successful in gray shading himself with the buchanan administration. so you had this stalemate in which began in who support everywhere in the country was emoting except among southern democrats. he couldn't afford to upset davis. it would really have upset david if he had fired meggs. on the other hand, his secretary of war was in control and hated meggs and wanted walters back in control but couldn't get rid of meggs because you can wouldn't do what davis didn't want. and so you are this stalemate with resulted athletes are virtually nothing happened, particularly with the dome for two years.

until buchanan left. >> s.? >> wondering about the correspondence between meigs in crawford. crawford was in italy, so it must've taken a long time for them to be communicating back and forth as to what was happening with that statue. >> a really interesting point, and one that i thought of. not only did i correspond, correspond frequently, but they correspond at great length. meigs wrote huge letters to crawford, in which he pretty much described everything that was going on. a really important thing, i think, you know that meigs is that he had his handwriting was as bad as anybody's i have ever seen. so i can just see crawford getting one of these letters

about 14 or 15 chicken scratch pages, sitting down with his wife and everyone else trying to figure out what the hell is this guy saying, you know? there's a famous line of sherman in georgia, get the note from meigs a body supply train and journalist of his as well this is from journal -- general meigs, do what he says. i can't leave it. so what happened was that the communications would go by ship, and then they would come back by ship. crawford was able to take photographs, as we saw, of his models, and send them back to meigs, and didn't meigs a chosen to davis and then make his judgment and send it back. indeed, the whole process of selecting the statute took about a year and a half altogether, and with many back and forth,

many back and forth letters. all of meigs letters i think to crawford are pretty much preserve. crawford is doing his best to make meigs happy, and meigs really likes crawford so he still didn't crawford all his troubles with other american artists, you know, giving him all kinds of trouble for having foreigners working on stuff. is telling him all the stuff in crawford, you know, is sitting in rome trying to figure out what he is saying. [inaudible] >> how much time was involved? because meigs would have to get his message to a ship someplace into the ship took how long to cross the atlantic? >> about 11 days.

>> then once it reached italy it took a while before it would reach crawford. >> i'm trying, like i say, the whole process took about a year and have. i think each exchange, the shortest time between letters was probably three months. at that time. and, of course, if crawford summit else to do or if he had been make another model it would be longer before he sent another letter back. as i say, crawford worked fast, he didn't work that fast. >> when was the original capital built and who built it? >> several people build it. and it started in 1792, the original design. it was, first thing that happened was that george washington and thomas jefferson

hired pierre lafond to lay out the grid of the city. one of the marvelous things about writing this book is that the addresses i talk about in 1850 are the same as he addresses today. because the design is the same. and basically washington, d.c., has been filling in ever since. so ground was broken in early to mid-1790s. congress moved the capital in 1800, moved to d.c. in 1800. at the time the senate, the senate was built, a senate was built. does nothing but a big hole where the rotunda would be. and the house was look like a big dutch oven. i think it was called the dutch often. it was this brick structure that

you could just imagine what it was like in july. and then there was a walkway that went from house to the centric so that was 1800. of course, in 1814 the british torched the whole thing. and then it was others after the war of 1812 that rebuild the capital. and produced this. by 1825 this was done. in -- it was shortly after that when jackson came in, that he took bulfinch aside and said thank you very much, and goodbye. and nothing happened except

piecemeal changes until the period that we talk about here. i thank you very much. [applause] >> is there a nonfiction author or book you would like to see featured on booktv? sandison e-mail at booktv@c-span.org. or tweet us at twitter.com/booktv. up next, stacy cordery recounts the life of juliette daisy gordon well. daisy gordon will eventually change the name to the girl scouts, and this year marks the 100th anniversary of the girl scouts of america. >> hi, everybody. >> hi. spend how are we doing? i'd love to see a sea of green out there. let's see, i'm going to hand these to the woman behind the

curtain. magic. i'm going to put my water bottles of there. okay. i'm so excited to be here with you all today. we're coming up on an amazing anniversary, celebration, very excited. before they get i need to thank the founder and president of the national first ladies' library, museum and historic site, and all the wonderful staff members who help her here, including martha and the woman behind the curtain. so thank you for bringing me here. thank you for all the work. it's not an inconsiderable task. so, every girl scout has her own understanding of juliette gordon low and the rest of the world has never heard of her. today, i want to try to talk a little bit about her life, just give you an capsule biography of her, concentrating on the big

