[applause] >> good afternoon. thank you for the warm welcome. it's a great pleasure to be

here. mauney connection goes way back. and 1964i was nine years of age and beginning to get consciousness of what politics was all about. some of you may remember as a communications satellite telstar was the first method we have receiving live pictures from each other across the atlantic. and 1964 some of you gentlemen will remember, none of you ladies in the remarks course are old enough to remember 1964 but some of you gentlemen may remember it was a presidential year so they are the conventions in full swing so for a small boy in england watching the live woodring pictures where there are balloons and hats and streamers and grown-ups beating badly. and nobody minding this looked

to me like a career path. [laughter] so america, thank you for that. my next connection with the united states was when i was a oxford i get the chance to come over to the u.s. as the counselor and i went to coach soccer at the camp at the ways of in the berkshires where i'd understand they all go and american youth none of which is repeatable but they gave me the opportunity afterwards to do some traveling and sample for the first time the extraordinary hospitality and generosity of american people where their families would make us incredibly welcome to go well and see a little bit of our country which is wonderful for the warmth and kindness of that.

perhaps my third connection most relevant here is i'm scott. my understand there are a lot of scholars here. we will talk about your views on independence leader. and of course the central connection through the alamo sam houston was a student of robie brooks and knew his work well and was able to quote them famously. scotts way to those who were defending. who would be the treatise naim, who would fill the grave based to be a sleeve and it's all about people not turning free and people stuck together in many places all over the world.

thank you very much for giving the opportunity to speak to you and i look forward to your questions. i have the responsibilities for a few bits of the world beyond texas in the country to bangladesh, and the way i characterize them you know it is not africa or south asia or afghanistan, iran, iraq, 27 countries 11 have some form of a minor trouble and i am being generous with one or two, one is thinking and you can never quite trust the canadians. [laughter] and again the point is stability in my life so thank you for all

that. i'm told the cities to energy as london is to finance, and i am very pleased to be here at the behalf of the global energy industry. my thanks to the world affairs council for their efforts in pulling this together and to all of you for taking the time to get here. this is a busy year to the united kingdom in the world. we give her majesty the queen's jubilee in june and then in july the allies of the world will turn to london for the olympics and the paralympics games. it's been a huge and challenging task to get ready for the greatest show on earth and put on the most sustainable olympics ever. the u.k. project management strength to be coming in ahead of time and on budget, i'm not sure whose budget but it's on budget is yet another reason why the u.k. is a place where you really can get business done. 2012 is also an important year for the united kingdom in texas it we will commemorate the 170th year of the united kingdom representation in texas.

the first consul general and my colleague following now captain charles eliot arrived in galveston in 1842 and this accreditation was not to the united states but to the republic of texas. so, watch out for agents commemorating the anniversary throughout the year. i am here today to talk about a different part of the world, the middle east and north africa, they've seen me from one momentous change. it's well represented and encourage a positive outcome in the region. today i like to share the government perspective and hopes on the impact of this movement to the energy security. that eruption of democracy movements across the middle east and north africa is even in these early stages the most important political development of the 21st century.

with potential long-term consequences greater than the global financial crisis in 2008 and historic change which at its core is about people demanding their rights. a year ago to this very day the crowds were gathering the eighth consecutive day in the square. over 100,000 protesters their bravery and their beliefs and space rights as a date around the world. ten days later president mubarak announced he was moving to chicago. but his act would become a defining moment. the naked optimism in the west reflected in the air with that of the art of spring has been ebbing. commentators suggest the spurring has moved into winter a phenomena not uncommon in the british isles. as far as we are concerned playing with the season is a bit of an analysis. it is more and not and the worst

tyrants to be toppled the citizens could demand that the democratic social they could take their destiny sent their own hands, all familiar. it isn't an w. leading treatise adjusts both opportunities and challenges and understanding these is the key to your understanding this outcome. since the account, violence has repeatedly cut the headlines. as people demanded the right, the regime retaliated sparking the symbol war. in egypt the expectations of the political reform led to violence in the square. attempts by the syrians to plan their legitimate political rights have led to some five balls and deaths. commentators point to these and argue the powerful release will never relinquish the power while the robbers make change, systems with centralist power structures

will always be autocratic. across the region the fear has been demolished. people know that together they can have the right to control how they are governed and by whom. by the first time in the 1950's larocco conduct of elections on the renewed constitution. egypt is in the process of the freely and fairly electing government so that so far has been under mubarak's regime. after the dictatorship libya has the new government in jordan and yemen. the ambassador speaking to me the authority in london said there are four key things that he took out of the arab spring. the first is the arab exceptional was on the sense that somehow people in the arab world did not look for what we will looking for the chance to control their own destiny. that is being squashed.

