relief evens our connectio published by public affairs in new york. israin74e o ste s t they e spy.riceack of

talk about king makers, invention of the modern middle east and the recording for that event is available for viewing on our web site. aie new hvely non specialists in the social sciences will find it accessible and because of the subject matter containing much food for thought,ircus reviews call that a news book ouse.

rhroject the subject

we were writing about mull culture literally went viral. it's the faiings were decned in 2011. the lrsonc ma est remarkinged in the television interview about diversity. if y come to france, he said, you accept to melt with a single community which is the national

community. and if you don't want tacc , rewco avetonei the identity of the person arriving and not enoughabout the identy of the country that was receiving it. earlier, chancellor angela tideat served by best selling book written by a german banker that most immigrants and native country, quote, attitud une, me e ni tclme under the docket rain we have encouraged different cultures to live separate lives apart from each other and the mainream. rounis example of

multicull terrorism. who 500 million citens speak 23 official language three of which grm, e l 'shtht provoke these lam mennation. it is a specific minority. the precomely muslim began arriving in europe in large numbers aftee scond d daerrebo0ion muslims in europe or about 4% of the total population. most new newcomers an estimated 7.5% of france's population. ishfistha put forward by the well-respected research center as of jan 2011. yetall such figures are estimated as to what belie nd

ntbe as islamic subcultures multiply so has european concern. a quasi plabalash n eymoxtleaders that the islamist are responsiblfor rising crime, juvenile delink city, the abuse of women through forced marriages and honor killgs. r e rasns.u se our repeated surveys indicates that most muslim newcomers are either secularist or -- most aspire to a normal life whin thhtcnt ni atk christiany are many --nd it's also worth

recalling before the muslims rive, european countries we shake bydiutn whnghran pes. the first example in the city of lynchburg. when we mentioned it, the travel of france. it's a town. it's piture book tont ee dn ad germany. and when you go there, it's hard to realize that this is at the center of one the oldest established ethnic and civil conflicts in european history th fm st ar centuries. the cause of two wars between anderkatf

wowait was the unity. hardly -- riots, demonstration and indeed, after world war ii, tein thing took place. what was interesting was this, that the allies came in 1964 to the government and said would you like to get it back? and te dn oor. eysa,n we don't want it thank you but no thank you. what we want instead, is convincing guarantees from the new german republican that it arepeclaagcutura political rights of the danish speaking minority. they drafted it and we went there to see.

if it worked. and indeed it had. eaolacoshgo there, the opn wa to danish or german. you can't dispute or contest their choice. when we were there, we ha a wonderful meeting with the shoelha glacial -- about theharbor overlooking this. and the addition ting wished question man who relishes typicalling you the hsty of tholh. ni ventnro te a,t's the german minority in denmark. when were there weren't enough germans there to elect the danish parliame. adt t danish

represents in the state parliament in germany who lead a party that takes care of the danish interest an tt asittetiet puit t yo, they traded lance for peace. that the danish government decided it was more importt rather tn havinahoil eye a precedent for similar situations. one was between italy and austria and the tie roll began area after world war worl war i they and they decided to do follow the eample, they too,

have granted aan nh ge tr hic roup in the era rather than split it up and go through the endless arment. am -na caes we wanted to see if there was a wider pointthat we could made. we went to the soviet union to the new rpublican and it was atti t asia, we, because said no, it's not one of the five places in central asia. it's one of the constituent publics within the russian federation. 'splen43o run rthodox and 51% -- i'm

giving approximations of muslim population. truinan kazan. a rs you have one of the mosques in europe dedicated next to the erine erd orthox hl itnttios,in soviet times, there were fifteen union republicans, - and the jokeas they were neithern ton mous uan aphso u it aquon wt would happen to the other ethnic cases. the civil war broke out and the

russian minority and the n olty. alaan interesting president,. he had been an orthodox communism antherion s, wh e megnesotr and at is, that he wanted to make a deal with the presidents of russia. that would give substantial ton my picly tu d hie stretched eyvodfoigsovereignty. ouok the word, one word is not in there. it's independents.

