several times, and so at this point i'd like to show you the first be edition of copernicus' work. nicklaus copernicus on the revolutions of the celestial orbs, rinted in nuremberg in 1543. this is the famous page that shows the depiction of a sun-centered universe. the sun moved out of the heavens and put right in the center, the earth is now revolving around the sun once a year, rotating on its axis once a day, and the moon is now a satellite going around the earth. ..

place the work of copernicus on the list of prohibited books until it could be corrected. this copy has been corrected. this is in 1616. so starting in 1616 this book was suspended, but ten corrections work recede four years later in 1620. this is one of them. a very typical one. copernicus' says in this chapter heading that it is a demonstration of the triple motion. you can see written by hand up above is a correction, and that is one of the corrections mended by the inquisition. that has been changed to say

demonstrations of the blanket triple motion of the earth. the blank, you can almost guess what it is without me telling you. it is hypothesis. so now this heading says the hypothesis of the triple motion of the earth. that is interpreted hypothetically. then there are no problems. so in 1620 with these ten corrections released, even galileo could begin to discuss and reid and argue about copernicus' again, as long as he did so i pathetically. invitations in the book are quite valuable to us we don't see the clean copies. to study a book historical eat it is quite valuable to have the evidence of early readers. so we know that some readers in 1620, perhaps the owner of this

book at that time was likely a catholic who wrote in the corrections mandated by the position. but this copy of copernicus' is remarkable for many reasons. there are annotations throughout in different and. these invitations, we now know thanks to the work, a census of every copy, these invitations come from within a decade of the publication of this book in 1543, long before bill hale. and there are from tech astronomers working in paris. they mastered the book. they make some corrections to it that accurate. it clearly regarded the point of departure for future research. so this is like looking over the

shoulder of the initial catholic reception of copernicus and france. and so this copy is causing scholars to write the story of the reception of copernicus. the corrections to copernicus amended by the inquisition came at an 1620. in 1623 an event happened of momentous importance that give galileo and his friends knew confidence. one of the cardinal sin had defended galileo in that first run in with the inquisition, became elected pope. and so the exception signaled a new era for galileo and the discussion of copernicus.

they expected that it would flourish. unfortunately for a variety of complicated reasons that was not the case. khalil met with the new pope and received his personal permission to write a book about copernicus' so long as he wrote it hypothetically. this is the book that resulted. it is the dialogue on the to achieve systems of the world. copernicus is here holding the model of the universe. and on the rocky can barely see it, but read center mall of the universe, and it's held by figures that are labeled ptolemy and aristotle. it's written that as a scientific disquisition but written not in latin but in italian dedicated to the grand

duke with permissions to publish from the vatican and from sensors in rome and florence. he says this is a dialogue. it's all hypothetical. the pope had requested, but it is written between three characters, a simple-minded man who doesn't even understand his own arguments. he defends aristotle. so galileo in this book argues for copernicus in no uncertain terms. it's anything but hypothetical. so when this book was published, the pope was angry that galileo had broken his promise. calais as enemies joined together and the result was this trial.

this is the bookie was put on trial for. this also is a copy that contains his own handwriting. here we have a new sentence to go before this speech. there are many other marginal nutations as well. this is like be able to look over his shoulder in above leading up to his trial. i would also like to just make the point that we don't just collect first editions. if we're going to study the history of galileo's ideas we need the translation of galileo and the later additions to understand how his ideas were received in appropriated and used in different cultural context. so i brought up one translation, the earliest english translation which was printed in 1661 in

london. it was produced by john salzburg , and it includes the system of the world in for dialogues. this is the book he was put on trial for, and it includes other short works by galileo and a few things by others as well. for example, it includes his letter to the grand duchess christina printed in english from the very first publication of galileo's works in english. however, the book itself is quite rare because most copies perished in the great fire of london. from the edge of the book this copy also was charged. it has been rescued from the fire. we don't know if it was the great fire of london, but in all

likelihood that is the case. if we only knew the story of the people who have preserved the copies of the books and the collection. >> local obama author and historian bob burt tells us about the book writing process now from oklahoma city. >> when i wake up in the morning because i know farm boy i'm ready to go. the once the layer on the bed and do nothing. i can get out of my house in 19 minutes. freshly shaven and showered. i want to come to the office. usually in the shower in the morning knowing that i want to spend about three hours writing. i develop, perhaps, the title to the next chapter. that's something i do in the shower, rather than sending i come up with the title to the next chapter. i tried to write one chapter of some book every morning five days a week, except for vacation

