technology, you get another tax credit. and that's when things started to move. and then we had a change in the congress and that all got eliminated. we're not giving up on it. you got to provide incentives to do things which is overwhelming interest to the country. and it will get to the point where critical mass can be reached. >>.. i can see tom wanted to say that. >> it's about iowa. >> well, it's about usda. specifically on the biofuel issue. there is, in fact -- our navy, in fact, is using biofuel. ..

they are going to use everything from municipal waste to agricultural waste to switchgrass to timber to crop residues to produce new advanced biofuels. we have farmers that are actually now being incentive to produce these new feedstocks so there is an enormous amount of work is being done here. no one is going to be the sms in the last thing i will say as you all are to be thankful we have biofuel industry because right now we would be paying a dollar a gallon more for our gas were it not for the biofuel industry

we have. [applause] >> ladies and gentlemen, m-i in trouble? [laughter] as you can tell tom and i would rather stay here than where we are going to go. [laughter] but i want to thank you all for giving us this much time and the fundamental message that i want to leave is this. you know, believe, man. not in barack obama and joe biden. not anyone from the demonstration. believe in this country. we are so poised, so poised to make great truths across the board, political, economic, cultural, and this is, i envy your generation, man.

you will see changes for the better that are going to make what happened to my generation look like we were standing still. we are on the cusp of so many monumental breakthroughs. by the time you are my age we will have cured cancer. we will have figured out how to isolate that cancer gene and kill only that. we will have figured out how to reconstruct an entire human hand from using your own genes. i wish everybody could be in these meetings with these brilliant scientist but i get to meet with and talk to. they are such incredible promise so, believe, believe in this country. i'm not saying -- vote for whoever you want to vote for but do not buy into, do not buy into we have to lower our sights, we have to think differently, we have to think smaller. don't do that.

don't do that. that is never ever happened in this country before and every single solitary time the american people had an even chance, every single time they have overcome whatever the problem was. the one most important thing that is required though is you know, if you leave here find the first 10 people you see if you have time and asked them to define what it means to be an american. i will bet you he will get 10 totally different answers. every answer has contained in it the same word, fair, fair. americans think of themselves as fair. one thing americans hate the most in the neighborhood i grew up in and i suspect yours, is to be played for a.

look folks, we have gotten through wars and great economic crisis because everybody was in the deal. everybody was in the deal. and when everybody thinks everybody else is in the deal, figuratively speaking they give at the office. we have asked a lot, the country has asked a lot of the american people in the last five years. those of you who have jobs here companies have said with good reason, i'm sorry but your wage will remain stagnant and we have to make that sacrifice until he we get on our feet. we have asked everybody to make sacrifices, business, industry, government has asked everybody to make sacrifice. there is only one heart at the economy that has not made sacrifices. i come from a very wealthy state, delaware. and i am fond of saying that

very wealthy people are just as patriotic as for people, and they are. but notched much nagy much has been ousted them. one of the reasons we talk about tax fairness not there will in the deficit, not because it will allow us to have invested in anything we want to invest in but simply, everybody looks around and says everybody is in the deal. when everybody is in the deal, everybody is ready to put their shoulder to the grindstone and push. when they think one segment of society is out of the deal, it's not class warfare. it's about simple fairness. you know when we had 8.5% tax on the first dollar after the first million you make, to put back to work 400,000 schoolteachers that have been laid off and cops and firefighters, it was interesting

what the polling said. 70% of the american people in america made more than $1 million supported it. it would mean $500 a year more in your taxes if you make $1,100,000. everybody supported it. it wasn't about solving the deficit. it's about getting something done that needs to be done that is more important than continue me particular tax cut. so folks ultimately, ultimately, everybody has to be convinced that it's a fair deal. it's pretty basic stuff. i think that is where the american public is going. i have -- a vast majority of republicans agree with that and the majority of millionaires agree with that and independents and democrats agree with that. it's about time we get our government functioning.

again, thank you very much for listening. it's an honor to be with you and it's an honor to be with the governor, former governor of the great state of iowa. thank you all very much. [applause] ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪

♪ ♪ >> we take you live now to cleveland ohio four remarks by republican presidential candidate mitt romney and his wife and their introductions are underway. [cheering] and again i told you as a first ohio congressman to endorse the governor i said we need someone in the white house who understands what it means to make a payroll, who understands what it means to balance the budget, who understands what it means to get the economy going again. ladies and gentlemen, we need mitt romney. ohioan needs mitt romney. [cheering] and the white house needs mitt romney. with that i want to introduce to

you the next president of the united states, mitt romney. [cheering] [cheering] [chanting] [cheering] >> thank you, thank you so much. hey guys. [cheering] a cheering section back there. this is fabulous. it's great to be here with you today. i wondered if we were going to make it in. the wind in the rain, the plane was bouncing around as we were touching down. i am so sorry not to have chris christie here. he wanted to be here but the

state troopers i guess told them the weather was too treacherous. he had a little plane it was not going to be safe coming in so they held him on the ground and said he couldn't be here but we will bring them back. he will be out campaigning with me. he has been canning -- campaigning with me so much. [cheering] he is fun by the way. it's fun to have chris christie there. what you hope for is someone to heckle him. that is what you hope. and when you have to bring someone in. i think we brought two or three in tonight to be here just for him because it's so much fun. he will walk up to the stage like this. he looks at him and he says, he tells him, it's really something. he's a great american and a great governor. i love to have his support. one of the reasons we are going to win this because of chris christie. [cheering] now the young lady to my left, i met an elementary school. i don't recall the meeting.

[laughter] she would have been in second grade and i would have been in fourth grade. fourth-graders don't look at second-graders. that's just a whole different world you know, two years as a lifetime. actually it's a lifetime at that age and yet when she became a sophomore i became far more interested. and i remember going to a party at a friends house, not having seen her for a while and seeing her at this friends party at his home in his basement. i went to the guy who brought her there and i said look, i live closer to ann then you do. how about i give her a ride home for you? yeah, he agreed and we have been going steady ever sense, my sweetheart ann romney. [cheering] >> thank you ohio. [applause] you guys have a big job on tuesday. we are looking forward to what you are going to do because we

want this guy to be the nominee of the party and you can help make him that, make that happen. [cheering] i am also looking forward to next november because this guy is going to be to barack obama. that is what is going to be really fun. [cheering] i haven't seen mitt for a couple of days. i have been in georgia and mitt has been who knows where, far fargo, idaho and then washington state and then back here. so you know it's mitt country but ohio is important and tuesday is an important day. it's going to get us one step closer to defeating barack obama so we are looking forward to that. [cheering] i an interesting thing has

happened during this process and that is we have had the wonderful opportunity going all across this country and meeting wonderful folks, but the other thing that has happened is we have had some very sad stories too. people are across this nation herding in many different ways. it's been hard to watch that in hard to see that. we saw it a lot in florida and we saw it a lot of michigan and we have seen it in ohio too. people are worried and they are disheartened and a sense we are heading in the wrong direction, that the person that is guiding this country is taking it someplace we don't want to go. so it was a year ago when i said after promising i would never do this again, i said to mitt i hate to tell you this, but you have to do this again. [laughter] [applause] and it is with complete

conviction that i am 100% convinced that he is the only one that can turn this country around and that is why voters are thinking about it in ohio. [applause] i asked him, do you know what? if you can be the nominee that's a hard thing to do. we tried it once before but if you can get that nomination and then it's going to be hard by the way to beat this president, we all know that. we will be back in ohio doing it to. that's the other thing. [applause] i said i'm not going to go through all of that if once you get there you cannot fix it and the thing that is great and this is why i truly believe in met and why i truly was willing to do this again, because i know he can succeed and i have seen him do it. i have seen him do it in business, the turnaround guy. i saw him do it at the olympics,

he turned that around and i have seen it as governor. i'm cited to see him do it as the next president of the united states. [cheering] >> thank you, sweetheart. by the way there is -- she is a remarkable woman in a lot of ways, and not just -- her sense of humor and her ability to speak and connect with folks who listen to her. there is a wonderful piece that neal cavuto did a couple of days ago on his show about ann. wish he would do that about me but anyway. [laughter] he did a piece about ann and she deserves it so if you go and youtube i think it's probably fair, neal cavuto and ann romney, a remarkable tribute to her and her ability to touch the hearts of people across this