so it'sbased onutual respect and justice and so forth. all of the residence words. hen intr . inur nint breaks, culture rights, et. cetera, thatt it would remain within the russian federation, and the deal for a ten-year period when he camenar -- excuse me, when the deal was renewed, it was trimmed back to some extent but a substantially still there. vent tht can apply tohe word other areas based on the model. we turn to france's second city and home to europe's biggest assistants.ou4

there are sizable jewish and orthod minorities roughly 80,000 each. and every other nationorigin shddativewrttenis esd -- the times which will run tomorrow which is drawn from the chapter on m -- it's become what didn't happen. and the year 2005, when there we car burnings and teen riots, spreading through the sus itgh t lye o ct i fr,all was at peac there was a on brief splunch a

few cars being burn in an area. wth inoah aw the mayor and saw represents of the different communitieand we found there was an interesting combination of factors. which accounted r ethnic peace in marseilles. me aoio, elo. hed weather as everyone also said, that futbol,the local soccerem,hb, that se 0 thopetgr has a feeling element of a quasi religious behinding -- bonding quality. but from are other things that worked too. s reg u,yo d wasato t

hed the world war ii who didn't go along with the standard french notion that citizenship is between totally equal and wrongn daerto ineanio h backgrounds of the people. in france, no questions are asked about where you came from or any kind of ethnic or religious data. cityld erseilles,thmrs rewards to a flood of incoming migrants coming in 1980s afer al gear began independents you ha nearly aionug we in o l gear ya and indigenous muslims flooding to france. they decided they would give

benefits to the pople in t form of ousingr, pocafi athse upetle arslles hope. in which all of the different communities would have representatives meet regularly. and something happened that quirttonyou mes dn9,t erre h h that were interest. one, once we did not realize until we were there. the universityialty of p music dhipp tarinh s ch en visitors went to the onx, they came back, and took the forms of rap music adapted it locally, and i ei, hllth t it?--hci

a diffusing mechanism for people who are frustrated,lienated, we l mfe erndtal agreed that one thing that was important in marseilles is the people there had intense local pride. they consired themselves first of all, as sesbean ygothbd outside of paris. you ask them what their nationality is -- most of them are. that was the intesting thing. it was something else. we saw the yeae jean claude go down. he told us the neighborhoods. the neighborhoodses are mix

up. he called and said there's sothinse. aiuyae avatirlen malland have organized crime. the people who are involved in that the commercedon't want teens burning cars in their neighborhood because it brings in the cops. d th taltoteo t w ao re backstage of whatit's moment national marseilles w inresting to us wh yo find that values are different and that people are not aware of what a miracle they have in their own country. we are gla to write about at. w t a.id, w have y en inwaacuy instg us because

there's the state of pearl which it in the west southwest strip facing the arabian sea, it's not onof theit st -- resources in the great democracy of india, b it has a highest life expecncy the highest literacye st eti em gs ou rg ho asur on a successful community despite the fact th it is made up of a majority of hindus just a smaller group of muslims, a substantial chistn stpotiea e actically 2,000 years. this state where you have three major groups, then you have the inas one munxpd

rt rof mm e' induluse communism party there. they decided after gaining independents to adopt it ther than the revolutionary pass as d.arniindian communisms yoave uve an intereing cycle in parallel, the voters switch from a coalition to a congress-ld party coalition. th im nuegss partyisichge stiting abou 30% of the popution. it's a balanced power thing. the communism rleased they were going to get anywhere they had to build coalition. they builtcli t seei n e ras oeaj e a catch. e catch is that it is also

highly dependent on mgrant workers. tpv be f tells high quality, including the people. they have million plus migrant workers in the persian gulf. mostly in the arab states, most mi se ck ad tetho senttir mo than the governments gets -- from new dell high. that's thelement that's important. --n ct o fh

cto hme.eae right across the east river. queens, new york. queens, new york is one of the national treasures in recognized national treasure ofmliuln unsr a separate city, it would rank fourth in size from the united states afer los angeles, new york, -- after long, new york, and brooklyn it tiuld bethfthast pe 8 languages. 15 of them widely. that after world world war ii, there was a period, some problem, black whe tension, othertng ti11,t imatwaas changed nd the naonal origins as a test for how many people they could send in.