times because my goal is always to preserve oklahoma history through mostly biographies, three-fourths of my books are biographies. the others are institutional books like a history of the state capital, a history of the governor's mansion. a book a just completed, 75th anniversary of the oklahoma highway patrol or the centennial of the journalism school at the university of oklahoma. sometimes i will do institutional books like that, but if i can put out fiver 60 years i have to be very disciplined. once the research is done in the afternoon or perhaps in the evening i devote myself each morning to writing. no one is in my office. my personal have not shown up. no clients. if someone knocks on the door i ignore them because that is my time when i sit with my research and type away. i have my research behind me

here. there are some shells on the current book and writing gun, which is the centennial history of the journalism school. although research is involves a decade. i'm riding on the 1920's. here is the fullerton, research on what happened. when i complete that, very orderly fashion a put that in that box on the floor because for every box there is in the office, that means their is a book project. so it doesn't overwhelm you with a lot of information. if it's about someone lies i have often been asked to how would you put all the information about a former governor or united states senator's life, doesn't that overwhelm you? it doesn't. if you divide all the research into decades of one's life and then he just work on one folder and the time.

my desk is not very messy. one folder and anti. when that folder is completed it goes into the box perhaps my most famous book nationally is wiley post. wiley post was a young man from southern oklahoma who had a six. education, lost his eye in an industrial accident is still became the world's greatest pilot. in 1933 he was the first to solo around the world. in 1934 he discovered that jetstream over oklahoma while attempting to fly to 50,000 feet for the first time. and to fly that high in an airplane that was not pressurized he invented the pressurized flying suit. in this book of former oklahoma astronaut writes that the same basic design that this self educated sixth grade dropout used in developing the suit, the

space suit in 1934 is the forerunner of the modern space suit. same design, basically the same premise. my only guiding force is that every five books i want to write about someone that no one's heard of. for example, of few years back had decided that i wanted to write about a lady named k bernard. well, the only thing we have lived for her in oklahoma is a little halfway house. it turns out she was our first commissioner of charities and corrections. not only that, little five ft 90-pound dynamo woman who was the only woman to speak to our constitutional convention and was the first will collected to a statewide office in america. it's an incredible story she never married and did not have any children. unheard of. did not have a tombstone for 50

years. i wrote a biography. kind of major famous. she even ended up with a wonderful bronze statue of her sitting on a bench. so every fifth book of read about someone that no one has heard of. >> sell many books total have you written in on average selling does it take? >> 106 have been published. some have been written in past years and the discipline in production. sometimes it takes me as long s6 months. the publisher of our newspaper said what you read a book about the oklahomans and baseball because we have many major league stars. i thought i bet there are 200 guys who played major league baseball. it turns out that one of every ten minutes who ever played

major league baseball in america came through oklahoma, born here, died here. a long summers. mickey mantle and all played baseball. but that was so much research because i ended up at the baseball hall of fame and other places to research. it took six months. then i wrote a book that was nominated for a pulitzer prize. a young african-american man who grew up here in oklahoma city. very poor. a lost his father in an accident when he was three years old. music teacher takes him under her wing and gives him a scholarship to tuskegee. he goes off to new york and falls in with some writers. of course writes invisible men and, perhaps one of the great novels in americana. well, i was asked to introduce him when we inducted him posthumously into the oklahoma of fame. i thought, i'll go to the

library. and the to read a biography. there was none. this is 15 years ago. there had never been a biography of one of our greatest american writers. so i teamed up with the lady who literally was the manager of the library in the oklahoma city system and had known mr. ellison. we in about six weeks -- there was nobody to interview. he was gone. his wife had dementia and really couldn't help us. none of the people he gone to school with were still alive. so i basically wrote his biography from his writings. he had written hundreds of short stories and magazine articles and a number of books that were published after his death that simply told the story of him growing up in oklahoma city and going off to ski and wanted to be a trumpet player but ending up as the world's greatest

writer. so i guess it goes six months. have never taken more than six months. another project, i was asked by the fbi to write the story of the investigation of the oklahoma city bombing in 1995. i took that as a very solemn duty. my two co-authors with the two fbi agents to literally coordinated that investigation in oklahoma and kansas within 30 minutes of the crime. so they knew it all. the fbi provided me of 30,000 documents, 30,000 documents and evidence that have been used in the federal trial that convicted and ultimately ended in the execution of timothy mcveigh. i tell them if i conclude that there is somebody else involved,

