having sex. that's, i mean, even members of congress have sex. [laughter] and so it's unbelievable that we are, that we cannot be ohioan about these -- honest about these conversations. and so this bill which i just refer to and so i didn't explain it, but i was in arizona two weeks ago. it's exactly what you're saying. they're going to pass a bill that says, basically -- i'm just going to use an example -- if you're a 35-year-old woman, married, two kids and you want to use birth control and you want to get it covered by your employer through your insurance plan, you have to bring a doctor's permission slip to say that you're using it for something other than preventing an unintended pregnancy. as if somehow there are better reasons to use birth control. [laughter] i mean, there are other good reasons, but it is absolutely ridiculous. this whole thought that women,

yeah, that -- i mean, it's just insane to me. so the good news is the senate just voted that down in the arizona today, but it may be back. so, yes, i think that it's right. .. to have a sexually fulfilling life and not to have children when they are not ready to have children. everyone using birth control is

just crazy. it is insane. the american people know it is insane. you are seeing that every day. >> the last question. >> okay. wrap it into whatever you ask me. >> i will try to make it a good one. thank you for your talk. i one of those international students with high times to understand the politics around women's health in the u.s.. i am from canada. i was wondering. a lot of the state bill that coming forward and the strategy to respond to them seems to be drawing on some republicans saying government doesn't have a place in women's health and in the private theater. this is sort of pushing women's help in the private theater government shouldn't be intervening. delegitimizing its place in the public space. what this means for the long-term strategy by sort of trying to make a private issue

instead of saying it is a public issue and bringing public funding in to that. >> right. it is great to be here. we had interesting conversations today. part of what is at stake is there should be a public health system in america. women's health is sort of the lead dog in this conversation. but when you hear -- so i think the question is does the legislature -- the politicians have the right or somehow better information, medical doctor to make decisions about health care and that is what this is about. i think the issue of whether we believe in public health isn't good in and of itself, the fundamental thing we have to grapple with and i will just take on mitt romney for one

minute. he said the other day not only are we going to get rid of my inheritance or whatever. fighting words to me. the other thing is we just can't afford planned parenthood. we can't afford that in this country. if you can't afford that i know we can't afford and planned parenthood. to me that was more a signal of say and we simply can't afford to provide health care to people in this country any more. the national family planning program that richard nixon signed into law, bipartisan support for a decade. this is mitt -- what mitt romney and every other candidate other republican -- the entire national family-planning program providing health care to five million women every single year.

that is a fundamental question not only of women's health but whether you believe that public health has any value in the united states of america. that is what concerns me and i think that is going to be at issue. i couldn't put a funny thing in that one. it is such an interesting time. for those looking at public health as a career or potential career there has never been more important time. public health is a good in this country and we have to nourish it and value it. it is fascinating we are here on the supreme court decision about the affordable care act. i'm surprised we didn't talk about that. i don't know. i don't know what is going to happen but we have to get serious in this country about making sure people have access to health care. i am so grateful for what you've do and grateful for this opportunity to be with you.

thanks a lot. [applause] >> thanks a lot. >> okay. thank you. a [applause] >> this video competition we asked students to create a video telling us which part of the contribution was most important to them and why. today we're going to texas to talk with prizewinner lauren braun, a senior at edward montez high school. how are you doing? >> i am great.

how are you? >> why did you choose to focus on the first amendment in your documentary? >> i enjoy the fact that the first amendment applies to everybody. applies to a person on the street. teacher, congressman, everybody exactly the same. the fact that this is a free land and we are all equal, the fact that there is no hierarchy really drew me into it. >> where did you start when he began researching your topic? >> i went on line and started looking at articles, civil-rights acts locally and elsewhere. i ended up getting so much information that i narrowed down my search to drop back into how it applied to me. >> in student interviews what did you take away from that? how did you deepen your understanding? >> my interview when i traveled

to colorado springs, mark burke was so nice and had so much experience and deepened my idea of how in the military is always so strict and you eat when you are told and do what you are told. a very strict finance government organization your rights are protected. your freedoms were protected. when i interviewed congressman burgess he opened my eyes to different details in the first amendment like the word peaceable. people look at the first amendment and say i have the right to protest, to speak. only peaceably protest. if you are infringing your rights you're infringing other's rights at the cost of your own than that is not fair to other people. your rights are as limited as you can make them but don't want to infringe other people. it really opened my eyes to that. we don't have limits but we have to limit ourselves. >> with your favorite part in

creating this documentary? >> i really enjoy it the interviews. going to the chapel and taking the tour and finding out about how not will lead the freedom applies to everyone but how they apply to specific people and from there, i figured out what i believe and how my freedoms affect others. >> we would like others to learn from your documentary. >> i want people to appreciate the fact the we have these rights, to know what they are and how to use them and to use them with appreciation because so many places don't. >> thanks for taking time and talking with us today. here is a brief portion of lauren braun's documentary the constitution and you. >> these amendments are known as the bill of rights.

[applause] ♪ >> first amendment right. >> exercising his right to burn that flags. >> freedom of religion. >> speech. >> are country's first national document the declaration of independence spokesman unalienable rights given to americans by our creator. the truth is our constitution says we are guaranteed freedom of religion. not freedom from religion. >> we have given our rights from about including life leaders liberty and pursuit of happiness. it is in god we trust. >> you can see this entire video and all the winning documentary that studentham.org and continue the conversation on facebook and

twitter. >> be with us later for more from our cue and a series. charles evans jr. talked about his film addition inc. about the tobacco industry. he is joined by a former philip morris research scientist at 7:00 eastern on c-span2. we continue our booktv programming this week while congress is on break. memoirs from governors, south carolina's nicky haley and jan brand michigan chief executive jennifer granthome tonight at 8:00 eastern and c-span2. >> merriman senator barbara mikulski was recognized to become the longest serving woman in the history of the u.s. congress. she went into her fifth term last year and longest serving woman in the u.s. senate. she was directed to the house in 1976 and the first elected to the senate in 1986. during this to be we will hear

remarks from nancy pelosi, connecticut representative barbara kennelly and joe biden for 45 minutes. >> good evening, everyone. welcome to the celebration of not will leave the longest serving women in the history of the united states congress but the great leadership of senator barbara mikulski. [applause] >> it is not just about the length of time. it is about the quality of service and leadership. it is about the personality that she is. it is about the history that she has made. it is about the progress she is making for the american people. aren't we honored to be with her this evening. [applause] >> on saturday, saturday, the

great moment occurred. we fought all of you would be here if we had this celebration that but we thought we would do it when congress was in session. we particular early wanted to do it here in the house. they had a of tributes in the senate. i don't know if you had a chance to see it but when they replay it please watch it. it is so edifying to see the appreciation expressed by her colleagues in the united states senate and every time somebody says something i think that is just what i would have said and i am sure you would say that same thing. here we are gathered during women's history month. how better to observe it than to monitor -- honor senator mikulski and i want to acknowledge the presence of smooth great women leaders of our country. three members of the president's cabinet, secretary caffeine's a bilious, where are you?

[applause] >> secretary janet napolitano. [applause] >> administrator lisa jackson. [applause] >> also very honored by a woman so spectacular in a room in the capital is named for her. former colleague congresswoman linda bog. i should say ambassador, the other day earlier this month celebrated her 90 sixth birthday. [applause] >> since this is a day of firsts i acknowledge the first woman secretary of state madeleine albright. [applause] >> we are acknowledging the women but i know maryland wants

to be acknowledged. still need a lawyer --steny h e hoy hoyer. judge ruthlisberger was here earlier and don edwards here with us. [applause] >> okay. here they are. they are coming. elisa cummings. congressman john sarbanes. [applause] >> beverly byron. [applause] >> in any event let's applaud for all of us because this is a room full of celebrities.

[applause] >> another former member, helen bentley. there she is. [applause] >> the room is full of members of the house and senate. as i say we take special pride because of the first ten years of this record-breaking history in the congress those first ten years were spent here in the house of representatives. [applause] >> we have the baltimore contingent here and i start with myself. [applause] >> we have the institutes of notre dom where we both went to high school and when i was sworn in as speaker she wore her ring to the swearing-in. we take great pride in that identity.

but isn't this something? on the floor of the senate today we heard about her upbringing in a proud polish american family that is familiar to any of us. her father's grocery store opening up early so steelworkers could buy their lunches before the early shift. she made her career as a social worker and as she likes to say she is now ice social worker with power. [applause] >> we all took pride in barbara's success. i remember she won the primary in 1976 and paul sarbanes won the senate that day and had that transfer of power and ever since that date guess how many? 120858 of them--12,858 of them. she worked on behalf of constituents and all americans.

as she puts it she worked on behalf of the day-to-day needs of maryland and long-term needs of the nation. we are proud of their career in congress. that began in the house of representatives. [applause] >> we not only celebrate the life of leadership but quality of it. how appropriate that she became the longest serving women in congressional history during women's history month and she has been making history and progress sir entire career. first woman elected to the senate in her own right. [applause] >> remember that? first woman on the senate appropriations committee. [applause] >> first woman elected assistant senate democratic floor leader and the only woman to have held that position. [applause] >> this i can't believe but the

first woman elected to statewide office in maryland. a real pioneer. [applause] >> a woman of the senate they tell me, called senator mikulski dean. dean, teacher, mentor, leader be personal friend of. she is all this and more to sell many of us and many of you are gathered here. some notes from all the people who couldn't come and we will have that later. here today is one of senator mikulski's best friends and a colleague from her time in the house. congresswoman barbara kennelly. we went to the same college, trinity college and so did kathleen sibelius. trinity college--where are you? right there. community college. the old school days.

barbara kennelly is a distinguished prof. of political science and like senator mikulski barbara kennelly has taught all of us. she taught us how to lead and legislate and be a champion for some of the most vulnerable in our society especially women. now i am pleased to present a great leader in the house when she served here. great friend to barbara mikulski and many of us here, our friend congresswomen barbara kennelly. [applause] >> first of all, may i say, i never say the speaker isn't absolutely right, but barbara has a lot of best friends in this room. i look around and i see a lot of barbara's best friends. i get so proud and so happy to be part of this. all of barbara's friends and she has so many more everywhere are

here to salute her. barbara has been incredible for other women in this country. she has been an inspiration to so many women because she fights for what she believes in and they know that she is fighting for them. everyone might think barbara was on a path to be where she is today but i have heard a story that she wanted to be the second madame curie and she wanted to make discoveries and make millions of people -- lives better. thank god she decided she better stay in baltimore. being a trailblazer is not easy. it really is not easy especially when you are trying to get into the political world where barbara tried to get in. especially when you try to get into a body like the house which is built on tradition and that tradition doesn't have a lot of women's thoughts in it. barbara didn't care.