the gates was suddenly to substantial newcomers from latin iad k, e eca, mile eat, morn eqivent. millions came to queens, and of those millions, a lot stayed because it was handy, it was right around the airport. and then youinhe cite peaceful relations. community boards. every -- queens is apatchwork of our friends andrew told us at queens doesn't exitant eeewrk i'll t returned to you. you have to put the community. you have to put in the jacksonville or whatever. that's the postal address. thsinser ith ouyst nguptt

cono ederse. there i have to say, we had a wonderful meeting with the currentirl president helen martial. again, you could see the what humaagen bco wahsendwn b firss ca shulman who until ten years ago, was a long-serving girl president. she was interested in politics and culture, she was the one who tqns eneu ad r arts museum and set in place what she called the general assembly. the genera assembly you have meeting of the ethic communities. tehe l yu this the -- her roots from

guyana. hoace he up as a lieban weo pti s inedn eace maker in the black-white issues. there was serious ones in the 1980, game girl president and said she had a plasson and the martial plan, part of it ws e nsblnhrnd whysht it tion wes founded in 1945, that it's first offices were in queens, in the left over 19390.oherao and where it was drafted. they have markers and the museums. she had the marshall plan. and part of th marshall plan, i think this is very interesting, artj lusavy

tional holidays of the various communities in queens. we asked her, do yo ever get surprised? i discovered, i didn realize mmy et br.osh i i wt trer national day, i used to like to dance, and pretty so i was doing the polk can. you get the idea of fivesiness. ou iirea see her this is wat lling, you get a button. the button sayings, see queens, visit queens, see the world. and you visit queens and do see calouth quonpioy n ly have every kind of community. you have, how can i put? a paradise you can go from one restaurant and ne ci o

stnttin an queens is a success story. what strikes me about it, when you talk to people in new york, and manhattan, they all say, yes, but it'snotots maf thsnlbrn. so have came through and we're doing it with all the studies, with a plan, a guideline and the series of guidelines grew out of our d, k igeyto ecf e shven chofur guidelines, then we can expand on it and the question period. he says, whatever feasible, number e, chose peace rather than land. take time tomakethecase rs t lea,

unanswered stereotype characters of poplar minorities. three, do not secure the second passpt ordemnize zep. gramanalianmerin et cetera are ways people connect with each other as well as with the country they live in. four, fear no the the persistence of minority talks five, in proidin homsfor mgr,hzo aps e e csfu th vrtical. that is a project that bring paris you don't find there's one exception in queens. we talk about tha for the city. otherwise mst of the housg in nseiiea in f or ive story apartment houses. we have one minute.

i'm looking for six. four, five. okay. give me the boo nd i'li it r e kou the bacof the book. it'll come to you in a second. i'll come to six. this is chapter wealth ee b otbut th l soberrologist do not vespuiclartte the powerofv give them welcoming space not only books but dvds are

available in the mother tongue and we'll talk about that in the question period. amoft,bladiot only a outandi haafigoy. th foreign partnership with other diverse communities around the world including in china. eight, make it a - etween mi, atsoul abuse,prote raise health standards and provide role model for students. nine, celebrate differences of creed and culture with a calendar that records the major religion and national religion festals naal athepeiob ns te oe ceebra, and elect the political leaders who actively promote diversity be the president, mayors, vice presidents, or governors. sio rt to diminish

class and ethnic differences and foster a society in which someone named barack obama can rise to the political summit. e interesting thing when we atco t me wasseio washington. he's one of the people who names resonates you never read. i discovered in three ways, washington irving was important to the tesi te i saw islam he two a volume about mohamed. going back in the 19th century. naleelped restorent spain. second, he loves public libraries. was a member of the trustee of this library.

he became the president of what was the genesis of the new york erhpicthteokry in auin e. as est hl start the ovent going toward. third, this is a footnote, they thought was fascinating. brandy, he saw one way you could emeindey. togerasi wo s was something he came up with. and so was knocker bocker, there 100 associations with a madeup rkbapo tewe fictitious, became the prototype for the form of branding that was important for the city in 1970s where tre were all kinds of crisises here, fries e hengc ma,r

tht eycoud find some way something they could bring people together. somebody thought of the idea of the big apple comg from the sportsriter in the 1s ifonhinne tharmeg e 1 million the big -- all based on the president of the big ple. so anyway, those were some of the things we came up wth. i'edetet re wi come up and oin me. shall we sit down? okay. [applause] l py t e rai bring it around.