topics i think today, and then there will be at least one slide in there for girl scouts, because i know that when speak to audience about juliette will have to split the differences between those who know nothing about it and those who know a lot about her. all right, so here ago. here we go. here we go. hemi, we are not going. [laughter] here we go. thanks, jimmy. juliette gordon low found the most important organization for girls and women in history of this nation. and yet if i put this picture up in front of a room that doesn't have a sea of green, no one can identify her. i find that stunning and not so good. she led a fascinating life, woven throughout with sadness and great joy, juliette low was an optimist of a bit eccentric, very and trevor, very courageous, also fun-loving and as it turned out a phenomenal and visionary social reformer. so let's learn about her from

the very beginning. this is where she was born. savannah, georgia. i'm sure some of you may be into her home in savannah, georgia. this is a later picture. the third floor was there when she was born. she was born just before the civil war began and this was her father, a confederate veteran -- [inaudible] >> how am i going backwards? this was her father. he was a confederate veteran and he impressed upon his daughter the importance of duty. and i think he gave her that never say die attitude that comes from serving in the lost cause. her mother was from a family founding of chicago, and they taught the dog importance of giving back to a nation, a community that gave so much to her. in this, she saw a loving and

devoted marriage at work. these two words were dedicated to one another, from the day they met until the day they died. she was also, she gained a very clear understanding of the importance of religion to nelly and willie. this became important for her. juliette gordon low was it about the episcopalian her entire life. juliette low is the child in the back, the tallest one. she was not the oldest out of, not the youngest daughter, she was not the son. she was one of many children born to the gordon's. and girl scouts know her as crazy daisy. we know lots of stories we tell around the campfire about juliette gordon low's rather strange behavior. i will tell you one. she was young, in savannah, strangely cold that night in savannah and juliette low was worried about the family cow. so because she was a very kind hearted girl, she went to the

guest bedroom upstairs and she took the blanket off the bed, ran downstairs in the dark, wrap the cow in the blanket, secured the blank and then went to bed certain the cow would be fun. stunned to wake up, the blanket on the ground. there are lots of crazy daisy store and most of them seem to do with how kind she is. but when she gets a little older here, she's 18, i noticed them researching the record that the crazy daisy stories begin to fade away. and what happens, i believe is that as she ages amateurs, she comes to have her own sense of herself, and she doesn't need to have this kind of crazy persona in the family anymore. i think crazy daisy worked for her as a girl because she carved out a niche for herself and her family this way. she was the one who could make

things better with the jokes of, with a funny story. and i think this was a way to help her family through hard times and it gave her a secure position in a fun. but as i said when she got older, crazy daisy drops away. now, when she is older, she meets these two women, juliette lowe had a very good education for her time. her mother was a big fan of education for women. and so she went off to boarding school. she had quite a cosmopolitan existence because of her boarding school experience up and down the east coast. the woman on your left is abby hunter. she was friends with these women and tell the very end. i paid particular attention to her friendships, partly as a women's historians because that's what we do, and partly because i was to know how important friendships were to a

woman based on authorization based on making new friends and keeping feel to what he discovered was these friendships were extraordinary important to her, sustaining impact. this is the home that juliette gordon low knew very well. this is abby some in providence, rhode island. the girls wound up your quite a bit. this is abby. happy loved sports. if you have read the book a regular know this is the one friend who is nicknamed the icicle. she didn't like being called icicle. what i discovered about abby, quite apart from her friendship with juliette low is that abby had a sister named jenny who was profoundly deaf from scarlet fever at hq. and mrs. lipid said i will teach my daughter to speak. training for deaf children was

in infancy then and the standard caching standard procedure was to teach sign language. but she said sign language will be a while between my daughter and all those hearing people. i will teach her to speak are so against all odds, she taught ginny how to speak. she was what we would call today mainline. she would've enormous glacier perfectly happy life. now, i wonder what it means to juliette gordon low to have her best friend's sister conquer her deafness in the language of the day. they all knew one another. they all hung out together. so juliette low had an example of jeanne tranninety led concord, overcome her deafness. what it is being? maybe it was the israelis i think it was juliette low had understanding of what profound deafness was. all right, this is hyde hall and hide all is in cooperstown new

york. it's the home of her other friend, mary clark. mary gail was very kind, very gentle woman, but she also came from a family with a very deep vein of depression. perhaps by this polar -- bipolar disorder. suicide rain interference. her father committed suicide. her sister committed suicide. she had a brother who is suicidal. mary herself was so subtle. so this was a very difficult but different kind of disability for the air. juliette low never a band and mary, and i think again another testament to the importance of friendship despite odds. this is juliette gordon low's younger sister alice, and alice died in 1880 just a little bit after the time that mary's sister died. so here is alice, passed away, a