she never complained. she just did her work and she was a leader from the very beginning and i agree with you. i hate to have her leave. remember we were working -- all of us worked to make sure she could go to the senate. i am just thankful that she has continued to work as hard as she has worked and dedicated herself to people. i am going to say something about what hubert humphrey used to say. i used to say it for years and i didn't have to say it anymore because government was going so well and everything was pretty good. i have to say it again. a test of a country, a test of a democracy is those who take care of children at the dawn of their life. take care of people at the twilight of their life. and take care of people in the shadows of their life. for, disabled. barbara has lived by that and

she has made sure that those people are always taken care of. we hear a lot about politicians. i don't think of her as a politician. i think of her as barbara who works for the people of maryland and this country. [applause] >> barbara lives by one thing. honor your mother and father. honor your mother and father. that is a commandment that she grew up with and the command and she has lived by. it is good public policy to live by. barbara has woven that believe in to her legislative priorities. one thing she said she is most proud of, strengthening the safety of figures. i have given my life to seniors and you don't know how glad i am when this senator supports the issues i have given my life for. just recently when we had

another -- always have trouble with social security. she came to a press conference and she just -- it was unbelievable. a personal note. i had just come to congress. i was brand-new and i went on my first international trip with barbara mikulski and geraldine ferraro and they were absolutely awesome. they were going into these meetings and at the beginning i said this is not -- it didn't matter to them. they were representing the united states of america. they made everybody feel important. they made everybody understand how strong and how good this country is because they looked at these two women and taught me so much and i was going to say one last thing. most of you know, the whole

world doesn't know. she is brilliant. she is absolutely brilliant. [applause] >> i want to tell you secret i never told barbara. when i first -- barbara was so good to me when i first came. i used to talk to her on the phone. we catholic girls all stick together. i used to talk to her on the phone. she would talk about an issue, i would take notes because i knew she knew what she was talking about. she has been a tenacious good friend and we lost a good friend this year. geraldine ferraro was one of our best friends. when we found out she had a serious health problem let me tell you something. i cried. i cried. she was much more productive. she did all the research on what she had and she said to me you know, we traveled with her when she ran for vice president. we have been with her through the good times and now we will

be with her until this whole illness and we were and you don't know what it meant to her to talk to the senator on the phone. talked to barbara and barbara told about what was going on in the senate that she felt part of it and all i can say is a good friend, wonderful senator and aren't we lucky? [applause] >> said the lawyer and i think a great politician. i want to acknowledge that senator paul sarbanes has joined us here. [applause] >> from the maryland contingent. we have action on for some members are coming and going but we have to have a shout out for members -- i want to talk about senator pryor who came from the

senate and kay bailey hutchinson, from the senate -- i don't know if you're still here but let's hear it for the senate. tom harkin, chuck schumer. any others? the most senior of them all. i don't know. we are getting there. i want all our colleagues from the house to waive their hands so they can be acknowledged. [applause] to barbara. now for our surprise guest. barbara can say and why can't we start the program? people have to get to the food and what do it is in the desert. i have a few more minutes. who are we waiting for?

she is never in patient. you know that but it really is a tremendous honor for all of us and a real sign of the respect and regard in which senator barbara mikulski has been held for decades and passing this great record, longest serving woman most accomplished woman in congress of the united states ever. for us to have with the same person who has been a champion for the american people, a person who has been a champion for america's women. a bill that is coming up soon. the violence against women act has no greater champion then vice president joe biden. [cheers and applause]

>> kennelly said catholic girls stick together. let me tell you we catholic boys have been following catholic girls our whole life. sister said. thank you. thank you so much for giving me the opportunity to be here. i called and invited myself. you know, c.s. lewis once said what draws people to be friends is that they see the same truth and they share it. i'd look around this room, men and women in this room and that is the best definition we could have. they see the same truth. there is one person hollering the truth about us and longest to make sure everybody hears it. barbara, wanted to be here because of my enormous respect

for you. you know i mean it. you possess all the qualities that any national leader should possess. i am not being solicitous when i say this. you possess all the qualities a national leader should possess. first of all you never say anything you don't mean. by ththing you don't

matters. it matters. people och your ambition has always been to see that the neighborhood you and i grew up in your ambition has always been for them. not for -- a lot of hyperbole goes on when we pay tribute to someone who has broken a record. i mean this sincerely and you all know it. her ambition has always been for the people who need someone to believe in them. most of all the people that barbara described. it has been amazing the impact you have had on the attitude of women about women. the attitude of women. that sounds strange to say but the attitude of women about what was in their reach and their capacity. i held over a thousand--the violence against women. one thing i length. i learned that women were

empowered by other women who is our power and achieved it. you are going to hear a lot and you heard a lot today about how the women of america do you. the truth is the men of america owe you a lot too. one of the efforts you lead was he free men of a stereotypical notion that they were raised to believe. when they saw their daughters or wives or mothers take on new roles, when they saw the people they love the most take on responsibilities, they had not seen before. can liberated them too it sounds stupid. thank about what you did your unrelenting fight on women's health issues.

you not only save women's lives but you save the lives of people the men relied upon. made men realize what they didn't know. there were a two tear standards. most men being raised in the 40s, 50s and 60s were unaware until you took the band-aid off how different circumstances were. some men didn't care but most men when you showed them cared. i remember the fights on final ix. one of the things it does, you want to get some old jock, mail doc who thought this was a bad idea. a bad idea to have a daughter --

[laughter] -- i am serious. think about how much has changed in the attitude of men about themselves not only about women. so barbara, you know, you eliminated for a lot of men the sorry stereotypes they clung to. you and i had many long conversations and i am not being solicitous. i learned a lot from you. this is a private thing but you paid me the highest compliment anyone ever paid me. it meant more to me than you would never know. the point is i ask to be here for a totally selfish reason. i wanted to have the privilege of standing with you so that i am able to tell and i mean this

sincerely, tell my four granddaughters that i was there to celebrate a woman who has changed in many ways the way people think about one another. change the way we think in this country. you are not the only one but let me tell you, a lot of us have served in the senate and you may remember when i left the senate, they thought they were being nice to me. a senate historian pointed out only 13 people in american history serve longer than i did. i found it debilitating. [laughter] >> many people have served. few people will be remembered. few people we remember for having made outstanding contributions to change the way we view ourselves.

you played a gigantic part in that. it is an honor and privilege to be with you. as i said it was totally selfish. i wanted to be here because you have been my friend. thank you. [applause] >> you wanted to be here to present bar grow with this poster from the department of labor and secretary -- [talking over each other] [laughter] >> chad ginn noaa was presenting this but congratulations. >> the department of labour celebrates the history ofmaking woman barbara mikulski of maryland, august serving female member in all of congress.

[cheers and applause] >> senator inouyi was with the sand bar graph's governor of maryland, martin o'malley. sins hard not to have a toast. we make a toast? >> reporter: hip hip hoor hip h

barbara mikulski. [applause] >> reporter: thank you for helping me celebrate this great occasion and thank you for alyour public service. you worked so hard to bring about world peace to be an advocate there for your work on the judiciary committee and creating legislation that put more cops on the beach and as the architect of the violence against women legislation and one of the many things came out of that including a hot line that if you felt you were in danger, you knew the government was on your side and that your

fingertips. sins we passed the legislation, sponsored and created by the vice president, 1 million women have used that hot line. [applause] >> so thank you. [applause] >> the hour is getting late. the theater is starting to hurt. it is warm in here. i am back in the house of representatives. [cheers and applause] >> i am honored that so many people have come. members of the cabinet. members of the house of representatives serving now, serving in the past, members who from the united states senate who have come over and i could go through every name but i feel like gore around here and i know

just about every single one of you by name and in some way or another that we have worked together. we are honored to have senator paul sarbanes here who was my colleague. governor o'malley came with a three hour tribute to me on the house floor. besides unanimous consent to be recognized. and to thank nancy pelosi, my friend from baltimore. nancy pelosi. cialis and roh is legendary. you know the story. nancy asked that was the mayor. brother was the mayor and what you don't know is that nancy's mother was a force and to herself. nancy -- nancy had five

brothers. not only constituent service watching her mother and father but watching her brother and negotiating with five and italian guys at the family table. she can handle gator --vader any day. if was a wonderful family and i could speak expansively about that. we want to a catholic girl's will call the institute of notre dame and let's hear it. [applause] >> not only had a great education in basics but barbara kennelly said i was brilliant. they didn't think so then. they thought i was brash and they were right. it was the emphasis on leadership and development and speaking up and speaking out. there was also at that time a

great movement called the christopher movement. the nuns encourage us better to write one candle and curse the darkness and to remember you are your brother's keeper at your your sister's keeper and we all belong to one another in this world and we have to fight for economic justice. feed the hungry, care for the sick. search after justice. at that school didn't matter if you were the mayor's daughter or grocer's daughter. was married -- what mattered was what you are going to do and we did so much. would get nancy -- look at nancy. move to calif.. the rest is history. became the first woman in the united states to become the speaker of the house. [applause] >> we couldn't have passed the bill in the house unless you had started it here.

we could have passed the ledbetter bill in the senate and couldn't have passed health care reform unless you were there in the house. everything you do in every way for your enduring friendship and leadership. [applause] >> so grateful the men of the maryland delegation have come. let's give a shout out to these great guys. [applause] >> my friends and supporters and a special tribute to be maryland women. we have a long history of sending women to congress. wow! listen to this. helen bentley. connie morella. gladys feldman. beverly byron.

now our own rising star donna edwards. [applause] >> don't you wish you drank the water in maryland? when you get a nancy pelosi and mikulski, bentley and byron and daughter edwards? we are girls who don't say no. there we go. when we talk about this history that is happening? 12,858 days. all commuting from baltimore. i have had a lot of pot holes and speed bumps but here i am. i past two records. when i was sworn in in january the market smith record and on saturday i passed the record of it wonderful congresswoman, edith rogers of massachusetts. edith was known to serve 18

terms. she took her husband's seat when he passed away in the mid-19th wendys and she took his seat and served until 1960. she passed away three days before her primary and she would have been elected for a nineteenth term. she was known for her devotion to constituent service and veterans. she was the author of the gi bill lacked and created the wave and was just outstanding. when i look at margaret and when i look at edith rogers what incredible people. they were hardy, resilience, both republican. but we have a lot in common. there were constituents services which i hope i always have. they were known for their unabashed patriotism which is one of my motivations and they

were known for their strong independence and i would like to be that voice as well. i want to congratulate them and join them in the history books. i came to the house in 1976. women got the right to vote. there were 19 women serving at the time. 14 democrats, five republicans, five women of color. now there are 74 women in the house and 17 women in the senate. hard to believe. we are making progress. we look at numbers and statistics. when i came to the house, the trust fund had run for the senate and didn't make it. their word names like pat schroeder, barbara joroeder, ba shirley chisholm and others came after that. barbara kennelly, barbara boxer,

and what did we want to do? we have a congressof woman's caucus focusing on anti-discrimination whether the insurance company or social security. we wanted to change the federal law books and federal check books. issues for quite controversial. remember the e r a? we thought women would be respected in the military. jimmy carter send the first women to west point and the air force academy. we wanted to end discrimination and start with social security and medicare because if government isn't a model fan who can? we had good friend the insurance companies. let's hear it for the insurance companies. they discriminated in its go we thought the issues and fought hard. the time in the house was

working about friendships. to me a time of friendships and game changing and life changing. when i came to the house as one of the maryland i commuted every single day. tip o'neill was the speaker and he would have us work late on wednesday night. i stuck up a friendship with geraldine ferraro and stayed with dinner. i stayed longer for dinner. wednesday night at her apartment. we became pals and her daughter laura is with us today and her family. [applause] >> we became great friends and great house. we were the same age no matter what they tell you or she tell you now. we went to the same kind of catholic girl's schools and we both wanted to work together and that friendship continue. she was dominated for vice

president, and moved out of her apartment. she said to barbara kennelly you get the apartment and the furniture and you get barbara. [laughter] >> that friendship has continued and i hope will continue forever. there wasn't also one other game changing time. that game changing and life changing was the congresswomen's congress. when we got together in the late 1970s and there was starvation in cambodia and refugee camps and people were dying and tell me, do you think we could save the children? the congresswomen at that time got an air force plane and we got on and it dius w't matter wt party we were from. it mattered that we wanted to save the children. it was a olympia snow. it was peggy edward. pat schroeder. barbara mikulski.

