anymore. we're not really a constitutional republic in many respects because so much of our government is now wrote. we have a massive bureaucracy, and it doesn't matter who you vote for and it's not a representative republic either. so i thought, what is it? well, it's not the america that the founders founded. it's something else. and i think -- i came up with the name ameritopia. i don't know where we're going with it. i don't think anybody knows where we're going with it, but a lot of people -- if you're a farmer today, you're being put upon like never before by the

environmental protection agency. if you're a rancher you're being put upon by the interior department like never before. we have private property owners under attack all over this country. we have businesses, small businesses, too, under attack in every direction, and at it getting much and much worse, and then we hear these politicians talking about you have to have skin in the game. i think, is that what we were founded for to have skin in the game? no, we were founded for them to make sure our liberty is protected. not for us to get skin in the game for the bureaucrats and politics. so basically the title -- i said i got to figure out one word that kind of explains it and then explains it more in the book, and that's ameritopia, a mix between america and utopianism. >> you can log for this book and

others online on booktv.org. >> now a panel from the tucson festival of books, they discuss emerging from the shadows: women in the lives of wilson, jefferson, and twain" about an hour. >> welcome to the leadoff batting situation of the tucson book festival. our session is called: poo "emerging from the shadows: women in the lives of wilson, jefferson, and twain." i'm julie temple and i will be your moderator today. i spent -- sent the authors four questions to think about and they're free to range widely or to answer some of these specifically. so i will just go through them quickly. what was the most intriguing discovery you made about your subject?

what were the challenges of balancing the women's lives against the more famous men to whom they were attached? whoa what audience did you imagine reading your book? and how disthis influence your writing. i think they were thinking of a paying audience -- what is a mystery or question that still puzzles you about the woman or the women. each of our authors has agreed to speak for eight minutes, which should leave us some active time for questions and answers. our first author is kristi miller, a research fellow, the author of four books, enormously popular bayhography, isabella greenway, followed by letters between eleanor roosevelt and is sell la greenway. today she will focus on her

later book about woodrow wilson's first ladies, and edith would be wilson's second first lady. okay. >> well, judy, i was intrigued to discover that woodrow wilson and both his wives were completely different from what i imagined when i began the project. i've seen pictures of woodrow wilson, so i decided he was probably cerebral and cold. i knew next to nothing at all about his first wife, so she couldn't have been very important or interesting. i heard plenty about woodrow0s second wife, edith, most of it sad. she had the reputation for a power-hungry woman who was a secret woman president for 18 months, and i was wrong about all of these people.

as i began to research, i came to realize that woodrow wilson was a deeply passionate man. i discovered he had an eight year intimate relationship with another woman during this first marriage. now i was surprised, but that was not really an intriguing discovery because it was not the first time a presidential candidate had had that type of relationship in his background. the really intriguing discovery for me was that the importance of his two wives was pretty much the opposite of what i had imagined. ellen was far from a complete nonentity. she had a major influence on the first lady's of the 20th 20th century. edith merely provided a cautionary example of the limits of a first lady's power. ellen's future influence could not have been predicted from her

early life. she came from a small town in rural georgia, after the civil war. but she was a perfect partner for the ambitious young professor. she was unusually well educated for a woman in her time and place. and she helped her husband with his studiesment she learned german so she could translate political items with him. she helped him with his speeches. she critiqued them. provided quotations because she knew a lot of poetry, and with her help woodrow wilson became a successful professor, became president of princeton university, governor of new jersey, and finally, 100 years ago, he was elected president of the united states. so in 1913, ellen wilson found herself in the white house. now, this is not a place that she ever imagined she would be or wanted to be. she thought being a professor's

wife was the pinnacle of achievement. but once she found herself there she determined to use her position to do good. she had been interested in social work ever since she was a student in an arts school in new york, and so she began to look around for a project in washington, dc. and she discovered that behind the capital building there was a maze of alleyways. they were dark and dirty, bred crime and disease, and ellen wanted those buildings torn down and replaced with modern i high generallic ones. at that time the city was run by the congress, and she drove the congressmen through the alleys to show them the squalor that existed. as far as i know she was the first first lady to come pain for a cause that was not her

husband's, outside of the white house. however, during woodrow's second year in office, he health began to suffer. she had kidney disease, and she had to give up her activities. by june of 1914, she could no longer get out of bed. june of 1914 saw the assassination of the arch duke of austria, and soon the world was as war. by august 6th. ellen was dying. she realized she was running out of time so she asked her husband's chief of staff to go up to capitol hill and tell the members of congress, she would die more easily if they would just pass an alley bill. the senate took action in time for herrer to hear about it before she died. the house took action shortly thereafter but the legislation was never implemented because of the outbreak of world war i.

at this point, ellen's life seemed fairly inconsequential. it would be 20 years before her influence would make itself known. meanwhile, she left a grieving husband, but a year after her death, he married a lively widow. edith. she became his partner, too. she worked closely with him during world war i, decoding secret telegrams as they came in from europe. together, after the war, they went to paris, where he negotiated the paris peace treaty of versailles, and that provided for a league of nations, something he very much wanted. but he was ahead of his time. the senate in the united states objected to theologer of -- the league of nations and refused to ratify it. so woodrow, with edith,

undertook a grueling train trip across the united states to try to rally support among the american people for the league of nations. the trip proved too much for him. his health broke down. they sped back to washington, dc, but it was too late. he suffered a massive stroke. he was partly paralyzed. he could hardly speak. and nobody knew what his mental faculties were like. as the president he was completely incapacitated. so edith wilson stepped in, and she assumed more power than any first lady before or since. she instructed his doctors and the white house staff to keep his condition a secret. if it became known his opponents would have forced him from office. she knew that woodrow wilson would not have wanted that and she always did what he wanted. during the next 18 months, the remainder of his term, edith

decided who would be allowed to see woodrow wilson and what issues would be brought before him. but mostly she just postponed decisions, hoping he would get better and deal with. the himself. she was actually implored to take more action for the sake of the country, and she said, i'm not thinking about the country. i'm think can about my husband. what i realized was that -- edith wilson was a traditional wife. i found instead it was ellen wilson who really broke new ground. let me tell you how. in her husband's administration, there was a young assistant secretary of the navy. his wife was a tall, shy woman. and she went to the white house. she knew ellen wilson. her name was eleanor roosevelt.

