealers are never away from their home port more than six months of the time. that's the way the navy likes to operate. unfortunately i think this wastes a lot of time in transit. i know sometimes the ocean transit or used for purposes we do exercises with allies etc. but for the most part it's a lot of time that's fairly and productive and when you do the math, and this isn't my mouth, this is the navy. the navy needs five or six ships in the fleet to keep one on station. it's not a ratio that we should be paul reading or that's good enough for the fiscal times in which we live. we are deploying billion dollar warships all over the world with this fairly and efficient way of using them and i think that it's time to stop wasting but transit

each way and at least for the surface combatants i'm not proposing this for the aircraft carrier with five balls and people on a ship could be daunting but for the service combatants that typically have 300 people on a ship i think it's time that we actually start flying the crew which is trained on one shift in u.s. waters to meet up with the ship over in japan or somewhere else on the other side of the world and their crew swap. you may have a small residual crew that stays on to help with the transition, but if you look at the analyses of the navy's think tanks like the center for naval analysis this gives you 35% more mission deployed ability per ship. that's the kind of ideal we need to consider in these kind of fiscal times because like the title of my book says, we are a wounded giant right now. the world needs to be a leader and to be the leader for all the talk of china and its impressive qualities it cannot be a multinational coalition or

alliance system. beau 60 come 65 allies in the world but like to work with us. the chinese basically have north korea. there is a reason for this. for all of the failings, we have an open political system and decades of experience working with our allies even when they disagree with us as they often do they feel they can disagree in an open and transparent way. they understand our motives and they basically trust our intentions. i hope the chinese will get there. i'm a big believer in the hopeful person about the trajectory as well just like the administrator but they are not there yet. nobody else can help sustain the international stability that we all depend on for posterity, nuclear non-proliferation and other tasks except the united states so we are a wounded giant. we have to get better and reduce our deficit. defense needs to play a role and we have to seize the moment to think of creative ways for the pentagon to contribute. another idea and again and conscious of the times when we to go quickly with apologies if i'm going to quickly for some of

these ideas you can come after me in discussion and i will give you one more fall and then the national component issue in the of war capability question the i mentioned before. let me talk a little bit of the nuclear forces. nuclear forces are still very important to american security. i think we have to be careful about keeping our arsenal reliable and safe and also on parity with russia because while we don't think the united states and russia are going to be adversaries and i don't think we need to worry much about the details of our single integrated operational plan for war plan for fighting the russians is a sort of legacy of the cold war i don't think the details matter very much. i do think that we want to avoid giving mr. vladimir putin and any other russian nationalist to might look to nuclear forces to revitalize their sense of russia we want to avoid giving them any hint or any suggestion we are somehow conceding to them the

trapping of the superpower. i'm not suggesting we get in their space and expand nato again and that sort of thing but i do believe that on the nuclear forces we have to be careful about not drawing down unilaterally and we also need the arsenal to be safe and reliable, however, even if you mandate or premise the basic qualities in a nuclear arsenal you can save a lot of money i believe by doing some things differently because i don't think it matters that much each and every detail of the fighting plan of our integrated operational plan. for example instead of sailing 14 submarines with ballistic missiles on them and a sister reading the war had under the new s.t.a.r.t. treaty under the 14 platforms i would reduce of eight ships. they have the capacity and they were designed to be able to carry enough warheads to meet our new stores ceilings even with just eight ships very safely and that is how we can

save money and similarly we can actually do that and reduce the icbm force and have we can have a good debate about reducing the force. i'm not sure that we should do it but it's the kind of debate we should be having. the obama strategy and budget documents are all little bit careful on this issue however. they're responsible for the nation's security and the time of war and they are in oregon and a presidential campaign where the republicans are already criticizing them for these limited cutbacks that are being proposed. but nonetheless it is a moment when i think we need to shake things up a little because if we owned get our deficit in shape we aren't going to be a great power in two or five years or the global dominant power in ten or 20 years with the we want to be or not. the 24 verses the 14 capability and i talking a planned for. i do think that we need simultaneous crisis responsibilities for the persian gulf and the western pacific in

terms of maritime or air threats. most of our concerns in those regions are now centered around iran and the persian gulf on the one hand on one defeat, china and the western pacific on the other they are not primarily scenarios that would involve large-scale ground combat operations. when the threats have shifted in the nature promote the use to be which is part of why i'm in favor shifting ourselves from eight to land or to the body to a one landmark capability. if you're going to do that one land war i admit you have to be pretty darned careful to make sure you have more than enough capability to do it right because you can no longer rely on the second passage for the second time the typical war to beef up your first mission if things go wrong. so you better give yourself an added margin of insurance. you also better assume you are going to be involved in small or operations around the world in places where even if we are tired of the counter insurgency, tired of stabilization we may