off we went. we were in those refugee camps and we saw a starvation and saw the effec dis of genocide. into a forced labor camp. and make her way to the refugee

what can i do. hy thought i can't do this to this girl. [laughter and applause] >> she has already been through enough. so i reached out to the cambodian society and we found her a real home and a real mother and father and i am happy to say she is here in the united states in waldorf maryland. married to a man in the building trade with four children take care of it from the day she arrived at the airport and is now ambassador wendy sherman who is my chief of staff and she was the one that i called and said i think i am going to be a mother. [laughter] >> and she says oh god lists are many stores i could tell about

my time. i will be grateful that a congresswoman and the congresswoman's caucus got on an airplane to save the children. that is what we need to think more of. where it didn't matter what party were. it matted you wanted to save the children. so now let me conclude when i began. this was a great country. i can thank everyone enough for their tribute today. i thank god for helping me board in the united states of america. like great-grandmother came to this country and she did have the right to vote. she had money in her pocket but it degraded her heart. she wanted the american dream where you could own a home and could own property in your own right and you could make a life for yourself. to my mother and father who worked in a grocery source of my sisters and i could have an education but felt we were all in it together. my father started his grocery store in the new deal.

i said why did you do that? he said i believe in roosevelt and most of all roosevelt believed in me. that is the way nancy and i were raised. a fair deal, the new deal, a better deal. i could go through issue by issue but i want to thank all the people who made it possible. you just get to be me without a lot of weight. this great country, my parents, those who devoted their life to educating girls like us. all of my wonderful staff. all of us -- we are only as good as the staff we had that helps us help our constituents. to all volunteers who worked so hard and most of all to the people of the third congressional district to the state of maryland who gave me a shot when people were unsure and send me to the senate. let me conclude by saying this.

deep in my heart i am still that congresswoman from the third congressional district. still a fighter and still a reformer. i am still the young girl in that. number -- that blue jumper. i am the person who likes one candle rather than curse the darkness. i will work with all of you in this room. each and every one of you are here because you make a difference. and continue to work together to make change and maybe force be with us. [cheers and applause] the forcee with us. [cheers and applause] [cheers and applause] >> from honoring the longest serving female congressional member we take you down pennsylvania avenue to a recent

white house forum focusing on women and the economy. among those taking part white house economic council director neperling and a panel of speakers moderated by ms nbc's mika brzezinski. this is about an hour. [applause]that's a good way [laughter] >> thank you! morning. what a way to start the morning! ho welcome to the white house. of th my name is tina chen. me i'm executive director of the t white house counsel and is my pleasure to start the morning off on women in the economy for a manned welcome you all for mornin being here. my job first thing in the d thas morning is a great pleasure and that is to introduce to you that deer friend of mine.mom, someone who is a businesswomen s

d single mom. a and senior advisor to the president of the united states.e has been leading the effort thea last three years that brings us to all the accomplishments we ag you.alking about today and to our wonderful partnership working with all of you. [applause] >> thank you, my good friend and valerie jarrett. a pleasure to welcome you to the white house forum on women and the economy. i am delighted to look around the room and see so many familiar faces in the audience. we have an extraordinary array of accomplished women and a few good and pretty brave men. you represent a wide range of stake holders from all across the country. you are the trail blazers and the innovators that drive our

country and you have the insights and the vision that we need to create an economy that's built to last sms a number of you have worked closely with us throughout the a number of you worked closely with the last few years and a lot of credit for many of our accomplishments. thank the members of the cabinet who are joining us today for your presence and also for your exceptional service to your country. and finally welcome to all of those who are watching on line. we will be streaming today including the breakout sessions on line. i am so proud on women and girls and to join tina in leading this very important initiative. he set a very high bar.

as executive order and it is he ensured that the council would include representatives from every single agency in the federal government. the first president i would add to do so. i would like to add all the members of the council here to please stand and be recognized. come on. [applause] by creating the council on women and girls, the president set a tone from the top. ensuring that the advancement of women and girls is a top priority for his administration. at the same time, president obama has taken historic steps to appoint more women to the highest levels of public service reflecting the diversity of our country. not only has he appointed women to key positions but also empowered them to drive critical policy, promoting the interests of women and girls

you will hear how these have significantly improved the lives of women and girls. now, we all understand that these amendments issues to not only affect women. and larger percentage in graduate school. nearly half of the workforce and breadwinners for a growing number of families. it is clear the success of women in america is critical to the success and sustainability of our families of our communities and the national economy. could challenges still remain. for example women still only earn $0.77 on the dollar compared to men. ..en for women of color, it is even a large discrepancy.

today, we will be releasing our report that illustrates the obama administration's commitment to tearing down barriers that women face in the workplace, in the marketplace in order to drive america forward. those of you watching, you can find the report at the white house website. the obama administration has helped to create more security and opportunity for women in america every stage of their lives and career beginning with our girls and i am delighted to see that we have a few girls with us today. the president's innovative race to the top competition rewards schools that take steps to close the gaps between girls and boys in classes and prepare them for careers in science come to elegy, engineering, math. it was such a pleasure for me to visit the council on women and girls of then held at an asset

and see local high school girls exposed to the magic of space exploration and to be with president obama when he welcomed into the oval office the three winners of the international google science fair competition, all american girls, i might add. [applause] we are determined to help girls discover and develop their passions for careers. because the president obama's leadership, millions more female students can afford to go to college thanks to the increase in funding for pell grants. the commitment to funding community colleges has helped so many women secure the training that they need for the high skilled jobs of the future. women in their early 20s including my own daughter are able to receive coverage under their parents' health insurance because of the affordable that care act.

-- because of the affordable care act. president obama has taken critical steps to help working women, whether they are fighting for equal pay or flexibility in the workforce, starting a new business, staying healthy, which includes preventive care and contraception. [applause] and for seniors, helping with the cost of prescription drugs and strengthening medicare and social security in ways large and small, we see the impact of the obama administration's historic efforts to help women. for the first time, for example, a lesbian service member and her partner were recognized when they attended a white house dinner in honor of the veterans who served in the iraqi war. [applause]

for the first time, there are now three women sitting on the supreme court including the first latina. for the first time, there is a four-star general in the u.s. air force who is a female. for the first time, there is a woman directing the national atmospheric and oceanic administration and in charge of the u.s. geological survey. for the first time, there are women serving aboard our u.s. submarines. i would rather there are women that have the skills to man and a submarine, because you don't want me doing it. i look forward to the first we will continue to have. i will close by sharing a story.

i met jackie when the first lady invited her to the state of the union address. jackie is a single mom like me and she was laid off from her job a year ago. because of her ambition and determination, she enrolled in a community college and mastered new skills like robotics. she successfully landed a job as a machine operator. after attending the president's speech, she said "i am just a girl who had a really big dream. the work for the most amazing company on the planet. i am living that dream every day and i cannot explain how much it means to me." this story reminds us of why this work is so important. we know there is a lot of hard work to do and women will be a critical part of driving the country forward. this morning, we will highlight how the obama administration has improved the economic security

for women and their families and we will chart our course for the very hard work that we know remains ahead. now, it is my pleasure to first introduce our moderator of this morning's panel. i am sure that everyone knows mika brzezinski. she is the co-host of "morning joe." [applause] not only issue my dear friend but she keeps me calm each morning when joe tries to raise my blood pressure. her recent book, knowing your value, is a must read for women in the workplace. she is an outstanding role model helping women stand up for themselves and recognize their own contributions and also, she is a terrific mom and we are delighted to have her two daughters here as well.

can you please come up and take your seat? [applause] joining her are some of the most impassioned advocate for american working women. we have this ceo of one of the corporate leaders in creating women friendly workplaces. joe echevarria. we are joined by the president 's small business administrator who is celebrating her third anniversary with the administration today. [applause] also, we have gene sperling, the president of the national economic council, who helped to launch the 10,000 amends' initiative at goldman sachs -- wins initiative that goldman omen's initiative

that goldman sachs. thank you for joining us this morning. with that, i have the pleasure of turning it over to mika. >> thank you so much. no gender gap here. not even close. it is really great to be here. my thanks to valerie. this is a tremendous honor to be here today. i would like to point out, valerie mentioned my two special guests. brought along a mealy and carly -- amelia and carly. we will be looking at this white

house as it pertains to women and the economy. we have a lot of work to do and many challenges before us. the key is to talk about them, i trust them, and overcome them as soon as possible, and also to elevate what has been done by this administration. i want to give you some background on our panel so we understand who is taking part in this conversation. gene sperling is director of the national economic council and an extremely patient guest on "morning joe." he left his job as the economic center and he co-authored the book, "what works in girls' education, lessons from the developing world."

he is married to a very busy woman. gene considers his mother to be one of his heroes as she was a pioneer for educational reform and equity. it is she worked as a teacher at a teaching assessment specialist. she was a founder of the family learning institute in ann gan.r, michi he will be given as details on where women stand in this economy. i will be ample to ask him about the jobs numbers. -- i will be able to ask him about the job numbers. we look forward to that.

we also have the administrator at the small business administration. karen leads a team of 3000 employees whose mission is to halt on to the north and small- business owners grow and create jobs. 3000 employees and three sons. which is harder? three sons. i figured. she grew up in a mom and pop business where literally her pop and mom ran the business. to this day, her mother is her business role model as well as that effort three sisters. she started one of the first women-owned private equity firms in the world and throughout her career she has owned, managed, and invested in small and growing businesses across the country. she did not just crack the glass ceiling, she is not even shatter 8, she will not be happy until it is ground to dust. -- she does not even shatter it.

there will not be won by the time she is done. joe echevarria has been with his company since 1978. this is a great company as it pertains to women and getting the best productivity out of them and letting them have the flexibility they need to run lives, families, businesses. he grew up in the south bronx, he is the son of a single mother who worked two jobs to get the family by, so he knows why we're here today. joe has lived it. and, he continues to live it because joe is the proud father of three teenage daughters. you are in such trouble. [applause] i have some interesting facts about joe that were sent to me. he is accused of being a tad bit overprotective, yet he denies this. the you deny this?