well, i concluded that it was only mcveigh and nichols. that perhaps took six months also. that's all i did for six months. i didn't practice law because that was a huge, huge amounts of interviewing people, some of the victim's interviewing. the book was not about the victims but interviewing other fbi agents participated in the investigation, even interviewing some of the lawyers who represented some of the defendants. this is my basic, what i call might 18 library. if i am writing a book in this room there is hardly any oklahoma history questions that i can't find the answer to in here. for example, we had a very famous governor back in the 1930's. he was quite a character. well, bill murray broke a four volume set of oklahoma history,

or as he calls it memoirs of governor murray and the true history of oklahoma. if i'm riding -- for example, last year wrote a history of our constitutional convention the territory we had a constitutional convention. bill murray was the chairman of that constitutional convention. often in writing that book would have to come to his history to see what his words were. there are so many books justin this probably 200 books that i referred to several times per week. no, at my home i have another 1,800 books about oklahoma or written by oklahomans. for reasonable, tony hillerman was in oklahoma and born in sacred heart oklahoma and rhode so many mysteries, i might have in my collection all of his books. but in ridings you can't have

just original ideas. harry truman said there is nothing new in the world except for history that you haven't read. so i would never pretends to know why bill murray did something in the constitution, even if i'm reading the journal of what happened on a particular day in the constitutional convention. i can't really interpret that without looking to other sources. i'm going to look at his own book for him telling about that some of his life. the not going to look at other books that other historians have written 60 years ago a professor wrote a wonderful to volume history of oklahoma to that time so i'm going to go back and see what dr. litten said about that particular -- and made from my own conclusions, but i want to do so after i've read several

secondary sources. oklahoma an incredible story. i believe it's not about places and events but a people. it's really not about the land, even though those are unique. the way oklahoma was settled is really unique. our story is really not about that event. it's about the people who at the sound of a rifle or can and start off on a horse or float or bicycle or even jumping from slow-moving drains with a hammer and a stake in their hand and simply planted a stake in the ground and found themselves a new home. the trail of tears is very unique in world history. oklahoma indian territory, the eastern part of the state in the 1830's when the five civilized tribes or removed. that is unique, but our story

was not about that event. it is about those people, some of whom were driven here like animals who literally made a new home of a forest of indian territory. so it's never a finished product until it's printed. >> up next george henderson details the challenges he faces one of the earliest african american academics at oklahoma university. his book is race and the university. >> first thought, well, i finally made it. here i am in a nice quiet suburban university. no problems. life is going to be idyllic. wrong. i found out this was once a sun downtown. not allowed to be here after dark. we could come and work, but african-americans had to get out of town before the sun went

down. i also found out that we were the first african-americans to own a home. there were some people that did not want this year. and then there was the issue of students. some of them had never been exposed to an african american professor. there were not sure that there were going to get a quality education for me. >> what year was this? >> 1967. i was living in detroit. but family was in detroit. i was offered a job at several places. i came here not to accept a job but to do two things. i want to see the football stadium and indians. those two things. and i would get serious about my employment elsewhere. i came, talks to students and faculty. one student in particular, one graduate student. you know, we know you're going

to get better offers elsewhere, but we need you here. we need you to talk to us about cultural diversity and life outside. i said, well, -- then he said something else. to you want to be as small fish and a big pond or a big fish in a small pond. my ego was as big enough. where's my pond. that was the beginning. i didn't tell my wife that i was born to accept the job. she knew i was coming. he's serious about the other universities. i got back and told her that i had given a verbal agreement that i would teach there. she asked me one question, how much dissipate. let me put that in perspective. we have seven children. i took a $5,000 pay cut to come here. and sure my wife was thinking now is the time to commit him to the asylum.