>> to some peopleit seem to set up a notion obaeror lvno first grade teacher, he difference with something, you went oh, what is thi. plu were cuous,aniedto urs sty that having been penetrated early has made for a wonderful life on three continents. i wonder as you went around, ad noticed thisin your -- in the tey re in e nt of difference and smething that was, if not hostile, at least to be weary abt. itht b w ere

is where canada, the former white minority countries australia, canada and in the united saemsi mitswarnaioo everybody except in the skate of canada, he native canadians. australia the aborigines and the native americansafr ahminota that we can excess and celebrate i did tersety. the european model, s the simution. you shou en's susfch ge began. there's no hyphen in france as there is in america. african-american, german-american whatever. there's a diffent model.

th's what y' rin irnohea they let too many outsiders in. they liked having guest workers in germany. they wanted the turks to go home after they, you know, served thatifenmeeen years oro. i k rmetns's a big deal, diversity. we like it. we like the ethnic food. that's what is wonderful about it. a lot of the things in new york. i grew up in colorado. that's wt i came newor foe vey. side.dtstd there's also a dark side that in our chapter of diversity discontent, we recall in the taonmri religions, the minority groups starting

after the revolution with french and passed the act and we recall itu 60 eno caiccid impossible candidate for president. and if you look back on all of the different groups that have been in the u.s. all of them he gone through hard times can whether tjanewhra eris the aspect too. but the saving grace is that we have learned to -- this is something that i think puts in contrast with c k at'se ca of the japanese-americans who were in the camp, that governor reagan, stghmionge h. w bush became

y bt of them presided over the compensation and restitution and the apology to the americans who recruited into concentration camps during world war i. thapd. a,tchn e find it difficult come to grips with the own recordn al gear ya. al gear it was not an oerseas. atet was like normandy.o you had 1 million europeans who could vote and 3 million people who ouldt. lessheydpeir urenre wdifi the vast majority of the people in the country were

noncitizens. and that's an eight-year cil war. anar -- one oftheonly trip there. said let's not talk about repent ens and apologies. he said that doesn't go for relations between states. they feel they owed statements or repentance for what happened. they never got it. that the general problem of nations, not just tere obatrembegans, the japanese had the same problem world record in china and korea. that's the dark side, and that's nale what we're trying to

okay. naleongratulations on the book. if you think about it, just some of your examples, queens has the ited states government, -- [inaudible] within e. lyurgan ndhe nes, [inaudible] reconciliation even in northern ireland the british and

governments were promoting and coming together. and so, it's ust like you to think ab-nale two things, first, i think a lot of the problems within countries are caused by external fores of oxththoyhor others a dienetswer whu hve three languages and people get along is that the in the 19th century. switzerland neghbors mutual interest to ve ce zed th bnd toerexnai i k hisi the problem with the united nation and we're seeing right now in syria, the limitation and the difficulties of the external peacemakers ing. we're still at the owr at ronsn

naudible] >> and today you look at the yb protestant,si [inaudible] maybe one. basically made up of catholics and jews. i -- are you surprised by that ment? laly protestant. >> and the way the appointments go. i don't think it made any serious difference in the orb

arbitration of issues. if tt's whyou're es. 'mhinhaithaa im oeuon a whole that we have becomeless interested in the religious backgroundo m nominated into a political party. religion has come into the national election here. i wonder if it's less thn that meets the eye ormore than that meets theeye. >> veryr i souch to me to me of the religious is a regional thing. in colorado, for instance there was a lot oanttto mo s, t in ewoeonnow that many mormons.

they not our next door neighbors. we tend not t have an opinion about mormons. and in the past history th edteh r ntof priest tyrian. we didn't see to make a difference and i don't know, but my perception is that we have in lis.mooiouy - en sow, didn't seem to me that the president had to go church. it is a new phenomenon where you invoke god inotball gmes a eyes h o eiebes out the -- [inaudible] of james madison in federal 10 in which he said one of the benefits of the large republican is that youhave local factions but the factions with netlize

h nted d h the national experience suggest that is the most right. absolutely. >> another question here. to another part of te orld. cexatinhte veinhot [inaudible] erpaf d on the west bank of the -- [inaudible] and do you see any life there? >> well, in 1957 at the end of adnd cr, theideaheo wtlto bu s r is never really happened.