need to do that whether we like it or not. typically as a part of the coalition. but still in a difficult demanding prolonged way i can imagine scenarios we stay in afghanistan with ten or the 20,000 troops until 2020. i can imagine scenarios we wind up like it or not and syria with a nato coalition trying to defend the innocent civilians of the president slaughter and right now in increasing numbers to read like imagining mission in yemen for a somewhat similar purpose. the basic notion that we can somehow dismiss the possibility of difficult counterinsurgency operations because we are all a little tired of it right now and it is no longer the flavor of the national security debate is a trend we have to be nervous about and careful about. i'm not suggesting that we just jump on the bandwagon and to clear the era of the land for fair over. i'm talking about a more marginal shift. even if we go from to win for us

to the one land war at a time we need to do several additional things you buy and ticking them off to quickly finish and then look forward to your question. one, we have to have a simultaneous capability for the smaller missions i just mentioned the would typically be part of the collisions, typically more on the spirit of stabilization obligations not major ground war% but we better assume they can occur and i favor y call 81 plus two framework precise in the ground force. the to prolonged multinational civilization missions. i admitted somewhat arbitrary as opposed to the one or the three. but nonetheless, based on the recent history of seems a prudent basis for the planning and i think that each one of these stabilization missions could involve several american brigades over a longer and extended period of time and we have learned the hard way many of you have learned the hard way

and the rest of us didn't anticipate well enough the these missions in places like iraq and afghanistan take a long time to finish once they get going and we need a total force capability to handle several brigades of the planet for a long time. while we are also capable of handling about one war on the korean peninsula. as a caveat number one, condition number one, ready for other missions. condition number two, you better be able to ramp up fast if one begins an all-out war you have to start jury about the rest of your force right away. you don't wait and hope for the best. you start to really put your capability so that no other would-be aggressors around the old seize an opportunity at that moment and what that means is you mobilize part of the national guard's combat brigade capability. other aspects of the reserve component might be quickly mobilized. really on the preventive

prophylactic days is not because there is any other acute concern at the moment but because you want to send a message and then you also start increasing the size of the active army and marine corps at that moment. but if you do those things in here is where i will finish. i think we can go to a somewhat smaller active army and marine corps band obama administration is currently in pending. as you know we can go to 480,000 soldiers. 182,000 marines. i think these numbers are at one level reasonable, but they are able bit too high for right thought necessary to meet the budget targets and they are higher than what we need to be if we make proper use of the reserve component while recognizing more of our threats have shifted to the maritime domain to the areas of the persian gulf and the western pacific not quite as much to the sands of mesopotamia because for better or worse they doubled in the future, iraq and other major companies in the middle east are unlikely to drag this into the

large war. as we think that by making the greater use frankly of the institutions that you represent and have served within and embodied and can tell us so much about i think that we can actually make a greater use of this asset in the way that the director was discussing how we can do in the last decade and reshaped the total force package with a little greater reliance on the reserve component than we have so far. i think the active army could lend it at 450,000 bolivia active marine corps of 160,000 these would be reasonable members as long as we recognize the asset we have and all of you. i don't want to push the argument too far. we shouldn't be when you out of your communities and the existing reserve component shouldn't be pulling people out of their communities come out of their lives frequently. we need to do this and careful way. but i think looking at the full range of threats to the country including the threat of the debt it makes sense to try to use the

portfolio of active reserve in a way that favors the research component a little more than we have so far. with that i look forward to your comments and questions. thank you. [applause] typically provocative. again, if you have questions pass them to the center of law and all and we will collect them and peter will hand them out to me as he has staff already building. i will kick things off. this may be done in the weeds a little bit if you already picked on gun me feel a little bit. why do we need the carriers with 5,000 people in the catapult in the rescuing year when we are currently embarked on the most expensive defense acquisition program with the f35 and the short takeoff and vertical