country. she has the kind of character that is quintessentially the american character. she was diagnosed with ms, battled back from that and is now you see of great strength and health. she is a breast cancer survivor. she is a fighter and despite those challenges she said you have to get in there and run for office and i'm doing it as i love her, i love our family and i love my grandkids, and they love america. i have to get this country right. [cheering] now i can see, i can see that w÷ have a border security problem here. there is a sweatshirt that says michigan. [laughter] there is a hat over there with an n on it. i can't believe it. this is the buckeye state, come on guys. i apologize, but i respect the fact that this is a state with a great passion and energy, great teams. my goodness gracious and i'm honored to be with you.

what a thrill it is to do what i'm doing. can you imagine running for president of the united states? this is not something i expected to do. when i was a boy, a young guy i wanted to be a police officer. as i got a little older i wanted to do what my dad did. i wanted to run a car company some way and then i got in business on my own. never thought i'd get involved in politics of all things. here i am running across the country meeting people and it's such an extraordinary opportunity to get to know america. if you watch the evening news, you see people who are doing things which are out of the ordinary. that is why it makes the news. by and large those are not good÷ things they are doing. so you come away with a bit of a cynical view about what is going on across the country. when you get to do what i do and you meet average ordinary citizens like ourselves, then you get a sense of what really

is at the heart and the core of the american people and it's good. and it's encouraging. it gives me more optimism about the future the country, just made our citizens from across the country, not those that are doing a the most unusual things. i'm amazed at the entrepreneurialism of the people in this country. i was campaigning and went into one enterprise, large employer, a big factory and the owner and chief executive officer, norm was there and i said clearly, you have a degree in engineering. he said no i don't have a degree in engineering. i said where did you get your college degree? he he didn't have a college degree either. why he thought he had those things is he had over 100 patents. this was a guy who used his own knowledge and innovative skills to come up with ways to provide electricity to various businesses and raise floors and putting electricity underneath them. just extraordinary, norm burns

and then i met a guy named bill dobbin, just a little bit later. bill dobbin has a big factory. he is a doctor. i guess once a doctor always a doctor. he found malpractice to be a bother. he found dealing with the government to be troublesome and so he decided with his dad to start a business and he built a business called, i think it's called creative castor's. they make casters. do you know what casters are? those are the wheels that go on their bottoms, big heavy things. he designs them. if you are going to move an airplane you need big casters. just remarkable remarkable the innovativeness of the i and people. barbara found an extraordinary way of taking a little carriage and taking the skin off and putting it in plastic tags and by virtue of the little innovation, little carrots all peeled resin plastic tags, i

think the consumption of cares has gone up fourfold in this country. it's just amazing what she has done. the innovativeness of the american people. that's what makes america such a strong economy. it is not a government telling÷÷ us what things we should do and how to do it. it's free people pursuing their ideas. failing sometimes in succeeding time and again in their success does not make us worse off. it makes us better off as a people. i love the spirit of america. i love free people pursuing their dreams. [cheering] faces at the heart, this is at the heart of america's promise. we have always known that america's promise is that if you work hard and you get as much education as you can and you have the right kind of values, why you can know that your home will be secure and prosperous and you can care for yourself and that your kids future will

be even better than your own past. that is the promise of america. that promise is in question today. a lot of people wonder whether that is still true. the president has gone around the country and in his campaign promising. those promises have not been realized. he said he would cut the deficit in half. he doubled it. he said if we let him borrow $787 billion by the way, i will not repay that, you will not repay that, our kids will have to repay that with interest. he said if we let him borrow $787 billion he would hold unemployment below 8%. it has not been below 8% since. he said he would cut taxes for middle income americans. he hasn't. if you consider the taxes on obamacare he has raise taxes on middle income america. he was concerned about medicare and social security and their solvency. three years into his presidency,