he lost. to every job that i've had come every opportunity that i've had has allowed me to provide extra income for. my children, all seven of them, never really wanted for very much. that was my blessing, our blessing really. i always tell people that god sent me here and got to care of me. it did not take this to this long to realize that i was not only confident but extremely confident. self-esteem, high self-esteem. otherwise why shouldn't be doing this. but mother always told me. i took that to heart. twice as good as most of my colleagues. it's kind of like athletes. and the teacher, i'm an outstanding teacher. my students found that of terry sent. in fact, i was nominated for an

outstanding teacher award by students five consecutive years. so that was not an issue. my colleagues, it didn't matter. there was a small group of faculty members here do indeed were committed to racial segregation. some of them wanted integration, they really wanted to be entered a part of the university. they supported me. others were assured that i was a carpetbagger from detroit and it just come down to make trouble. i didn't have that because one of the first public meetings i attended, i ask a question of a panel. the man says where you from. as the detroit. wire you here? i'm here to teach. wire you really here? and from detroit. black people had a national meeting in detroit. i get oklahoma.

the word spread. so here it was. the people were not sure. is he a real or what? well, i was dead serious. i believe that i had got an oklahoma. my opportunity to show not only do we need to be the verse but committed. within the first six months of this year my power base, if that's what you want to college, became students. african-americans, white students, american indian students. i had the largest following a students because they said it's time. it's time that the white institution open up and become multiracial multi-cultural institution. i was privileged and honored by the students to be a voice for them at a time when there were trying to find their own voices. i taught from 1967 to a 2006

full time. when i retired because i still teach fallen spring, an undergraduate course so i am doing what i always do for considerably less money. it was never about the money. it was about the students and the opportunity to a use another perspective, cue, and commitment to that place, one nation individual with liberty and justice for all. we wanted it here and no and we were able to protest and do whatever we had to do to make it happen here. slowly but surely it started happening. >> this weekend book tv takes a look at the literary culture of obama's city. now joe foote, the dean of the gaylord college of journalism and mass communication an oklahoma university gives his

thoughts on the current state of journalism. >> well, we are in the dean's office. the beautiful new building on campus and the university of oklahoma that houses the gaylord college of journalism and mass key indication, the building that opened in 2004 and then was expanded in 2009. we are very fortunate to have one of the most modern beautiful facilities in the united states. the journalism at the university of apollo will celebrate its centennial in 2013, so it's one of the oldest programs in the country. the dealer college of journalism and mass communication is quite young, only 12 years old. it was in doubt by the dillard family, the family that owned the largest newspaper for more than 100 years in oklahoma until

2011 when they sold the property but a pioneer when the state was settled. one of the early businessmen and boosters of oklahoma. his family had ran the newspaper , which was not only in oklahoma city newspaper, but a major force for the state of oklahoma for many, many years. oklahoma was unique in that it was the only state in the united states where both metropolitan newspapers, the oklahomans and the tulsa world were locally owned. and that has made quite an imprint on this state in the way journalism develops. we really pride ourselves in offering a plethora of media opportunities. we had 26 different media operations and organizations and our college. we had a student run public

relations and advertising agency , one of the few in the end is states with an expansive role like ours. we had a 24 hour cable television station. we had a variety of programming on the station. a 30 minute daily newscast of sports programs. several music programs, a drama program. we have a student operated a radio station. we have zero web for journalism students. we are a key part of investigative reporting consortium in this state, a nonprofit entity that is headquartered in our college. there is just no end to the opportunities. we have a philosophy of ethics. so it is our goal to of sprinkle part of that teaching the route

will we do. generally in journalism education around the u.s. it's pretty easy because the ethical foundations of journalism are so strong. i know that may come as a shark to many viewers to see that certain areas of the mass media have lost their way, but there really is a strong underpinning of ethical practice that has been with this field for many years. it is much stronger in our area that it is in the general business community, for example, or many other fields. we certainly see the need for it today because the media environment is so multifaceted and so on disciplined in the way it is grown compared to of very finite regimented controlled

type of media that we have for during most of the 20th-century. so students are going to go out in a variety of environments, many times on the road and aren't going said the organization is necessarily that will overlay of a strong set of ethical principles. so it is challenging today because -- because if students don't get it here and not sure what reinforcement they're going to get in the real world. well, we are trying to emphasize business more because clearly the crisis that journalism has been in the past few years comes from its weakness on the business side, not its weakness on the journalism side. the business model has been undermined in journalism, especially prince where

classified advertising has collapsed because of craigslist, where people are expecting to get things on the internet free and not pay for it. some newspapers are having to reinvent themselves through subscription revenue rather than advertising, and advertising is going down. and that means everyone in the newspaper has to be more conscious of the business side of the house and how revenue comes then and our marketing plans apart and that his paper. similarly for broadcasting as well. so there is a lot more to think about than they used to be. and there are a lot more challenges. when you're talking about ethics, clearly you put business in the middle of it, that is a red flag right there. if you have some standards, editorial standards and can't