-- do you deny this? apparently, you track your daughters driving habits through gps and to the guise of safety. you are concerned about speeding but what troubles you is what it shows excessive idling. [applause] [laughter] i need that gps. will you clue me on on that? his wife is an accomplished i.t. consultant. joe has 38 framed pictures of his family in his office and he picked them out and find them himself. he would like to let you know that he has 1100 female partners and directors at deloitte.

joe will be making an announcement which we shared with the world this morning about yet another commitment that his company is making. this is really incredible. so, we are really glad to have you on the panel. finally we have, cecilia rouse. she is a professor of economics and public affairs at princeton. her research and teaching focuses on labor economics and education, which makes her expertise perfect for our panel discussion today. she served on the national economic council and recently served in the president's council of economic advisers and everyone was hugging her, so she

is popular, not that that matters, but they love her. like me, she agrees that quality time is any time that you can make it happen, especially when you have two daughters. like mine,ers, nin arwe here. this is really perfect and the reports are incredible. i expect you to jump in and interrupt me. i'm not comfortable unless that is happening. we will conduct this panel "morning joe" style. gene sperling, the big picture. what are the most important accomplishments by this administration to lift up women in the economy? >> well, i think the entire focus that when we are doing

public policy, we are being very conscious of where things we do have a very significant impact for women. you have to not just remove the barriers that exist, you have to be conscious when you are doing public policy. where things that are cut can disproportionately hurt women, hurt women with children. when you look at what we have done on the affordable care act, the 20 million women who are getting preventative health care, of course that is an overall issue that that is a women's issue. when you look at one of the most important budget issues that you probably don't hear much about right now which is medicaid, 68% of medicaid recipients are women 50% of every woman with a disability is on medicaid. 40%-50% of every birth takes

place under the medicaid program. so, when we go out, and of course we're in a season where there will be budget fights back and forth, it is important for people to understand the numbers that are behind that. when this president is out there fighting for things like this, this is not an abstract budget fight, this is about the people behind the numbers. if you allow, as the house republican proposal does, to cut by 30%, something like medicaid, that would have a very disproportionate impact on women, on the 70% of women in nursing homes. when you talk about retirement security, we all know that women live longer. that the poverty rate for women is significantly higher than any other portion of the senior

poverty level. secondly, you have to look at what we are trying to do that is removing the barriers, the obstacles for women that are important to our economy as a whole. the one point i want to make is that looking at this from the economics, i know that president obama feels very strongly this way which is the things that are good for tearing down barriers for women and the economy are good for everyone. you were kind enough to talk about both my mother and my wife, let me mention my sister. my sisters from chicago, she is the only person i know who routes for the same sports teams that the president does. she is a professor of immunology at the university of chicago. if you look at what is maybe the most significant skill gap we face in our economy right now,

it is the shortage and a projected shortage of people in science, technology, engineering, mathematics. that is an overall problem for our economy. even though more women are graduate from college, even though more women are often, girls are better at math when they are very young. when you get to our work force, only 25% are being filled. that is about flexibility, flexibility in tenure programs, getting a ph.d.'s. all of these things deny opportunity to women. this keeps us from having our team at full strength. when the president invests in stem and opportunity, young girls moving up to get education, you are providing higher paying jobs and

your strength in the work force as a whole. >> i want to get into some specifics. >> there is a huge value in this effort. there is a reason for it. it goes way beyond a vanity project or some kind of favor he is doing for society. this has to do with our country's economic future, does it not? >> it absolutely does. we always talk about small business as a driver of the economy. gene has long been a proponent of small business. one of the fastest-growing segments are women entrepreneurs. they are growing faster than other entrepreneurs. they are starting all kinds of businesses. they are starting main street businesses but they are also

running defense contracting businesses and high-tech businesses. one of the problems is that they reach a barrier when they try to grow their business. they don't have enough access to capital, they get locked out of venture capital markets, and they don't have the mentoring and the advice and the networks that others do and that is something that we focused on. we put about $5 billion into the recovery act out to women entrepreneurs and small-business owners, making sure they do not get boxed out in the credit markets rose. >> i will ask you why this works for deloitte. deguerin told me an incredible fact. 70% of last year's ballot victorians were women. women are more educated than ever before, the numbers are leaning in our direction in terms of what we bring to the

table in the workplace. it has to do with education and a desire to be part of society on a professional level. >> if you look at the changes in our labor force, we know that women have been increasing the participation in the labor market. they are more likely to be looking for a job and have a job. women have been joining the ranks, the long-term trend, we have seen declines in their participation in the labor force which means that today women are about 50% of the labor force and they are an increasingly important part of the family. that means that we are participating in the labor work force and this is very important for the growth of our families. meanwhile, in the early 70's, women, if you think about education, women were applying to medical school and many of them were turned away and told there is not a place for you

here. that was in our lifetime. that was not very long ago. now, we see that women are going to college at greater rates than men. they are graduating at greater rates than men and they are outstripping men in the educational arena. not only are be participating now, but going forward is when they will have the skills. >> we still need men. a few of them around. >> on the point, i would love to us the news,ll the latest investment your company is making and the concept behind it. why does this work for deloitte? why should this be a business model that is echoed around the world? >> [inaudible]

we're going to hire up to 18,000 people. 18,000. more than half of that would be women, they are almost all college-educated. that is interested. -- that is interesting. [applause] the brave good man is going to set up a little bit. this, in the end, is really what karadzic talking about, a business imperative. you will not be able to do this without a set of outcomes but the more than half of the people have graduated from colleges, where than half of the people that have advanced degrees are women.

we had a ceo who started something called the women's initiatives. let me tell you what the result was. today was today in our firm, we had 5000 partners, we have a firm of over 50,000 people. the principal director, it takes 12-14 years to become one of those. we started the initiative, it was 7%, now is 25%. we just had a minority in ceo. now we have a minority ceo, and a minority chair. our board is 35% women. [applause]

if you include minorities, it is 50%, women and minorities. that is the end of it. that is a lot of demographics. when we started this journey, we were the smallest of the professional services firms. now, we're on the largest by a considerable margin. this is part of that journey. that is what it is about. >> i remember this. i remember the ceo coming forward and deloitte stepping out. what happened was that they attracted the best and the brightest women who saw that they could have a career path there and have family and have great success because the environment was supportive and other firms.

when you talk about having an inclusive economy, this is really the same thing, it is about the economic results. we need access and opportunity for all of our terrific people in this country and all of our entrepreneurs because that is how we make the foundation stone for this economy to last. >> we have more women breadwinner's than ever before, is that fair to say? we are five minutes away from the jobs numbers. i am watching the clock. what would you consider to be the greatest challenge is still ahead for women that want to own small businesses or jump into the economy in some way, shape, or form who feel that it is a world that they cannot be part of? >> i want to come back to this excess of capital issues which

really is a substantive topic. we have 8 million women who own small businesses. it's about 30%. so women are becoming entrepreneurs but we need make sure they have access and opportunity. and at the s.p.a. we give loan guarantees. it won't surprise you that we are three to five times more likely to give lones to a woman more than a conventional lender. that is wear government can have a role. we make loan guarantees and the loans perform really quite well. there's not a lot of cost. we need to make sure mainstream

women -- and as i say these high growth companies have the tools that these entrepreneur woman need. i was talking to a woman who does parts and she now exports. she's been on a trade mission and she's about to sell helicopter parts in korea. and that's the kind of company we're talking about who's going to create employment. she's in philadelphia. those are real jobs here in this country. >> well, i think one of the things that women need understand and i think there's also got be a transformation in the workplace is that it is possible to work and to take care of family. if you look at the gender gap, it's much smaller than once family starts. many people believe it's a

trade-off. women believe either i'm going to work or i appear going to take care of my children. but a growing number of workplaces recognize that building in flexibility not just for women but for men too. men are doing more at home as well that they can do that. we did report for this forum two years ago. that was a great endeavor. it was an interesting endeavor for me as a member of the c.e.a. but the research suggested that it could be profitable for them to have more flexibility. because of that work actually i sparked an economist who did an experiment in china where that implemented workplace flexibility. the numbers are through the roof. the workers are are more productive, they work more hours and they're more accurate. with flexibility you get the

best workers. they're more productive and we can actually have a win-win. >> let me echo the logic. if i went time-out this room. i said i want to hire and help promote the 20 best people here, not just on the job but i want you to rise to high levels. however, if you are a very, very committed parent please go to the side. 30 or 40% of you are not going to be really a candidate to be an executive here. of course, you would say you just weakened your potential management field. you just weakened your potential p.h.d. deal. that just makes common sense. for exaver reasons if we ask people to move to the side, it would be a larger number of women. but it also seems a shame that whether it's women or men that that would be bad for them in

terms of their opportunities but obviously, from an example i gave, it's going weaken -- it's going weaken the potential labor force a country has or a company has. and i think it is a good point that people who are parents the ability to still be a good parent, to have that flexibility, is more likely to have you stay longer in the place you're at not think you have to leave, half the trade-off. so i think that's just another example just in trying the president's efforts to get women in stem fields. get more girls interested in science, technology and workplace flexibility. this will be things that will disproportion natly help women overall. but they are good for the economy and they will benefit men and women because they just make economic sense. >> i'm look agent the numbers. it is 9:30. the job report released.

overall unemployment has dropped a fraction to 8.2%. slight dip mostly because americans stopped looking for work. 120,000 jobs. the economy added far short of 200,000 that was expected. what do you think is behind this slowdown? are you concerned about this slowdown or is this good news? >> well, i think the general summary of most of what we're seing in the economy right now is that we are making progress but we still have a long way to go because we're coming back from the deepest recession in, downturn in our economy in 80, 90 years. but i think that, you know, you can -- we always try to make sure that we don't overcelebrate a month when the numbers are better than expected or overemphasize when they're a little bit worse than exnted. the bottom line though is that our economy in the first three months of this year has created

over 600,000 jobs. it's well ahead of the projection in our estimates, our budget of two million jobs. the unemployment rate was 9.8% in november of 2010 just to remember 9.8%. it is now 8.2%. actually the unemployment rate actually came down for women from 8.2% to 8.1%. i think that overall this first quarter of 2012 shows significant progress for our labor market. 600,000 more jobs created. unemployment rate falling. but it's just not good enough for this president because he's not going to be happy. we're not going to be satisfied until we get tall way back to where we were before this terrible economic crisis we fell into, took place. >> karen wants to jump in but

let me ask you both because the numbers are what they are. also long-term unemployment is not good. i believe since december, it's at 40% which is an extremely high rate. if you look at 1981, 1982, back in those days, it doesn't surpass 20% so there's a bigger picture that creates a big challenge for this administration. >> you are absolutely right. if you went back to when the president put his americans job act, he had four categories and one of them was addressing not just unemployed workers but long-term unimployed workers. he has focused on getting infrastructure, construction jobs back. that may help more men than women jobs. but it deals with those in unemployment -- >> can those numbers be turned snarned >> the thing i want to remind

people, there is much that is in our control. let me just mention two things that the president proposed in the american jobs act that were not passed. things that were passed that were very helpful were the payroll tax cut, $1,000 per family, the benefits extended, helped millions of women, the veterans tax credit. but let me tell you two things that were not passed, a simple provision to spend $30 billion to prevent teacher layoff. we have lost since the end of the recession over 230,000 teacher and education jobs. they are almost 70% female jobs but even more importantly, they affect the quality of education of our young people. that is not about some big global technology globalization trend. that is just a simple issue of priorities. have we passed the president's

initiative there? we would be adding more teacher jobs as opposed to still losing state and local government jobs. secondly the infrastructure initiatives, the thing that was always bipartisan was infrastructure, that we need modernize our roads, etc. that's totally under our control. so just those two common sense provisions would have -- be bringing the unemployment rate down and those are totally in our control. those are things the president promoted, pushed for, fought for and were rejected and our labor force is not as strong. our economy is not as strong because those things were -- were not passed and again as i said, the proposal for teacher layoffs was one that larly hurt. >> so you're saying the republicans are getting in the way of job creation? >> i'm saying that the

partisanship that we perceive particularly from the house of representatives i think has blocked us from having a stronger job market and again, i didn't go through the whole list. i mentioned two common sense things that were in our controlle that this president proposed in september that would make things stronger. that said, we still saw the unemployment rate go to 8.2%. we're still seeing 600,000 jobs created the first three months of this year. and we still are going to have a long way to go because again the deep hole the president, the economic thole president inherited was very deep and he wants to see progress but he's nowhere close to satisfied. >> karen? >> he knows there are lots of women in construction firms out there and those numbers are growing. and we've done a women's controlling role to give them more access and opportunity to

federal contracting projects that are out there. but i want to talk about the manufacturing jobs. this is something that gene and the president have really put a focus on. and we've created 400,000 manufacturing jobs. yesterday, i was out in green bay, wisconsin on the factory floor of a woodworking company with the owner and, you know, it was a family business. so the son, the daughter, the wife, everybody's on the factory floor. and they are telling me about more and more orders that are coming in. we are really seing in my travels and in our small business world that these manufactures who are part of american supply chains have capacity and are growing and are adding people and as they do, maybe it is a slower track but it is a more stable

