will commissions, absolutely nothing was done. in two years we got more done than in 13. >> thank you, mr. speaker. some 2,000 highly paid have been exposed for paying their fair share of taxes. would the prime minister agree that whenever someone is paid a salary using taxpayer money the government should insist they are on the payroll and pay full pay income tax? >> the hon. lady's right to raise this and i agree with what she says. we have been shocked by the level of this problem. ..

>> but i'm very happy to listen to his views as he takes forward this important piece of work. i think there are many opportunities as he said, challenging european economy to look at energy connectors and energy cooperation, particularly between england, france and other northern european countries. >> the national order of the committee has praised the work program for getting off the ground in under a year in stark contrast to the four wasted years of labour programs.

what further help can the prime minister give to my job seekers where unemployment figures must be appalling to find the work they want a? >> i think the honorable gentleman makes an important point because not only has the work program got up and running quickly, it is help already or it is helping 590,000 people. it will help over 3 million people in total. the key difference between it and previous programs is payment by results. so we are paying providers more money for the more difficult people who have been out of work for longtime who have series challenges about getting back into the workplace. i think we can use this program not just about people who have fallen out of work recently but people who totally lost connection with the labour market. those are the people we want to help most. >> in april last year the government announced the successful bids and round one of the recent growth fund. i was very pleased to be included.

it means five of jobs, it means rescuing people from some of the poorest housing conditions in the country. 13 months later, not a penny of that growth fund money has materialized. will the prime minister tell me why? will he undertake to find out and ensure this money flows before the summer recess? >> i will certainly look at the case. the right honorable gentleman raises. half of the project are now under way. serious amounts of money is being dispersed. in terms of a comparison with the regional jet joe but -- develop an agencies, 3 million compared to 249 so we are able to put a lot more money into these projects not on alert that -- but i will look at his project and write to him shortly. >> order. we come now to the main business. read the orders of the day. >> you on c-span to really the

british house of commons now as they move on to other legislative business. you have been watching prime minister's question time aired live wednesdays at 7 a.m. eastern while parliament is in session. you can see this weeks question time again sunday night at 9 p.m. eastern and pacific on c-span. for more information go to c-span.org and click on c-span series for prime minister's question, plus links to international news media and legislatures around the world. you can watch recent video including programs do with other international issues. >> when people are saying to him don't take the vice presidency, right now you are the most, you're a powerful majority leader. don't take the vice presidency. you won't have any power. johnson says, power is where power goes, meaning i can make out in any situation. his whole life, i say nothing in his life previously makes that

seem like he's boasting because that's exactly what he had done, all of his life. >> sunday night the conclusion of her conversation with robert caro on "the passage of power," volume four in the years of lyndon johnson, his multivolume biography of the 36th president sunday night on c-span's q&a. >> the annual peace officers memorial service honors law enforcement officials killed in the line of duty. it is part of national police week in washington. this year service includes remarks by president obama from the west front of the u.s. capitol, this is half an hour. >> ladies and gentlemen, the president of united states. >> detail, colors. present arms.

[silence] >> detail, color guard, right

shoulder, order. arm. >> please stand for the assessment of the colors like united states capitol police, and remain standing for our national anthem. [silence]

>> detail, color guar guard. present arms. >> we will now have the national anthem by kathy williams. ♪ oh, say, can you see ♪ by the dawn's early light ♪ what so proudly we hailed ♪ at the twilight's last gleaming? ♪ ♪ whose broad stripes and bright stars ♪

♪ thro' the perilous fight ♪ o'er the ramparts we watched ♪ were so gallantly streaming t ♪ and the rockets red glare ♪ the bombs bursting in air ♪ gave proof through the night ♪ that our flag was still there ♪ ♪ oh, say, does that star-spangled banner yet wave ♪ ♪ o'er the land of the free ♪ and the home of the brave?

>> detail, color guard. order, right shoulder, arms.

>> please remain standing for the invocation. >> please join me in prayer. our gracious father, we thank you for this clear whether today. our gracious father, on this sacred day, may 15, we have set aside for a day to remember all those that have been killed in the line of duty. we pay tribute to our law enforcement brothers and sisters that have made the ultimate sacrifice while serving others. we celebrate today for commitment for the families departments and agencies. this day is also a time to say thank you to the past and present for allowing us to share in your pain. and hopefully to be able to help you recover, seeking god's help and wisdom. from close friends, to law

enforcement agents across the country, local, state, federal and government leaders we recognize this great loss to you and our country. and today we pause to say thank you to our fallen heroes, and to offer their families our love and support, they remind us we'll never forget. now may god love and grace be with you now and forever, amen. >> amen. >> colorguard, order.

>> you can please be seated. it is my honor and privilege as the president of the fraternal order of police to welcome all of you, my fellow officers, our law enforcement families, and distinguished guests to this 31st annual national peace officers' memorial service. i would like to begin this way by introducing our guests who have joined me on the day for this solemn event. beginning on my right, please welcome terry kain, the senate sergeant at arms and a longtime member of the fob. thank you. [applause] >> national president of concerns of police survivors, as was our good friend craig floyd, the chairman of the national law enforcement memorial fund.