just let making a profit run roughshod over the standards. there is obviously going to be a shakeout. we spend the 20th-century building up an infrastructure that served the masses. everyone took the daily newspaper. it was just pervasive. those days are gone. a much smaller audience, more specialized. publications are going to have good, strong local content that people are willing to pay for. if its commodity news that you can get anywhere why should people pay for your product? and that is where some searching is being done in every newspaper in america now asking themselves what we have that is equality and that the people want. the most important dimension today, what they're willing to pay for, not what they're willing to read if you give it

to them free. what other willing to up put down a subscription and actually pay for that content. they are learning fast and they're getting stronger by the day once they to get the hang afford it is the constant is worth. obviously with in the journalism there is a certain organizational bias that is built into a new is gathered and analyzed and reported, but i think it's minimal. i think the standards of journalism are still strong today. we have many good journalism organizations that are doing a good job of portraying what is happening. news has become a lot softer. something and not always glad to see, but there are also many strong substance of sources out there. we are becoming more of an east

marketplace. it's not one-size-fits-all. you have in the magazine industry for example, us and people going like gangbusters. you have the economist, one of the fastest-growing magazines in the u.s. so it depends on what your interest is. that is where journalism is growing. and the new york times went behind the pit wall last year. they are flourishing in the situation. there's a group of people who would pay for good journalism. several strong local papers that are being successful. they're findings may be a smaller audience, but it is a high-quality audience. there are people who care about what's going on, objective journalism done by professionals , and they're is a market for that. journalism, working its way through this transition both in

terms of its business model and finding its audience. we are not in a major media market here. new york and chicago and los angeles. we are out in the prairie in oklahoma, and we are a great university led by an incredible president's. he has done a phenomenal things. we could not be more pleased with the way things of god. but you don't have that stimulation that you would have if you're sitting in the middle of manhattan or in the middle of l.a. and so you have to create stimulation. you always have to be vigilant and on your toes. i am always an advocate for change and for our trying to be on top of what is happening and always trying to push to be better. what do we not know that we should be -- we should know?

what should we -- what are we complacent about that we shouldn't be complacent about? and so i've artificially create that environment with a little more edge on it because it doesn't quite come as naturally as it does when you're right in the heart beat of the media kingdom. and steve yesterday have to be much more entrepreneurial. this is not a business where you graduate and you go into the company and work for 34 years as an employee. you are much more likely to either be a free lancer or an independent contractor, an individual creator of contents that you market to someone else. students understand that and there really embrace it. they see that they have to be

much more multifaceted than they used to be. they have to make their own way. what we're trying to do is be as technologically friendly as we can by providing our students with incredible opportunity to express their creativity. apple computer is honoring us to a couple of weeks, one of their aid programs of distinction in the united states, the only journalism program to be offered we're very proud of that, but what that says is that we just created a backbone where students can do their work, the technology is in the background, more seamless. it's not that prominent. that's one of our goals right know, just to keep things up so that they can have a great shot.

students today are so created. date and to such a wonderful attitude about the future. they have -- they care about other people. strong public service. orientation. in many cases you just have to turn them loose and give them opportunity to do what they do. >> author of winning the west with words describes how the use of narrative language shapes historical memory of the western union. oklahoma city was first settled on april 203rd 1889 as part of the land run, about 10,000 homesteaders' move to the area. >> the promise of the book is essentially that historians have long looked at indian removal, the physical removal of the native peoples from the american southeast of the great lake. what i was interested in looking at beyond physical removal, how

those individuals. particularly in the case of this book the lower great lakes, present-day ohio, indiana, and illinois. what i found was that through pageants, parades, books, paintings, essentially great lakes, white settlers in the great lakes erased native people from the landscape long before they attempted physical removal. when that physical removal was complete they did so through literary works. leading up to the 1830 indian removal act there was pressure by the american government from native communities to remove from places east of the mississippi river to west of the mississippi river. and after the indian removal act that pressure increased and many of those native communities were fractured or divided by pressure being placed on them by the

