research programs. the next major breakthrough really was the isolation of human embryonic stem cells in 1998, which raises prospects of a new era of regenerative medicine. as i said and also change the acoustics of the debate by burning in the question of an ethic of healing, hope for people suffering from reasoner diseases. first became much more visible in the political sphere. since then there has been a breakthrough in what are called reduced stem cells which can be created without the use from cells that are reprogrammed to act like everyone in some cells. so that -- some argue, it doesn't raise the questions.

others argue that the move floridian on all but she says. so that has been the more recent development. then the contemporary concerns around issues of pre implantation genetic diagnosis, whether in the context of an ibf procedure. parents may, even should look at different embryos in the future, what the doctors and make decisions on the genetic makeup of those embryos, which was to and plant, and that raises a whole new set of questions about whether the criteria for making such selections and where might we be going with that. >> are we at that point? >> select a specific embryos and make judgments? >> we are indeed. twenty years now, technology has been there. and usually has a rule it has been applied to avoid setting conditions, genetically based conditions. but this is an error which is not regulated in the united

states very effectively, whereas in the u.k., germany, and france it is illegal to select embryos, for example, on the sec's. there is an industry, fertility industry that in some cases, 40 percent of the cases in one survey offer family balance to families that want to make these kinds of selections based on that criteria. >> you will have to see whether science goes, our knowledge. as a stand-up, more conditions, not just diseases, high, intelligence, propensity to out dollars and the degree to the extent driver's genetic basis, we may be facing interesting ethical and political debates about what kinds of criteria can be used in the selection. >> what about the emerging superpower such as china.

>> working on now. and striking how unique the western atlantic experience is ben, partly because these are countries the united states and its major allies that were leaders in this technology early on that had a tradition of democratic deliberation where you had a series of national bioethics committee is deliberate, some open debate. first debates are far less invest in places like china, india, japan. and that think what we will see -- i hope we will see will be debates, ethical debates in most countries, some of those traditions. confucianism, buddhism, traditional religions as well as different perspectives on nature and science. this has to be a global debate eventually because if regard to draw lines, get to things like

human genetic enhancement, some kind of international coordination will be necessary. the after a mouse different traditions and different points of views. >> release stand right now as far as our law structure and democratic politics? >> well, we have, i would say, difficult status quo that immersed gradually. it has been the cases the mid-1970s that federal funding research results and the destruction of embryos. does not available. and president obama, to the chagrin of some of his supporters, did not try to overturn that. it goes back to 1995. appropriations. renewed in subsequent years. what he has done, and which

represents a change, just as the buses of restoration, broaden the array of some cells in embryonic stem cells available to researchers working with federal funds. it was the case that, you may recall in 2001, president bush limited the sales to arrive before that date in 2001, and obama has opened it up somewhat. so what's striking is not much changed on the federal level in terms of funding the research that it involves the destruction of embryos. and not much change in terms of regulating the private sector. it's one of the most amazing things from a comparative perspective. the idea that we separate out research and use polarizing debates about that. get lots of stuff this goes on the private sector without much oversight. had. >> professor thomas banchoff, georgetown.

ethics and policy in democracy, published by cornell university press, an associate professor here at georgetown, part of a government and the school service. this is book tv on c-span2. >> is there a nonfiction of barbecue like to see featured tracks in this and e-mail at book tv and c-span.org. tweet us at twitter dot com / book tv. and now author of becoming american. he said down with book tv to talk about our book and her work at georgetown university. this is about 20 minutes. >> right now joining us on book tv is professor yvonne yes, back she was the author of this book, becoming american, though forging of arab and muslim identity and pluralist america.

this is published by baylor university press. muslims start coming to the u.s. >> it depends. some people think there were here before columbus. some people think that at least one of them came with columbus. but major -- of the concentrated group started coming in the 1870's. >> why? >> well, mostly from lebanon because the famine. the young people were looking for work. there were in lebanon engaged in raising silkworms for the soap industry. and there was obliged. the mulberry trees died. and so they could not raise any more, but the other thing that happened this that japanese soap began to compete. the industry fell apart.

so this started to come here. >> what was the reaction in 1870's when arabs and muslims first started coming to the u.s.? >> well, became a specialist. they weren't really part of the sort of maine trade and the industry. but they began to sort of battle little trinkets to farmers. for example, connecticut in springfield. there was this woman who ran away from love and not, married to an 18 year-old man. she opened the store. they would come. there would have for name. there would be pinned on her jacket. somebody would put them on the train from new york. they end up in springfield. she would put them out. there would go out. and then sears roebuck came. sears began to deliver to the

rural areas. there for that business sort of came to an end. so they started opening stores once again to sell. >> with a strong muslims at that time? >> well -- >> more of a secular. >> well, the first arabs to come were christian. then ten years later the muslims began to come because basically these arab christians would go back, have money, build houses and everybody can see, then made money in america. and so you begin to help muslims reluctantly at first coming. we know of when guy giving them the ship. he asks if their mawson america and they said no so he got out. the others came to my basically came in to make money and go back. did not come to settle.