terrible tragedy for the family. it's the first break of the family circle and daisy is in a difficult position of having to mother her mother, because mrs. gordon has fallen apart. i can't imagine what it would be like to loose a child, and mrs. gordon was just brokenhearted. she had no time to take care of her other children. the eldest daughter was abroad to daisy had to mother her mother, take care of her father, keep the household together. there was no one to look after daisy. into the young men with whom she falls in love. despite the fact that her father said to her, and honest man who has learned to work and support himself is preferable for a husband. a man born rich. daisy fell in love with william lowell, or as her father called in the idol englishman. >> willie lowe said today's come your beautiful come your charming and you can rest your sorrows in me.

so i think it is important to understand the timing to understand the relationship i think she really loved him and a source i know he truly loved her. well, they were married in 1886. all girl scouts know what happened on this day. this was a day that as a wedding couple got in the carriage, and well-wishers threw rice and a piece of rice lodged in juliette low's ear. this was kabul get a by the fact that 23 months earlier her same ear had been treated with a caustic substance called silver nitrate. so the kind of double whammy of the rice which got lodged in her ear, and became infected, and the silver nitrate which caused extreme pain in that ear, together with a childhood full of beer infections, made juliette low very hard of hearing. how hard of hearing ask she was not profoundly deaf like gene

lippitt was. they got better and was debate on a variety of things, ambient noise, weather, file, you may become our own physical health, even our emotional health her friend said. so juliette low could hear sometimes somethings but other days she could do very well at all. her hearing went from bad to worse, it was never good but from bad to worse because her other ear was compromised as well. so here she is, juliette low, young married woman about to enter her husband world. our husbands were was one of what she referred to later as one of froth and bubble up and this froth and bubble world was full of people who were yachtsmen and hunters, big game hunters. they went fishing, they raced horses. in the spring they were in london for the season. then they went shooting in scotland in the fall. they spent their summers in english countryside. this is juliette at the very

top. these were all kinds of aristocratic and delete friends in england, and included this man, the prince of wales, the notorious womanizer. a friend of willey those the way to entertain a prince? you have to buy a suitable home so they bought a house in england. this was the modern-day picture. i have a friend who flew the american flag on the anniversary of girl scouting. so the couple moved into the something begin to entertain but will he begin to spin more and more time on his forces. he loved horses. he raced horses and bought horses, sold horses. he also loved cars. this building is where he kept the first automobile in the little tiny village but if you look above the white door you see he inscribed his initials in the building when he had it built for cars. now there's a problem in the wedding because willie is been more and more and more time away. more and more time with his

first. he won't let daisy go hunting with him. he has put a barrier against her going to at least one racetrack, and so will he says i'm going away. i will be gone, see you later. what does juliette gordon low, her nickname was always daisy, what did juliette low do? she took up metal working. isn't that what every woman would do? she made these gates but she decided the house mutates so she learned how to work in metal. when i was inside there i saw this railing around the top edge i wonder, did juliette low make this? i think there's a good possibility she might have. i spent some time in the book how to figure how juliette low could learn how to work in metal and what that meant. she also took up wood carving. of course. i have a hunch as to where sharon had to carve wood. she did not make this but i

think the woman with whom she spent time carving probably made this. so juliette low is trying to be faithful to the early lessons she learned from her father and her mother about civic duty and responsibility and giving back, even though her husband forbade it. he said i would rather have a trophy wife and i don't want you to be trailing your skirts around the typhoid were. what does she do? juliette low decided that she would do her good deed in secret. so she befriended a leper in the village. no one else would speak with this leper. she donated time to the poor house and worked with the poor there. she spent time working with the nursing association. she did some other work that will he knew about serving with a local church and so forth. in 1898 she worked with her mother at the convalescent hospital helping veterans. they were quite veteran chip it

is a man usually too sick to go off and buy from various tropical diseases shows she worked with the very ill soldiers. willie you about this but by that time it didn't matter too much because i this time, enter the other woman. so, girl scouts is the first time you've ever seen a picture of her. anna bateman was on the country of a magazine in england cared toward elite english. what did juliette low do when her husband fell in love with another woman? well, she did exactly what he told her not to do, and that is she went off to work in a settlement home. now, you know the best on some house you know i'm guessing with the whole house in chicago which helped out the extremely poor. this is a later photograph, and it was in the slums of london, and juliette low worked with the