not one serious idea to make them solvent. and to make them permanently secure. this is a president who is out of ideas. he is out of excuses. 2012 we are going to get him out of office. [cheering] [chanting] this is a campaign of choices, alright? in the primary there is a choice in the general election there's a choice. we can possibly reelect the same guy as president. if we do there are some things we know. one is we'll continue to have trillion dollar deficits. this is a guy who doesn't seem to be bothered by putting out a budget with a trillion dollar deficit. for years now, he is on track to a mass in four years almost as

much dead as all the prior presidents combined. he gave his speech the other day at his state of the union address. he didn't even mention the deficit or the debt, even as the world is reeling watching what is happening in europe recognizing unless we change course we will face that as well and he has nothing to say about it. if i'm president of the united states, i'm not going to just slow down the rate of government growth. i'm going to cut government spending. i'm going to cap it and finally balance the budget. [cheering] and when it comes to jobs, you know he gave a speech again at the state of the union address. he talked about what it takes to create jobs. he said a lot of things that were right. he just doesn't do those things. he said we need to reduce regulations. yeah, he has increased

regulations at a rate 2.5 times greater than that of the prior president. .. ÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷

>> the business doesn't pay corporate taxes, it pays taxes at the individual rate, the owner of the business is taxed as an individual on the success of the business. and therefore, if you raise taxes on individuals, you're raising cashes on the businesses. he wants to raise the top individual tax rate from 35% to 40%. what will that do? that will kill jobs in those kinds of businesses. guess how many jobs in america are held by people who work in businesses taxed at the individual rate? over half. 54% of all the private sector jobs in america. are in those kinds of businesses. he wants to raise taxes, it will kill jobs. i will lower taxes to create more jobs, and rising. [applause] i don't think he trusts us to

make the right decisions for ourselves. so he decides to have a large series of bureaucrats in washington telling us what kind of health insurance and care we can receive. if i'm president of the united states i will repeal obamacare on day one. [cheering] and by the way, there's also a difference between us. as it relates to our military, this is a president whose already announced cuts in the military. planning to take out another 500 billion. our navy is smaller since 1917. know something, our air force is smaller and older than any time since its founding in 1947. he wants to reduce our number of troops even though you know our troop the were stretched to the breaking point in afghanistan and iraq. i think a very different course.

my course says we wouldn't need to add ships to our navy. add 100 troops to our personnel because i believe that american superiority and strong america is the best ally peace has ever known. [cheering] this is really a campaign about great jobs. and rising incomes, and lowering our deft. keeping america strong, protecting america. there's one more aspect of job creation, i want to mention to you, and that relates to trade. there are a lot of folks who are worried about trade with other nations. they don't think we can compete. and concerned if we have open trade with other nations that we'll be following further behind. the truth is for a nation like us with the highest productivity

in the world that means output per american in america is the highest of any nation, the truth is when we have truth with other neighs we do better as a society. we're able to have more stuff and a more prosperous life. but that's only the case as long as the people with whom we trade don't cheat. and the case of china, they're cheating. [cheering] and they have a number of ways of cheating. one, hack into our computers, corporate computers and our government computers and steal the designs that we have that we spent million was dollars of creating. stole or patents, our no-how, brand napes. apparently even a store in china that's an apple store selling apple products not an apple store or apple products. these are the kinds of things that they do. they also manipulate their currency. hold down the value of their

currency. let me tell you what that does. by holding down it means the products they sell here, and other places around the world are artificially inexpensive. what does that do? nice for those that are buying those goods. how about for the businesses that have to compete with the artificially low-priced goods. drives them out of business. what happened when those businesses are out of business? raise their value of currency. so the right ideas is not to let them walk all over us. he was going to take china to the mat instead they've taken to the mat. i'm going to apply tourists wherever we have to apply them to not kill jobs in ohio and america. [cheering and applause] this election, this lest is about two very different views. and by the way, all of the

republicans we're animated about the mistake this is president has made. but let me tell you, the other guys they spent their life in washington. working in world of influence and some cases lobbying, and elected officials, nothing wrong with that. except you want to get the economy fixed and you want to create jobs, i think it helps to have had a job. and i have. [cheering and applause] so we're going to have a choice, as to what nature america is going to be. is this country going to be a nation which becomes more and more like europe with a government telling us what kind of health care we can have? telling us what kind of business it's going to invest in and tesla or going to remain a nation where individuals pursue their own dreams. i believe in the prince. s in which the nation was founded. i believe they are the reason