in the years after ellen's death, no other first lady lobbied for any legislation. but in march of 1933, the first thing eleanor roosevelt did on entering the white house, was to go up to capitol hill and begin to lobby for another alley bill. as you know, she went on to lobby for many other causes. and she set an example for modern first ladies who are now expected to lobby for their own causes outside of their husband's interests. whoever presides in the white house next year, whether it's michelle obama, or ann romney, or someone else, we'll be expecting her to follow ellen wilson's lead, whether she knows it or not. thank you very much. [applause] >> thank you so much, kristi.

virginia scharff is distinguished professor of history and director of the center for the southwest at the university of new mexico. the scholarly booked include taking the wheel, women in the coming of the motor age, and 20,000 roads, women's movement and the west, and two text books. she was a research fellow at young university in 2008. and is woman chair of the autry national center in los angeles. she was president of the western history association in 2008. in case you have extra reading time, under the name of virginia swift, she is the author of several mysteries. today she is speaking on the women jefferson loved. >> it's great to be back in tucson, greet see judy again did. get my ph.d here at the university of arizona and i'm thrilled be back in my old neighborhood. so thank you for having me here. this book, the women jefferson

loved, is about the women that thomas jefferson felt he had made sacred promises to, so it's about his mother and his wife, his daughters and granddaughters and the women of his greater family. when i say the women jefferson love, what name comes to mind? i know why you're all here. sally hemings, the person that his white family tried hardest to erase. this is his granddaughter, ellen randolph coolidge, and she tried to i.e. race the story about thomas jefferson and sally hemings, and she said this relationship between my saint grandfather and this slave girl could not have exited. he wouldn't have done it. she called it a moral impossibility. i'm going to guess that the people in this room know there

are lots of things that are not moral in human relationships but there are hardly any things that are impossible. so did the kind of story that ellen coolidge told about thomas jefferson's family looked like this sentimental image of what thomas jefferson would have called the tender and tranquil amusements of domestic life, and this are other granddaughters and they're out there having a nice time. but the moral impossibility that his -- the white side of his family tried to say that this relationship would have been, it was not a moral impossibility. it was a family tradition. so, this is -- i put this thing together, diagramming it out, putting things on peg boards and then harper colins cleaned it up. it's in the book so you can tell the players because you have the program here.

but what you will see is over there, if you can find thomas jefferson there -- i don't have a laser pointer -- right next to him is martha what's, and martha what's' father, in the first generation there had three wifes. he married and buried three women, and then -- and his first wife was the mother of the thomas jefferson's wife. after his third wife today he took up with a half africaa, half english slave woman of his named elizabeth hemings. so bette hemings officers there and with bette he had six children, the youngest of whom was sally. so 'thomas jefferson's wife and sally hemings were half centuries and they couldn't have not known. if there are six kids running around the house i'm guessing you would know who he the father is. so thomas jefferson's relation

with sally is the second generation in this family of english -- men of english ancestry to have a relationship, an intimate relationship with children, with a hemings woman, so salary hemings had one african grandparent and three english grandparents. her children were thomas -- with thomas jefferson are mostly english ancestry but what happens is her niece, betsy hemings, after thomas jefferson's daughter polly dies, betsy takes up with john whales, so there's a third generation. we have an interracial family. a house divided. who shadow families that lived together, and i found that the question that intrigued me most, the thing that really got me going, was the question of how did they deal with each other?

what was it like when they were all in the same room? how can we understand the kinds of lies, secrets and silences that this family lived with? all families -- i mean, lives, secrets and -- families are where lies, secrets and silences live. so how do we wrap our heads around the story? these are the places these women lived. one of the big surprises i got right in the middle of the map, elening hill, which was martha jefferson's monticello, and you can read more about the place she cared about most. thomas jefferson actually brought it for her. a house where she lived with her first husband. that told me he loved her. how many guys buy the house where their wife lived with her first husband? and that told me she had a certain influence over him as well. so that was something else that i learned from this book. we have very few documents about

these women so thinking about that, finding sources, very difficult. here is an example of the tender and tranquil amusements of domestic life. a page from martha jefferson's journal, and you see this lovely little doodle over here with the birdeys on the branch. and historians love that. but i thought, tender and tranquil amusement? what word appears on these pams more than anything else? kill, kill, kill. we're wading knee deep in blood at monticello, and if you read the book you can find out about that. well, i guess my most interesting conclusion out this, or the thing that leally made me feel as if this was a book that people would really want to read, was a question about thomas -- how we deal with thomas jefferson's interracial family because there's been so much energy put into denying it. so, thomas jefferson had a complicated family? why would we want the most

complicated man in american history to have a simple family? does anybody in this room have a complicated family? i think if we give up the simple story we get something that is a lot better. and what we get is a founding father for all of us. thank you. [applause] >> i'm sure there won't bethany questions about that. >> okay. >> our third author is laura trombley, the fifth president of fister come and is in the tenth year of her presidency, when she walked in, she looked so young i was going to card her. she attended pepperdine university at age 16, and after graduating summa cum laude received her ph.d. while in her ph.d program she discovered the largest known

cache of mark twain's letters. she is the author of five books, three about twain, including mark twain in the company of women. the most recent book about who she is going to talk today is mark twin's other woman. the hidden story of his final years, and ginger is going to call up the other power point. we're having a technical moment. >> thank you. it's great to be here in tucson, and i appreciate your interest in all of our work. if you recognize the guy up there, that is exactly what he wanted. in fact you're all part of mark twain's plan, and you're just helpless participants in making sure that he remains forever one of america's most iconic writers, and when i say that i don't really say it lightly. in many ways we all live in a mark twain world and it's easier if we just give ourselves up to it. the woman standing next to twain

is is -- is it a -- isabelle and she was an interesting character and possessed an enormous power over her subjects. when most people think of mark twain, this who is they think of. this is the face they see, and if that's true for you, that's exactly the face that twain wanted you to envision 102 years after his death. and he would absolutely determined that he was going to write the events of his life for you to remember, whether they had any bearing to reality or not. and so when you try and work with a figure who is so well known and so beloved and who spent the last decade of his life working every day to create his own edifice and legacy, as a

biographer it's difficult to come back and peel back the layers because no one was ever supposed to figure this out. so what that means is i spent 16 years trying to figure out his last book because he is an awfully good writer and it's hard to pierce that veil. so here's some images of twain that perhaps most people aren't familiar with. twain as a younger man. considered himself to be wildly attractive. about 5'8", red hair. here he is, the naked twain. you don't often see this photograph. but here he is posing for a bust of himself. he rarely walked by a camera without stopping. and here's the young twain. probably the twain that most people have never seen before, and this is a photograph that he took of himself just before he left missouri to work as a journeyman printer and travel to new york. if the clothes look illfitting, that's because they weren't his. he was so poor that when he had

the photograph taken, they had rental suits to ware, and here's the twain i spent 16 years trying to get to there he is. and it was very, very difficult to try to peel back all of the different kinds of stories and fictions that twain had written, and the purpose of that was so you would never meet this person. isabelle vancleve lion, and she came to work for twain in 1902, two years before his wife olivia passed away. at that time he was the world's first global celebrity. no one was as famous as mark twain. and he had traveled the world by this point. he was wearing his wife's suit pretty much 24/7. he was very astute when it came to branding himself, and his family could no longer keep one -- keep up with the correspondence, and so she was hired as his social secretary in