working girls club. i find this fascinating and it connects allow dots for me as a woman for storing to that juliette low, before she ever connected with the girls had expense working with poor girls in downtown london. well, here's mrs. bateman again, a little later picture. juliette gordon low did something extraordinary in her class and that is she filed for divorce. you should just get over it if you're husband is unfaithful but juliette low said no, my marriage means something to make him he has been unfaithful and i will file for divorce. then willie became ill and she said i better call off that divorce because i can't divorce a man who is dying. then he got better, and picked up with anna bateman again, and juliette low said to heck with that.

i'm going to institute divorce proceedings. but before the divorce was finalized, he died. so here she is in 1905. oh, no. this is for you girl scouts. that is juliette low on your right and that is anna bateman on the left and i've know, but i just wanted you to see it. first time anyone has ever seen the wife and a mistress side-by-side. i know, i'm not saying it though. all right, unidentified, juliette gordon low is widowed, she has learned that her husband left all his money to his mistress. she fought with her sisters in law to regain some of the money, which she did. she was never poor. but it was another heartbreaking battle for her to fight. so, now, what do you do when you're in your mid '40s and you are widowed? she could pursue art.

it was very difficult to break into art as a woman and, as it is now. she could travel. she loved to travel and she did some of that. juliette low being juliette low what places most limited and go. she went to india. she went to egypt. she backed herself a tiger. her husband said you can't go making hunting with me so once he was dead and she shot a tiger. she could have taken care of the elderly and the young in her family. this is her younger sister mabel and her two children. it's such a beautiful photograph i just wanted to show to you. but because the viewing was so bad, juliette low said i don't think i should take care of the ill for fear i will not hear them when they need me. so that is something i shouldn't be. she could get married again. this handsome gentleman asked her to marry him. she had many, many male friends, many, many female friends.

archie was a member of the british military, and she decided not to marry him although they remained friends for a very long time. so she could go back doing some social work, which she did. i don't know how much time she spent there, i don't think a lot but she kept her hand and with the working girls club. she could spend time with her friends, which she did. this man was a very dear friend of hers. they had flying income. juliette low love airplanes as well. this man is also a cousin to this man. this is robert baden-powell, and his wife and juliette low on your right. now, he was a war hero. he was famous all over england and beyond. he was known as a military scout and tracker, and he was famous

for mapmaking. is so famous that juliette low was determined she was not going to like him because she had other friends in the british military who she thought dessert much more praise and much more honor than they had gotten since he had gotten it all. so, she had lunch with him in 1910, sat across the table from him, and was determined not to be interested. this lasted until about the soup course. when she found herself smitten. both with him, they had a lot in common, and -- she was fascinated with the tracking and the scouting, the cartography, geography, the travel, the outer expanses of scouting. she was also very much in tune with his desire to race betterment, to grow betterment through this program. responsible men. but the most important thing juliette gordon low, about the boy scout program, was that it

brought fun to boys, the emphasis on fun is what she liked. so she said i will take some of the girls interested in scouting and i will make a girl guide troops. whenever boys gathered in uniform, at scouting gatherings, girls were there around the edges. this was shocking to people of the time. girls began to copy their brothers uniform, make their own uniform. girls in uniform at boys gathering, shocking. so he said okay, i think they're part of my programs that will be wonderful for girls. but i'm not going to open to the go to so he gave it to his sister and juliette was friends with agnes. juliette low had a home in scotland, she determined should

start with a very poor were the girls in scotland so she taught herself how to spend and how to weave. so she could teach her girls how to spin and we've. why? because these very poor rural girls did not have a rosy economic future. so she said i will teach you how to make handicrafts that i wouldn't take to london and sell so that you have more money and then you have a business established which also taught them how to raise chickens with better source of eggs that could be sold to the hunting lodges in the area of scotland. so juliette low in neatly solve a very concrete way to benefit girls two girl scouting. quite above and beyond on the other aspects of scouting that she loves. so, she took the girl guide idea from scotland to her homes in london where she found two other girl scout troops. one for urban poor girls, one for urban welfare girls. so before juliette low goes to sudan in 1912, she has got