landing capability of the f35 is pretty close to the carrier and air force and those on the small ships why do we need big carriers and -- >> it's a question i think that over the long term and i'm glad to see some of the young people during your lifetime on behalf fundamental debates about the large aircraft carrier was the right thing to keep investing in i think it remains a formidable asset. it continues to be dominant in the kind of capabilities of adversaries that we see in the persian gulf and the western pacific and by the way if we wind up and operation of those two places as you know, allied land access is sometimes limited in terms of where we cannot read f 35 for the aircraft. in terms of the f35 which i admire as an aircraft i think we should purchase i think the problem is that it's not so clear that you really have a greater cost efficiency

operating the ship. you can put a couple dozen aircraft on the flat deck that's costing in the past 6 billion persuaded the extra money working cost and any event it is roughly three mines as many airplanes per ship and i am not sure you change the cost calculus that much for talking about. talking about the death 35c or s on the traditional big carriers. but i do think there are ways to save more very briefly. i don't think any to have only major ships doing much in the mediterranean any more than the threats there are not great enough to warrant the capability built by the big flat deck. they should focus on the persian gulf and the western pacific which is why i'm in favor of

going down on the number of the flat tax on the traditional variety putative >> du mengin the ramp up of capabilities and the use of the reserve force for the ramp up and it's a holding capability. what are the implications for the size, the training and then and equipping and the law that enabled the mobilization on the reserve force? >> there are a number of things he would have to do to make sure the reserve component. but i think in terms of the legal and policy framework we've learned a lot in the last ten years. most of what we need to figure out how to do, we figured it out. you figured out frankly, and you actually dealt with the difficulty. the challenge here is the human cost, the human transition of figuring out how do you make life in the senator compatible

to be a reserve component. i know that there have been ships, huge ships and how the reserve component thinks about service and how you. fet does have done it. there are some long it ongoing issues that have to be addressed but frankly if you have a big war that begins you have to have some kind of a congressional resolution ideally to offer is that and that of sent me story be the legal language we've not delivered the last decade. it is the human side, and that is up to you. you have shown us how to do it. we try to learn those lessons and i think we are capable of doing that again if we need to. >> to pile on that a bit, in the coming budget cuts, should our cuts to the incentive programs and benefits like health care and retirement for the reserve force on the table?

>> i think the answer has to be as and in fact i've been gratified to see many people in the military. i think you need to have an important voice in this. we needed balance in how we maintain our sacred of all as a nation with an all volunteer military even in cases where some of you were not as a surly volunteers when you joined you still risk your lives on behalf of the nation and we owe you a huge crowd of attitude -- debt of gratitude what seemed to guide secretary panetta we have to make the changes gradually and make sure we don't cut across the board and all benefits. we have to think hard about people who have been affected by the war the most, the wounded warrior, their families, the survivors, make sure that we are fair to them why also think it is time for a bit of a reallocation of more of the benefits towards the younger military personnel who do one or

two tours and four of whom most of the benefits haven't been accruing and frankly i feel we can save some money and do better by the younger generation and the shorter term and in a gradual way that it does not disproportionate and adversely affect people who've been counting on the benefits. one last word on this spigot even the white in favor of rethinking the military pensions, military health care, tricare for life etc. it's a little trolling to me that we are getting this whole locomotive going full steam while we haven't yet gone away to talk about the broad social security reform and medicaid and medicare reform of the nation at large. in other words if we are still -- we need to ask everyone for the collective sacrifice, and it doesn't really make sense to focus on the entitlement benefits and the retiree benefits of those who have served at the time it is politically untouchable to focus on the other 90% who haven't served. [applause]

south america, central america had not been the center of the defense establishment radar scoop over time but we have it as the nexus of marco terrorists and continent wide populist movement that is changing by government. hugo chavez is rumored to be on the last years of his life. what do you see as the implications of this hemisphere in the national defence? >> that's a great question to the is finnegan homeland security and immigration. spigot all comes together. an answer needs to touch all that. i have to be brief and not as comprehensive as i should be but i would begin by saying there is a lot of great stuff going on in latin america we need to be grateful for the same moment we are troubled by the violence and the drug war and we have seen an

incredible wave of democratization in latin america. in many ways you could say it was the precursor along with what happened in eastern europe to the air of a revolution for the awakening of your seeing unfold right now to the number of latin american countries that went democratic in the 1980's and the early 90's is astounding and it is essentially now a space hemisphere north and south america. this is i think on the balance extremely good news. we have also seen a couple of the democracies like columbia get on bubble and figure out how to use their space process to find leaders who can make a meaningful difference in their violence and in the violence that affects us, too. we've also seen president obama and one of his more significant accomplishments has been to ignore chavez. he tried in the first few months to say hello to him at that one meeting and was a little uncomfortable and some people thought he smiled too much and some people felt not enough he hasn't really spoken about him since and it is the perfect way