foundation. one of the things we're seeing is that big companies who have these small manufactures in their supply chain are noticing this. and they are bringing products and services and production back to the united states because they see they can have a supply chain of the same cost, better quality, faster turnaround that's a trend that's very positive. >> cici? >> just one number very quickly? we have created 466,000 our economy has manufacturing jobs in the last 25 months. that's the strongest 25-month period since 1995, 17 years. so if you want one area of real hope, progress in our economy, that turnaround in manufacturing jobs is very significant. >> cici? >> i just wanted to add in terms of the labor market for which is many people think that

men disproportion natly lost jobs the downturn but men's employment has recovered much faster than women. there are many factors but two that we can point out in particular. one is that while men are leaving unemployment, women have been slower to leave unemployment. and the second is what gene was mentioning is that women have less jobs because they're disproportion natly employed in the public sector but even given that they are disproportion natly employed in the public sector. that's sort of hampering the opportunities for women. i think that's going to slow down the recovery for women as a whole. >> we were talking about flexibility in the workplace and that applies not just for women but for men in your company. is there a way to track whether that has increased productivity, profit. is there proof behind the

philosophies you put in place? >> absolutely so. first of all, we started as an accounting firm. we've got accounting and metrics for anything you like. that's not a problem for us. analysis. you would be in heaven in our firm. analysis is what we're really good at. to me there's a couple of things to pivot back, as someone who's on the hiring side of all that data. not on the policy side of the data. you know, job creation is a good thing, period. as long as there's job creation you should feel good about the country. two, back to you on stem. part of the 18,000 heavily weighted in technology and engineer as accountants. there's a part of that program that you're talking about that's flexibility and accountability. it sounds as strength of conviction. first, you have to believe. once you believe in what you're

doing, you believe it's a right thing to do because it's a business imperative. i think the best example of flexibility, there is two people who work for me, jennifer and my chief of staff in communications. the three of us have not been standing in the same room, the same building or the same city to do any preparation for this meeting. it was all done in three different cities, different time zones using electronics. i don't know if they're home, if they're at the office, if i'm at home. it doesn't matter. what matters is you're productive. that's what matters. and so the ability -- [applause] and so the ability to create an environment where exeem be productive is to give them a choice. i'm married to a person who has a career in technology. and the first thing we do every sunday evening is plan our schedules. who's going to be out of town.

we synchronize outlook. who's got this child covered. >> thank you so much for this. now we know my girls know we're not the only crazy house. it's a lot of negotiation. >> flexibility is state of mind. you have to believe it can work. because if you start with the premise that it won't work, it won't work. it just won't work. a testament to the brave men back in the early 1990's, we're skeptical because part of what we do is professional skepticals as auditors. it worked. and it worked because it worked with the women who wanted to take the risk and it worked with the men who were willing to take the risk. the fact that we have moved our percentage of people on those arrangements. we don't even call them arrangements anymore. we don't worry about how and

where you are. it's a virtual model. so for us that's what starts. at the macro level and at the earlier level which is the program you're talking about. you have to make commitments. so we do all that great resources and tracking. we give back. so we announced that we made our commitment $60 million services we'll be providing pro bono to not for profit organizations. and the focus of that -- [applause] that takes our commitment back to $1010 million -- $110 million. that's going to low income school districts and getting the children into the school believing that not only should they go to high school but they should go to college. and when you're in high school,

60% are girls. i'll never forget this story and really this is about putting a face. i went to my old neighborhood in the south bronx in the poorest district. this young lady looked at me. i was dressed like this. she didn't think i had anything in common because i was dressed like this. so we opened up the yearbook from 1974. it was quite a stylish period. my god, what i look like. it was frightening. not to mention the mustache with the chain and the flare pants and the bad hair. oh, my goodness. but anyway. i said that's me. >> she said, you're kidding. that can't be you. she goes well how did you get from that picture to here.

>> i have a request, though. that we -- you've made so many changes in terms of flexibility. except have you guys notice like when a guy goes to his baseball match and leaves works early you say, you're so amazing! it's so great. and then if a woman leaves, they're just a mom. can they be dads? >> we don't want to change that. >> it's unbelievable, isn't it? god. >> our next program we got. i just made a mental note of that. >> ok. so cici and karen especially, i'd love insight from all of you. in my verge i found that women are are not so good in negotiating. there are some good ones out there.

but overall, not good. i squst wanted to know from your own experience, from your own personal outlooks where you think women can do better? terms of inserting themselves into this economy, stepping up and closing the gap when it comes to leadership positions and salaries. ? >> you look ready to go. >> first of all, a round of applause for mika's book. [applause] >> because it's about stepping up and saying it's ok to go in and ask for a raise. it's ok to be powerful. it's ok to be the boss. and it's ok to run a business, to own a business. it's ok to do all these things. we do them. this is our space. and if we own this space, we don't think somehow we've wandered into a bad place. when we know what we're worth and we know what it is that we need get paid.

so thank you for writing the book. >> i'll just say, the advice there is not to worry when you're talking to people, negotiating, trying to accomplish something. don't worry whether or not that they like you. worry that they respect you and command that in every way that you communicate, whether it's how you sit, hold yourself, the words you choose. it's not for them to be comfortable. awkward moments are fantastic when you're negotiating, by the way. fantastic. let the moment breathe and expect something back and it will come. do you agree? >> absolutely. when i first started negotiating for buying businesses, i got very, very tired, i had been up all night with the kifments i dime the negotiating table. and they say we want this. i said no. well, i was use today no, you can't have more cookies. no, you can't stay up late at night. and i realized, you know, the benefit of what we call the

irrational no. somebody said well when did men learn that? women learned it from their kids, men apparently, are born knowing. >> that's right. >> we need to take all these lessons we are learning from every part of our lives an let them be with us in the workplace and as we go forward and to be all the things we need to be. >> cici? >> so i completely agree with what you just said. one is the people i admire most in terms of how they live their lives are those who have when given an opportunity or a choice they have followed what they just wanted to do. they didn't worry about as you were saying what are others thinking about it or is it in my life trajectory because youle control your future but they follow what you want to do at the time? the second thing is don't be afraid to ask. if you don't ask, you won't get it. you to be willing to ask.

that goes in terms of organizing the workplace. i have a friend who was a flaur a high paid firm and she had a child. and she wanted to spend more time with her child but still wanted to be a full-time lawyer. she worked out an arrangement with her firm. she was the first to do so. she negotiated it. it worked well for the firm. she was working part-time and 60 hours a week. but it allowed her more time with her family. >> i will that moment speak as a man and say that -- >> ok. >> if there's one place that do i see just living life continuing sexism is the labeling by incredibly ambitious men labeling other women as too ambitious, too

aggression. >> there's another word, i think. [laughter] >> i think that is extremely un fortunate. i mean, for women have to not obviously let -- not let that get in their way. i never hear a guy being called he's too ambitious. but that's something that men have to be careful about, you know, unconscious or sub conscious biases. i want to make a bet about something. forgive me cici. i have no analysis for it. it's just a hunch. i think women in competitive sports in the last 20, 30 years is going to change the culture.

i see it in the young women in my life. i think that that may have a positive impact on the degree of women who feel more comfortable -- >> getting in the game. >> being competitive and not thinking there's anything wrong with that. >> two athletes in the room, listen up. you make a good point. i also think the fear of being that word whether it's male in the rooms imposing it on the woman or the women thinking that's the word. you worry about looking like this. you have to learn to be lie guys and reset. you want to know why they're so good about it? because they don't remember anything. you can have a bad moment with someone and get in there and

get your money. just reset. unclutter the brain. those are great for personal relationships but the advice i give you about respect is great advice for life. from your advantage point on this very issue, do you see women coming to the table and negotiating differently than men and in ways that they could improve? >> i see them certainly the behavior's changed. it doesn't happen over night. i get yelled at every day by somebody on my staff. it used to be the men would yell but now they yell equally. we did a few things. we have trainings like men and women as colleagues. men and women as buyers and you sort of learn a little bit about the d.n.a. of each other. you have to learn what the signals mean. what's the relevance of certain

things? there was a conversation once and i apply it with my wife but i didn't think about it. i remember forgetting at this training and we're all there. we're all learning about each other. it's not women just learning about men. we're in the same room, learning about each other. one of the big debates are men prioritize things and women maximize things. i had thought about that before. they gave me this great example. when you're sitting at home and i'm getting gas. and my wife would say, why don't you stop at the drugstore? no, i'm just coming back. i can't go to the drugstore because it's not on my list. women have figured out, no, but the drugstore is right next to the gas station. and that's a really productive way to look at things. that was just this ah-ha moment that came out of this conversation. things like that have changed

the conversation, created a sense of awareness of the two groups. basically i think we're well on our way to where, a place that's far better than 20 years ago. >> some of the things that have happened in the administration and i would like to end with some final thoughts from each of you on where we are today and what still needs to be done. and by the way, why this very conversation is fornt this country's economic future, perhaps even vital. gene i'll start with you and go right down the line. >> i think -- as i've said, i think that you want whether it's a sports team or an economic or a company, you want to be at full strength. if you're are not at full strength you will not perform as well. i think one of the advantages the united states has for all of our problems is i think compared to japan and other competitors we do have more women in the workforce.

and i think that's one of our great competitive advantages and there are still barriers to overcome and that policy matters. karen runs the s.p.a. for example reasons and i don't understand it. if it were not for s.p.a. so many women would not get loans. why? such a higher percentage of woman get loans from s.p.a. run businesses. do returns but they're turned down in disproportioned numbers. i don't know. but i think that's a smart policy thing for us to be doing. it tears down barriers for women and great for job creation. it is about being a nation at full strength and being conscience of what the barriers on. we are tearing down the discriminatory barriers, tearing down the barriers that are just that just exist at our

wear. and when we're doing policy be aware where something has a disproportion nat impact. if you're cutting programs, remember that when you're looking at something like the earned income tax creditor child refundable tax credit that's going to disproportion natly hurt women who are working and struggling to stay out of poverty and to be conscious of that as you're thinking at every step line by line of the budget, where are your values, what's best for economy and in a lot of those cases you have to be very, very conscious on the impact of young and older women. >> karen? >> mika said and gina just said, i want the women out there particularly the women entrepreneurs to know one thing which is we are there for you across this administration. you'll hear from the president in a minute but his exitment to

an inclues commitment around access and opportunity, it's very clear. and we know that that is foundational for making a competitive america. but if you're a woman and you have a small business or you're thinking about being an entrepreneur or you're a young person and you're thinking what am i going to do, this path to being able to own and grow your own business is a place that you can own and we will be there to help you whether it's advice, counseling access to credit and just that encouragement to say, you know, you can be powerful. you be the boss and you can be successful. >> joe? >> sure, and i wanted to tell you that i was in davos representing our firm.