experience in three girl guide troops. important to know she didn't just sort of spring out of nowhere incident and say i guess i'll start some girl scout troops. so this is what everyone knows. we all know this quote. she said i have something for the girls of savannah, and all-america come in all the world, and we're going to start it tonight. this is what she said to her cousin when she determined should bring girl scouting to the united states in 1912. >> now, this was our organization from the very beginning. it was a one woman show at the store. now, this -- there we go. want to make sure you're still awake. this is a letter of hers. what is this, girl scouts? this is -- she has imagined at first what it should look like for girl scouts first in her letter. our organization begins with her

funds, she uses her money. she handpicks the staff. she wrote the first manual. she designed the patches and pins, including this one which eventually turned into this. she patented it. juliette low was sensible enough to go and erect legal boundaries and she did it is because she filed for divorce so she was quite cognizant of attorneys and how they work. she loved the idea of camping. a very early shot of camping. getting girls out in the pressure was extremely important for them, but camping also taught girls self-sufficiency including girls who were stuck in dresses and goods and high heels all day so this got to and had to think about mosquitoes and how much water at how much good could they bring in and how did they pitch the tent that this is all very new to girls at the time. sport was important to her as well. this was an early basketball true. you can see their shocking bloomers. juliette low love the sport.

she played all manner of sports. this was in savannah. she erected a curtain across the board so the survey names would not be, their sensibility could not be shocked by seeing girls in bloomers. but curtains do occur in those do. they kept people out but they're also piqued peoples interest. both wanted, and look around a curtain to see what was going on. she got a bit number of girls from the curtain. juliette gordon low was always involved with the girls. here she is milking a cow. but she also set up a national board of directors. her family was involved. her mother was on first board of directors. she got her first large donation from her brother in law. she pressed one brother in to be an attorney for the the organization, another being an account for the organization. she created an oversold washington headquarters. she moved to washington, d.c. in 1913 when shed on a couple hundred of girls. such optimism. she decided she needed a

national headquarters with only a couple hundred girls. i love that. she oversaw all the publicity as well. she is also the one who made the first initiative to the united states first lady's. she copied the boy scouts. boy scouts have a national honorary president. juliette gordon low love that idea. she campaigned tirelessly for more growth, more troops to mortgage the more training, more games. this was, she was monomaniacal about organization. she oversaw every part of it. she cared about every detail. she was involved in every aspect. it began because of juliette low come a crew because of juliette low. friend by friend she was always involved. world war i is the making of girl scouting. world war i begins in 1914 in europe and she is a trans-atlantic figure. she has a foot in both countries such absurd of the girl scouts, they were called girl guide to

knitting, how they participated in the war efforts. and juliette low's vision was to see that american girls wanted to be taken sosa, wanted to participate in this important national crisis. so she let them march in, in preparedness parade. in the beginning of the war years there were 4000 girl scouts. by the end of the first world war there were 41,000 girl scouts. so girl scouting grew tremendously because she understood that girls wanted to be taken seriously, to be useful to this, and to be involved. girl scouts and the united states and sold nearly $10 million worth of liberty bonds. that's what they are doing here. they collected scrap metal to contribute to the war effort. new troops sprang into being. they rolled bandages, they learned emergency first aid,

wartime healthy. the domestic focus continue. juliette low from the very beginning said, girl scouting needs a place of equal emphasis on domestic training for girls who will be wives and mothers, and career training for girls need to have another path. she herself understood from her own experience that you may plan and prepare to be a wife and a mother, doesn't always work out. so domestic skills were important, and girls during world war i learned how to feed the fans come how to care for the homes, how to take care of the young and the elderly. as they did they freed up their mothers for war workers also learned sadly, cartography, morse code. they planted victory gardens and then they learned how to can't preserve fruit and vegetables to free food up for the soldiers. they needed for soldiers but they made scrapbooks for them and later they worked with veterans. and so girl scouting was tremendously popular during world war i, both with girls but

with a larger public because americans saw girls contribute, and every time in girl scouts did something important and good, they did it in uniform, very, very visible role. now, the war ends. 1920, juliette low makes one of the hardest decision she ever have to make. and that is she steps down from her own organization. i submit to you it is a really wise leader who knows when it's time to step away. so she handed over the reins to her godfather, this is mary's daughter. and what she did was to spend the time working on international girl guiding in girl scouting. juliette low understood how horrible world war i had been. 50 million people dead because of this war. friendships shattered, families broken, and she said one way to make sure we never have a war