>> other times in u.s. history when waves of muslim came to the state? >> well, some came after world war one. a short time, but by 1924 the united states, only 100 people from the middle east it come to the netting states per year. and they had to be relatives of people who are already here. so between the 1924 and the second world war we have a time in which very few muslims came. the second world war, you have muslims from east europe, because especially from bosnia. the far places where the united states had recruited them from labor camps, actually from displaced people's camps, and a trained them with the idea of sending them to russia to fight, but then they didn't know what to do with them, so that brought them to the united states.

then the united states recruited people from the muslim world after 1952 because that's when they yeah states went into the business of trying to block the spread of communism in muslim countries. and so we have a lot of propaganda based on that, and they recruited students to come and study for their master's degree or ph.d. degree in the united states. some of these people did not go back. and then after 1965 we have the major immigration from the united states and bullous year. the decision act. and then we began to have people from asia coming in. with so we had different ways. >> professor yvonne haddad, how many muslims or arabs are in the u.s. at this time? >> there is a contest will. nobody knows.

nobody is counted them. lamont's estimate that there are about 11 million. some of the surgery's, the organizations, about 3 million. the arab christians same their 3 million arab christians in the united states. the number is increasing. over a million christians from egypt. they're not outcome to the notice states.

but they're is a process of emptying christians of the middle east. because of the situation, the political situation in the middle east. there are questions whether christianity would survive in the middle east. syria now has some problems so after the arabs bring in needed to what you have is fear. so anybody who had relatives, a western countries just try to get out of egypt. and, of course, as a consequence of liberation on some, so they emigrated. >> is this such a thing as a muslim identity?

>> come to my class, an iranian students. have a palestinian students. if you can think of that. to have it means that you can feel comfortable living in america and at the same time maintain is police, separate between the two. there are other muslims to believe the your primary identity should be muslim, so you have to dress and a distinctive white. some muslims. so it depends who decides what the muslims. >> christianity. >> absolutely.

no different. >> what is a moderate muslim? >> that is somebody that george bush was looking for. because george bush divides into good and bad. >> here? >> i don't know what's fair. basically a good muslim according to the bush a ministration, somebody who followed our policies, somebody. and he did not contest the said. what has happened is there is a question in the muslim community. i think that a lot of americans are very apprehensive about the presence of muslims. will we call the phobia. sort of writing. the american society.

i think that american society, the phobia. make a living. well, you have the governor, i mean, all list. a study recently this said that they have $30 million. so also muslims who make money out of demonizing. they become the in farmers. there's a whole list of them. then they go around saying, a muslim, know what ag. the give the money.

so who decides what is? i don't know. somebody you demonizes islam, somebody who takes his religion seriously, according to some muslims have to follow the safe. if it's somebody who renounces, which is what our current group of people running for office in the republican party want. gingrich wants to bend. very interesting. sharia laws in the ground. so if somebody has to renounce, after an ounce as long. >> after september 11th the attitude towards moslem changed, or had that been building? >> starting to build. so we begin to have people testing about. did somebody who talks about the

crash of civilization. a round of middle east talking about it. and it is a response from, for example, ron was talks about civilization did together, work together. but this urban this demand that they get so much september 11th as the propaganda that surrounded the war which was necessary. if you're going to energize american people to support the war had to have trillions of dollars poured into a war and thousands of american young people killed in the project. if to justify it somehow. so, you know, i'm not saying that they hate us. i'm not saying that the one to kill us. all i'm saying is the hype for the war generated a great deal of hostility.

now it has more industry. so where people pour money into it. >> what about the phenomenon of suicide bombers? >> well, very interesting topic. and if you look at the articles, the claim that the palestinians, they do this because they can't afford to get married, so they do it in order. the is to gratification. they have a right away. so i think that you looked at it as the people who are desperate and people who don't know how to cope with what they feel is extreme repression. sometimes talk about the simpson model. people don't like to hear it.

the christian church. and in the sunday school. why is it justified in the bible? that condition. there's nothing they can do. some of them say give me a 16. and then we can have, you know, an equal work. i can't do anything. what else to do? i'm not justifying it. i missed any words coming from. it's going from this great feeling, is there anything i could do? relieve the suppression. >> a major role.