to handle him who else to say in one way or another is on the way out and i just don't see him gaining any popularity in the region in a message that is broken is one of the highest rates in the entire hemisphere even though it is one of the greatest resources he is a field leader and on that issue i am not as worried about him but we still have big problems in mexico, and mexico has a political system that is functioning okay in some ways having figgers democratic debates and they did some things with their overall approach towards the drug war and the current leadership that in many ways minnick what general petraeus did in iraq and afghanistan. but they haven't managed to turn the corner and they have to be very analytical and how we think about what is needed next. the mexicans will make the decision but one thing we have to think about in this country is what can we do to help the mexicans by way of reasonable gun control measures, and i am

not talking about taking guns out of the hands of law-abiding americans. i'm talking not tracking the sales of the automatic weapons much more effectively than we do today because those account for about 80% of the violence in mexico and we owe our southern neighbor a bit of an obligation to think hard about what the next steps may aid in their problems. >> the country that hasn't been mentioned in the first two hours of the symposium is perhaps our most apparent fred and adversary and potential nuclear power and that is iran. how does iran figured into your calculus of the national security? >> get figures and initially i don't believe we can too much about the balancing to the east asia and the administration of course i think has done a good job reminding the east asian allies that we, are there.

we are there and we are committed. we are not going to cut. i have some doubts about the current oh-la-la plan but we can talk about the other day. in broad terms it is correct that we should not be cutting out our ogle capabilities in the western pacific. but at the same time you can't push the argument too far because whether you want to get out of the middle east or not drugs you back. and there are times we get involved in the war of choice and it's the dependency on middle east in terms of oil and gas and stopping the nuclear nonproliferation and that is why my argument and the wounded giant book and what i try to underscore today we have to under view of the persian gulf as well as the broad middle east and the western pacific as equally important theaters of the future military focus. there are a lot of ways to conduct of the specifics of where the crisis may go in the next few months and i will leave that to other speakers and other sections of the symposium realizing we don't have much time right now but i think as a

matter of defense planning, we cannot and must not understate the centrality of the persian gulf. so the rebalancing to asia has been good up to a point because it reminded countries in that region including china that we are still very much a pacific power of this region is as important as any other as the future national security and has a lot positive going on for it right now. that makes it important to stay involved. but the middle east while it has positive things, too has problems like iran to make it impossible to ignore and it has to be an equally important locus of the future american defense planning as the pacific in the coming decades. >> dr. o'hanlon, think you very much for the provocative look at the defense establishment. [applause] we have a couple of gifts for

you. one is our coin and a thank you gift as you go forward and do the great thinking of the brookings institution and continue to be your conscience in the defense's double edge. >> thanks.

if the imf is right the guy that you collect next november will be the last president of the united states to president of the leading economy.

>> homeland security secretary janet napolitano says u.s. immigration always are outdated but her department is doing the best it can to secure the borders under the current law. she also said mistakes were made in the fast and furious program as the operation in which weapons were sold to mexican drug cartels. she spoke about the state of homeland security of the national press club for an hour. >> good afternoon, and welcome to the national press club. my name is theresa and i am the 105th president of the national press club. we are the world's leading professional organization for journalists committed to our profession's future through our programming such as this one this afternoon while fostering a free press worldwide. for more information about the national press club, please

visit our web site out www.press.org. to donate to programs offered to the public for our national journalism library, please visit www.press.org/library. also wanted to let you know that washington, d.c. has declared this week by proclamation national press club weeks of things all of you for joining us today. [applause] on behalf of our members worldwide, i would like to welcome our speaker and those of you attending today's event. our head table includes guests of the speaker as well as working journalists who are members, and if you hear applause from the audience, noted that members of the general public or attending so it's not necessarily evidence of a lack of journalistic object of the. i'd also like to welcome our c-span and public radio audiences, or luncheons are also

featured on the member produced weekly podcast from the national press club available on itunes. you can also follow the action on the atwitter using #npclunch. i will ask as many times as question permits. i'd like to introduce the head table guest and i'd like each of you here to stand up briefly as i announce your name from your right, ron, washington correspondent for the kuwait news agency, peggy or trotsky, congressional outlook magazine. eileen salon.com counterterrorism reporter associated press, andrea stone, senior national correspondent, huffingtonpost.com adel well, donna, usa today and press president. the managing editor of "the washington post," allyson

fitzgerald, speaker committee chair and i'm going to skip the speaker for a moment. we had the principal of the communications and the speaker committee member organizer thank you. david, editor, homeland security today and the former president. chapman, bloomberg, and mark, director of communications, washington, d.c. harris corporation and former spokesperson for u.s. immigration and customs enforcement think you all for joining us today. [applause] i am pleased to welcome the speaker the secretary of the united states department of homeland security janet napolitano. as the secretary of the the problem of land security napolitano leads our nation's collective effort for terrorism threats and natural disasters.