america is still the envy of the world. kind of pause when you make that statement. because you dwell on all the things that you can do better. there are lots of them. we're still the envy of the world in virtually every dimension. this searchly be marked in my opinion those of my partners by the countries whose laws and economic institutions not only create growth but distribute the fruits of that growth in a way that all of its citizens think it's just. and given the percentage of woman, that makes a difference. and to me, i believe america will be that country. >> cici, finally? >> i'm an internal optimism. we've seen dramatic changes in the last 30, 40 years in our labor force. i think we've come a long way. we still have a long way to go. but i think we've come a long way. i'm an optimism because the

economic reality in order for us to be competitive we need all hands on deck and we need to be using every citizen that economic reality will get more firms to be don'ting flexibility workplaces, more women being more assertive and seeing that they have more opportunities. so while we have a long way to go, i'm optimistic that we will get there. >> we'll leave it there. thank you very much. thank you, everybody. [applause]

this week on "q&a", charles

evans, producer and director of the documentary entitled "addiction incorporated", is joined by scientist and educator victor denoble, who was work is highlighted in the film. c-span: charles evans, what is "addiction incorporated"? >> guest: it is a film that i worked on for a long time about the tobacco industry and about victor denoble's lifetime commitment to doing good with science. c-span: where did you get the idea to do this? >> guest: i saw victor testify on your network back in what was the senate subcommittee coverage of the waxman subcommittee -- i wanted to know more. victor got a lot of coverage -- it was front-page news. he had just refuted the seven

ceos sworn testimony that nicotine was addictive, and i got his number three journalists friend and contacted him and got to know him better read i saw him -- i saw him make educational presentations about drugs to kids and came to feel that that was the story that i wanted to tell. the backdrop would be the tobacco industry and his very germanic experiences in it. c-span: and you are the victor denoble. how did you get started on this whole thing that has led to the documentary? >> guest: it began in 1979 when i was contacted by phillip morris tobacco. they said they were having some problems and wondered if i could help them. they said that the problem was that nicotine causes about 138,000 people to die every year from cardiovascular activity and brain strokes.

c-span: that figure is how much? >> guest: 138,000 each year from heart disease and brain strokes. they had a program in the 1970s where they wanted to remove nicotine from cigarettes and replace it with a job that was equally addictive, but joe that would not cause the heart problems and brain strokes. they had all these molecules that he invented, but they had no way to test them. that was my job. to come in and find a molecule that a rat's brain would say i like it, and the rats heart would not have any cardiovascular problem with it. c-span: 1979? what were you doing at the time? >> guest: as a postdoc and my specialty was drug addition and i was working with animals. i was working on alcohol addition. when i'm into phillip morris, we established a laboratory to study the behavioral effects of nicotine on the brains of rats. i went to work there on april 1,

1980. i was asked to leave on april 5, 1984. c-span: we will come back to that. where were you at the time he watched the hearing, and what were you doing then? >> guest: i was in los angeles, and i was trying to get my own company started, and i think we were trying to get a movie made with johnny depp. this real-life story captured my attention span that did you have any feeling yourself about smoking? >> guest: not really. i have had some addiction issues myself as a kid, but i never smoked cigarettes, and as i got further along, it became clear that covering that territory in a movie was perhaps part of the -- it was what dell denies me to the material. i did not really have a feeling -- i'm not a crusader.

i did not have an ax to grind with the tobacco industry. c-span: do you smoke? >> guest: my father so, my brother and sister smoke. c-span: after all you have been through with this, your sister still smokes today? >> guest: yes. nicotine is very hard to deal with. people who smoke it on seven to 10 times on average. he change the way your brain works, perhaps for the rest of your life. there are some people that will never overcome the addiction. now, my sister has done a great job. she is down to five cigarettes a day, which is really fabulous. she used to be a two pack a day smoker. she exercises. again, it's an addiction. c-span: here's some video of the testifying back in 1994 before

the waxman committee. let's watch a little bit of it. >> i would like to say that senior management and return, virginia, as well as top officials at phillip morris reviewed our research and approved it. senior management also made final decisions determining whether data could be published, presented at scientific meetings, or even discussed in the scientific community. with regard to the phillip morris press release dated march 1231, 1994, the statements made concerning my research and assessment of experiments are out of context and misleading. further, during my employment, three manuscripts were approved for publication. two of these manuscripts were subsequently ordered to be withdrawn by the company after this approval. in addition, in 1983 scheduled presentation of the nicotine self administration paper of the american psychological

association meeting was also blocked by the company. finally, without prior discussion or prior warning, the pharmacology laboratory was closed in april of 1984. c-span: when you were sitting at the table, what was the federal government's position, and the law that had been passed about tobacco? >> guest: there really wasn't a very good position for the federal government. in 1984, there was an any states that were smoke-free. you could smoke in restaurants, bars, hotels, airplanes. it wasn't any kind of movement against the tobacco industry. this is the first time that i think the public got to hear some stories that they suspected were true. but could never really prove. our job at that congressional hearing was to be giving people information and let them make their own decisions spent actually working for the time he made that testimony? >> guest: i was working in

delaware. working with people with disabilities. c-span: did you have to get permission to make that testimony? >> guest: no. i did not. i took off of work and took leave time, and i testified as a citizen, not as an employee of the day. c-span: i was getting at the phillip morris contract that you had signed. >> guest: yes, i signed a contract in a and a contract was binding until april 14, 1994, at the congressional hearing with the seven ceos. congressman synar and the president of phillip morris, mr. camilleri, they said will you release and? and he said, well, we'll have to look at it. that exchange with congressman synar went on for approximately seven minutes. it was the longest seven minutes of my life. had they held on and said no, i knew that the tobacco lawyers would never let our testimony come to light.

but he finally gave in and said yes. once that happened, i knew that we were free to tell the truth. c-span: how many years did it take you to document tree? >> guest: 15 or 16 years. from the first time that i heard victor, 15 or 16 years. c-span: what other movies have you produced? >> guest: the aviator. i don't johnny depp's "the brave", which did not get released in the united states. c-span: had you ever done it -- a documentary but for? >> guest: i had not. my mom was a documentary film maker, but i had never thought about it. c-span: where did you grow up. >> guest: new york city. c-span: what did your parents to? >> guest: filmmaking family. dad and uncle are producers, my cousins are in various areas of the entertainment business.

c-span: what kind of education did you get? >> guest: underground berkeley short story writing and graduate school. c-span: where did you grow up? >> guest: in valley stream, new york. c-span: what about your education and? >> guest: high school and got a phd from a delhi university. i got a second postop from the university of minnesota. i went to work for phillip morris. c-span: we have a clip from your documentary, and it starts with the early days in the life of victor denoble. >> back in the 60s, people pigeonhole people. victors not very bright, so he's going to go to plumbers school like his dad. one day my father looked at me and said, what are you doing tonight? and i said i am hanging out the guys. he said well, why don't you college? that was really strange for me. my father had never mentioned

the word college and my 17 years of existence. i have ever heard him say that word. i looked at him and i said, why do i want to go to college? and he said to meet smart women. so i ended up going to college at a place called adelphi university, which happen to be close to my house. i wasn't going to make this a career, i was going to meet smart women. why not stay close to home? c-span: this is personal, his background, what was your approach as to how you were going to get the public interested in this subject? >> guest: i started -- i produced the film with the get to know victor sequence and the little bit that follows there. it seemed out of the blue, so i felt like we had to get to know him, know where he came from and note the remarkable obstacles that he overcame to become an

academic force. i think that helped ease us into the stories. c-span: how did someone spend 15 or 16 years on a documentary financially? how did you set that up? >> guest: i financed the development of it for a long time myself. my film company. i don't discuss who financed the entirety of the film. c-span: what i mean by that is did you have the finances ahead of time or did you have to keep getting money as he went along? >> guest: i had the will of thought to develop the project and i needed a green light from some of you to make the film. and i got that. c-span: i hear you in the documentary suggesting you're being paid to go around the country by the tobacco company? explained that, and what is the law today? >> guest: the national settlement became down stated that the tobacco industry has to pay individual states certain amounts of money to -- because

they basically lied to the states. this money comes into the states, and some of that goes into public health programs. some of it goes into grants. the public art departments called me and said why don't you put get paid to come talk to our kids? i'm being paid by public health, but it trickled in from the tobacco industry. in my small world, it is like i'm getting paid by the industry to tell kids about the industry. there is something nice about that for me. c-span: but if you're working for a tobacco company, there's something not nice about that -- what's the reaction? >> guest: he's not working for the tobacco industry, he's working to educate kids about the industry. c-span: i'm talking about if you watch this money leave them, go to the states, and end up -- there's a lot things that they do with the money besides having victor do noble out there.

>> guest: there were very fortunate to pay that money. had they not, they would have been encrypted by an awesome array of lawsuits that were scheduled for trial. the film documents this. how they got the gallows and were able to negotiate themselves into another couple decades or few decades of selling tobacco. c-span: what was the direct result of those hearings? >> guest: the hearings resulted in massive lawsuits filed by plaintiff attorneys on behalf of people who got hurt from tobacco. not on behalf of the people that got her -- the people who pay taxes and money for health insurance to take care of those folks. it resulted in the attorney general settlement, which covered almost all the 50 states. a resulted president obama signing the smoking act, and now that leads to regulation of the tobacco industry in the future. c-span: is this a partisan issue

at all? >> guest: it is one of the rare moments when both sides came together and voted in overwhelming numbers to regulate the tobacco industry. i think judge kessler's ruling in 2006 -- the finding that the industry had perpetrated 50 years of fraud against the american people, it's little known but was widely read them very much influenced lawmakers. it is a disgusting chronicle -- it is a thorough, encyclopedic, and weathering -- how i sit? summation of that behavior over the last 50 years. c-span: above everybody else's -- 5.5 trillion cigarettes smoked two-year? the numbers are overwhelming how

are these companies today financially? american-based tobacco companies? >> guest: they are financially quite sound. the most profitable market is still the united states. the tobacco companies here make more on the cigarettes here. what you have in china and japan is the tobacco industry has a hard time getting in there, because the tobacco industry in japan is owned by the federal government. they are limiting the number of u.s. imports that come in. syncing with china. they limit the number of imports. in these other countries, the conglomerates in those countries, they hold the american companies at it. most american companies know that in 20 years they will probably not be selling their product to your. c-span: hemi- people work on the documentary? >> guest: no one's asked me that question. well over 100. all departments, you need

basically the same crew that a small narrative film needs to make re-creations and animators and a lot of people. c-span: here is a clip with doctor denoble from your documentary. >> guest: i had a hunch one of them might be an addictive drug. victor denoble was the first one to look at the question of acetaldehyde -- does it play some role in tobacco dependence? or addiction? >> up until that time, we have been looking at nicotine is a chemical -- the primary that everyone knows about. chemicals interact with receptors. the way nicotine works, it interacts with a particular receptor. if i could make that receptor more receptive, to nicotine with

another chemical, it enhances the effect of the addiction or of the chemical. >> could acetaldehyde be an addictive drug? we didn't know. so we asked the rats. >> one of the things we found out is that they would work to get nicotine, but they wouldn't work very hard for it. that is not surprising. they don't work very hard for alcohol unit. why would some people be addicted to tobacco smoke if it is okay but it is not great? that let us to think that maybe there is something else in there. so we went to the chemicals, and i found a chemical called acetaldehyde. i knew from previous research that when this chemical gets into our brains, it reacts with a chemical called dopamine and forms another chemical that looks like cocaine. so we did a whole series of studies. we showed two things that are important. the first is that acetaldehyde does enhance the effect of nicotine. it makes it more addictive.