1904 his wife olivia passed away. now, up until that point in time, isabelle lived outside of the home, as soon as possible olivia passed, twain asked her to move in with him. and she lived with him for six and a half years, and she kept a record of her time with tape, and because of her we know how he was degree daily. who he was seeing, his thoughts, expressions, and isabelle was determined that she would be remembered as a part of twain's life. however, at a certain point twain was equally determined that she would not. and so for those of you who might wonder about your legacy, how do you want to be remembered? i'll tell you what mark twain did and you can decide who you want to opt in. first thing you do is hire your own biographer and make them financially depent dep on you, which is exactly what twain did when he hired paine.

he had paine live with him. he drank with paine, played billiards with paine and built his house next to paine in connecticut. pain was not about to write anything that twain didn't approve of. in fact, correspondence still exists where twain would threaten pain. he started to reading thises or had access to things tape wasn't comfortable with. so lesson number one, hire your own writer. lesson number two, write your at to guy biography, which twain did starting 30 years before his death. he was still living his life as he was recounting this life and his first volume was published last year and was ranked higher than keith richard's' autobiography and i thought that was an interesting moment, mark twain beat a rolling stone.

but the by the time the third volume is published you'll have access to 5,000 pages ofmark twain, over half a million works and as twain was dictating his biography, he made it clear this is not about my life as it happened. this is about my life is a wanted it to be, chase great strategy. you're always right, you're funny, your kid thank you for your advice. and this is what twain left for us to read. he also, though, at that point in time, thought his only real competition was shakespeare, and he knew shakespeare wasn't coming out with anything knew so that's why he put in the stipulation this had to be published 100 years after his death. then the last thing you do -- this is crucial for you -- there may be people who know you too well, people who know your secrets. your key. you don't want anybody to know about this. so, do what twain did. he wrote a 475 page blackmail

manuscript about this woman. and this is the last manuscript he wrote in his life. he spent his last months writing, for hours hours and ho, about isabelle. he gave the manuscript to his own surviving daughter, claire la, and told claire are, if she tries to step forward, publish this and it will destroy her. if you ever try and have any role in my father's life, claim any relationship to my family, this will be published. is bell was so terrified she moved to canada and lived there for a while. so this manuscript was something that twain scholars never could make any sense of because it is twain at his most ugly and does not agree with any of other

documents he left about his wife, and so what twain scholars did for decades was ignore it because it really didn't fit in to anything else that was being written at the time. and so when i wrote my first biography of twain i started to hear bits and pieces about isabella and then i ran across her writings, and i realized this atreasure trove and no one has done anything with and it i couldn't figure out why. as it turns out, until clara died in the early 60s, no one was to know of this because actually isabelle hatt had stipulated all of her papers remained secret because she was convinced if clara found them she would have the destroyed. so there was the blood feud that existed decade after tape's death. however once isabelle's writing became public for scholars to look at, because no one knew much about more and there was a

a gender bias and because she was his sac, perhaps -- his secretary, she didn't have much to say. i thought i would transcribe her papers and publish them and 50 twain scholars would be very happy with me. however, is a started transcribe her writing i realize there was an an alternative theory emerge and she told a completely different story out twain's final years and it was story of a family that really could not deal with the weight of his celebrity, his middle daughter, clara, hated her father. when she was five amongst pregnant with his only grandchild she refused to tell him. his younger daughter jean was extremely ill, and suffered from enhis si and died as a result of her illness at a time there was a huge stigma with epilepsy and

no would you none. -- and no one knew... [laughter] but he's dead and i'm not. so i get to be here interview all of mark twain secrets. thank you. [applause]

>> well, i hope you are awake enough to ask questions about secret silences, shadows, lies. we are being live streamed on c-span, and so they have given me a microphone. we are going to probably ask you to do your question by microphone, and if that becomes too unwieldy, if you can keep our really brief question i will just repeat it into the microphone. okay. someone like to start? >> very brief. >> okay. >> how successful do you feel that you actually know what your subject was thinking when these things are happening? >> i think that is a really hard question to answer because these guys were really good at trying to obscure their feelings from us, and this is exactly what laura was talking about. in the case of jefferson rather than writing, he burned.

albright? so what you had to do was go through every piece of paper that he left behind and try to look for those patterns a burning. it was like roszak test. you know? soul to a certain extent when someone is trying to hide things from you you cannot have certainty about what they're feeling and what they're doing, but you can deduce both from the kinds of things they choose not to leave behind so that they are highlighted other things and also from all of the behavior that they do. i feel very confident that i know how thomas jefferson felt about the of women that i wrote about because he was writing to them and about them. in other cases because he was acting in particular ways that let me know. he freed all of the children that he had been selling a means. they were among the only people who were freed as well. most of the people that he owned had to be sold to pay his debts. i think that knowing that tells

us a great deal about how he felt about sally hemming, so we can look at all kinds of evidence to find these things out. >> i don't think it's too hard to figure out that anyone who puts in the kind of labor that twain did in order to fictionalize his life with someone who was deeply insecure and determined that he was going to be remembered in a particular way. i think what surprised me was learning about just how driven he was. and i think that he was driven by fear. he was not going to disappear. he was going to make a name for himself, and then it was a name for ever more. what i was surprised about was how they did not seem to be any boundaries for him. he was going to be remembered as the greatest of there, the best husband, and the most loving father, and he did not care who he had to destroy in order to make sure that that was going to happen. and at the same time, i have to