ngfobbe the west banks which was full of pal tin begans. , they were different from the jordan begans. and it turned out to be it rd i wsssed us had the disgruntled majority population in the west bank. so it's always been, you know, a very tenuous thing there. they would be better off. yo t ifu [inaudible] said you -- can you quote him exactly about the -- you n't until you have the borders that guarantee the nest? >> he said that the oldotion rdasoerntirely

right unless it made the next one inevitable. and that was true. and for a century in european history, and i think there's a problem here in the middle east generallythat thebde re r that paris peace conference. and th don't match. there's an overlap and difficulty. i think in the long rn that the there will be. reorsen the wiy palestinian and the israelis and anufoyrlantees on both sides. examples that get close to a place that you feel comfortable

writing about as he example. we reached a break point in the e k. tofere itgoeomee heth you find interesting and troubling? >> the obvious one is former ing involve ya. --inauble] it feel apart. one 69 reasons it feel apart in 1990 germany recognizes croatia as a independent country. when it did that, it wasone of e mostsyeio isenonce had a different farm that in russians et. cetera, et. cetera. it's amist the italy aid they woulrecognize the li ese i a case look --

but they turned badly. >> in a sense the book is compared to political science. we compare -- [inaudible] whh is close ay cot sls indue.n as opposed to -- [inaudible] ethi cleans, the killings that went on in the 1990's. e s ae .ng ir as opposed to car are a will has the richest muslimpopulation in india. that is a goo thing because they don't feel disenfrance rised. they sing tevolwe ey5%f ore they're 25% is important if they throw ittoward congress. congress wins and in if they

throw it toward the communism, the commusmwin nale ea yehn9ite u infest because of the -- [inaudible] who was one of these leaders who stirred up ethnic tension. they made a big point of dancing down the ethni nsns. wblsipe ng charter nationalists. he would bus them to to the capitol, as they would demonstrate they wanted you

don't want to support thes guys. you'll get the nuts. t. celyanlaal anne td about about complete sovereignty. he talked about it but never mentioned the word autonomy. it was never going to b where d ua he doesn't have a lot of oil refineries of russia. there are a lot of reasons that it doesn't wor as independent state. they are totally held up byth iaow y ha and rebuilding it to keep the tension down. >> one more question.

>> i was interested in your usmmtbhodnt bee i m,a about the situation -- [inaudible] it's been written about offices were right next to each other so people could intermingle and exchange ideas. i'oderfoyoa en tosi >> well, comment on it mostly in the chapter omar say, marseilles was the -- [inaudible] and the university is tre. e s nstg bungnttiit wae pl the models for a lot of these massive housing developments that bring the contraband-t buildings are just really housing for the

fairly decent housing, but the theo lgn em and mainly because they're confined to the these. they're ghettos of one building after another building after another ilding. at qe w vole section on a city which is an attempt also to have big massive opcesaeythightowerbuld ad en road times in 1970s an 'oil -- '80s. he was not an equal opportunity

ntan yoa aofl lea dan jewish and influx of african-american on the lower income scales. there was real problemsthere. e9s,wegrpsct tngped to the city. one were the jews from central asia. who form community and the other were the muslims from north africa. veseivci values,a that are used to living in both cases with other people. they lived with the muslimsfor a long time. d all of a sudden, not al o d hn't authgo of it. when you go to the public library in the city, you see it

as an interesting laborary of i did diversity between to adeihea u depm >> well, i want to add one comment about the park. there was ray go park, ow think of it park, you go there hhouses.ee tineam it used to be gardens gardens in front. that was when it was an italian neighborhood. the central asians, which is -- they don't dogarns acr cadeat in ecue. and this caused an enormous amount of tension community board meetings and all. the italians like the gardens. and they didn't like sighing cement in ronya it wsorull

di. i shvewoedio more and more have taken over the area probably the italians mostly moved out. .. you also have these garden cities which stem from british

inspired idea ofde tc y h af ns wonderful laboratory examples in queens of urban experiments. our weekly explorations always gave us -- really unexpected. nethouva called utopia parkway was supposed to be utopia and was -- a bunch of jews got together to form a community and it never took off but we still hav the utopia.but >> joseph cornell had magical box on utopia park. >> i would like to thank our spkers for this wonderful talk gan nvsati on wyohe