[applause] >> we are stuck with us today the vice president of governmental affairs, one of our most generous corporate sponsors for this event. thank you, tim. [applause] >> it's always a pleasure to introduce and welcome when the f.o.p.'s most stalwart champions on capitol hill, senator patrick leahy of vermont, chairman of the senate committee on the judiciary. mr. chairman, we thank you again this year. [applause] >> we are also very pleased that with is a very good friend of everyone in law enforcement and especially everyone in the f.o.p., the minority whip of the u.s. house of representatives, steny hoyer. thank you, mr. hoyer. [applause] >> we are also very honored to have with us again at this service speaker of the house of representatives, mr. john boehner. mr. speaker, thank you for coming again. [applause] >> also joining us is the state president of the north dakota

eternal order of police. grant benjamin, he is here today representing the national border directors and owner of the lost board of directors member from the fraternal order of police steve kenner who passed away in the line of duty in 2011. steve was the fourth national board member of the f.o.p. to die in the line of duty and grant is here today representing those four, but more especially his friend, steve kenner. thank you, grant. [applause] >> next i welcome linda henning, national president of fraternal order of police auxiliary, our partners in this memorial service. shall be welcoming you all in a few minutes. turning now to my left, please welcome paul irving, the sergeant at arms of the house of representatives. this is his first service as the house sergeant at arms, and we are very grateful for his presence. [applause] >> next is the acting chief of our host agency denied state capitol police. tom reynolds is joining us for

the first year as the acting chief. thank you, chief. [applause] next achieve reynolds is the acting director of the pier of a call tobacco firearms and explosives, mr. todd jones. thank you director. [applause] >> we are also very pleased to have with us today the director the united states marshal service. thank you. [applause] >> again joining us for, i don't know how many years, director mark sullivan from united states secret service. thank you director. [applause] >> we are also very crippled up with us a dear friend of law enforcement the fbi director, robert mueller. thank you director. is leadership and support for what will passionate well known and deeply appreciated. we're also very pleased to welcome the deputy attorney general jim cole was with us this year. [applause] >> thank you. also very pleased to welcome

last year's keynote speaker who is joining us again, the department of homeland security secretary janet napolitano. [applause] >> and finally it's with great honor and privilege to have with us today the president of the united states, barack obama, who i will introduce more fully in a few moments. [applause] >> mr. president. on behalf of the 333,000 members of the f.o.p., i want to welcome you all here to the national peace officers' memorial service. we come here today to honor members of the law enforcement family who have paid the ultimate sacrifice. president teddy roosevelt said, life brings sorrow and joy to life. it is what a man does with them, not what they do to him, that is the true test of their metal. the fact that you're all here today to honor your loved one,

demonstrates the medal that all the law enforcement families in our great country have. and i cannot thank the many professions in this country where our mettle is tested anymore than in the area of public safety. america's first responders are always there in times of need, and it is truly unfortunate that so many lose their lives every year to protect this great country. billy graham said, courage is contagious. when a brave man takes a stand, the spines of others are often stiffened. the courage we are here today to honor has indeed helped to strengthen the resolve that all public safety professionals feel when they go to work. there's nothing in law enforcement that is more devastating than the loss of a brother or sister officer in the line of duty. over 18,000 law enforcement professionals have died in service to our nation, and in

all of those, the courage and medal of our brothers and sisters has been tried. but the thin blue line becomes stronger because of the courage and sacrifice that your loved ones demonstrated. to show support that we provide to you, the families, of our fallen heroes is our way of showing you that the loss of our brothers and sisters will keep us strong, will keep us vigilant, and keep our courage and commitment ever present in this great land. we know that our gesture here today will not take away your pain, nor relieve you of the memories of their passing, but we want you to know that we will remain courageous, and will never forget the sacrifice that they have each made. president john adams said, grief drives men to serious reflections. sharpens the understanding and softens the heart. adams was a wise man, and i concur that our three -- here

today and in the future will sharpen our understanding about the sacrifices that he was have made. god bless you, our honored families. god bless the entire law enforcement community. and may god keep our troops safe overseas, and may god bless the united states of america. thank you. [applause] >> it is now my honor and privilege to introduce the f.o.p. of associate auxiliary president, linda henning, for a few remarks. linda? [applause] >> mr. president, members of congress, brothers and sisters of law enforcement, families and friends of our fallen heroes, welcome to the 31st annual national peace officers' memorial service. in 1962, president john f. kennedy proclaimed that may 15

each year he observed as peace officers memorial day. in 1982, and observance was established to recognize in honor of the men and women who bravely made the ultimate sacrifice. today, we honor 166 officers who how do their kids, kissed their wives, or their parents, call to their parents, waved to their neighbor and donned the uniform and shield one last time. they did not anticipate that this would be the last time they would walk through that door. they didn't anticipate also that it would be the last time they walked into the squad room, prepared their cruiser, or laughed over a joke with their partner. they and their families expected him to return from their shift. to continue with life, normal, everyday living. however, this was not the case for the officers we honor here

today. on the evening of march 18, 2011, officer andrew dunn of the sandusky, ohio, police department talk their sons caleb and connor to bed. he kissed his wife, julie, good night and headed off to work. he put in a call to his father, fellow sandusky police officer matt dunne, to see how his shift was going. in the early morning hours of march 19, he observed a man riding a bicycle with no lights. he attempted to talk to the man but the suspect abated officer done and kept riding. officer done turned on his overhead lights, paula suspect over, and as he exited his cruiser, he saw the suspect had his hand in his pocket. officer dunn asked him to show his hands, and the suspect opened fire, hitting him with five rounds. though he was critically

wounded, officer dunn returned fire, striking the suspect as he ran away. in his last moments of consciousness, officer dunn radio signal 11, officer in trouble. backup officers arrived and officer dunn was transported to the hospital where he died of his injuries. life to the family and friends of officer dunn, as was all the families gathered here today, was changed the data officer was killed. if you have not experienced the unity of the brotherhood and sisterhood before, the events that occurred for the next few days and weeks following the loss of your officer will certainly provide you with reassurance that you will not walk alone. there is a kinship, a connection, a bonn like no other between those that wear the badge. you need only look around today to be reassured that your loved one will be for ever written on the heart and soul of the law