look at what he managed to accomplish with a degree of respect and fear because he was so extraordinarily successful at doing so. in fact to know when i first published this book -- and they're is a lot that obviously i have not mentioned. he forced his daughter into a loveless marriage. he did all kinds of things. between community was really quite, i think, disturbed by what i have written because there was a sense that we should speak of those things. and i thought that it was first as the biography -- biographer, incredibly important we talk about these things. i also felt it gives us a much better perspective of twain that we have ever had before. it is important for the washington stop. >> i was less interested in woodrow wilson then in the lion -- wives. i never could understand why ellen wilson tolerated his a year relationship with mary peck

i have some theories that maybe she just wanted -- she may believe that mary was a family friend. almost immediately after their relationship began she and woodrow wilson visited mary peck at her home in massachusetts. mary peck was actually the social hostess in bermuda, and mark twain was there. there is a picture of mark twain , the girlfriend, and woodrow wilson. i thought that was rather fun. i can't wait for the next volume to see what he had to say about them. but ellen wilson befriended her and pretended that she was a family friend and accepted this. and i just have all these theories. i would love to test them, but there is absolutely no evidence. this summer after she discovered the intensity of the relationship -- and woodrow wilson had always had a female friends, and she in kurds that

because she was not very high spirited. woodrow wilson, surprisingly enough, was extremely high spirited. he loved to sing and dance until jokes and recite limericks. she wasn't like that. she was a very serious to mysterious woman. she encouraged french ships, but she knew this one was different. he was much more emotionally involved. oliver letters the summer after she discovered this are missing. i'm sure she destroyed those. the patterns of things that are missing a very eloquent. but i think she wanted to try to protect him from scandal. in some ways woodrow wilson protected himself from scandal, again, but that image. during the campaign of 1912 when theodore roosevelt was running out of third-party ticket, the bull moose ticket and william howard taft was running and wilson was running what people came to woodrow -- to the

roosevelt and said, we have letters between woodrow wilson and mary peck. if you publish and you will win. roosevelt said, no, that would be wrong. also, nobody would believe me. going to think the man is a romeo. he looks like the apothecaries' clerk. [laughter] >> great. okay. >> the feature running through each of your books. very active. in the case of wilson, jefferson , particularly jefferson's family, very effective. jefferson, family that surrounded him. is it just possible that they were so thoroughly in the nile

that they justin recognize? >> you know, that is something that has been the lot of sleepless nights wondering about. in that thing that it's possible that in some cases you're able to convince yourself that what is right in front of your eyes is not true. if you are invested enough in the story. at the same time, the people you are looking at, who when they cut their head, the kid that is carrying out your bed pan or whatever, your chamber pot, or making the fire in your room, that could cut their head and look just like your aunt martha. so. you all know them. you see your children. changing before your eyes and suddenly you see both of these kind of characteristics and you just look away. so i think those are eloquent moments.

i think they were very effective in this denial, but at the same time that the is live side of the family -- and i say enslaved, although they were enslaved for two generations and then free for the rest of the history, they kept the story alive. so in order to tell yourself this is untrue you had to be actively denying something that somebody else was saying. so that is really -- and, in fact when you have to bequeath that legacy in the same way twain did, the descendants of the rental side, the legitimate side made a point of hiring the right biographer to tell the story. they gave the official story. this became the official story. pulitzer prizes have been one on the story. it is taken and so really the dna evidence of 1997 so that the weight of science is weighed in on the side of having a family story. this is something they actually had to deny for many years. the attack -- the idea that we

justin see it, maybe you can say that to yourself even as you are saying their liars. everyone of them as a liar, so think about that kind of a complex psychological exercise to fedex -- exercise. >> i don't think that the wilsons were really into the nile. i think they were into a cover-up, which can be quite different. they did not want other people to know it, but i think one of the reasons that ellen wilson tolerated his with mary peck was that she knew her husband. she felt that he needed this woman in his life. she loved him very much, and she was willing to tolerate it. the second wife was not so tolerant. he confessed the relationship to her. he described it as their relationship that he had long ago loathed and repented of. that kind of language makes me think there was something to love and repent of. although there is no direct

evidence of exactly what was going on. but she put an end to it. but i don't think they were personally in the mile. i think they all knew what was going on. >> there is a great richard pryor joke that i feel compelled to share with you. he used it -- i used to tell this joke. he's in bed with another woman. his bikes -- wife roxanne, sees this, very upset, runs outside. the policy. how can you cheat on me. i was cheating on you. you going to believe me or your lying eyes? [laughter] so it's a question about the lying guys here. so twine was going to make sure that you were going to believe him whether it was true or not. but isabel was really very transgressive. at the end of for life she was determined that she was not going to be forever. she secretly arranged for her papers to be kept at between archives, making a secret deal that they would be kept in a

locked room so clara could never find out about them. she also came up and had written a transcript of for ridings, again based on the assumption that if clara passed away first then it could be published, but if isabel passed away she hoped that someone would, indeed, publish those for her, but that never came to pass. clara past after is builds it. but one of the most important things this she did, in the 50's she held a series of secret meetings with a young actor who at the time was thinking of creating a one-man stage show of mark twain. she had all of these stipulations for these meetings. they had to take place at night. he had to come to her apartment. he could never tell anyone in the meeting. how holbrook came and met with her, and he has now been doing twain longer than twain did twain. [laughter] and the twain did you see is actually the twain that isabelle gave. so she taught him how he walks,

talks, delivered a joke. >> isn't that an amazing story? i'm going to have to repeat your questions because it turns out this mike is bleeding into the other room. getting there questions for completely different authors. [inaudible question] >> all right. the question is about that. that my twin was in paris. >> he was -- 20 love europe and often visited paris. he -- i'm not sure exactly what you want to say about it, but he loved the parisian way of life. a man of letters, had many friends there. he first went to paris when he was on the first advertised tourist trip to europe. he wrote about that in innocents abroad. and in innocents abroad, that is 31st started to perfect the

persona of mark twain who is kind of wisecracking westerner who had made jokes. you were never quite sure whether he was making fun of the character he had created, himself, you, the parisians. it's kind of like a fun house hall of mirrors. one of my favorite lines from it , and i'll paraphrase. he said, you know, i never could quite figure out those french. when we were there we would always speak french to them, but they never seem to understand we are saying. [laughter] >> up there, please. [inaudible question] >> okay. continue with the theme of paris, did you include maria causeway in your coverage of jefferson? >> you know, my original intent was to give her up the entire section in the book because this is the woman, the anglo italian artist and musician that

jefferson was lovely in love with when he was in paris. of course all of you saw the death was put trail of jefferson by nick nolte. you know, in paris. he worked -- the worst testings in the history of hollywood to write? [laughter] should be stricken from the record for that one. so i actually went to italy to the archive which is not, let me tell you, anything like the library of congress. but selene against the door and paintings. how but spinning down. great. and, you know, this is a historian stream to get into a place like this. i had to go with an italian friend. it was great, a kind of mystery moment. but then, you know -- and i did write a lot about her in this book, but when i talk about the women jefferson loved, i think he was in love with her, but i don't think he felt like he had a sacred obligation to her.