should deliver her second annual state of america homeland security address. as just a third person in history to hold the position, secretary napolitano oversees the department with an evolving and wide-ranging vision and coordinates the government responses to an increasingly complex and interrelated array of threats. the department's concern ranges from border security and immigration enforcement to disaster preparedness, response and recovery as well as the growing field of sleeper security. a secretary napolitano's tenure of the homeland security has been notable for her efforts to address all of these threats by forging the the new partnerships with international allies, expanding information sharing with state and local law enforcement and building a collaborative effort to detect and destruct, district for its early on. at the same time secretary napolitano has implemented a groundbreaking department why

the efficiency review that is aimed at reducing the costs improving efficiency and streamlining operations in order to build a lean, smarter agency that is better equipped to protect the nation in the era where there is a growing focus on how the federal dollar is spent, vice presidential biden recently called the department of, and security efficiency review a model effort for other agencies. before she was nominated by president obama to lead the department of homeland security, is a gutter napolitano was twice elected governor of arizona. she was the first woman to chair the national governors' association and was named one of the top five governors in the country by "time" magazine. prior to that, secretary napolitano served as the u.s. attorney for the district of arizona and was the first female attorney general of arizona. please come join me in welcoming secretary janet napolitano to the national press club. [applause]

thank you for the introduction and for the warm welcome. it's great to be back at the national press club. i want to thank all of you for coming. you know, established nearly nine years ago, the department of homeland security is still a relatively young agency. its creation represents one of the most sizable reorganizations within the department of government since the department of war and the part of the navy were combined to create the department of the defense we project a year land and sea borders and increasingly cyberspace. a guard against terrorist attacks and groups like al qaeda and homegrown extremists the reprehend human traffickers and other criminals and they protect the president and vice president and held thousands of immigrants become new citizens of the united states. today the dhs has over 230,000

employees working to ensure the safety and security of the american people. and jobs that ranged from law enforcement officers and agents to disaster response coordinator is from those who make sure our waterways stay open to those who make sure our sky remains safe. the men and women of the dhs are committed to their mission, and on behalf of the president i would like to think everyone of them for their service to the [applause] as i have said many times, homeland security begins with hometown security. and it's part of our commitment to the hometown security we've worked to get resources out of washington and into the hands of state and local officials and first responders. we have made great progress in bridging or domestic capabilities to detect and prevent terrorist attacks against our people, our communities and our critical

infrastructure. we supported the nation's network of 72 fusion centers increasing our ability to analyze and distribute threat information across the country. we've invested in training for local law enforcement interest responders of all types in order to increase expertise and capacity at the local level. we work with a vast array of partners all local law enforcement to the private sector to community leaders across the country to read all of whom are committed to doing their part to help keep america safe coming and we will continue to build on those efforts. at the same time, we have worked to protect americans from natural disasters last year we solid samples of resilience grounded in this work. weasel communities across the country bounce back from a number of disasters from hurricane i mean to fires in the southwest to the flooding along

the mississippi and the missouri river to the devastating tornadoes that hit the midwest and the south. the tornado that struck missouri last may level countless houses and businesses, destroyed most of the schools and killed more people than any tornadoes since 1953. yet within days the school superintendent announced school would start on time this fall, and it did. local health officials announced at the hospital would be rebuilt, and will be. the city manager was already drawing up plans to rebuild the city's downtown currently under way. i can relate similar stories from alabama to connecticut from new england to north dakota. as we have seen time and again, americans are by nature a resilient people. our role is to be part of the team that fosters that resilience and to strive to continue doing our job better and more efficiently.