why we're so successful as a nation. the most powerful nation in the history of the earth and the wealthiest. almost 50% higher than that of a european. we all have the same dna all human beings. how is it we do so well? i believe it's the prince. s upon which the nation was founded. seeking freedom and opportunity that's in our dna. i love the words, and the principles selected by our founders. they said in the declaration of independence that the creator doubted us with our rights. the creator. [applause] and among those rights are life. our right to life. our right to liberty. and the pursuit of happiness. and that last phrase we tend to breeze over a bit but the pursuit of happiness means in this country we are free to

pursue happiness as we choose. not limited by the circumstances of birth. not limited by government telling us how to live our life. instead we may pursue happiness, a land of opportunity. and by virtue of that choice, this became the place on the plane et where every pioneer, innovator wanted to build their enterprise. a better future for their family. that's who we are. sometimes i don't think the president an his people understand that. it is not their guidance that makes us who we are. it is the guidance of the american people pursuing happiness as they know it that makes america the hope of the earth. [cheering and applause] [chanting] and so i -- i know that we face some real challenges. i mean, i see iraq on the cusp

of becoming nuclear. i see jihadists that want to kill us. i see threats from around the world, and in a dangerous world. i see the arab spring becoming more of an arab winter. challenges around the world. massive debt threatening debt. a lot of people suffering. this campaign has shown me the best of america also shown me a lot of people really having hard times. people worried about their future. but i happen to believe that if we have a president that will return to the. and a person to tell the truth and live with integrity, i won't embarrass you in the white house. and a president -- [applause] and a president who will draw on the patriotism and the passion and the innovativeness and the creativity of the american people and rise to the occasion. i plan to be that president with

your help. go out there and vote as many times as they let you. [laughter] not that way. get your friends to go with you. get people to go with you. grab, and going to take back america and keep this the greatest nation on earth. thank you, guys. thank you so much. you're the best. [cheering and applause] ♪

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>> coming up next on c-span 2. a discussion about iran, nuclear proliferation. german chancellor holds an american style town hall meeting. part of the ottawa conference on defense and security. hear from the head of u.s. central command and ray mavis. >> days after north korea announced to freeze its nuclear program the brookings institution hosted a discussion about nuclear proliferation focusing on north korea and iran. discussed in north korea after the death of kim jong-il and what this week's announce the means for restoring a dialogue. this is an hour and a half.

good morning i'm steven, a senior at bookings. welcome to our panel of discussion on countering proliferation, the challenge of the nuclear rogues. if you look back to the end of the cold war sense then, the issue of prohibiting nuclear weapons has been at the top of washington's agenda. if you were to ask the obama administration or the clinton administration, a list of their top ten security challenges you would find in each case nuclear proliferation in the top three or four. in the context of last two decades, the biggest challenges have been posed by north korea and iran. if you look at, for example, the american relationship with russia, going back to the 1990s iran is always figured as a big issue on that just as in the u.s. relationship with china, north korea and its nuclear program been a major issue for almost 20 years now, and u.s. policies really focused

on how can you hinder, slow, stop, prevent these countries from moving forward to nuclear weapons programs. while in the case of iran, there's been some success perhaps in slowing it. though, i think we've seen in both cases those countries have moved forward. north korea tested a new clear device in 2006 and again in 2009. and although the u.s. government has not yet come to a firm conclusion whether iran, in fact, seeks to have a ready-made nuclear weapon, there is no doubt that iran has made significant progress in its efforts to acquire the ability to produce a nuclear weapon in regards to enrichment. this is going to be a challenge, the president whoever that is in 2013. we have an excellent panel here today to talk about these questions. you have the programs, going to give a brief introduction and lay out the plan for our discussion, and then open it up. we'll start with johnson, a

senior fellow here at the thornton senior center. expert on north korea. there was news on wednesday that the north koreans agreed to a moratorium on testing of a long range missiles, i think he'll put that in context, the difficult history we've had with north korea and talk about what the transition from kim jong-il to kimyong-un might mean. iran is in the news if a couple of ways. today their parliamentary elections are taking place in iran. been a lot of speculation in the media about whether iran is reaching that point with these deciding to go ahead and conduct a iran strike against nuclear facilities. going on with that nuclear program's effort.