enforcement community. these officers did not therefore honor or pay. the happiness was in doing their job, protecting and serving the public. president calvin coolidge once stated, no person was ever honored for what he could be. honor was born for what he gave. these 166 brave men and women gave their all. they lay down their life to protect and serve families, friends, coworkers, and the public who are here today to honor them. may they rest in peace. may god bless the families they leave behind, and may god bless america. thank you. [applause] >> i know had the honor and privilege to introduce our

keynote speaker for this, our 31st annual national peace officers' memorial service. barack obama, the president of the united states, will address us today. this is the second time that president obama has been able to join us. to honor the families of our fallen heroes. mr. president, it's a great privilege to have you with us. the men and women whose memory we cherish today put themselves in harm's way to say, to protect the citizens of the communities and this great country of ours. we thank them for their sacrifice, and we share the grief of the families. and we will never forget them for you, for speaking here today. while the rank-and-file officers are doing everything they can to keep our streets safe, many of us worry that no one is worried about providing us the tolls to do our job. but, mr. president, we know that you and your administration have worked hard to provide these tools. your continued support for

programs to provide vital something for state and local law enforcement be with the accounts program grant, or programs that prevent layoffs, or higher our returning military veterans, your support and for your support for the public safety officers benefit program. you and your administration has been valued partners in the cause of public safety. we are proud to welcome you here today. brothers and sisters, our survivor families, and distinguished guests, please join me in welcoming the president of the united states, barack obama. [applause] >> thank you. thank you so much. >> please, please have a seat. thank you, chuck, for that very kind introduction. chuck is a proud police officer, he's the proud parent of a police officer, and he has dedicated his life to law enforcement and their families. so i want to thank him for his

extraordinary service. i want to recognize the entire fraternal order of police and its leadership, including jim pasco, for all your work on behalf of those who wear the badge. i'd like to recognize fop auxiliary president linda hennie, all the members of the fop auxiliary, members of congress including speaker boehner, congressman hoyer, and senator leahy, as well as members of my administration. and most of all, i want to acknowledge and thank the families of those who have fallen. as scripture tells us, blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of god. blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of god. our country's law enforcement

officers use force when they have to. they are well armed and they are well trained. but they never forget that theirs is a mission of peace. their job is to keep the peace, to allow all of us to enjoy peace in our neighborhoods and for our families. and today, with heavy hearts, we honor those who gave their lives in the service of that mission. their families are in our thoughts and prayers, as we remember the quiet courage of the men and women we have lost. these are officers like detective john falcone, of poughkeepsie, new york. in february, detective falcone responded to a shot fired call

on main street. and when he arrived on the scene, he saw a man holding a gun with one hand, and a small child with the other. in a situation like that, every instinct pushes us towards self-preservation. but when the suspect fled, still holding the child, detective falcone didn't think twice. he took off in pursuit, and tragically, in the struggle that followed, he was shot and killed. he is survived by his parents. but there's another survivor as well: a three-year old child who might not be alive today had it not been for the sacrifice of a hero who gave his life for another. this willingness to risk everything for a complete stranger is extraordinary.

and yet, among our nation's law enforcement officers, it is also commonplace. last summer, the north platte river was running high near douglas, wyoming. when a teenage girl got caught in the current, deputy bryan gross, of the converse county sheriff's office, jumped in after her. the girl was eventually pulled from the water, but deputy gross was swept away. and he is survived by his wife, amy. today, we remember a man who swore to protect his neighbors, and who kept that promise no matter what the cost. i suspect that at that moment, deputy gross wasn't trying to be a hero, he was just doing his job. you can find that bravery, the courage to do your duty, day in and day out, in so many officers across our country.

one of those officers was deputy sheriff suzanne hopper, from clark county, ohio. deputy hopper was known as the go-to person in her department. no task was too large or too small. and on new year's day, 2011, deputy hopper arrived at a crime scene and began a preliminary investigation, just as she had done many times during her 12 years of service. but as she was photographing evidence, a man opened the door of his trailer and fired at her with his shotgun, killing her. and today, we remember not just a fine officer, but a wife, a mother, and a stepmother. like all those we honor today, deputy hopper is also survived by the fellow officers who she meant so much to, and who meant so much to her.

last week, her childhood friend, sergeant kris shultz, posted her flag at a memorial in ohio. he made a promise in her memory. he said, to honor her, we will keep going, and continue to do what we've done, no matter how hard it is at times. we will keep going. there is no pledge that better honors the memory of those we have lost. and there are no memories, there are no words that better capture the unbreakable spirit of those who wear the badge. because even in the face of tragedy, i know that so many of you will return home and continue to do what you have always done. some of you will kiss your husbands or wives goodbye each morning, and send them out the door not knowing what might happen that day. some of you are children and parents, sisters and brothers, whose pride is mixed with worry.

and of course, there are the officers themselves. every american who wears the badge knows the burdens that come with it, the long hours and the stress; the knowledge that just about any moment could be a matter of life or death. you carry these burdens so the rest of us don't have to. and this shared sense of purpose brings you together, and it brings you to our nation's capital today. you come from different states and different backgrounds and different walks of life, but i know that you come here as a community: one family, united by a quiet strength and a willingness to sacrifice on behalf of others. the rest of us can never fully understand what you go through. but please know that we hold you in our hearts, not just today, but always.

we are forever in your debt. and it is on behalf of all of us, the entire american people, that i offer my thoughts, my prayers, and my thanks. may god shine a light upon the fallen and comfort the mourning. may he protect the peacemakers who protect us every day. and may he bless, now and forever, the united states of america. [applause]

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[inaudible conversations] ♪ ♪ ♪ >> you're watching c-span2 with politics and public affairs. weekdays feature live coverage of the u.s. senate. on week nights, watch key public policy vince. every weekend the latest nonfiction authors and books on book tv. you can see past programs and get our schedules at our website. you can join in the conversation on social media sites.