our experience over the past seven years as biggest smarter about the threats we face and how best to deal with them. we have learned that we can apply different protocols in different cases depending on the information that we possess by both the individual situation and a different environment as a whole. for instance, not every traveler or piece of cargo poses the same level of risk to our security. the key to evaluating potential risk is information. by sharing and leveraging information we can make informed decisions about how to best mitigate risk, and the more that we know, the better we can become a providing security that is seamless and efficient. we can free at more spending resources to those threats or individuals. we are bound to encounter but may not know much about the unknown unknown. think of it this way. if we have to look for the needle in a haystack it makes

sense to use all of the information we have about the pieces of hate to make the haystack smaller. this approach not only makes us safer but also creates efficiencies within the system of travellers and for businesses. good, thoughtful, sensible security by its very nature facilitates lawful travel and legitimate commerce. simply put, our homeland security and our economic security go hand in hand, and accordingly security measures show the greatest extent possible the designed to facilitate the safe and efficient movement of people and goods by securing our critical infrastructure. the movement of people and goods and ideas has always driven the development of the nation's and provided opportunities by economic growth and prosperity. in recent years, globalization has brought more diversity to a world trade. within the american economy, trade with our international partners accounts for roughly

one-quarter of our gdp. in other words, our economy is dependent on our ability to secure and facilitate the flow of people to and from our shores. from any part of the world has the ability to impact the flow of goods and people thousands of miles away. passengers originating in gana or carvel from yemen can threaten a plan bound for the united states and massive flooding in thailand can drive up the global price of computer hard drives just as an earthquake and tsunami in japan can grind assembly lines and american also plans to recall it. we must therefore continue to look both within and beyond our physical borders and develop strategies from threats that can originate both here at home or on the other side of the world. as the federal department charged with regulating the flow of people in goods in and out of

the country the dhs has been transforming how we approach the relationship between security and trade this transition will be a key ongoing focus for the department in 2012. our drive to a risk-based information driven approach to security where what we know about the piece of cargo or passenger allows us to assess the risk and identify threats of the earliest possible moment. we must recognize that the security and efficiency are not mutually exclusive. while decreasing the wait times, expediting travel and keeping the costs down. and we know we can't because we are already doing so. this year alone dhs will help facilitate about $2 trillion in legitimate trade while enforcing the u.s. trade law that protect the economy, the health and

safety of the american people. so, how are we going to go about strengthening security even more while expediting trade and travel? one key way is to address the traveler and the trusted shipper programs. they rely on the mutually agreed upon information sharing which allows us to know more about a traveler or piece of cargo before it begins its journey. at the same time these programs provide economic benefits for the individual countries and companies involved by expediting the movement of the goods and people are critical to their business. the global entry programs that allow us to expedite entry into the united states for the preapproved low risk travelers. more than 1 million passengers have already joined the global gentry and president obama recently announced we will be expanding the program in 2012 as a part of the administration efforts to foster travel and

tourism. we've been expanding the tsa pre-checking, a domestic trust of trouble initiative that enhances security by allowing us to focus on the passengers we know less about and those who are considered high risk while providing expedited screening for travelers who volunteered information about themselves prior to the flight. preaching is currently available to u.s. citizens who are already members of existing trusted traveler programs as well as eligible airline frequent fliers. but recheck passengers may be referred to the lane where they want to go expedited screening which can include the longer having to remove shoes, laptops, jackets or belts. efforts like tsa and present an important evolution in the way that we handle the airline security and as we shift away from the one-size-fits-all model of passenger screening to one that is risk-based.

and what is critical is that both of these initiatives strengthen security while expediting travelers we know most about. we are applying the same concept in the area of carter security. as part of these initiatives we now allow the participating shivers to screen air cargo hauling them to support the 100% screening requirements of the 9/11 act for the cargo transport on the passenger aircraft. we are reviewing the partners cargo screening to determine whether their programs provide a level of security commensurate with the united states air cargo standards. it goes to meet the requirements are officially recognized to conduct a screening for the travelling into the u.s.. we are also working with more than 80 countries to prevent the illegal theft or diversion of the pri's precursor chemicals that can be used to make an improvised explosive devices or ivies. for these people ready seized more than 62 metric tons of

these materials and we are partnering with the international trade community to provide expedited processing for companies that undergo extensive bedding and meet strict criteria. like last week i announced the administration wide effort on the global supply chain's security that to build off of these programs. this new strategy represents a whole nation approach to the global supply chain systems with too explicit goals. promoting the efficient and secure mifsud of goods and fostering the really and supply chain systems. our efforts will be guided by three principles. we'll find smarter cost-effective ways to address security threats and maximize the resources and expertise from across the united states. we will foster the nation approach to leverage the critical role paid by the state and local and tribal territorial governments and private sector partners and strengthening supply