this devastating again is to help girls in all countries know about each other. so international friendship through girl guiding and girl scouts would be a way to make sure war never happened again. because if you're in venezuela and you know all about the girl and the dash the about the life of a girl and can be, how can we go to war? that's what she thought. 1920s america extra and isolationist era. americans who are ready to walk away from europe and that horrible war. not juliette low. she said we have to reengage with your. we must be involved but it's the only way to avoid war. well, in 1923, we developed breast cancer. i discovered some interesting cures that juliette low had during her life. juliette low never met anything in the she didn't like. she loved new technology, a new thing she loved, including the new treatment called the rating

care, which she had. and essential it was a budget in a room the size of a shower and a bethune and radium. so i'm not saying that the radium cost of breast cancer been sanctioned several rating cures in her life. in 1927, she died. she had she had not slowed down from the breast cancer at all. she continued to travel to the and, spreading the importance of friendship, education, prepared to come self-sufficiency and fun, above all, fun for the girls. it was in savannah, georgia, that she died. the last thing she did was to write a letter to her friend, mary. she was one of the really lucky people her brother said, because she died having realized her dream. juliette low saw her organization, the girl scouts of the united states of america, come to fruition, spread across the nation, spread around the world. she saw material changes in the lives of girls and women as result of this program that she

began. kind of honor him. and like every good ceo, she left her organization into top shape when she died. they had a recognizable brand. they had a large number of trained leaders, a splendid training course for these leaders. there was a loyal board of directors. it was financially sound. so she was a very content woman at the end of her death. she knew she was going to die. at the end of her life. she knew she was going to die. and her life work was in front of her. she had been celebrate by her home state of georgia. she had been celebrated by girl scouts all around the world for her a conscience. now, what is your legacy? you are. all you who are wearing green or brown for brownies, reckless all of you are her legacy. 50 million american women and girls have been girl scouts into 100 years since girl scouting

began. her legacy is every single one of you. her legacy as also like laura bush, hillary rodham clint, mary tyler moore, mariah carey, we could go on for days this way. shirley kendall, lucille ball, debbie reynolds, my grandmother, my mother, me. we are all her legacy, all of us. so here we are looking back, 100 years, which is quite fitting, not a lot of organizations make it to 100 just. very few businesses make it 100 just. 100 years is truly worthy of celebration. we are looking back at this remarkable woman whose life, his choices, his sorrows, whose stories were into the making of this organization that mean so much to so many people. what i find amazing is i know if we could bring juliette low out right now she would say, the past? let's look at the future. let's look at the future of girls going and where this organization is going, and what more we can do to help the

world. thank you very much for your time. [applause] >> thank you. okay. so, the best part of every program is the questions. so let's see your questions. there we go. >> first, i want -- first i want to thank you for doing this. i was very impressed when you showed the picture. it really struck on the girl scouts know who she is, and other people don't. and thank you very much. and where did you get all the pictures? they are wonderful. >> oh, well, the pictures of juliette low are scattered. the library of congress has many. but it's girl scouts of u.s.a.

have most of them. so some are in a national historic preservation center, that is the girl scouts archives in your city. and the wonderful extra their women at the juliette gordon low birthplace in savannah has been more generous than anti--- and i had a right to expect. there's some of the georgia historical society and the couple were from friends of mine. and then some voters were taken from a friend by mac i want to thank you also. it's a touching for me to hear you speak, and i'm a second generation girls go to my daughter and my knees are third generation girl scouts but my mother was minded i am i am their leader. it's wonderful. my question is, this week we celebrated national women's -- >> international women's day. >> international women's day. and i wonder how we can spread that around? we have days are different

things to read have an entire month devoted to african-american culture. we have one day for women and most people didn't know that day with you. can you make any suggestions for us to make that day more noticeable to people? >> march is women's history month, so we have the whole month. women's history month began in 1981. the objective was to write women back into his you. so we've done is to we have basically done this. your girls are learning a whole lot more about women than the grandmothers ever did, that's for sure. so we do know about people like jane addams and dolores, but what we don't know is juliette gordon low. because my starting point is, she really did create the most important or decision for girls and women in the history of this country. she's not in history books. she's not in social studies textbooks.