our third speaker is robert. and spent a lot of time in the u.s. government in the 90s working on these issues including as assistant secretary of state for political military affairs. very much involved in working on the agreed framework in 1994. after jonathon and susan going to give us advice on how to fix the problems and what should the u.s. policies in terms of addressing these questions. there's a price for signature in that middle chair. [laughter] and cleanup we have stroke, also grappled with issues in the 1990s as deputy secretary of state. going to address two questions. one is where do those two cases say about the ability of the border to deal with threats and how do these kinds of questions play into politics in the united states and what is going to be a very political year. with that introduction, lay out jonathon let me start with you. >> thank you, steve. we meet for the affairs and from

the state department on not so much in agreement but parallel understandings about how in the near term might be possible to proceed ahead and to resume some form of talks if not outright negotiation between north korea and the united states. so amidst the quiet encouragement of the moment, i thought it would be useful at first to briefly review some of the history, how we find ourselves at this point, as we enter frankly for the united states a third decade of negotiations with north korea. over their new nuclear weapons activities. we can't undo the history but important to understand better, where we are at and what needs to be done. it's now nearly 20 years since bob gluchi first sound down with north korea counterparts. some of those counterparts are

still the negotiators. many of the issues are still the same. it's now almost ten years since the intelligence community determined that north korea had underway covert highly enriched iranian program which led to the breakdown of the agreed framework early in the bush administration and triggered north korea's immediate resumption of its based nuclear weapons program that was followed soon thereafter by north korea's withdrawal. being the only state that has ever withdrawn from the nonproliferation treaty. it's been eight years since north korea took dr. sig hecker. and where he was able to handle a significant piece of metal deriving from the processing -- a year later. north korea declares that it had

manufactured nuclear weapons. a year after that deed a nuclear device for the fist time. it's been almost three years now since northee ya in the opening months of the obama administration despite president obama's persist taint plea to shake an adversary's hands. north korea determined and stated that it would renege on any denuclear agreement it had ever signed and that it would rumor nuclear testing. threatened the launching of an icbm, and it said that it would start an enrichment program long insists that it had never done in the first place. remarkably enough not in the following year. the early results of what north korea claims had been an on the spot decision to undertake

enrichment activity. of course what we saw was a modern uranium activity with about 2,000 centerfuges. it's now ten weeks since the death of kim jong-il and kim jong-il in many ways more than his father got identified with the formal consummation of the nuclear weapons in north korea that go back many, many decades well before the united states ever sat down to negotiate with north korea. north korea at this time has declared as steve noted, that they would undertake a moratorium on a nuclear testing. long range missile tests and also a cease productive talks

underway between the united states and north korea. so this, they would also consent although it is not -- a little ambiguous in the statement, but that they would consent as with the inspectors to jnog been absent since 2008. but one other encouraging sign north korea did assent claiming that it would accept the 1950s armist as a the interim basis for the peace and stability on the korean peninsula, the cornerstone was the word used. since north korea overt five or more years has regularly trashed the accord. we can take this as something as a positive sign. so north korea has claimed that yet again, it is prepared to

discuss denuclearization through a process of dialogue and negotiation, but i think it's safe to say that this is a bit like groundhog dog day, the movie. the question is whether the ending would be any different this time around. we can all concede that with north korea, all prices are subject to change without notice. and -- but nonetheless in the context of the passage of power to kim jong-il to kim jong-un. this is a window to north korea. and whether or not on that basis we might see any kind of a revisiting of their strategies and policies. that said, the caution is appropriate that north korea has regularly and repeatedly declared that it is a fully developed nuclear weapon state. that its nuclear missiles,

nuclear weapons and missiles are part of kim jong-il's legacy that he leaves behind, and that more to the point that north korea expects to be treated on an equal level with a recognition of its standing as a state in possession of nuclear weapons. all of this, of course, north korea has undertaken in acute national pressures from its allies, former allies, from its adversaries from the international atomic agency. all of this in the face of extreme economic isolations. it's a commitment that they take seriously.