>> nicholas burns, the former u.s. ambassador to nato and undersecretary for political affairs, talk about the future of the north atlantic treaty organization on monday. he's recently written a report on nato titled anchoring the alliance. the u.s. will host a nato summit next week in chicago. from the atlantic council, this is an hour and a half. >> sent by president elect to tehran today to have conversation with the iran government on the nuclear issue. i have no idea, of course, what was said in those meetings. i think it would have been preferable if he come to washington to talk with leading allied friends first a that iran before jetting off to tehran. we, of course, also mentioned germany in this report. and in many ways we have so much respect for germany, for its historic leadership of europe, for the role that chancellor

merkel is playing in the euro debt crisis, and we hope for sustained germany -- german energy a nato, but i must as a winner at talked to scores of people on both sides of the atlantic over the last seven months, damon and myself and our colleague, jeff lightfoot, we were struck that nearly every person we interviewed serving officials, former officials, said we need a stronger germany. we need a stronger german and nato. germany is an economic superpower, but in terms of its political and military leadership, it is not a leader in any sense of the word. and if nato is to succeed our keystone country, really, the reason for nato's existence if you think about it historically, germany needs to lead us politically and militarily. it needs to be right in the middle of the leadership grew. and i must say based on my own expense germany is not in that

group. it sits in the meetings but it is not providing the vision and leadership that we need. nato for a long time to give one example, for a long time nato has said that all of our allies should spend about 2% of the gross domestic product in national defense but for 28 of us in the alliance at exactly three of us are spending about 2% of our gross domestic product, led by the united states, 4.4 or 4.5% of our gross domestic product. germany, 122 or 3% of its gdp. you see the gap between and natural leadership position of germany and the reality that germany cannot deploy with the uk or france, much less with the united states because it doesn't have a military capacity to do so. that's important metric but i think a more important one that helpful, in this report is that we need germany's ambition and germany's leadership, and

paraphrasing the polish foreign minister, famous speech he gave last autumn, a polish foreign minister singh we need a stronger germany. we heard that throughout our conversation. we are convinced that a weaker germany quickly and military will weaken the alliance alliance, and a stronger germany will make a credible and energetic in the 21st century. of course, we didn't forget the united kingdom. we spent a lot of time in the united kingdom talking to friends and talking to some of the people who have been directing the government over the last few years. we are concerned and the report, and we say this, by the extensive military budget cuts in the united kingdom over the last several years, there's no question that pound for pound the uk is the most capable european ally in terms of its ability to project power, to deploy its forces in the first

grade quality of its special forces, and they have proven that both in basra and in southern afghanistan over the last decade. these defense budget cuts, and, of course, we understand that there's a budget and economic crisis in the united kingdom, risk over the long term, they risks that quality and capacity in the uk armed forces. we certainly hope as the economy revives in the uk that britain will return to sustain that defense budget and return to the full ranks, the first rank of nato where it certainly belongs. there's one more country that we emphasize in this report, and that's turkey. if you look at the landscape in europe, the euro debt crisis, if you look at the real-time and power power in the world, with the rise of china, brazil, india globe, with the rise of regional powers, there's one european country that is rising rather dramatically in its power, its influence in the world and that is turkey.

i would say person that turkey is more influential in the middle east than germany or france or britain. we've seen a remarkable rise of turkey under the leadership of the president and prime minister urged want over the last many years. and the willingness of turkey to lead and to be active in the toughest problems. and so our report calls for turkey to be treated like a leader at nato. turkey join the alliance in 1952. it's never been given leadership opportunity to is an informal group of four countries. the u.s., france, britain and germany that has led the alliance over the last five decades. turkey ought to join that group. we believe a. should be considered to be the next secretary-general of nato. we believe a turkish general should be given leadership opportunities of our military operation in peacetime and in wartime. we believe in turkish leadership is essential. this will require an attitudinal change by all of us.

ever require americans to be more open to this, and i suspect i will not be an issue given the close relationship between the obama administration and turkey. but in particular, it will require europeans to think of turkey as a european power. europe has not made that decision on the e.u. on turkey's candidacy for the e.u., by the trans-atlantic alliance is different. can the united states also have a voice? we wanted this report reflect the strong willingness of the united states to see turkey played a leadership role. final point is that, and fred alluded to this, we need nato not to be global in terms of its membership, but global in terms of its political orientation and capacity to act. some of our best allies in afghanistan are australia and new zealand, and the united arab emirates and jordan. and so nato has been constructing a partnership program that would bring nato to more global orientation, and

that's where nato needs to go in partnerships. australia, japan, south korea, bea you, jordan, morocco will not become members of nato but they can deploy with it and they can exercise and train with us and nato needs to encourage them to do so. so in other words, we can think of ourselves somehow is just an organization that just exist in north america and western europe. it's an or decision has to ask the capacity to act globally. that's in the report as well. in terms of how we put this together i do want to thank our review board to our review board of distinguished european and americans and canadians officials agrees with the major conclusions of this report that has the right to disagree with some of our specific prescription and is not responsible in any way, shape, or form. damon and i are, for the quality of this report paper the three former secretary regions of nato supporters inviting, have our

former secretary state madeleine albright and strobe talbott, anne-marie slaughter to join this board and agree with us, steve hadley, president bush's ashes good advisor, and for secretary of defense bill cohen, former vice chair of the joint chiefs of staff and supreme allied commander joe ralston, and to see three former u.s. ambassadors to nato will tough, david ascher and provoker, and three great atlanta citizens in britain, david miliband, david manning, the former uk ambassador to the united states, and my former british colony at nato, we have widespread support for this report and offered grateful for the intellectual report and the personal support. so fred, that's what i want to say. i think the plan is, the order of battle is rest of the brief conversation and then we'll be happy to take any questions that you have. thank you. [applause]