she's not anywhere. what can we do about that? i wrote about. [laughter] so you can read the book, you can educate your girls. about juliette low. there are two splendid books out this you also for younger girls. so educating girls, telling the story to other people is part of the. so you girls when your projects to do for school, do it on juliette gordon low. teacher classmates who don't come to girl scouts meeting about juliette gordon low. and the rest of us, then it's just a matter of spreading the word. here's a shameless plug. one of the things you can do is go to amazon and these three books, you can write about them. write why it is important to people tend to buy books. i don't know how to educate since we don't have a feature-length film on juliette gordon low, although that would be a great idea. but you can spread the word in

any way we can. and hope will happen is the next in history books are published, her name will be there. >> see this brownie right here? she had a question. do you remember your question? oh, no. put her on the spot of the questions? >> you must have done a terrific job spent is the television camera staring you? >> thank you for coming and speaking with us today. really appreciate the history and sharing your knowledge. my question is you talked a lot about the men that may have influenced julia. are there any women that were really significant to her and really significant to kind of inspiring her and inspiring permission? >> well, here's one connected question to the answer -- is an

answer that connects to the question about women's history month and juliette low in this textbook. juliette low was part of a larger progressive era reform movement. progressivism 1900 to the beginning of world war i. try to cure the problems caused by the last century's industrialization, urbanization and immigration. so juliette low was part of this. is a big child welfare movement, for example, a playground moon, a fresh among, a settlement house movement. many reformers were involved in trying to make the world better. juliette low was of this -- should in this movement i was supposed but not of it. is that the way i want to say it? she was not familiar with these women or their work as far as i could tell. she knew jane addams but she knew jane addams because of a family friend. so i think is one of the reasons she is not in a textbook. her life doesn't intersect these women in a way others. they tended to know one another.

so do -- who was her biggest influence? her mother. her mother was a big influence, and a staunch supporter. i think they generally a warm relationship that most of their lives although it was, it could be tense. agenda good role model and her mother as the. her mother was the founder of the red cross chapter in george. she was an author. she had done many things. so that was probably her biggest influence. and then she was friends, friendly with olave baden-powell and with agnes baden-powell. so she knew those wounded and then, of course, in girl scouting is where she found her biggest circle of friends. she had dear dear friends and girl scouting from among the chief lieutenant. nobody wants to ask about the deafness? >> how did her deafness work

with her not being able to hear certain things that she didn't want to hear, and continuing on her, her vision? >> right. this is a store that girl scouts know well. juliette low was unstoppable, completely optimistic, but also she could just not take no for an answer. and the way she did it, and with many women say this is that juliette low would stop you and say, oh, so good to see. you're just ahead in my to take over this true. and she would tell you all about the trip and said don't worry, but i'm certain that you're the perfect person for the job. and the woman would look at her and say, i'm sorry, i can't do that. i have all these other obligations. and then she return her death appeared to you and say, oh, splenda, it is also. i told them you'll be there tuesday. don't forget to get the girls key. she did this over and over again.

what i discover though was since she was not completely deaf was i don't really know how does she was when she turned a deaf ear to you. but it was certainly a very good way to spread the girl scouting. certainly a good way to get volunteers. there are letters in savannah from women who said i just hoped i wasn't going to walk out of church with juliette low because i just knew -- [laughter] [inaudible] >> that's right. now she remembered her question. >> how did girl scouts get started all around the world? >> how to girl scouts get spread all around the world. that's a great question. girl scouts got spread all around the world through many ways. one was women who were girl scouts themselves or troop leaders who then traveled, who went to other countries, sometimes with military, sometimes with peace

organizations, sometimes with health organizations. it got spread just through letters. if you like being in brownies then you might write a letter to your friend in england, or in china. wheldon, it might spread that way. so it was also a conscious effort on the part of the leaders to spread girl scout and girl guiding because juliette low ready believe, as did the leadership in england, the girl guiding in girl scouting could make every girl's life better. every girl. every ethnicity, every religion, every class, every background. life could be improved by girl scouting. so in that way it was an intentional and they tried very hard to make it happen. great question. >> did she get involved at all in suffrage for women? because the age, you know, the year -- >> right. [inaudible] >> right, was juliette gordon

low involved in suffrage and the answer is no, she was not. in her papers is pretty clear that she was yourself in favor of women's suffrage, but one of the most critical parts of girl scouting was that it should be run locally. juliette gordon low was the daughter of a southern democrat. so she did not want to impose him if of a partyline on girl scouting. warfare that women in mississippi might not be in favor of suffrage but women in new york might be. so she didn't want to alienate any of the constituency because you want to keep the focus on girl so she did want a political agenda from the top. she was also come by 1921 women were given the vote, should just have down from the leadership of the organization, and so it was not, it wasn't something she wanted to focus on. she was too busy trying to grow girl scouting. there are wonderful photographs