equally important, acetaldehyde by itself is an addictive drug. so now you have two things in cigarettes and tobacco smoke that are causing addiction. not one, and that was a very critical finding for the company. they asked us to figure out how much levels of nicotine and acetaldehyde the rats liked. the bottom line is we came up with that rats liked a little more acetaldehyde than they did nicotine. we can't prove this. i can only tell you what the data suggests. the retro- engineer of marlborough. he figured out acetaldehyde in 1982. in 1983, philip morris began adding sugar to the marlborough cigarette. if you look at the history of

marlborough, sugar went up about 26%, the acetaldehyde when up at by 40%. it wasn't until 1996 that marlborough became the best selling cigarette in the world with the altered structure. c-span: the philip morris company is how big and how does that relate to the altria named? >> guest: i think altria is the parent name for a series of companies. i forget the other ones. phillip morris is a huge company. i don't know how big -- mr. evans might know. but it is a massive organization >> guest: at the time that victor was doing the work, finding that more of this drug makes them press levers much more -- we have documented science that they changed the

recipe for marlborough and continued to change it until it requested the ratio that victor found in 1982. what the optimal amount that they like the best. that is such a great and genetic thing, and we didn't have the time to even put it into the movie. c-span: someone today smokes a cigarette, how many different things -- are put in there by the tobacco companies to enhance that smoke? >> guest: let's go back to the basics. just take tobacco. just pure tobacco. if you analyze, it is about 300 chemicals. c-span: if you have the leave? >> guest: yes. if you burn it, it forms 4000 chemicals. that is just from burning natural tobacco.

a person is inhaling about 4000 chemicals with no additives at all. i've heard new information. now there are additives, and you're making all sorts of chemicals. there are at least 50 that produce cancer, there is formaldehyde, there is rap poison her, in there, there is all sorts of things that are made when you burn tobacco products. c-span: i want to go back and show the hearing itself that you sought. where saw. where were you when he saw the steering? >> guest: i think i was at my uncles house. i was at a relative's house. c-span: and uncle on the west coast? there were seven people from the tobacco companies. how many of those companies still exist? >> guest: i am not sure. >> all of the companies still exist. but all of the ceos have gone.

c-span: all of the ceos have on? >> guest: all of the ceos have retired or have left the industry. within a year of that hearing. c-span: here is the clip, i think you're going to see ron wyden who is a congressman. >> i'm going to write down the row and asked each one a simple question. we will see what their responses. >> i believe nicotine is not addictive and. >> nicotine does not meet the classic definition of addiction. >> i don't believe that nicotine is addictive. >> not addictive. >> not addictive. >> can you discuss the need to state clearly in the same word that you all did and that same way -- >> it is outrageous.

it is outrageous for you to assume that we meet and talk about these issues. we are competitors, we are independent, we are fighting for survival in a legitimate marketplace. >> it is difficult for me to characterize anything as outrageous after seven intelligent people have told the american people that 250 million people that cigarettes are not addictive. what could be more ridiculous? sir, we are skeptical of answers in other areas, you will understand why. c-span: i listen to this earlier. whitey think it took so long for the congress or the government to do something about this? and they had been studying this issue from way back in the 1960s? >> guest: the tobacco industry -- the companies came together and i think they formed a tight union, sort of, the opec of tobacco growers. they agreed to not let out any

signs that would be incriminating to them to actively put up a public face that we are concerned about the health of our customers and to actively pledge to spend a lot of money on science that would investigate this in the interest of the consumer. they successfully kept doubts about the toxic nature of their product. and they effectively kept a lid on employees talking to the media. they had a perfect record of success until 1994. c-span: one of the things i understand, one of the ceos say how dare you suggest that we get together, which is an antitrust violation in the industry. but what mr. evans is suggesting is that they had this trade group that allow them to get around it. you want to give any background from your prospective?

>> guest: there's no question. the tobacco industry, while they may not share secrets of other products, they certainly shared strategies. in fact, phillip morris had a scientist i was actually sitting on the surgeon general's committee in washington and would listen to things about tobacco. before that person would go back to new york, they would stop up in richmond, virginia, and the report was about what the surgeon general was thinking. then he would go home. that information was shared between companies. they didn't share it trade secrets, they certainly shared strategy and logistical situations about how to deal with the government. c-span: than what the company said about the addiction part of this. >> guest: in 2007, they still claim it was not addictive. in the year 2000, they said that is something that we knew all along. we just forgot to tell you. c-span: and these guys had all left by then? >> guest: yes. all seven had retired at that point and people brought in --

c-span: what impact do you think this theory had on those seven executives? >> guest: it clearly greets the wheels for their departure. it was a big liability and a big national laughingstock. people laughed about it. they swore what everyone was intuitive about in new was not true. what is so dramatic about the timing is that two weeks later in that same room, a fellow comes along and refutes what they all said in a matter of fact, no ax to grind, scientific way. c-span: we are sitting here talking about a documentary that is definitely against tobacco, against the addiction. what is the other side of this? are there people still taking the other side of this? >> guest: i think it is not anti-tobacco. i think what it is is a historical perspective for you -- the reader, the observer to

make a decision. had that hearing with the seven executives been a closed hearing and all those words never been made public, i don't think anything really would've come about. as charles said, this was the first hearing gavel to gavel that was televised. the public, for the first time, got to see seven people obviously lying to congress. obviously being delusional to congress. c-span: the think they were lying or do you think they were convinced that they -- >> guest: i don't know. the best you could probably say that there were probably delusional. they bought into their own ideology of what tobacco was. the worst case you can say, they actively lied to congress. but i don't know whether they lied or -- c-span: and many were convinced tube prosecute them for perjury and technicalities that dissolve

these efforts. it is widely believed in law-enforcement that they were lying but they could not be prosecuted for it. c-span: congress spends billions of dollars fighting the drug war in mexico, south america, afghanistan -- why do we spend so much money and have a war against drugs, but if this is a proven addiction, we don't shut it down completely? >> guest: there are a lot of addicts in this country. i think it is being studied right now by the fda. how do you wean people off of nicotine without having some sort of cataclysmic economic fallout? from 40 million americans who can't go to work or are just far less functional.

.. is that tobacco, a third of the people use tobacco. the other two-thirds love long-term health care problems, copd, cancer. the problem is tobacco does these things 20 years from now. that's amphetamine, cocaine, alcohol.

they are a cute drugs. they do the damage very, very quickly so we see that. we see a kid on the street smoking a cigarette, we'll not see him in hospital for 20 or 30 years. i think that break is why we don't focus on tobacco. >> cspan: do you want to add something? >> guest: i want to say something about being an affect about the movie. it's not. it's a cautionary tale or a window on the disgrace of an industry or what happens when bad public opinion turns on an industry and realizes that it's doing very bad, there are economic consequences and these will be paid the next couple generations. they will pay much more to it than they have yet. >> cspan: how long is your documentary? >> guest: 100 minutes. >> cspan: will it be available speak what.

>> guest: october. >> cspan: how long do you think you'll be in eaters around the country? >> guest: the next couple weeks tremont let's take some of our own footage, not yours, from the hearing. and the late congressman synar it died as a brain tumor is questioning back on this subje subject. >> the subcommittee asked his version of event and doctored a noble informed the subcommittee would be unable to talk to us because it may be subject to a confidential agreement he has with your company, philip morris. therefore, it would bar the test by a doctor to noble because of that agreement. mr. campbell, will you release him from his confidentiality agreement so he can appear voluntarily before the subcommittee to tell us what really happened? >> i don't know of the

confidentiality agreements i would have have an investigation and then i will answer. >> will be released dr. denoble from any contractual agreement shows that will allow him to voluntary testify? >> dr. denoble is quite on the record -- >> yes or no? will you allow dr. denoble to come for? >> i see no problems. >> that's not the question. mr. campbell, dr. denoble will voluntarily appear if you can get to the agreement that has with your company. will you release them from that agreement? >> can't i check with my council at the suspect was i just want to know. you're the chairman of the board spent know i am not. i'm just the president. [laughter] let's give him a minute. >> you will do it. sure. >> thank you. >> cspan: how many of those are your at it and not mine? >> guest: that is our video. >> cspan: i thought i made the cuts but you did.

>> guest: were you in the room? we were home. we were instructed to stay home and we would being protected by the fbi. >> cspan: where were you? >> guest: and delaware. >> cspan: you were instructed to stay home. >> guest: we are asked to stay home and stay out of the public light and just kind of watch the hearing and digest what was going on. >> cspan: why? >> guest: i wanted, wanted to see what the ceos were going to say and i knew i would have to respond to it. i did know if we would get released from that agreement. had mr. campbell said no and just said no, and ended it, and i have not -- the tobacco industry lawyers would have blocked my testimony from ever being heard, at least legally anyway. so that was a critical, critical moment for us. when he said sure, we will do it, i mean, there was an amazing

sense of relief. >> cspan: i've got to show you this from the documentary. >> i remember i received a phone call from my mother who had received phone call from one of her friends. and she called and she said of victories on television. and, of course, a lot of friends called him, what do they call those people that talk? [inaudible] in 4? >> something like that. and a couple of them really ticked me off. you're talking about my kid, you know? you don't do that. take it for what it's worth. whatever he is doing his doing for everybody, not for himself. >> mr. evans, who did the interview. >> guest: i didn't. >> cspan: when was that? >> guest: in 2009, summer of 2009. >> cspan: where did you do the interviews? >> guest: we were in long island, new york. that was richmond.

richmond, virginia,. >> cspan: is your mom still alive? >> guest: she passed on june 15. >> cspan: june 15 of last year? >> guest: yes. >> cspan: i see both of you rather emotional about this. this has affected you, mr. evans. why? >> guest: because victor's mom was really a lovely person. >> cspan: what was the reaction to you being in the spotlight like this? >> guest: i didn't tell them what was happening. i wanted to protect them. so they didn't know was going on until it was on c-span. and she called me up at night and she said, did you tell the whole truth? i suggest. -- i suggest. >> cspan: your sister, is this the sister that still smokes? >> guest: yes, it is tremont d. give her advice on how to get

out of it? >> guest: no. i told my mother, 1960 something, i said mom are not going to bother you about smoking. to me a favor, just go exercise. my mom joined the ymca. and my sister is now doing the same thing but i recognize that some people can overcome the addiction. these happened to be two people looking. so my sister now every morning goes downstairs and gets on the treadmill and does a thing and choose cut down to two backs and a down to five cigarettes a day. maybe in the future she will be successful. >> cspan: how often do you talk to young people? >> guest: wow. idea about 400 each year. i do three program today, 55 days a week. i'm in 15 schools each week. >> cspan: where do you live? >> guest: san diego. i travel all over the country. i've been going back to the same schools now for sometimes 15, 16, 17 years. i've gone through three, four, five principles. the school i don't ever promote.

i don't do anything. it's a word-of-mouth. >> cspan: how do you get kids attention? >> guest: it's really easy. i just tell them i'm a scientist and i do drug research but i work with animals. i've a picture of iraq and explain what i do. it's amazing to me. i don't know how or why i have such a nice way with kids, but they seem to gravitate to the size. i never tell them what to do. never -- it is their choice, and i tell them that. nobody is going to stick a needle in your thing. nobody will put a bill in your mouth. you will decide to do that. i know you're only 12, but it is your decision, not your parents, not your teachers, not pure pressure. you are going to choose. and i think that resonates with kids. that it is their choice, and they have the right to choose. >> cspan: how much gaping did you do of dr. denoble? >> guest: five, 10, 15 plus

presentations, with many of them multiple cameras toward the end. i knew exactly what i needed drama what was the toughest part of making this documentary and why did it take so long? >> guest: they needed in ending. i needed to know on an ongoing story about an industry, you know, that just hasn't really been too badly impacted. the building -- bill signed into law overseeing that culminates what began in these subcommittee rooms, the coming coming in, the disgrace of an industry to the point that they needed to be lumped in with all the others. they were no longer special case. they were no longer protected, and given the exemptions from all other consumer products that have been the case before that. >> cspan: here's some more. this is a little clip, i believe he's an attorney.