>> thank you, nic, very much for the. first of all, it's important to state the atlantic council is the council, doesn't take a point of view on anything because it would just be too hard to get all members of the council to agree on anything. i do think one thing we all agree on is a strong alliance and an enduring alliance, and certainly this report voices in the directions for the. let me ask probably just two questions and then go to the audience right away. and two of the more controversial points in this, clearly what you're saying on germany is tough to and sing it to a germany that where many germans would argue, aren't we doing the most important thing we could possibly do for the future of europe right now, which is saving the euro zone and putting together physical

contact, et cetera, et cetera. what's your answer to them? and then, where is this german weakness coming from? is it a historical reluctance? is the lack of political leadership? and what's the fix? what do you want germany to do specifically? >> well, fred, i think i can speak for all of us who prepared the report that we offered this recommendation with the greatest respect for chancellor merkel and her government, and to the german government. we understand the job number one for germany is resolving the euro debt crisis, helping europe to climb out of historically severe recession, and that has to be their first order of business. and we understand that. at the same time, the reality is that germany is a global power. it's one of the strongest and largest economies in the world. one of the most powerful nations in the world. and it's without any question the leader of europe.

and if europe is to have a global presence and a credible global policy over the next decade or so it's going to have to be led by german. so in addition to resolving the euro debt crisis, germany will have to do what we have to do. we have our own economic problem, that's our job, number one. of global powers don't have the option of saying we're going to opt out of our global responsibilities. so let's take the united states, for example. our taxpayers are funding the te first but military in the world because it's in our interest because with global responsibilities. germany has the same interests as we do and when he germany to play that role. so that is the message would like to get with great respect to the german government and to those germans who lead this report. witnesses come from? you would be better qualified for me to answer except i would say that all of us understand that germany's entry into nato in 1955 was a very difficult and

complex operation by the eisenhower administration and german leadership at the time. germany has more than proven that it is one of the world's most present democracies. now seven decades beyon beyond e second world war. no country has done more to face the holocaust and face the crime of the nazi terror in german it's a. it's current generation of leadership is undoubtedly, truly decidedly democratic. it's not a lack of trust in german. perhaps it's in excess of ambition for the role that germany must play. we were really struck by the fact that every european we talked to said we need a stronger germany. every american leader we talked to said we need greater german weight in the world. john the euro debt crisis, beyond the economic leadership. we need to sit politically and we need to see it globally. through the german military and nato. one example of that, when the

arab league asked nato to be in libya last spring, when the u.n. security council, when there was world wide support for that, when britain and france and denmark and norway put their soldiers and a man on the line and led that effort, germany did not support it. and that i thought, people we talked to, it was rather shocking to see germany not play that leadership role. it's the kind of thing we're talking about. >> on turkey, walk me through this a little bit. i think what you're saying about turkey, i don't think people would quibble with, is greater centrality if you just look at what's going on in syria. but are you talking about a short-term move to make turkey more engaged? short term, perhaps even considering turkey to be the next secretary-general of nato? or are you talking about something longer-term and evolutionary?

and on the other hand, what does turkey need to do to earn this? once heard reports that there's a turkish a veto over israel attending the nato summit. i don't know that for a fact myself personally, but we do know about the strains between turkey and israel right now, and so if you could tackle, tackle that a little bit, and think through how this might happen. >> we were also struck, fred, in her conversations with europeans and canadians and americans how often turkey came up in conversation. because as i said at the podium, it's a sad fact that in many ways it's a kind of crisis with the alliance but it's an economic crisis in north america. there's a profound economic crisis you might even say publicly an existential crisis in europe about the future of the european union. of all of us, the 28th of us, there is exactly one country that is now accelerating in its

power and influence in the world, and that's turkey. he would be a missed opportunity for europe and america not to essentially say to itself, we need this country to put a bigger leadership role in our alliance where turkey has been a very faithful member since the mid 1950s. we would be remiss if we didn't take advantage of turkey's influence in the arab world, particularly at a time of transition during the arab uprising. and so, this is really not a controversial recommendation. it may be in some quarters of europe, and we can put aside the question of whether or not turkey should become a member of the e.u., certainly president clinton and president bush and president obama believes that europe should be open to turkey. this is our alliance. this is the transatlantic alliance. to remain credible and effective we need that turkish leadership. so, you know, nato has an ethnic that all 28th of us are equal and that's the way it should be. we operate by consensus so if we

decide to go into afghanistan as we did in march 2003, we voted, do we send military force to afghanistan, which was subsequently did. every nation had to agree. isaf which has limited, luxembourg which has a very small military, their vote was as important as that of the united states. that's as it should be. but in formally they are in the leadership circle. the always has been. it's based on military weight and political influence, and global capacity. turkey has never been in it all about to be be in it. what we are suggesting is that by a strategic decision, the united states, france, germany, britain decide that turkey should be in that leadership circle. there's no easy way to do it then at least to consider a turkish citizen, a turkish diplomat, a turkish politician to lead the nato alliance, to be our leader, collected later, the next time that nato chooses a secretary-general. ever turkish generals to be

given important post-acute got to not force these issues but you've got to make the strategic decisions and our recommendations is to make this decision. >> and the burden on turkey? >> it's a complex situation but as we got into this and look at it, talked to turks and talk to others, there's a number of challenges turkey needs to me. the continuing disagreements within the e.u. over the cyprus issue, not turkey is not so responsible for the. there are two sides of that story on cyprus. but thirdly is a very worrisome developments over the last several months. restrictions on turkish journalists and the arrest of over 100 turkish generals and

military officers who now will stand trial. we don't want to take sides in these internal turkish matters, but just to say that there is considerable disquiet in the united states, canada and europe that we heard and we feel personally about the actions of the turkish government. and i suppose that turkey used to play that leadership role, many of these deficiencies are going to have to be overcome by the turkish government. >> one other question on turkey. turkey is like an article for consultation in chicago on syria. maybe you can explain to the audience, a pretty intelligent audience, but nonetheless if you explain what that is and why is there such a reluctance in nato to take this on, and should it take it on? >> i think is all of you remember we do have a televised audience. we will explain this nato one-to-one. we are all members of a tree. we are committed to it. it obligates us.