and the way that he did with all of the women of his family. and so she becomes a kind of a figure in there who is almost a foil in some ways to the relationship that he had with sally hemming because maria causeway, i think, was in many ways to much woman for him or at least two public a woman. what is interesting is the ways in which their lives got more similar because he treated her as a little bagatelle. if you have seen pictures effort there is a famous self portrait that we now have, like get tintype -- not a tintype, but an etching done by somebody else, and so we have lost the painting. there is a self portrait of for which she is young, very, very beautiful woman. he treated her like somebody who he did not have to take very seriously, but she was a very serious artist. she was a very devout catholic. she ultimately founded a religious school for girls, and she was made a baroness of the

austrian empire. the cause of for good works and educating girls. and so when it came to educating girls, thomas jefferson said, you know, on the subject of female education, it is never really been a subject of serious contemplation with me. i decided that i should educate my daughter's the above their sex because i calculate their chances of marion a blockade at eight to one. [laughter] and if you read the book, that happened several times. this lady has had a question. [inaudible question]

>> all right. the question is about the state of biography when we no longer have letters. christie, the you want to start? >> i will. and i am sorry about that. i do think obviously it is easier to work with letters if you can get a hold of them, but i am glad that we have e-mail because it was looking, their for a while, as if everyone was going to communicate with everyone else all the time by telephone. now i hear much more frequently from my children by e-mail and by text than i do by telephone. so they're not going to be as full, and having edited the correspondence between roosevelt and green way, ariz. congresswoman, they had a 50 year correspondence in the early days. didn't really have anything else to do, and it would sit down and read each of these eight to ten pacesetters, which are marvelous. we probably won't ever have anything like that.

i am glad for e-mail, which looks like it's going to be archived somewhere around some clout forever. it's going to be keyword searchable and retrievable and all the rest. so i'm actually modestly encouraged by the advent of electronic media. >> i agree. i think that there is a lot of the information out there. in fact, since it took me so ridiculously long to write this book, i actually cross from one era into the next. i heard it best pre cyberspace. when i first started to work on this book i had to send letters to archives to get permission. it was very polite in genteel. i read, you know, thousands of pages looking for one thing in particular. then all of a sudden in 1996 you have the well-being and vintage. and so much material is digitize now that when i am looking for

someone i can just go and hit find and search for the new york times from 1908. i can have that kind of them permission retrieved. as president of a college i talked to my students quite a bit about, you know, keeping in mind that what seems wildly amusing today to post on facebook or wherever, at some point may not seem quite so amusing. so in some ways this is a world without any of the boundaries that used to exist between private and public space. so i think it will create challenges for biographers, but i don't think that there will be a dearth of informations. it's just a different kind of formation. and i think our tools are going to get really almost too good. when christie's says things will be archived on the cloud, you may think you believe that e-mail, but e-mails don't go away. and if you -- i mean, we think

that all of this information goes away, but it is retrievable at some point. if i were elizabeth ellen there i could find out anything now want to know about anyone of you. so maybe in the future there will be tools for biographers that can make every woman her own elizabeth fallen there. and we will be able to -- sorry, but you know, maybe we ought to go back to writing letters we can burn. [laughter] >> back there in the gallery. yes. [inaudible question] >> okay. i think that is an interesting question. how would the wives, the daughters and jefferson's dollars and $20, how would they feel about their lives being out it?

>> well, mccain said to wilson, they were presidential families. wilson came after a two-door roosevelts who really was the first american president to daughter was a celebrity. i think his wife tried very hard to keep in the shadows. helen taft wanted very much to have recognition. so i think that even had they wanted to, they had already given up a great deal of their privacy at that time. and now she says, they did take steps to burned letters. the great friend of woodrow wilson bought a lot of the mary peck letters after woodrow wilson's death. he kept some of them and put them in the library of congress, but he also burned a lot of the. so i have a feeling that whenever they left they knew was going to be there and that they did know that the family would

be in the public street me forever. >> i don't think i could have written this book had a of twain's descendants still belli. his only grand daughter committed suicide in the early 60's. so there are no more direct descendants. his daughter would have just been passed. she would have immediately sued me. in fact, atwain instructed her to keep lawyers on retainer to make sure that the official store would never change . isabel line, actually, past is never passed. and when i was doing all of this research i cold called her grand nephew and spoke to him. they worse -- they were furious about the things that he had said about his great aunt. he was 85 at the time. he's still alive and well and he actually just stopped playing

softball. and i went simi with them. for that family it was such an open wound. it was as though the set happened last week. they were furious at twain, furious of twain's dollars for relief fell to mistreated. so i talked to them about what i was doing, and their confidence, and when my vote was published his daughter called me. and things did very wacky because it's just such a huge figure and they're is a kind of madness that descends no matter what you're working on. and so i was really concerned about what their reaction might be. i think it was the first leg of my book tour, atlanta. she phoned and said, well, i've read your book. this is what i have to say. somewhere in heaven isabel is looking down, and she is smiling he finally gave her voice back. i thought, there was a great, great my having done something

tow raise their record. i think that it varies from woman to woman. some of these women wanted to carry their lives private as much as possible. for example, martha and jefferson, jefferson's wife was very much a private person. and that she did not anticipate that the of wall of separation between his public and private life would ever be breached. this was -- i mean, it's a phrase we know he used about church and state, but it was certainly true about how he felt as public and private life. when that wall was breached during the revolution, when cornwallis' came boiling out and actually occupied the place is a loved, this was a terrible thing to have this public and private life come together. so for her it would have been a difficult thing. at think for some of the other women in the story and certainly for his mother and i think his mother never anticipated that her story would be told in the way that it was. i mean, she died in march of