second, islam is not compatible for the democracy and whether we have had elections appear to be so. third, the sense is important all of us that the connection between the west and the arab goal wasn't simply based on our interest, the commercial interest but was not last based on values. and the big loser in all this has been the advocates of the violent terrorist ideology al qaeda has played no part in the revolution people have inspired themselves. they haven't been a winner after the with this and in fact they have seen movements turned back in this respect is very important for all of us. politics cannot be seen in isolation from the wider trends while the awakening was largely political and triggered by economic realities and the

corruption and adequate public services. the economic challenges continue to play out across the region. quite rightly improve their economic prospects. regardless of political reform, countries in the region will still face the challenges growing, well-educated, populations with high aspirations and the job prospects social unrest could continue. some in the region rely on the natural resources making the currency on competitiveness and competitive limited. the fundamentals in the mog rebel are particularly weak but even with political change, changing economic trajectories can be the slow process. the young and growing populations have the potential to try the economic growth and can immunize against the problems of the aging

populations. and with the load factor productivity to a large extent caused by the investment decisions to the policies there's real potential for growth for the distortions, trade barriers and lamarca of regulations reduced on privatization has given a push. the wheel and gas sectors will undoubtedly play a major part in this economic reconstruction in the region. the but the stench north africa account for almost 6% of the global oil reserve and there are 40 per cent of the gas reserves. this wealth properly invested to drive the the economic rejuvenation across the region can match the region. but we must also look to the white picture. a global trend is and energy consumption cannot be ignored and the middle east as a vital role to play ensuring the stable and secure supply of energy to the world market. the recent figures predict unchecked global demand for energy will reach over 17 billion tons of oil by 2030 and increase some 40% of the current production.

meeting this demand while simultaneously tackling the challenges of the climate change is one of the great tests of our time that we need a stable and affordable energy supply is beyond question to how we achieve it is the key. the middle east has always played a leading role in leading the global energy demand and this isn't going to change. the traditional heiberg carbon has increased in countries like iraq and libya in the region. the oil and gas sectors should be the lifeblood that drives economic regeneration not only within their borders after 70 years of oppression, but across the global economy. the industry as a whole is transforming rapidly and profoundly. technological innovation is creating new opportunities and unconventional hydrocarbon and other resources. the rejuvenation of the reduction in the u.s. for your investment in the technology has transformed the global energy

output. similar developments and renewable by wind, solar and biofuel and the global energy mix traditional hydrocarbon will continue to be important but the supply will become more diffuse and demand will move away from historic hubs in europe and the u.s.. so the world is at a turning point. the political reform a sweeping the nation. the economic certainty of energy will four in flux. western countries need to recognize how their relationship with the middle east and north africa is changing and measuring. new energy sources develop and the demand for the east increases energy will be based less on the one side of oil and the economic trade and exchanges. as of the awakening has many new uncertainties but it doesn't mean we can overlook the old challenges. it seems to have had an impact on iran. it's regime continues to oppress its people and isolate the

country from an increasingly globalized. they defied six evin security council does solutions that call on the regime to suspend its uranium enrichment program and entered into the initiation carry the reza decision to enrich uranium to 20% is an underground site that demonstrates the urgent need to intensify the diplomatic pressure to return to the negotiations. the necessity of the collective global response is clear in the united states and the european union it is implementing further sanctions. the e.u. brought into force last week a comprehensive oleum and the central bank of iran measured against the petrochemical sector and the ban on the transactions involving gold. the aim is to bring the guerini inspected the negotiation table and urgent and pressing needs. no future can be complete without considering might be ahead for the middle east peace process. let me say up front we cannot have the luxury of 20 years for

the israeli-palestinian conflict. on my visit to the palestinian territory just two weeks ago i thought to myself the pace of the settlement construction which would soon land in the impression that remained to the establishment of the palestinian state. unless both sides can agree on a peaceful settlement that guarantees the security of the israelis and sovereignty of the palestinians and israel will be faced with a series of an appealing choice is. a one state solution that preserves the space nature the distress of the central character of a once did solution that preserves the jewish nature of israel for its space credentials. neither of these options would threaten the security of the israelis and as friends of the middle east and particularly of israel we need to say this on queerly now is the time to resolve the issue. during the period of change israel had the opportunity to redefine its relationship in the region. the two-stage solution is not just the guarantor and the