article v is when an alliance members as we are being attacked or please, if one else please come to our rescue, which europe did for the united states. on september 12, 2001 to i will never forget that moment. i was worried on evening of 9/11. our communications were cut off from washington because the state department for a time had evacuated when i finally reached on the rise, i said that nato was thinking about invoking article v and we agreed that would be a tremendous shot in the arm for the american people waking up on september 12, but it wouldn't be such a good shot in the arm if nato is litigated or perhaps didn't even agree. and to their credit, the european allies, i remember the danish government, in the lead here, came to very quickly to decision that they would in essence side with us in a possible war against a foe we hadn't even identified. but looking at the collapse of the twin towers, the attack on

the pentagon and what happened in new york and pennsylvania and washington, the europeans were with us. that's article v. transport is nearly as important to its when an alliance members feels there's a possible they may become engulfed in a war or attacked by someone else, and they say to the alliance, could we meet to plan a possible defense of our country from an aggressor? and in march 2003, turkey invoked transform of the nato alliance, and said it is a war in iraq we were afraid the iraqis might attack us. we had considerable challenge in overcoming the objections of germany, france, luxembourg and belgium to invoke article iv and plan for defense of turkey, and we succeeded because the turks are great allies but if turkey wants to invoke article iv in chicago we should all agree because turkey is a frontline state it and the turkish government, the prime minister of turkey has taken a very

courageous leadership of the he is opposing a saw. he just turned turkish policy around. all of us should agree to invoke article for and have a discussion in chicago and protect turkey. i think it is as simple as that. >> thank you. one blasphemy and into the audience, and you've got tough love for the turks, germans and french but you also have some for u.s. what is your report card, the obama administration's leadership of the alliance thus far and more specifically, as the host nation for chicago, how would you, we have a few days until the summer, but how would you judge the performance thus far? >> yeah, i should be specific. i which is bmi of capacity from also because i don't want to speak for anybody else who wrote this report on such a sensitive issue. i think president obama has been a very creative and active and energetic leader of nato. and i admire him for the i admire the people who are

working for him. the way the united states was able to present some of the european allies to meet britain, france, especially, denmark as well, and benefit from the leadership of denmark, britain, norway and france and libya was maybe not a template, certainly not the template for all future net operations, but a very positive point, in some instances europe and actually lead the essence. we've never had that before and nato and we are really proud to see what denmark, norway, britain and france and other state. so i credit president obama with that decision. ..

to be present when we must to be part of the positive solution in east asia. the main recommendation to our country is not to be isolationist because we are having troubles here at home and to avoid draconian cuts to our defense budget. a lot of people understand better than i do if the united states loses our military action, if we lose our power to project forward globally our foreign policy will suffer and countries we may not like very much make the merged dominant. the most important part of your

technique is the united states needs to lead by a strong military and the future. $450 billion over ten years is a significant contribution. if we go beyond that we will be in big trouble as a country and i don't want to see that happen. [inaudible] >> there is no better spokesman then you. i have a question about the forthcoming summit. the context in 1999 during that summit we were bombing serbia with -- bill clinton was being in peach to. >> interesting in that sense. there are three huge issues that will dominate the summit. first is afghanistan. some of us have not had good

feelings about where afghanistan is going. dianne feinstein and mike rogers had interesting things to say to support the negative view. the economic and financial crisis will get worse before it gets better. the perfect storm is developing over sequestration, bush tax cuts expiring which may not be resold land will be automatically to draconian cuts in the defense budget which i think is inevitable. how do you deal with those three issues in terms of afghanistan, of the living and growing crisis and what the united states will face when a newer administration takes over? >> we specifically did not

intend this report to be a comprehensive look at the status, there have been roughly 862 reports written to take the temperature of nato. you won't see a lot. in detail about these issues that in afghanistan, the united states and nato allies are trying to negotiate with the afghan government. the way to create peace in afghanistan will allow us to lead. the taliban believe france will leave by the end of this year, that is a campaign commitment. if the allies spurned for the door if we leave the impression we are not going to leave a strong residual special operations force beyond 2014 the taliban will wake us out and think they can emerge triumphant after 2014. we will have invested more time

in afghanistan than any war in american history so before we rush to the exit. this is it difficult war for the american people. it is in terms of the loss of our soldiers and huge economic course we have got to redeem this operation in the end game by making the correct choices. if i were covering as a journalist -- i am not a journalist and not covering the chicago summit i look at this afghan discussion and say will nato drawdown what obama promised to leader residual force that can't be just the united states and hopefully transition to peace talks with the taliban to have a peace agreement the taliban won't by any of that if they see as winning. that is the biggest issue. you are right to say the economic issue is front and center. it was catastrophic. we're seeing a see change in

greek politics with too many parties of the last 40 years are now being outclassed and out run by the democratic left party. if they gain power in secondary elections in the middle of june and reject the austerity plan we are right back into a profound crisis in the european union. likely default by greece and the euro zone. big problems this weekend. you mentioned sequestration. important that the united states remain the world's second strongest military power in a world when china is rising to power. that will call for the future of america. >> former ambassador of greece too. >> i was struck by how the report goes on and incorporates