your next book ready. >> thank you. >> thank you, everyone eager to little for coming. [applause] oure wchoktvn ths and books every weekend. >> what areou reading this summer? booktv wants to know >> thereome ndfu ti ido am always interested in looking at the history and things that have happened. certainly robert caro's book, w t read.in a series about this one documents his fiers as vice president when he was

running against president kennedy for the nominationnd pdendalow o that is a troubled time for lyndon johnsonnd president kennedy. they were certainly different in just about erype itas t otr i lyndon johnson's life. as he is passing into the presidency this is one of the more interesting times to see bearooe iredible job having looked at his other book and heard him talk about this book and the others. heudenl heel thod s people decide for themselves

what they think is important. having -- he has captured so much and does so much research. hncioarlyown an le ing up years what lyndon johnson's life would have been like and each time he has gone further he has done detailed se.aun o heanel wr was privileged to invite him to speak to a group of republican senators at one point and he came and we had aery teedthriences ck and for that lyndon johnson had as majority leader and the tactics he used which are very different from any kind of leadership tactics thayou would be able idire.boutruay da

was a very strong leader and also very demanding. i would certainly recommend robert caro's books and h research is so goodhat wonjoyha another book that i have been beginning to read is a book by douglas brinkley about walter cronkite. there wasn't a more well know versn ic twa cnke. we love him in texas. he went to the university of texas and grew up in houston and he was a foreign correspondent for united press inrn a oalep peen hen' just a face guy.

when cbs evening news became more important, when the new rath m nwork d w nktart as the anchor in the 60s and was there for 20 years into the early 80s and i just think that pridents, time covering is certainly fascinating and he was a fascinating person because he was so thoughtful and douglas brinkley is a wonderful histian. s hto pro at rivit heke tav academy and princeton. he is the real story and also does detailed comprehensive research in hiriding sohe biography of cnke

e be din biography of walter cronkite. the fact that douglas brinkley wrote it andight high regard for himnd t f tt kis l-n a loinount a having this kind of biography is an excellent thing for us to have documentation in there thasok ita voices. vital vcesan oiz edhiynt a ele t and put a chapter in as secretary of state

clinton becausi have been so impressed by the role that women have taken thrght thworl iclycoie t ioue and blow women leaders have emerged to create peace and honesty and integrity ghn iew to fight for a human sacng all of us were taken with the women, the treatment of women in gendatnty n and what they ivnde them emerged in the face of torture deanidcagh foucn giwh

the united states has done since we have been in afghanistan trying to help them be ee of the talan and al qda's i hinedt th aid that america puts forward the for girls and women as well as boys and men. vital voisan oanat that -- honors this year though women who have led in these countries andade a difference d every year senato anow baroa shares we have come to the award events held at the kennedy center and

women get a validation that helps them pursue what they arie ine s s mao is building an economy. giving women micro opportunities for micro businesses and sweang them earn for the mili a ime c stng up a rape victim in a village in t icd ne tho pursued justice and teools for boys and girls in her village and she was a woman i will never forge she was so magnificent even though she was illiterateute a

that was so far beyond her experience or education. it was within her. it is women like that who are hod itoi at mmonulk th usme. talk about these gre stories and what women coming together and honoringhese great leaders can o toino in onaal and treatment for the women who are in countries that don't have the luxury is of freedom that we have in america. those are three books i highly mmtodehimm and they are not funny books or the lifeooks that people read but they are substantive. when you read a book like

biography of wal cite onnsrrif e nne so much, it does enrich everyone of us. i am kay bailey hutcheson and i hope you have great summer reading. >> for more information on this sioktv.org.s >> david petraeus that rights --trusa writes about the presidents. >>an i pray for you? n pyorou. thcagn- e e lot of promises made. they need a large hall rger than this one to get all the people jack kennedy promised the vice president c to. >> and heal >>viol mhe been

e last jeffersonian. he believed in governmental power and federal power to resist the temptation to extend it. >> this sunday on booktv here eta aon eastern ad on in depth. and the israeli-palestinian peace process on booktv this eken cn2 ecyooaske twitter followers what they plan on meeting this summer. ♪ere are some of their tweets.