american government and that they physically moved west. the work has been done on what a complicated story of what happened in the aftermath of that. for many communities elements of those communities, parts of those committees or entire communities stayed in those areas rather than being removed, and that's essentially the story of was trying to get at. what stories did white settlers or white occupants of those lands tell themselves about that a complete removal and the people that have been living amongst them were among them for the following decades and centuries. but in the years and decades leading up to indian removal the type of rhetoric that white settlers invoked to justify removal, indians could not assimilate to live next to whites or that their work to start difference communities, one white and one indian that would never be able to live a 11 another. when the story became embedded in the history of the story they told themselves, when indian

removal was not complete instead of changing that story they simply adopted it into for ways. that is by convincing themselves that indians had been removed even as they lived among them. one of the things i'm interested in cars celebrations and commemoration. in the case of the lower great lakes particularly centennial celebrations. from the early 20th-century states like ohio indiana and illinois celebrated their states centennial. the centennial is a way to reflect and remember can look back. but for the white communities ohio and illinois it was much more about forgiving. in indiana the state hosted an enormous outdoor pageant in riverside park in indianapolis. almost two dozen actors participated outlaying the entire history of the state

of prep pre contact through 1916. tens of thousands of people gathered in this park to watch the pageant or performance where they reenacted that history. and they're is a moment where white settlers -- and it was really white individuals playing , fighting against white actors playing the shawnee prophet and native american warriors. they're re-enacted the battle of tippecanoe in 1811 and immediately following that indians literally exit stage left and never returned in the pageant. it marked that clear concise breaking point between an indigenous and one that was white state development and state driven. despite the fact that indians were hoosiers knew that communities like the indiana

still lived among them, attending the pageant himself and for hosting their own in northern indiana the challenge that very narrative. i think most of it is to justify or further emphasize the development progress. there is this narrative of progress moving away from a colonial in did this past to one of modernism and development that hoosiers are still taking part in today and still telling themselves. i think the erasure of native people from the landscape for a century and a half now going on two centuries was part of the story of progress. historians have been aware of it the problem has been documenting it and searching for the examples and working with native communities and trying to better understand that complicated and complex history. that's something the historical profession has only begun to do in the last what your 30 years.

so it's kind of a group of interest orients who are starting to look at this in critical ways and trying to understand how culture plays a role in dispossessing people from the land. i grew up in the great lakes. essentially a spent most of my life being taught that story. one where native americans essentially vanished somewhere around the time of the war of 1812. in college and graduate school being confronted with an alternative story to that and leading native people who still live in the states was a stark reminder to me that there was something wrong with the story. the more i investigated it, almost hilarious irony of individuals, one story in the 1840's of an individual in indiana who stood up before a crowd and gave the speech called the decline of miami. essentially what he was arguing

was that it was really sad that the miami had to leave. what was interesting to me, documentation that to mean in members were standing there in the crowd listening to this guy lament the fact that there were no longer there. it was that irony i kept finding over and over again that maybe one to investigate. >> oklahoma city is known for the 1995 attack by timothy mcveigh. book tv visits the city to share the local literary culture of the area. >> hi. my name is joe and paul berry, acting curator of the john and mary nichols rare books and special collections at the university of oklahoma. a wonderful collection that was named in honor of john and mary nichols on behalf of their service to the university in the library. with their generous support we have established this collection

on the campus of the university of oklahoma. what i have done is brought up some books to give you a feel for the collection which is coming up to about 13,000 bucks. the collection itself highlights what -- important works and british, american, european literature from the 15th century to the present. what i've shown you here are some of the most beloved authors of the english language, britain and english and american. one of the core parts of the collection is the dickens collection which is really remarkable. we have first editions of dickens print work but also historic allies to installments of his work. for many of these authors you will see today like charles dickens, jane austen, and other authors that i will show, most of us see those and paperback editions, but it is remarkable to see how they contemporary reader would have experienced reading a tale of two cities with a first-time in these

weekly installments or even some 1843, a christmas carol with these wonderful illustrations. and these are some of the other editions of dickens that we have that came out in these installments. one reason for doing this is that they were cheaper for the buying public. also it when the appetite of the reader to see what would happen next with the character. dickens was a master at creating these wonderful characters. you'll see some depictions here in the collection we have from joseph clark, also known as kid who had these wonderful watercolors in the late 19th century of some of the different dickens characters. we have fagan and mr. bumble from the poorhouse. this is a copy of all for telesphere -- oliver twist.