foundations for the normalization of relations with its neighbors which can help facilitate the regional trade and prosperity. this kind of agreement recounts courage, kind kurdish simplified by sadat. finally, i don't think i can or should address the audience by saying little on the bilateral relationship between the two countries. first the united states is the most important ally. our relationship is rooted in history but it is as strong today in the 21st century as it has ever been. the scope of the cooperation of a globalized world is fast from combating violent extremism to address in the address and conflict from promoting human rights to supporting development and economic growth in the poorest countries from advocating free trade to campaign for global energy and climate security the united kingdom and the united states shared priorities. there is no better example of the parts are shipped in britain and the united states than in

afghanistan where we both result to stand shoulder to shoulder with our parties to help afghanistan become a stable and secure state able to control its own national security and for that to protect hours. only second to the u.s. british deutsch on the ground and we've taken the lead and helmand one of afghanistan is most difficult promises and i've seen for myself a remarkable work being done by the british and american soldiers and by their civilian counterparts. i salute the extraordinary bravery of the forces seeking to create a better afghanistan. so in conclusion it has drawn some conclusions at this stage but there are many questions remain. we cannot be certain of how the situation will unfold in each country and each country is indeed different. the concept to the arab world has to get a that a change and maybe it's less united than we thought. all these countries are different and have responded

differently. there are signs however the problem is positive. what we can be certain of is how the united kingdom and the united states and the energy sector can play a part in supporting the positive outcome that we could to see. as a parting and embedding the institutions that we would expect to see in the flourishing democracy come strong civil society and the minorities, robust plans for growth and prosperity, employment opportunities and human rights. these will help the countries in the region get back on their feet and to travel in a new direction. we face many challenges together in the past. we face new challenges. one thing that is constant and remains is the relationship between us, the understanding that we face in the world from a similar point of view i suspect will always be there. this is a new chapter to us. many of you will have experiences in the region might spoken about. in the next few moments when we have the question and answer session and please don't be afraid to share the insights.

ministers and politicians, we haven't spent a lifetime in these areas. some of you would have spent many years there and refresh me give me the benefits of your insight and at least one british minister will return from the united states better informed of not wiser. thank you very much. [applause] no pictures, please. [laughter] >> we do have time and will take some questions so we have our usual pads of paper on the tables. islamic and there is a good lawyer in the house. [laughter] its whiplash isn't it? >> as a favor i will handle both sides of the case for you and will make it much more efficient

at what point xm mengin sanctions and do you believe there's a point at which the world has to give up on sanctions in iran and consider the action for the military and otherwise against the country? >> well both the united states and the united kingdom have said no option is off the table so let's be clear that preference has got to be for the sanctions to work in negotiations to be successful. iran, the regime has got to turn back from where it is. what are the other alternatives? one is that iran becomes nuclear capable. the rest of the proliferation in the gulf, one of the most volatile areas of the world would be a mess and the number of countries have already said they would have to follow suit. so the nuclear nonproliferation treaty of the sixties which has been one of the world's most successful international treaties has kept the nuclear

nonproliferation to effectively a minimum would be destroyed overnight and we would be the poor so the nuclear capable of iran is a worrying prospect. the strike on the facilities would be clear it wouldn't just be a strike it would be a prolonged period of activity in order to destroy the facilities and the end of only delaying rather than fully destroying. the consequences are equally incalculable. iran will retaliate in some way. iran may find itself put on the right side of the argument instead of the wrong one so the consequences of that are incalculable. accordingly, after the alternative, the best one is to pursue the negotiations in the road and that is what the world powers are genuinely doing. we are not doing this and carry him on something covert in the background. we are very determined. it's a difficult thing. iran doesn't have a monolithic leadership. there is a tension and split

between hammami and mahmoud ahmadinejad. we faced the scenery as devaluation having a run on them and people are buying gold, the banks are not honoring their commitment, so it is tough. we have close contact with people and don't mistake the regime for the people. they are happy, they are interested in the world. they know what's going on. i described them as a people held hostage by their government and with no argument with the people, so we hope the pressure works. it's a point after which something is a concentrated that may have been but it isn't the wish of the space government who are engaged with iran and continue those made by all of us including china and russia to give iran. so we will see. >> of these have the questions are about iran but i will ask one more related question.