>> i think it's creating enemies address throughout the muslim world. this will saying, is rose against. christians and muslims and israel. for example, there are 45 laws on the bus in israel that discriminate against christians and muslims. the state, a jewish faith. religious israeli citizens. they can buy houses someplace. a discussion with a rabbi. i asked him. he give saying that their run for office and they have arab-israeli who is serving, but

the question i asked him, which she didn't like his the jewish community in the united states, the same laws that bar employers from christians and muslims, import and the united states. a christian. but they like the same laws. it's wonderful. and he got very mad at me. of course there would like it. you can't buy houses where they want to. in fact, they bill the house and it might be demolished. you know, appropriated, but basically because of the distinction between a national and citizen, this privileges. >> the take away in your book? >> doing very hard to become americans. the question of whether americans accepted.

i sort of use to look at muslims has been accepted into american society. the catholics and jews were really despise in early america. and eventually, if you look at the supreme court we have nine justices of the peace. all these people that were despised a century ago, and now that's what america is about. well, i don't know whether a muslim this point to be a member of the supreme court, but that's not the question. but the muslims be able to integrate such a way that nobody will raise a question about the participating in defining what america is? then i realized that at the moment we can look at them that way. we have to look at them from the purview of what america does with people that it wars

against. so elected hal the u.s. religious mr. woolard. there were persecuted. some of them were put in internment camps. the research came out. there were university of wisconsin, they took all the german books and burned them. germans disappeared. there's so many people of german background in the united states, but you don't have german-american this, german-american that. so they get simulated completely all the muscles, you know, they have that. the second world war, we have the japanese. they were entered. no, i no pillion know, there was a time, the 1970's, that there were thinking of putting oil --s

and arabs in the internment camps in the south, military bases. they didn't. and they didn't after september september 11th. the third war was against communism. and i think that that is more parallel to what happened to islam. it's being looked at as and ideologies rather than a religion. you know, even though the u.s. has accepted a large group of religious, as long still continues to be an inside. >> what is your background? >> come from syria. my mother was born in india, my father and nurses. original christians of the middle east. it. >> and when did you come to the states? ready to go to school? >> i came in 1963.

[inaudible] >> and you went to school -- >> i went to school at boston university school of theology, university of wisconsin. seminary education. >> what do you teach it to extend? >> i teach islamic studies and also air christians. arab intellectuals. >> how many books have you written? >> i have written in excess of 203. >> all of this topic. >> no. islamic concept. >> we have been talking with tourist town professor the von, becoming americans. the forging of arab and muslim a disease. >> it would wear garments made

of homespun cloth. it would be much more like textured. was this one. by wearing the suns went off, women were visibly and physically displayed the political sentiment. >> george mason university professor rose marie on the role of women during the revolutionary war, part of american history tv this weekend. >> real discussions. i was unhappy with the product. in the movie obviously you have a process and a to still down into two hours, you know, out of necessity some of the time lines are rearranged, but that's the issue story of what happened. the question of the vetting, we get to the end of the process.

and senator mccain had determined who he wanted to pick we have the realization that we can't win with any of the candidates, as was displayed in the movie. an extraordinarily difficult set of election circumstances. you know, we were going to be outspent by $200 million. the president, his approval rating was in the 30's. barack obama was speaking to crowds of hundreds of thousands in europe. there was a fervor for his candidacy on the part of the press. trying to figure out how to win. and when the person who said, we should take a look. you know, from alaska. >> the proud of that moment? >> you know, that moment freezes and slows down in my brain. you know, standing, a couple of days of the jersey shore. and i remember everything,

remember every aspect of the moment. i could smell the smell of long beach island, you know, the salt air. tina, the cars in front of the house. i pick up the phone and called rick davis. i said, we should take a look at sarah palin. the vetting the was done, i said to wreck that it's very important. rick was in charge of the vetting process. they should be fully and completely vetted, like all the other candidates. ten lawyers and 20 lawyers in a couple of days so we done with three lawyers over a couple of weeks for all the other candidates. and there were four parts to that. and the first part -- and you could do a documentary on this alone -- person point to bring a man. congratulations console log. a do want to make the part about