the assumptions of nato from this administration and the past two. it is a very useful document with one cap. almost nothing is said abo . almost nothing is said about russia either as a challenge or potential partner. what sense did you get about russia and the partnership and if you had to make recommendations to russian leadership along the lines of leadership from the nato powers what would they be? >> thank you for the question and your leadership. you mentioned by partisanship by the last three administrationss. i was struck in preparing this report at a time when republicans and democrats agree on very little fat there is

widespread agreement between republicans and democrats that the united states needs a unified force. when it comes to russia lot of comments from the review were why didn't you say more and do more on russia? we set out not to be comprehensive. we set out to look at leadership within the alliance. if the alliance has to think of its most important strategic priorities, getting along with russia peterson working productively and not at variance with russia will be vital because europe is at peace. that was the vision that margaret thatcher and george h. w. bush, 20 years ago, the balkans, western balkans are not yet at peace or economically successful and most are not on track firmly in the e.u. and nato. that is unfinished business

which russia will have some degree of activity. we want to get along with russia and work with russia for that end. secondly, this is why i don't understand why some people think russia is the number one adversary of the united states. we need russia and afghanistan. russia is helping resupply our forces in afghanistan. we have interest in promoting counterterrorism cooperation and narcotics cooperation. i would think iran which is right now of a number one national security issue of the united states, the iranian nuclear future. if you look at that constructs russia is the most important country at the table for the united states. china won't be helpful. european powers have limited influence. russia has a lot. there will be a end game on iran where we convince iran not to

stop short of nuclear weapons, i would that the russian government will have a lot to do with that solution so there is going to be a close interplay and cooperation on iran. that means the nato russia relationship is critically important. the promise of ten years ago we created the nato russian cement the it is summit in italy. i would think a major order of business for the u.s. and germany because germany had close ties with russia is to bring back a good working relationship with the russian government. >> you could assess russia's approach in one of two waste y.. its low level of representation, we don't care about nato or interpreted positively.

that is -- he decided this is the right time to come out. >> i like the glass half full. it is curious that president coo and is not going to be at the g-8 summit and russia should be serve. it is interesting that you need that. the excuse was he has to be present for government formation. that is the job of the new prime minister. it is hard to parse the statement by the russian government but here is an example where german leadership could be quite critical. in retaining very important political and economic connections with russia. there is a very good example of how the united states could rebuild aaron baddeley week bridges to the russian

leadership. in some ways it is a friend and partner of the united states. we want to accentuate the partnership. angela merkel is perfectly placed to be that bridge for the u.s. to russia. >> terry murphy. good day. quick comment and two part question. you overlooked the trans-atlantic business dialogue which has been going on for 20 years quite prominently. but secondly on the question of germany, last week, capt. harry whales, a junior officer of the british army got an award for the atlantic council for his

efforts and work to support the winded warriors of britain. we all know wounded warriors -- the germans have not internalize the idea that people are actually fighting. last week, the day after capt. whales -- in case anybody didn't get my joke -- got his award, the british minister, elsewhere in washington got an earful about how it was that britain was not helping germany integrate militarily. there was still ambivalence. i don't know that that is true but he got an earful elsewhere about continued ambivalence on the part of the british. mittera

mitterandwas extremely helpful in reuniting germany. a two part question probably too long. thank you. >> i will be brief. if you look at our executive summary and the bottom of the report we recommended the united states promote a trans-atlantic partnership that will be primarily economic and business oriented to sustain our economic ties with europe and we begin to think as we are doing in asia with the trans-pacific partnership why not reinforcements of the investment across the atlantic ocean between canada, u.s. and mexico and the european allies? a prominent feature of the report that speaks to your first question. >> it is no accident that this is the same chair tom donahue was sitting in not long ago. we are very eager to push

forward this trans-atlantic economic partnership seen as a single piece with deepening and strengthening of nato. >> the council was right to honor prince harry who was an afghan war veteran who served in that conflict and to honor britain, our greatest allies. i simply cannot agree that britain has any responsibility or is deficient in its relationship with germany. i wouldn't agree with that point of view. i would like to inject a tone of sympathy for germany. it has been difficult for the german leadership deployed to kosovo and afghanistan. germany had decades of resistance. it was courageous of chancellor schroeder and angela merkel to deploy troops to both places. all we are suggesting is we values that so much that we like to see more.

thank you. >> thank you. tom donahue, head of the u.s. chamber of commerce. >> good to see you again. very briefly. i hope that this report and perhaps i missed something, can say more about the fact that nato is fundamentally a political alliance with the military arm and not a military alliance. i spent much of the last two years working on a report on the future of the foreign service and particularly education and training and that has a direct bearing on what germac does. these are not integrated into our own government. diplomatic and military. what can be done in chicago not only to reflect the concern about potential cuts in the u.s.

defense budget but diplomatic budgets that can do just as much if not more harm? >> never a problem to have a question where i appreciate the choir and try to hit the soft ball that my good friend bob c. crawford -- thank you for that. i would agree with you. as we think about sustaining u.s. military power, just as important to sustain the health and strength of our foreign service, diplomatic corps. you have been a leader on this. the last decade was unusual in our industry. we fought two major land wars simultaneously. we have never done that before with the exception of the two front war between 1941-45. in a way we led with the military with diplomats in reserve. the proper country's asset is diplomats on point, military, not diplomats.

we need to strengthen the foreign service, not cut the budget of the state department. we have had great leadership with secretary clinton and secretary rice to sustain our diplomatic corps but we know the facts and figures that there are more lawyers in the pentagon and american diplomats and more members of the armed forces marching band leader and the army, navy beat the air force and marines that american diplomats. final point, to preach to the choir, the great majority of crises and challenges we will face in the next couple decades will lend themselves to diplomatic resolution and not military resolution from climate change to most of the fight against terrorism. it is political and economic to all the things we have to do to strengthen our alliances to coping with china.