>> guest: thies tremont from louisiana? >> guest: yes. >> cspan: want to ask you why you use this. >> about three weeks, that rat will wake up. [inaudible] spit he wakes up, the first thing he does in the morning is it that switch. >> that switch 90 times a day, and they need nicotine. in fact, the first thing they did in the morning was hit that switch just like a smoker, and the last thing they did at night was hit that switch, just like a smoker. and i said,. [inaudible] teen chick a boo-boo. that's an expression, louisiana lawyers accuse when you got the jackpot. >> had you ever heard that

before? >> guest: no. i was just trying not to laugh until after he said it. been i did not is going to say it again, and i just missed getting his reputation of getting. one of the great thrills. >> cspan: anybody from the tobacco industry agreed to be interviewed? it works for the tobacco industry now, or you know, the time they come to you. >> guest: during the time that the film covers, yes. i was fortunate enough to have one highly placed and very visible tobacco attorney, a defense attorney gone tobacco executive, stephen parrish, and after a long time of being off camera background, resource or

consultant, he agreed, he had comfort level with the project and agreed to go on camera to give a window on what was going on in the ranks while all of these news bombshells were going off all around them. >> cspan: you were sitting there talking about the rats, and then came chicken bone bow came and talked about dash that what is that? >> guest: to determine whether a drug is addictive, rats are placed in a box and the boxes to leverage. if you press one letter, it activates a bump and the drug goes right into the thing. if you press the other lever nothing happens. so the rat pressing that switch, that's out comes in contact with the drug. it presses the switch only because it is curious, because we're curious. once the drug was in the rats brain, over time it was

addiction is not an event. it takes rats anywhere from 20 to 35 days to get addicted to drug, just like it takes a person a while, too. so pressing that switch come in the beginning of the movie you see animation that charlie uses but it shows the rat, animated rats present us -- pressing a switch and then making going in. >> guest: i thought this was an important want to drive home or to include in the film because i want kids to understand that they were changing the brain whenever they're putting a drug in there. it's actively changing your brain and producing things that would normally happen. this is horrifying to kids. more so than to older people. and is a i think a small part of the reactive miss of the kids the pictures presentations. >> cspan: how many kids smoke?

>> guest: it's around 26% of high school population. and that varies from state to state. and california, for example, it's only around 16%. if you go to states like michigan, you'll find up to 34%. the average is about 26%. >> cspan: 34%? >> guest: some states are higher, some states are lower. >> cspan: have you looked at why california is 16 and michigan 34th. >> guest: one of the most competent tobacco programs and it has been for over 20 years. california was when the first dates to ban smoking in restaurants and bars. other states are now coming on board with that the florida is another great state that has been doing that as well. so it depends on how much money you much money you have in state and whether you can provide this kind of education. education is key. we have seen in california. we've seen in other states. the more educated your fourth and fifth graders are on

tobacco, the better off they will be making good choices. >> cspan: how about the world? what if you found out about the world smoking and where does a united states fit in to that statistically? >> guest: i will stick with the film and the world and know that there's a lot of interest worldwide, and it's a huge problem worldwide. i'm not great on statistics. >> cspan: what will make this documentary for you a success? do you expect to make money? >> guest: i am going to work really hard to try to make money. i don't know that it will, but it will be important for me if they're still showing this in schools in 10 or 20 years. that would be great for me. >> cspan: what about you? >> guest: i think the documented will be a success because we will not only wrote out here, we'll modify it and shorten it and offered to schools. and offer it to folks to use as an educational tool. and i think, based on my history, when i see kids coming up to me, colleges 10 years ago,

i have very high hopes that get a look at this 10 years from now and say, wow, that really happened back then? and kids can use it as a tool, as an educational tool for history. >> guest: we were in a screening last night here in washington, a kid in the front row said, i was just, i was just a couple years old when this happened, all this happen. he wouldn't have, without this film it was clear that this historical reference, all of this bad behavior that people feel it is secondhand knowledge now, people feel as a matter fact, and i think people need to be reminded of the potential for corporations when they are allowed to run wild and there's a big toll, you know, in human life. people will produce products for

profit, you know, and less they are regulated. >> cspan: who narrated your document? >> guest: there was no narrated. that was one of i think great successes of it, for me personally. because i don't like to be told what to think, just like your told the story. the interview dovetails together enough to have a good narrative going. >> cspan: here is one last clip. you testify. this is our video, not the documentary. >> we are offering development, middle age, where you and researchers from richmond, virginia, to new york city to brief senior management on your work. can you walk us through what happened to those events starts back in richmond? >> sure. we were notified by our senior management that we're going to be going to new york corporate

headquarters to give a presentation on the activities of the behavioral laboratory. we were taken to the airport, put on the company jet, float up to new york and one of the limousines met us and took us to the corporate headquarters. at that point we gave presentation to several members of new york corporate staff, entertained questions, had lunch in the executive dining room and were flown back that evening on the company jet. >> what kind of questions were you asked? >> i was only asked one question. >> what wasn't? >> i can't quote it but i will paraphrase it. it's basically why should i regulate billion dollars industry on a rat pressing buttons spent and this was philip morris executive? >> yes. [inaudible] >> i've been racking my brain and i can't but there's only one individual that i can remember

who was there, and that was a lady named caroline leavy, dr. lee the. >> were these top management people? >> yes, they were. >> cspanspent wouldbe fair to sr management people were troubled or worried about the work you were doing? >> from that meeting i didn't think so. in fact, on the way back in the plane we all thought things went very, very well. however, subsequently after that meeting we were told that our laboratory might be shut down, but they wanted to continue the research and the possibility was that we would be set up a laboratory in switzerland to continue. >> cspan: put this again in context. that was 1994 can't you just. >> cspan: how did you work for philip morris? >> guest: from 1980-1980 for. >> cspan: where? >> guest: in richmond, virginia,. >> cspan: and what were your circumstances? did you have a contract? >> guest: no, i was an active employee.

i had my philip morris badge and was a member of the company. we developed a lavatory inside the company it's up to do animal research. they didn't have this big we had to build it. we did our research and signed a secrecy agreement and we are fired on april 5, 1984. we were there a little over four years. they were silenced by a secrecy agreement that we have signed from 84-94, until the congressional hearing where mr. campbell eventually released myself and the other doctor. >> cspan: why did you sign a secrecy agreement? >> guest: it's not unusual when you work for most corporation, even pharmaceutical companies you sign an agreement that things you invent, they own. things you learn there you can't divulge. but the difference was there's always a time limit. if you leave you can't work on the same product for maybe five years. this was a lifelong agreement that we signed. so once you sign this agreement,

for the rest of your life you'll never discuss what you've done in the tobacco industry. that was the major difference. >> cspan: i want to show both of you some photographs, and i don't know that you know anything about this. this has nothing to do with your documentary per se. let's just put one up on the screen, this has to do with the fda, and you can see that's a man who has i guess his larynx was taken out. >> guest: trachea. >> cspan: warning, cigarettes are addictive. this meant i believe is supposed to have passed. i'm not sure. morning, smoking can kill you. you can see he is at his chest opened a. smoke can harm your children. and finally, cigarettes cause strokes and heart disease. do you know what this is all about? >> guest: these are the new warning labels that the fda wanted to put on the new packs of cigarettes. and the tobacco industry, the

fda advisory committee recommended these warnings. the tobacco industry went to the courts and said no, these are a violation of first amendment rights because these warnings are not based on scientific evidence. these warnings are based upon supposition, and the courts upheld the tobacco industry's position. what the courts said is this a violation of your right. they can't force you to counter advertise on your own product. >> guest: the interesting thing though, the tobacco industry knows this. warning labels and australia are almost three-course of the pack and our of those graphic nature. >> cspan: a judge, a federal judge stopped this. >> guest: correct. >> cspan: did you know what reason he gave? >> guest: not closely, not to talk about at. >> guest: to the federal judge stopped the base of first amendment rights. what he said was the fda does not have the right to force you to counter advertise on the own product. >> cspan: you said that earlier.

>> guest: in all of this i think these are all small little skirmishes that are rather important locally. the big picture is that the fda's current we empowered to reduce nicotine content in tobacco products to the point that they are not, they won't sustain addiction, and this is the antitobacco advocates who -- i think americans are strongly, strongly -- or, a vast majority of americans, i think 80% or in the high '70s, agree that they don't want kids in the future smoking. and even smokers included in that number. good question is how to get these, how to get the addicts off without having economic repercussions. the hope is that the fda will, is taking these steps and will

make a regulation for nicotine reduction over time, to the point that tobacco will be a memory for most people. >> cspan: we don't have a clip of this but one of the things that, a tension in your documentary if you use a couple of interviews with peter jennings interviewing, i don't member who he was interviewing,. >> guest: i think to different people over the course of the film drama in my point on this is he died of lung cancer. he was a smoker. and i wonder at the time if either one of you ever meet him or ask you about it? >> guest: i was interviewed by peter jennings back in 94-95 and actually peter jennings had quit smoking and actually start smoking again at 9/11. we broached the idea, the idea that the smoke but he clearly was where he was addicted to the drug. i think this is so interesting,

you can do this thing and if you're going to get cancer, you stop smoking, you may already have it. you may suffer the consequences later on in life, which peter jennings did. i think that's a very important point for young people. it's not so much whether you live or die. yes, it is important but it's what is your point of life is going to be when you get older. >> cspan: let me ask you this. are you going to allow dr. denoble to use it with kids now? >> guest: dr. denoble can do whatever he wants with my movie, as far as i'm concerned. but, you know, his presentation and he speaks widely to several hundred thousand kids a year, he is on the 200 days a year. i think the face-to-face approach is the one that he favors. >> cspan: what is someone watching this saying, i want

victor denoble and my kids classroom? >> guest: there's a website, "addiction incorporated.com," the website for the movie, and you can go on there and you can leave a message on there and somebody will get back to you and we can figure out to do that spent in a couple minutes we have remaining, let me say some things. you guys reacted quickly to. the people that work at philip morris or any these companies are good people, i'm sure you're they are parents. they have children at all this stuff. what happens, the edition brain here that they keep selling this, knowing that it's going to cause all the problems? >> guest: if you're working in tobacco, you're just a regular guy. or a woman. and you are making, you have a family come to the mortgage, a house and kids, do you more or less at this point i'm going to stop doing this completely? i would do something else and i

will earn half the money and in today's economy, you know? so these people are earning a living for the family. are they bad people? absolutely not. >> guest: and there's an interesting like syndrome has been compared to this, he compared it to its middle-distance where they say it's a job, someone's going to do if i don't do it, and it's a comparison, it's a syndrome that was observed and theorize coming out of concentration camp guards, where they had to justify what they were doing. and there's a whole line of rationale that they seem to have embraced that allows them to cope with this sort of, you know, awareness, peripheral awareness of all the carnage caused by the product they make. >> cspan: have you gotten any reaction from any of the tobacco companies get? >> guest: we would welcome

any. >> cspan: defeating happened to you during this time? did they try to stop you from participating? >> guest: not at all. might only discretion is the depositions i get back in the '90s, but no, they've left me alone and they left the movie alone. >> cspan: you live in san diego, victor denoble, and you live in? >> guest: new york city. >> cspan: okay, and if they want to get in touch with you on this, they can get on the website? >> guest: www.addictionincorporated.com. >> cspan: gentlemen, thank you very much for joining us. >> guest: thank you for having us. >> for a dvd copy of this program called 1-877-662-7726. for free transcripts or to give us your comments about this