1976. she wasn't even the thomas jefferson we think of as thomas jefferson when she died. he had not become that guy yet. when it -- when you talk about his daughter, patsy, you talk and some of his granddaughters, it's a different story. i think they wrote letters they expected to be preserved or to preserve them in their own edited fashion. there were very literary letters. with some expectation that this would be a legacy for them. a couple of his granddaughters were just absolutely, you know -- they really would have liked to -- at one point when the families broke his granddaughter said i wish i was a man because i could do all kinds of things to say this family fortune that i can't to being a woman. but but we should start a school, mom. at least we -- you know, we can do that. in fact they did end up kind of saving some of what they had by the women starting a school, as

women were doing at that time. so it's going to vary from person to person, the same way that over the generations i think things changed from point of view of their attitudes toward relationships between masters and slave women. so jefferson's wife and i think, was more accepting of the idea that men in her family might have these kinds of extramarital relationships. by the time you get to the victorian granddaughters they are a generation that can talk about moral and possibilities in a way that their grandmother would not have recognized. >> i think we have time for one more question before we follow the authors to bear sightings. yes. >> starting you. ammine -- >> excellent question. what was the spark that started to on your decades-long journey for these books? with skill in opposite. >> when people ask me how long

have been writing this book as a, not sure. maybe 50 years and it might be five. i love thomas jefferson as a child. when i became a historian of women working with karen anderson here i was interest actually in writing a dissertation about jefferson and his views on women and the women in his life. karen and others said, oh, jefferson, he has been done to death. so i kind of put it off for a long time. then after i had written a bunch of other things and for mr. nobles. i had an agent to took me to lunch. she said, i'm ready stepping attention to your history. tell me what put you earn to write it was that moment. i mean, you live for somebody to ask you that question. i didn't even know what event. i said, i know. >> i guess it was a series of odd events that kept popping up

that made no sense to me, completely deviated from the excepted narrative. and as i kept doing research, more and more of these strange episodes kept coming up. one of the things i learned was that panera never told her daughter who her grandfather was until she was in her 20's. or the pair had never erected a monument in her father's honor and tell her first husband died, and she chose to create a monument honoring them both and called her father by his pen name. or the fact that when you go said that clemens in the elmira cemetery called clarice second husband who has my favorite title of anybody, and itinerant rushing gambler and musician, 20 years ended and his wife. she was the first cougar, you could argue. his grave has no marker.

you know, one of the things i heard was that is because they hate his guts. and so all of these weird little things kept cropping up. i thought, none of this chives, including the 475 page manuscript that makes sense in context of this other story. so i decided -- i read a lot of nasty drew when i was a kid. i was going to figure this out. >> i get interested about 25 years ago in women in politics. women's history was still a fairly new field, but a lot of focus had been on women and associations rather than women in partisan politics. and so that has been my focus for the last 25 years. i wrote about arizona's isabela greenway. she was a congresswoman in the 1930's. of course built the arizona. when the university press started doing a series aren't the first ladies of the 20th-century i was lucky enough

to get the assignment to do the wilsons because i got to do to instead of just one. >> all of our authors today are going to be doing a signing. to is leading us to the signing area? there she is. >> we can follow our others like the pied piper. thank you so much for being here. [applause] >> this event took place at that 2012 tucson festival books. to find out more visit to some festival books stop work. >> my journey into the black panther party started to before i became a panther. i think what i would like to do is just to read a little passage from the book and then show you how i happened to walk into the

panther office and have that date changed my life. this is chapter three of the book. and it's called finding the panther layer. i walked into panther office in brooklyn september 1968. wait a minute. wait a minute. wait a minute. i meant to save the best for last, but not until the end of the program. is the chairman here? chairman bobby seale, founder of the black panther party is in the house. please stand up. [applause] >> i was saving that. now, you didn't mean to do that at the end of the program. you wanted people to know that he's in the house and that would get a chance during the q&a to talk to the chairman. i walked into the panther office in brooklyn in september 1968. dr. king had been assassinated

in april of that year. riots flared in the ghettos around the country. the feeling of the street was that the ship was about to hit the fan. that power. heating whitey was the hip thing to do. from street corner speeches to campus rallies, where he had gone from being the man to being the beast. young black students were trading in their feel good motown records for the record of speeches about comebacks and the angry jazz recordings of arnett coleman. i went down to 125th street in harlem that night. the night that dr. king was assassinated. protesters and rioters stormed the streets clashing with cops, overturning cars, setting trash can fires and hurling bricks a white on businesses. one of the windows was shattered by an airborne trash can. lewis ran into the stores and started taking clothes and appliances and whatever else they could carry.

not everyone looted. in fact to most of the crowd continued to chant the king is dead and black power. it was enough for the cubs to start swinging clubs, shooting pistols, and making arrests. the cops grabbed me and threw me against a wall. before you can give me and put me into the betty wright a group of writers across the street turned the police car over. a cop told me to stay put and ran toward the riders. i was scared. i was a stupid. i took off running in the opposite direction i blended them with a group of writers and try to figure which will go. a group of cubs at its widest. some of the rioters ran into a clothing store that was being looted. i followed. the cops into the store's winning close in making arrests. my heart pounded as i ran into the back of the store and found the back door leading to an alley. i gasped for air as i ran down the alley and was stopped by a

wooden fence. the cubs came into the alley. halt, they yelled. put your hands up. in my mind i froze, but my hands in the air and turned around to face the cops with tears in my eyes. my body kept falling gas. i grabbed the offenses carried over the top like a scaredy-cat. two shots rang out. once planted the what of the fence near my butt. this gave me the fear, in general impression needed to flip over the fence, but myself off the ground and scramble out of the alley. when i turned out onto the street backup running right past to other calls to try to grab me, but i jerked away, turning the corner. i almost collided with a group of 20 or so black men in leather coats and army fatigue jackets wearing afros, standing on the corner in a military like formation. stop running away and brother. one of the men with a beaded tinted glasses says don't give these pigs nec's to get you down. i doubled overheating, trying to

get my breath. i didn't know this man, but his voice sounded like confidence in a sea of chaos. moments later to cops run around the corner. they stopped in their tracks with a sell the notes that men. the man closed ranks around me. what are you doing here, one of the cops demanded to move aside. the black men put into glasses did not flinch. we're exercising our constitutional right to free assembly. making sure no menace to five innocent people get killed here we are chasing looters >> no loose here. as you can see we are a disciplined community patrol. you have guns? that is what you said. i said we were exercising our constitutional rights. the cubs took him aside and the discipline of the courtroom moment, he walked away. by the time i caught my breath i was speechless.