it will be a diplomatic imperative and we are weakening our diplomacy at a time when it is needed now more than ever. i very much agree with secretary clinton that we need a stronger budget for the state department. >> thank you. i am from the atlantic council. a fan of professor burns. thank you for this report. one of the bad things about being a new yorker is hedges. forgive this question. if germany does not rededicate its attentions to in nato and the u.k. does not follow through with its defense investment, france waivers and turkey is not able to deal with this internal situation, could you discuss a

plan b? >> there is no alternative to plan a. continuation of a strong potato. everything you said i wouldn't doubt there's a worst-case outcome in all of these countries that you mentioned. you might also mention the united states. if we go into sequestration and take a trillion dollars out of the military and don't fund the state department we will not be a second-rate power but we will not merely be what we are today. that will be self-defeating. you can look at the worst-case outcome. that argues with major outlines of our report. we have to strengthen the alliance and the leaders of the alliance need to take responsibility beginning with the united states. >> so this is it. >> these are the thoughts that damon wilson and myself have, principal authors of this report the we are decked out by this review board that former secretaries of state and national security adviser and

nato secretary-general, we are really encouraged by this report. >> excellent recommendations. i was asking if -- i guess not. >> plan b is western trans-atlantic weakness in the world and that is not possible. that is not needed so much right now. >> brief questions. you mentioned australia and japan should become global partners of the nato but not members. what would be the downside of opening the possibility of future membership? right now, why would you necessarily foreclose that possibility in the future? the second question is on the responsibility to protect and -- the libyan intervention where there any regrets in germany and poland that they did not participate?

it seems outside observers that there wasn't as much commitment to this rhetoric in countries like poland and as a consequence they did not participate in the mission? you might get consensus but in practice you get submissive positions even in a situation that should have been obvious. >> with your permission i will reverse the order and answer the second question first. with the greatest respect i hope there's soul-searching in berlin and warsaw over the refusal of poland and germany to participate in libya. think about how unusual it was. the arab league said let's intervene in the internal affairs of our brethren countries. that is the only time they have ever done that. the security cal -- there is an imminent bloodbath in benghazi. it succeeded. it was an opportunity -- denmark

and norway stepped up big time and flew hundreds of air missions. when the larger european countries, germany and poland, i hope there is some soul-searching and not just because it was a victory for nato and successful but because all alliance solidarity, if the danes and norwegians are going into combat they support everybody. not just some of us. secondly on australia, south korea, japan, the philippines, thailand these are treaty allies of the united states. we are enormously fortunate. china had no allies in the world. we have an alliance system in asia and atlantic and reinforces the power of our country. i don't think there's any possibility of agreement in brussels at the nato council that the membership of the alliance should be global in

nature. we are historically and by definition a political and military alliance based on the democracy of the trans-atlantic world. but the imperative -- goes back to what fred said. europe and america need to be oriented together. when dan and i worked together, very closely, he was my closest colleague in the last administration we thought of it this way. united states policy -- the european relationship had to be about europe. that is easily done if we become political and military not allies but partners with australia and new zealand and japan and south korea and jordan because they want to be in military missions with us. can we train together, exercise

to get there, we have to deploy for humanitarian operation or peacekeeping operation or god forbid a work we are able to work together pound for pound. australia has done more for the united states than any other country in the world since 2003. should nato have a defense relationship? informal, not by treaty. of course we should. i think there is a difference of view here. some european countries agree with me but others say we are only about western europe and north america. perfect policy for 1950 but not 2012 if you see where we are oriented the last ten years in south asia and the middle east. we need the alliance to the

global not by membership but by exercise, training, military cooperation and the lot of countries want to be part of that. they want to be part of this discussion. why would we turned that down? why would we say no to australia or japan or south korea. that is the question we pose. >> on libya what is your response? this also involves syria. as you know not everyone in the cabinet room agreed necessarily with the libyan operation and the military operation whether it could be successful but the aftermath -- take that to syria. the chinese and russian objection would be we thought was responsibility -- turned out to the regime change. we are not sure we are in syria of the way we were libya so we don't have the u.n. security kills resolution.

your answer to the chinese and russians about syria and how they are acting and what they have drawn from libya maybe we should focus on that and in general what action would you take as nato towards syria knowing you don't have the u.n. situation but one of your members, turkey wanting you to be more forward? >> one advantage in government service and going off to teach that you can speak your mind. my answer to china and russia is sour grapes. if you look at the cynical and even brutal attitude of china and russia towards the suffering of the syrian people and not lifting a finger to help it is not even a question of military intervention. the un security council resolution is meant to get humanitarian relief supplies -- six weeks ago. they are willing to let syrian

civilians suffer under the artillery shells of the syrian army and won't lift a finger to help. no one is talking about military intervention to change the regime in damascus. what the u.n. is talking about is relief supplies not on a humanitarian basis to the most brutal government in the world using its military power against civilian power. china and russia should be ashamed as the secretary of state said of their behavior. syria is the toughest public policy question we face today because all of us want to do something but it is so difficult because none of the conditions are present in syria that enable the nato intervention be lifted. there is no agreement by the arab league. no agreement in the security council. the terrain is operating against us. it is not desert warfare. urban fighting block house by

house. we would require something on par of the gulf war coalition. several hundred thousand troops to go into syria to take on the syrian army and attempt to bring down the government of syria. it is not an effort the u.s. government is willing to make or should make. we got plenty of other problems to deal with. i would say the responsibility rests with the leading supporter of the syrian government, russia. they are the arms supplier with a naval base with historic involvement. they should do more to curb the outside government. i would hope they would fall because they deserve to lose power. iran is our great adversary. a western-style military intervention in libya. a