you see any possible become a reasonable possibility of an iranian spurring? >> being frank, it would be nice. but the cruelty with which the regime put down the revolution after the elections of a few years ago was intense. this is a regime with one of the worst human rights records in the world. this is a place that executes more people than china. they've kept a very, very brutal control of their people. you see some of the pictures from last year those who were executed standing on a bus and the bus was driven away and they were left dangling from the bridge. this is a country that has the regime that keeps a grip on its people incredibly tight. now and syria it wasn't much of an opposition movement until things got going in libya there

wasn't much of an opposition in the movement, so you don't know, but ultimately of course the best solutions must be homegrown so we will wait and see the opposition has been repressed in iran and we will hope something will change the situation. >> several questions regarding the other countries the easiest way to consolidate them is to ask if you might compare and contrast your view about tunisia, libya and egypt and how they differ where they are after the arab spurring. >> and no particular area i did a program on television this time last week about the arab spurring and we didn't mention to nisha of wants which i thought was telling at how far the come first in the field and we didn't talk about it because

we concentrated on egypt and libya and syria. to nisha, it is a structured country, they've had their elections, there's a minority in the government's and the after party that has the coalition with a number of partners. i saw the minister for education a couple of weeks ago and he was from a secular party that was in collision and the news there is what they had campaigned on which is domestic stuff about the economy. they were seeking to deliver the secular party had no problem with the coalition and so far, so good. but the basis structure is something to work on in terms of their capacity in the government and at present they are doing

the right things. we are engaged with them and have a partnership of bilateral support and international solutions are supporting. all these countries are not because of what happened. tourism for instance is important to these countries and that's got to be rebuilt. so far it has started its new life well. egypt is slightly different. it's much more important. bigger, much more of a regional player through history in the influence is the key to the future. there's been much more context. the removal of the president by citizen power produced the situation which the military held the wind for the forces and crucially choosing not to fire people with the military have an interest in the governance and eject. the rulers of egypt of course have come from the military.

the of privileges, the of the close connection with the economy which is another of the books. they are conflicted with how to move forward. so wanting to work to the civilian government the have their own privileges to consider and this is producing some tension that there's been an election process. it's been long and drawn-out but it's ended up better than some critics imagined. the number of people voting was high and second reading is the result of the will of the population, and the muslim brotherhood party, the freedom and justice when the majority of votes about 46% of the vote. the surprise was to the more extreme muslim ideologues to about 23% of the vote. now the muslim brotherhood looking not to go in alliance with them but again looking

towards the center they campaigned on the economics, they campaigned on the social rights for people and other things you need to get the economy going, health, welfare issues and so they did not campaign on the extremist ideological platform. it remains to be seen how they can put that into practice. their economy has taken a bigger hit but the civilian government has been much more open to the imf and others coming in to offer advice. study egyptians understand the sovereignty and one of the keys to all of this has been locally led the city don't want to be told what to do. they want to work with others on the inclusion but that the present it's perhaps a little bit better than it looks a couple of months ago but it's still difficult. there are the forces who have seen taking violence in the square and there is a clash.

we worry that the integrity of the nation and the christians many of you in the room will be aware of have been protected under the old regime under more oppression now stood shoulder to shoulder with people during the revolution and now feel under pressure again from extreme elements, not from the population that from extreme elements. very important to all of us that those rights are reserved, so egypt and in the balance, but the impression is good and we have yet to see the new government. lydia, a different situation again emphasizing how different they are. there is the capacity of the government extremely low. this hasn't been a functioning government. this is been a dictator's rule and some of the department's i was told by one of them you don't know who is on the other end. you have to get things done there used making decisions themselves and running the state for the capacity is low that means they can't get a grip of the issue of the militias that are running different things in

different places and bring them all together under the central command. the force and create a revolution must be young people want to see that their interests are represented by the political class or older so there are internal struggles going on but they are working very hard and involved in capacity building but they are further behind in the process. they are talking about elections and constitution hoping to have the elections by june which will be very bold if they can do it. the intent is good. they are working very hard and again the capacity is low. they are all welcome. the expectation should be realistic. they will go through. our democracy did not bring up overnight. it took time and i think we have to be a bit patient and realistic with with a seven in these countries. >> last turn to another area at this time if you will. if you could tell us what the