by that time i caught my breath. i was speechless from what i had just seen. black men standing down the cops. go straight home, young brother, the man with the tinted glasses said. the pigs a looking for any excuse to murder blackfoot's tonight. with that the black man walked on. i scooted down to the subway and headed home. when i entered the apartment chromo was sitting on the couch watching images of dr. king on tv. tears fell from rise. she didn't even ask where i had been, which was unusual since i was about two hours late getting home. i sat next to her, took my arm around her, and we watched tv reports of the assassination and the rights. i came to school the next day. before that, i just want to say a little bit about my adopted grandmother. i was conceived in cuba. my mother was a graduate student

and broker with my father and came home and announced to my grandmother that she was pregnant but had broken up with the guy. my grandmother pressed a little bit more about who the father was. when she found out that he was a young revolutionary who was sitting around with the likes of fidel castro, mom got put on the first plane smoking to new york city. end in cuba she had been a debutante and she had been a graduate student and she was on her way to be a doctor. when she showed up in new york city see was a young black woman who could speak english. she spoke spanish and french. and then a friend told her about the living place where they took in foster kids. so she put me there for what she thought would be a temporary state, but it wound up being my early childhood and adolescence. but took me in when there are quite old.

their parents and older brothers and sisters had been slaves. so hearing stories about an america and about a self where you didn't look a white person in the eye if you were black coming down the street. in fact, if they were on the sidewalk you got into the gutter , no matter if it was raining, monday, hold you work, the sidewalk along to them. i heard about the complex plan and about lynching and about jim-crow as first-person reports. they saw a cross burning, lost relatives to lansing. with that, though, they were working class people. worked as a domestic. worked as a laborer. and they joined the naacp. i was active in the naacp youth council. i was an honor student. i was in the choir. i had a sense of what was going on. we collected food and books of north to send to the civil

rights workers in the south, distributing best of to the communities. pot died and i was about to of years old, sue was just me and her. there was this thing of wanted to be a man, figuring that out. and then dr. king back killed and i was enraged, angry. as of the day after this a went to school. on the fringes of television you would see sophy carmichael and bobby seale into newton. the news described them as the black militants. of course talking about black power. it's interesting. i want to back up and talk about power because all of my lessons of black history, i don't want you to think that it was over the dinner table with books spread out. a working man, and he was a good , what they called in those days a race man, so a lot of lessons would be as simple as watching television, the old

black-and-white tv. a tarzan movie would c'mon. johnny weissmuller would swing across the street to just rant and he would speak his language. the allies would go here in the elephants would go here in the monkeys would go here. he would be looking at that and after about five minutes he would go, what the hell is that. alcoa you tell me how bella luna cracker because fallout an airplane, grow up to mothers africans look like they're crazy. change the data channel. it was living history. then i will switch. i remember this the first time seeing a young harry reid. he was giving some editorial. at think it was about the space program. he was going on and on and being very educated and very bright young white man. elected him for about four minutes. allying hang in head cracker. change the channel. so it was living history.

i like that. i could use some of the stuff of a school yard. so when the militants came on not only with a challenging the power structure in a different way, in a way that we have seen in the movement, they were flying about it. you know, again, talking about black power, but i remember one news report were h. rap brown got arrested for possessing a rifle in louisiana. they covered him getting out of jail. and rather than standing in the courthouse steps to mind all the reporters some. i want you to listen. if you of my rifle was bad, wait until you see my dad and mom. he's crazy. he's bad. so i went to school the next day and announced to my friends @booktv now was a hallway monitor. i announced to them, you know, as clear as day that i, in the joseph, am going to be a black militants. one of my good friends, white kid, a jewish kid like to put me and said, 80, i don't know if

you could announce it right to be a black militant like it's a career choice. it's going to be a bad doctor or lawyer. he wants. then i had to, as must approve to paula's to myself i said, find the most militant organization. and believe me, i didn't really know what was going on. and so there would be reasons, you know, to look at organizations and rejected just on the surface level. it was like -- i don't know ties. it would be like a snake. they ran a news report, the rising militancy in america. it was a story about the black panther party. they ran the footage where the panthers stormed the state capitol in sacramento.

and for folks who don't know, the panthers started patrolling the streets of oakland, california with shotguns and lawbooks and forcing one of the aspects of the ten-point program. i want to get to that later, but that caught the imagination of not only the community of america because it was legal to carry guns in california if they were concealed. the law books were to make it clear that the panthers understood the law, this to the right to bear arms and understood the right to observe the arrest. it would follow the person to the precinct, bail them out of the had the money. if not there were young lawyers and legal volunteers to help get people out. i'm seeing these black men with guns. and so california response by saying, yes, the losses that you can carry weapons if there not concealed. but when we wrote that while we did not mean by guys with leather coats embrace. they quickly changed the lot to be this painters responded by

storming the healing. i'm looking at this, seeing the panthers storm the legislature. they're crazy. they have guns a leather coats. they're crazy. powerful white legislature. ducking under their seats for cover. and the panthers come out. reading the statement about the constitutional right to bear arms and that we have to defend ourselves because the police and not defending our community. they occupy our community. and then a reporter says the black panther party, please stop. he found more guns and communist literature in the trunk. so crazy. they have leather coats, guns. the man says their communists. and joining that one. [laughter] you're a kid. you want to be with the roughest and the toughest. >> you can watch this and other programs online at booktv.org.

and now a few interviews from book tv recent visit to a georgetown university here in the nation's capital. we talk with sheryll cashin first about her book "the agitators daughter: a memoir of four generations of one extraordinary aftrican-american family". this is about 15 minutes. it. >> the "the agitators daughter" is the name of the book, and sheryll cashin is the author, also a professor of law here at georgetown university. professor, who is the agitator? >> guest: my dad, dr. john cashman jr. who, may he rest in peace, he just passed this past year. >> host: what kind of an agitator was the? >> guest: well, my dad founded an independent democratic party in alabama at a time when the regular democratic party was dominated by george wallace and the dixiecrats. despite being a dentist in a two-time valedictorian his

avocation of agitation, he poured hundreds of thousands of dollars of his own money. in the 60's, mind you. it 60's and early 70's in to this political party. so alabama wins could vote for lyndon johnson rather than george wallace and the hundreds of thousands of newly registered black voters would have people to vote for. could not just vote, but also run for office. and so that was his life's work. he was very much committed to recapturing the greatness of african americans in terms of political participation. very steeped in the era of reconstruction because his grandfather had been a reconstruction legislature, and he grew up hearing about his grandfather, grandpa herschel, while he was coming of age in

jim crow. it radicalized him to be living under jim crow in alabama while hearing about the fact that black people use to actually have political power and be in office, including his own family >> host: who was herschel cashin? >> that was my great grandfather. handsome man, isn't it? he was in our family lore for the first black lawyer in the state of alabama and the architect of reconstruction. i grew up listening to my father repeat this over and over. in this book and go off in search of the source of much of his passions and find out that the outlines of the laura there, but he was admitted to the alabama bar and 8078. >> host: the alabama bar. >> guest: the alabama bark. not the first and above the fourth of a lawyer in the state. he did serve in reconstruction.