of girls mining babies in -- while their mothers were offputting to so it was not her issue. >> how many girl scouts were in the girl scout troop. >> that is a great question, too. the answer is, we don't really know. the first girl scout troop was probably started in the savannah orphanage, among orphans. not among the elite girls that most girl scouts have learned the and the reason we don't notice because juliette gordon low, you know, she was really a remarkable woman. she truly was. she had many, many strengths. i would say that bookkeeping, not her forte. and so the register of girl scouts in savannah, there's really no logic in it whatsoever. so it's very difficult to track which girls, which leaders, which order, when troops came

into being. so we don't really know how many pills but we don't really know where the first trip was to there are a lot of things we don't really know. how is that for a nonanswer? pretty good. in the far back. >> where the first troops interracial? with a segregated? and when did they become interracial or, in the common cultural mix and religious mix and stuff like that? >> the first girl scout troops in savannah, georgia, in the spring of 1912, as far as we can tell were definitely mixed in terms of religious background. now see, maybe a better way to think about it is that trained as a just and was interested in girl scouting benefiting all girls. so she could have, as the founder, she could have said we

are going to girl scouting only for this type of girls, not this type of girl. but she never did it. so the earliest troops had catholics, they were jewish girls, they were protestant go to the earliest troops were composed of factory girls. they were illegals. they were kind of middle-class goes to little girls of all ethnic backgrounds. some of these girls were introduced that we might call today next pick their sort of thrown together. but juliette gordon low also said if you want to have a troop that is all catholic girls, you can do that. if you want have a troop that is all jewish girls are all factory girls, you can do that. she was not nearly as concerned about the exact configuration of the trip as she was concerned that girl scouting reach all girls. now, i know from oral interviews that the first, the very earliest girl scout troops included african-american girls.

segregated. it was 1912 in the deep south so we're not looking at integrated troops been. and the question about official troops of african-american girls doesn't come up until many years later. and at that point in time, again, juliette gordon low could have said we are going to have no official applicant american troops. she did not say that. she said we will not have an official policy on it. so we will let the women in new jersey decide what they want to do, but the women in ohio decide what they want to do, let the women in georgia decide what they want to do. so i give her full marks for not separating out girls of any sort. and her mother told her to do so. her mother said, juliette cannot have african-american girl scouts, you can't do. you will kill your movement before it begins. and she said mother, absolutely not, not doing it that way. everybody can coming. do you want --

[inaudible] >> i think we should be very grateful for you to compare, and, therefore, here had a wonderful opportunity. so thank you. >> thank you very much of. [inaudible] >> for more information visit the author's website, stacycordery.com. your >> chris kyle, in your book you write that you are not the best shot at all in your class. or before you went into the seals. great >> no, sir. i never claimed to be the greatest sniper.s, you i was coming in, through sniper school i was middle of the packt when we graduated i almost failed out of snipers go. it's just everyone tends to numr think when you get his number of kills the all of a sudden you'rt this great sniper iper. the measure of the true greatness of a sniper is to roll everything all in one. i mean, it's the stalking, the

observation, everything. and that's why in my mind carlos halfcock who, you know, i think it's 93 confirmed kills, i think he is the greatest sniper ever in history. and not just america, all over the world. he's the guy that would go in by himself, you know, sneak in, take his shot with a lot less, you know, capable weapons than we have today and optics, but he would take that shot and then sneak back out undetected. and i think that's the true measure of a sniper is being able to get in, identify your target, take the shot and get out. >> host: jim erickson sends in an e-mail to you, mr. kyle, how many unconfirmed kills do you estimate you have, or were all of yours confirmed? did you ever train with the m25 white feather rifle? >> guest: no, i never used that rifle, and as far as the unconfirmed kills, you never count those. it's -- there's no point in

trying to keep track of what could have been or might have been. you're just wasting your time. and your whole thing is you're out there to try to take, you know, these bad guys off the streets and make it safer for your guys and allow some more of your guys to be able to make it home. i mean, the ideal thing if i knew the number of lives i'd saved. because that's something i'd love to be known for. but you can't calculate that. >> host: what was your reaction at the time to a kill? >> guest: i mean, when you're looking at these people, you're not thinking of them more or less as people. they're a target because, you know, most of the time they're there actively engaging, trying to kill your guys. so you're trying to see yourself as a guardian angel to protect the guys on the ground who are in danger, and you just have to dehumanize it and remove yourself from it, otherwise you don't want to think about, you know, do they have a family, what's their job, and wh