government's position is with regard to syria and how you see things playing out and were there any fundamental differences with your understanding of the u.s. position and how those aligned. >> in the past 18 months i've been in office i have to say the closest relationship by far ahead with your colleagues in the state department you have some exceptional public servants. my foreign secretary understandably deals with the secretary of state the assistant secretary of state public bill burns, grossman, blank who cover the areas like cover have been great partners. there are one or two differences i think that not many. essentially we see the world and a very similar way and we are looking for the same things and they've been great partners. in syria we are absolutely identical. many of you will be aware that a big united nations security council meeting the importance of syria was emphasized by the

fact that they still are having a permanent ambassadors of the security council table. we set our foreign minister, use and mrs. clinton, we showed how important this was to all of us, senior people with a drive and a genuine debate. we are seeking to back the arab league hasn't been conflicted for some time over syria in a way that wasn't in relation to libya has been forcing the pace recently sending the calling for the transition of the government but do not underestimate how significant this is for the first time breaking with the other singing you are doing things here that our kinship will support. so it's the values that are at stake are actually more important than that. this is a profound turning point for the world. another turning point is we are getting behind this not leading it, we are getting behind it.

this is their revolution. the last thing they want is to be characterized to doing the bidding of the best which is what the russians are trying to make of all of this. they are conflicted. a long relationship with syria and the commercial and political terms they know what is going on is wrong and doing what they can behind the scenes that they can't quite bring themselves the support of the resolutions so what is happening yesterday and today to try to get the resolution. it's got to be syrian lead at the end of the day. this isn't capable of the solution like libya no western intervention deutsch on the ground. if anything it's got to be arab inspired. the syrian opposition comes together in a way in which they haven't done come supports what the league is proposing by the transition and dialogue but the united states has agreed this cannot be done through the president who's lost his legitimacy and he must go so we do see the power was are working

together with the lady and others to try to produce the solution. >> it's a tragedy and i'm afraid it will get worse before it gets better. >> staying in the general geographic area we have a few questions interestingly. i guess that is to say can you comment on the distinct and in some ways the situation having al jazeera come having our u.s. military alliance and not taking a different course in the least? >> they are the surprise jack in the box and all of this. this is a little country punching way above its waste in international terms from sudan and afghanistan providing the address for the taliban to their engagement in libya supporting

the elements militarily as well as diplomatically and the strong engagement if you saw the remarks of the foreign minister yesterday you would see how strong they feel about this and other opinion. our sense is that they are looking to be noticed. they are a small state. they've got strong opinions, and our sense at the moment is that they've seen an opportunity for the world to do better and to be decisive. the intervention in libya they told us was because they wanted it to work. they were not prepared to see things drift onto the support of people on the ground they thought could get things done and they had the ability to do that in a way in which perhaps we didn't so they got things

done. their engagement of around the region is very powerful. they are emerging, they want to be a player and the way in which they are promoting themselves is being a force for good in these different places. al jazeera as much as people were commenting this time last year as a facebook revolution, the social network revolution that the people around the world are able to talk to themselves and get people out on the street all of that was true probably it was marty al jazeera. ten years now al jazeera has been talking to the arab leaders dealing with the news broadcasts in a way that the world hadn't known. something much more than we are all jews to, the serious questioning and the criticism. a world away from the state television many of these countries have and al jazeera have the ability to what is the

great matter i'm not taking it anymore or whatever may be. it is basic and it is in doha so that is the connection. interestingly, we talk regularly so far it is a push for the good and we will watch and see how this develops but all these things are so new no one is quite sure qatar intervention has been in a number of different areas and positive and helpful. >> turning to another country that plays a role in the area have they played a constructive role in your opinion or the government's opinion, and what other things would you like to see them do? what more can they do to make things better? >> probably the most effective

and well expanded foreign policy in the recent times, the turks took up the world around them and maybe they felt a bit robust. i'm sure you are all aware the have applied for the membership of the european union and the european union as conflict on this. the united kingdom supports the membership of turkey not supported by some of the other players. the negotiations have been pending for a long time. there is the sense that some in the turkish government said okay if they don't want us to its meager when a different direction and they set out a very strong start. they look back at the past where they were a significant influence in the region and think we come out to do this again and they've made their presence felt. the very able foreign minister pervvijze very good and very clear, honest and direct and they've been a profound influence for the good in this

work. they have a different relationship to iran than we do and maybe that isn't a bad thing. there's a door open and that's so important in all this business people don't necessarily see themselves boxed in and they are working for the good and working a slightly different way. they were very much a part of the contact group on the work that's done their. they are the center for international conferences. i've been to a stumble five times in the last year. i've been to this city wants. you go to the hotel, you go to the palace where they have these wonderful conferences and then they packed into a car back to the airport and you go back home. it's one of the biggest tragedies of my work. [laughter] we got one afternoon off which is just wonderful. but again they are key players that then come here and talk. one thing i would like them to do to reestablish the