we see a wonderful image of this section. again, many of these books, we experience than with media or film. it's great to be allowed to see them as a contemporary reader did. no, there is ag was wonderful ecstatic best setting emotional us up -- the emotional aspect, but also as go of the reason that tells us how the publishing business work, al of this worked, and also help people read books. these a the kind of things that people on this campus amid be interested in doing research on the history of the book literature. so we're happy to open this collection to scholars, students on this campus we really want to promote the use of collections for undergrads and graduate students. one of my favorites, again, many of you may have recounted in paperback.

here is pride and prejudice. and it is in this small three volume set with what is probably one of the most famous lines there is the literature. the truth universally knowledge that a single man in possession of good fortune. we have all the first editions of jane austen, one of my particular favorite authors. in addition to some of these classic authors we have a few more than offset you hear. arthur conan doyle, many of the sherlock holmes editions. this is one where he uses the idea of the single print -- fingerprint to solve a crime. moving over here the collection is also represented by american literature and authors. mark twain, we have a very interesting collection of works by mark twain, tom sawyer first edition. herman melville, the whale,

which is actually 5 million volumes from the university of oklahoma. and a collection of louis and may alcott's work. and i want to point out, a special collection, it's wonderful to look and see these original first editions, but special collections also have unique material. something that would only exist in that particular book. and not everything is on the internet. sometimes the book will have something very unique that would be helpful in research for the topic or person or just tells you something about the origin of the book. for instance, we have this book by the poet robert frost that has a hand written copy of one of his palms. it's a presentation copy. most of the books and that collection -- most of the materials are printed, but we do have materials like this and many school materials.

sometimes leaves that are inserted that might tell us something about the book. so i talk a little about the literary classics that we have, but the collection is also strong in general and rare books and rare books dating from the 15th century, and that could be something like william shakespeare. this is a second folio. a beautiful copy, and it's part of a collection that we have of stagecraft books, the history of the stage that is dahlia will discolors doing the history of the stage. from the 1600's. and over here i have a few examples. these are actually, we have of valentine's exhibit. so from 1694 to 1728 and from

1735. dryden, fielding, and some others. so this is something that people are doing research. again, special collection is important because it may have unique material. this is something i discovered on the shelf recently. basically, someone has put together were collected from the early 1800's production. so this may be something also. interested in looking into the history of theater. so in addition to the history of the stage we have works that can be considered political theory, essays, travel books, law, and political tracts, religious tracts. also very strong in biblical material. is what i wanted to take out again because it's something that is very recognizable. maybe a children's story, a film. here is the original edition

from jonathan swift from 1726 which is really not a children's story and has a lot to say. a satire on the culture. it's relevant. in fact if you look at the table of contents he is critiquing some of the academies of the time. there are some interesting connections with the history of science. the literary life of the time that he's interested in critiquing. again, in the collection we have not only poets, milton, spencer, and dramatist, literary works, political theorist, works on history, collected works. here is a well-known political work. it really has a beautiful picture over here. 1651 is when it was published.

the paperback edition. in addition to this kind of book which is a treatise, we have a lot of pamphlets which are religious, political where authors are dealing with contemporary issues. one thing -- i brought up to. the topic is the idea of having a standing army and if that's consistent with the principles of a free government. the first pamphlet is the initial publication, and the second when you will see is a reply to that. and i brought these out to emphasize the idea of thinking about a special collection as a kind of conversation. people and authors of a particular time are talking to each other, but there is also a continuing conversation about ideas, values that really, up to the present. and that is one reason that we are still compelled to look at these works. moving on i have some of the last works that i want to show

the some of the older materials we have. two of these are printed in the 1400's, right after the beginning of printing. because of that they look very much like a manuscript. i actually have a copy of the 13th century release from the bible. and so when printing as a technology began in the mid 1400's, it mimics the tradition. and thinking about that transition is actually very important for today. the special collections are important because they highlight the value of books in the history of books, but also because they have -- how plastic about the transition we are going to know and are digital age. i find it very valuable ticked talk to students about thinking about the perspective of these

books and how we went from manuscript to print in the 19th century, the mass publication of books, what kind of changes that impacted on our culture and different cultures. think about how those things are relevant today in our digital world, thinking about how we right, talk to each other, and have that influences the way we think. special collections are important in that way. in the beginning imprinting this is a book from 1383. you can see it resembles a medieval text. it is actually like many printed books in the 14 and 1500's. the printed edition of an earlier work from 12 century. a book on law. the last book is an important part in the history of printing. the well-known publisher. basically biblical and roll