served two terms in the alabama legislature. a radical republican. my father always made it clear, as a radical republican. [laughter] so by the time he got elected reconstruction was already closing down, so he was in the architect, but my great-grandfather, the gentleman in the picture, for the next 40 years never stopped giving up on this idea that people of color had of rightful place in politics. he continued to be active in national republican politics, attended for national republican conventions and raised a family. my father grew up hearing about him as a determined -- as a matter of family honor restore black people to their rightful place in politics and alabama. that was what my father was all about. >> host: sheryll cashin, what did you write about your family? what made you take it this far?

>> guest: well, i got tired of hearing my father saying he was going to read a book. you know, if your not going to write this book -- i was terrified that this incredible or would die with them. and so in my mid '40's, early 40's, i should say, i finally just got tired of hearing him talk about it. i just took out a tape recorder and started interviewing him. i wanted to know everything that he knew and be sure it did not get lost. as an interview what he knew about the family, but also about the political party in everything he did. it took on a life of its own. i started researching how much of this was true. it's is became an obsession. >> host: what did you find as far as how truthful lore was? >> guest: be careful what you wish for.

you go out and search of your family history, you will find some things are true and some are not. one of the true parts of our board was that we descended from a benevolent irishman named john cashin who was never a slave owner. a white man. an irish immigrant. the lawyer was to this guy john cashin and his brother james came over to the u.s. during the potato famine and that one was a slave dollar and one was not. we descended from the benevolent -- benevolent non slave owner. not true. we descended from john sheryll cashin -- cashin, but in the nee was of a slave owner. the father of my great grandfather. herschel's father, that does father who was also named john was one of the more prominent slave owners and augusta. so here i had to contend with not only did i descend from

slavery, but i descended from wells, considerable wealth, born of slavery. and i could tie my family's history of relative advantage, you know, for generations of educated people, my great-grandfather was -- had a classical education in philadelphia. the institute for college use and became a lawyer. i can tie that. do in revelation. and i reconciled myself to that history by what my grandfather, great-grandfather chose to do with that. he just to go back to the south, which she did not have to. he chose to work with people of color. he chose to identify with people of color when, in fact, several of the siblings were pale enough to pass. they did pass. so he was a bit of an agitator as well.

that was one thing. >> host: professor cashin, what was your childhood like? >> guest: i had an incredible childhood. almost from birth. my mother, joan carpenter cashin took me with her in her arms to assist in in april of 1957. i was four months old. she gets herself arrested with me in her arms. and that event was a turning point in this in movement and hence will, alabama. and within a few months of that event initiated a nonviolence desegregation of public accommodation from vons will. twenty-four years -- two full years before the civil rights act, before the water hoses in birmingham. >> host: did it help that hon still had -- was an educated city, it was in northern alabama, did that make a difference is?

>> guest: what helped more than anything was that house bill had tied its fate to this space industry. there were, you know, werner von braun was already there. a lot of people to have a lot of engineers and scientists had descended on alabama. and the city wanted to disassociate themselves from the rabid race imagery of the rest of the state, and that helped them. you know, they negotiated this quietly. so, yes. from the beginning i have memories. my parents were civil rights activists. after the of voting civil-rights act passed some of voting at, then it turned to politics. i grew out looking in tpa stance, part of the national democratic party. i had memories. my father ran for governor against george wallace in 1970. i just have these memories of my summers being taken all around

the state, particularly the black part of state. those counties that were the center of the plantation economy during antebellum era, not surprising a hundred years later all the black votes were. and it fell like particularly during that election, 1970, it felt like i had been carried to every black church in the black belt. i watched my father give this speech over and over and over again invoking frederick douglass, that famous line, those two deprecate aberration are like that to cut the people who want to crop with upwelling of the ground. that is where the wind comes from. frederick douglass was my father's hero. he was always quoting him. when he was on the campaign trail head in the black belt speaking to these dirt poor sharecroppers trying to give them a reason to register to

vote and go to the poll, he would always invoked douglas and say, you know, don't sit around waiting for other people to do right by you as frederick douglass said. go forth and demand your power at the ballot box. >> host: sheryll cashin, what do you teach your address tab? >> guest: i am a professor of law. i teach legal history called race in american law which covers most of the major race cases decided by the supreme court. i also teach constitutional law and administrative law and sometimes property. sometimes the local government law. >> host: when you approach public affairs or when you sent this manuscript to a publisher what was the answer back from public affairs? why were they interested in this story? >> guest: fortunately i already had a prior relationship with them. public affairs published my

first book which was a book about -- the book was titled the failures of integration, but it was about why we still struggle to be in emigrated society. i had a relationship with them. i sent a proposal to them via my agent. they were familiar with me because of the first book. i think they knew -- they knew that as hard as it is to get attention from more if you are not famous, i think they knew that i was a fairly tenacious person. they also saw the story and found a compelling. thank-you, public affairs. >> host: a short conversation with a georgetown professor sheryll cashin about her second book, "the agitators daughter: a memoir of four generations of one extraordinary aftrican-american family" by the way. book tv coverage professor cashin earlier on this book, and it is about an hour in length

booktv.org. just go up in the search function up in the upper left-hand corner and sat in her name. you can watch the entire hour. thank you for being here. >> we would like to hear from you. tweet us your feedback. twitter.com/booktv. >> fellow -- policies bans local content vehicles drug next weekend as he book tv and american history tvx will the history of literary culture of little rock arkansas. saturday the 31st starting at noon eastern, author greg starkly on the little-known riots and killing of at least 20 african-american sharecroppers. >> we had calls going all up and down the mississippi delta saying that they were out in results. the next morning between 601,000 men, white men