relationship with israel. the break with israel is very serious. israel could do with turkey backed as an ally and as a friend a difficult state of affairs between them because of the incident over and he rego and would be good if it finally back to each other and we are encouraging both to try to do that. >> turkey is a member of nato. the u.s. has announced some potential reductions or consolations of troops throughout europe and other areas. can you give us some views on where nato is going and where the relationship from the military stands on the basis and impact the scene from the u.k.? >> one of the easiest thing is i get to do is not comment on other policies. because that way lies in trouble. so i won't make any direct comment on your defense budget which is very much you're own affair.

it also enables me to avoid questions about the primaries. [laughter] as the current entertainment on your television screen. otherwise the consular general will haul me off and i would be in deep trouble. nato as strong and came this year i think well in terms of its ability to act a net libya and the clear direction. we've turned a bit of a corner from some of the difficulties over iraq and again i don't want to go into that too deeply but i think the audience will be well aware that the conflict and the questions over iraq and engagement in iraq have not been raised in relation to libya because the u.n. direction was clear, the arab league position was clear and the actions taken by the collisions were very precise. the truth is in a situation like this there's only three countries that can actually deliver, the united states, france and great britain. the of the air force is capable of defending the civilian

populations in a manner that we saw in libya, and the work they did together was terrific. so the work is -- that's been a good year. it is the essential we all maintain sufficient force to be doubled to do the job that we need to do. and that is a matter that the defense chiefs discussed between themselves. i don't envision a world without that american power. i think there's a book coming out later this month by robert on america's strength so to say looking at america's responsibility in the world, the counterpoint that maybe america's strength wasn't as it was and he is looking at a slightly different perspective to river think that is one that we did instinctively share. the world doesn't have america as a cornerstone and is taking a terrible risk and we see when you do and how you handle late in being able to support the

values and partnership helps to do that and nato has proven its way and i am no expert on nato but it is again a fundamental part of the jigsaw that we believe helps to keep the world safe and perhaps give an opportunity for those who were taking their own regions in the direction they want to do to feel that they have some support for doing that. >> we are going to meet with some of our students immediately after this, but -- >> i don't know if it's true but i did have one question, a quick one and you know more about this please comment on president obama's returning bobos to churchill. [laughter] >> the author of the question -- >> i think i'm aware of the

story. >> the beginning of the presidency i don't know. if it is unwise to talk about you are way ahead of me. >> let me rephrase the question. what are we getting back in return? [laughter] >> all right. that's good. thank you. [applause] let me in pos on you for one more thing. i suspect you have a message for them you may be hoping to impart some of the members to the community. those of us like to think for ourselves as a youngster can you share that kind of message with us what would you like us to take away as great friends of the u.k. that are important to know at this time? >> i just think the sense of go

for it to really spend most of this year in a part of the world where the aspirations that we take for granted for our children in terms of education and job prospects, their ability to control their own destiny and to have a say in the governments of their country has been denied them and in a place where it was rumored that no one really cared about it and they didn't care about it and their must have been several generations that have been through those areas in despair. if you look at the ratings if the people in those areas characterized by the world that sees particular examples that don't relate to their experience of life and say that is with that bottle was like. that's who those people are paid that's the muslim communities like when the reality is different.

and by their own efforts, they've got themselves to the position where the world is seeing them differently and they have a new opportunity. it's not over yet, but they've got something and it is all because people just didn't do it could did come said we can do this. i would say this in to any youngster i come across. we are engaged and in the political representation is a good thing. politics isn't the easiest. we have our view of politics and politicians but somebody's got to do it. and the youngsters are interested in being engaged in political life, the decision that comes through being a representative, just do it. they are interested in being engaged in the wider world away from the united states looking at the responsibilities and their shared challenges involved with people of other countries, just do it and as they think i don't know anything about this my dad is and in politics and my dad -- my mom doesn't do this. i've got no -- it's not for the likes of me, just doing.

that's what i would say and i suspect most of you in this room achieve things because you have just done it. it's not about slogan. let's keep it. [applause]

>> watch past speakers online at the c-span video library. all archived and searchable at c-span.org/videolibrary. you're watching c-span2 with politics and public affairs weekdays between live coverage of the u.s. senate. on weeknights watch key public policy events and