the be d iat caty t isutha rtrihitory the one thing that i wanted to contribute he is what rial profe ist --rofing n' alrongoot nneroe race of a pers if it is subject specific or incident specific. we'reotin t t sciof reou o l foenand its administration. what we're saying thatra ofg ue subject specific or incident specific. and that's what we're trying to do here today. acte rdo nnrag t overwhelming majority of law enfoement men and women who want toimeth umcet, k o he gestsce riots inetroit that occurred was because of a police incident

was started. hn ditiow aln nsli brutality. a ron scott an activist a laen i wngha enkireye an w ur nnl this lgislative discussion about an important subject, but we - and we praise our civil rigati ta en sodt. thac thal defense fund of naacp. the american civil liberties unio dorf it unanta nionate en rkon this just as we have. and so i believe that there's going to be a t v wiss t leatth o o he house and the senate and that we will -- we will enjoy that day forward wwe w brisem far kethdisi o race

ou of our national conversation. not because we're ck and tired of t, bcae ednyhe tuveuc f t inti >>gran ye a hotoyoin e ste judiciary committee hearing. i thank you very much. our next witness is my friend and illinois colleague congressman lois rse e th rena dict chhe ira tk rcd agtch eonon for immigration reform. there e many outstanding political leaders in america but none for forceful and more cu aor ade an lle re tiz. k forog . hayoso mu cma rbragbegr inngo tfy her today. i'm one of the proudest things, i am being the state of illiis, is the senio sator om ta i' h aeled w ouna ur veverooa cotoiteni anmmiedten to immigrant stories. some my colleagues have told me they're regarded with suio eyl hefrnt trd ery us wa lo so eleistme alama, i met 20-year-old martha martha, a young woman raised in e u.s. one late afternoon while driving she was pulled ove she was arrested for driving

wit ce jd htaco beke bee s. citizen president was not present their child was taken from the back of the car and turned over to an agency. rithf two ro, ke owis h he was stopped because he was pulling into his mobile home community. one of three other hispanic residents stopped that evening. he was arrested for driving out icen. whelain poioocng an aes wic e togo art profiling hispanics and immigrants is the most efficient way to get someone deported. you can't tell if someone is documeed by the way th oes w t li inca artco nsen mwaai res r icf inundocumented. indeed sadly, senators there are thousands if not thousands of ces lawflyeed u. czend l sis heteat eaeaoln he nsti rts sof h e b deported and then brought back to the united states of america. that's not aold story. that's a story of today. the federal goverent ok st ie t ctwh egaledthho meurerwsala, h li adarizona, because the state laws are unconstitutionalnd interfere with the federal government's

ability to set andenforce immigration policy. it makes nonse toe aiuntion aw tneha an t ondlo e laplto centers and deportation pipeline. gavino has been denied becae he'seeoptonyes rdtoth fal vent dngho a ns e rn ioci se ficae e thatno drtgao brup mif american citizens the federal government is doing just that. and prrams le 28gn coitennin ns saofvi erarcaac il tros inif if we're serious about truly ending racial profiling, we need to back up our lawit with actions to protect famili and cizendldanho cotu. i s t, yn tfedel government says this is racial profiling, we're going to fight it, and they go into the federal court in arizona and south carolina and in alabam unteoc ci iuoneyo se fi, goto deport people, and they're going to continue to d it. it just incentivizes. so i hope wecan have a conversation about that also. thank you so muchvi hehirn hankoungma tiz. ngmait eon o nna,tag d rseg the fifth

congressional district in that state. he co-chairs the congressional progressive office. congressman ellisonenjo a menst he t rs im eedth ittacoss io hve t ineintaus reenve congressman ellison, welcome. the floor is yours. >> thank you, senator durbin, also thank you senator graham. thank you r holding this imrtheg. althorgi to galdeo setiepens ra ofg an vempnt ou know, that guidance has a loophole allowing law enforcement to profile american citizensased on region and national origin. whanplif ic d ce ic giorior disturbing, i think it's important also to note that it is poor law enforcement. law enrcement is a finite reurce usgw rct eses ilasosoel oacas bio suggesting a crime is a waste of that law enforcement resource. it leaves us less safe and more at riskhen we don'ttarg se cct aehr sutif cbuse hesitis fo pric meayil focus on religious profiling of american muslims. up to 6 million americans know what it's like to looke uon wiusonin tt- er

apenor ouusrik hand p the rules and a small number don't. many even live theer ead tsto egd aist livnee yean kll tll wat it mso llff a rpla, pued out of line, denied service called names, or even physically attacked. likeer ri slmenst enementoolbl sa. beies threat, but as an ally. en fbi for explhows up om fff er-mms h't nethwr iak theeaed ade spn t ni the important connection between law enforcement d citizens that is necessary to protectalf. whsamant ed ofe or ti hoha ess al a -- where do you go? why did you give them $200 donation? do you ray? w n? enstikis d,chehio dubeor sct imerodes the connection between law enforcement and citizens. no american should be forced to answer questions about how ty

wop. wa iclydibe wh h sieom o entrsnewk t b s in colleges that ss by theuslim student association. i was proud my son was elected prident of thesl ensoio h ll b wor, w ead sct eicee kre yale, columbia, and penn? he's a good kid who's never done anything wng. and i worry to think he might insomebody'si sy bee ntac on campus. i ile am a great representer of law enforcement and recognize the tough job they have to keep us sa, but i think it is very important to focus the proper e aworntou otginopgor soe eoor price. one bush admistration official once said, religious or ethnic or racial stereotyping is picay goolg thene vs ic hode to tprnor al uhe rnen toseopho i t justice department's racial profiling guidance and urge my colleagues in congress to pass the end racial profiling act. thank you. >> nkonsmll. ulve aype em ende idge w ber 11chug sid statements of constitutional principle. particularly when it came to

those of the musli faith, that r saiis lareont ns osoulor stitndsetn t me or anthyo fyo kny. thank you, sir. >> congresswoman judy chu represents the 32nd district of california. nc09. shs fit che-icomve ectons. sh rshegron aspac icca. allyhe svedinth california state assembly. we're honored that you're here today. please proceed. >> thank you, senator. ashair of thngio aspac icca gratulfo tpoit s h yutdi alofg aca iaers if landers like other minority communities have felt the significant effect of racial profiling throughout american hiy. tineslu tjaeser rn, thst1 rarong ra muslims, we know what it's like to be targeted by our own government. it results in harassment, bungd tiev vice insediy mme,relyte to ash testimony of those constantly humiliated as they were pulled out of lines at airports because of their turbines and mad to wait in glcalikema la eye edo s beteat h a evnf wseed is has forced muslim-americans

to fly less frequeny or remove religious attire just to accommodate thesunfairly targed practic. dtas eai kernutth vi oenerk po dtmanea who were secretly spying on muslim-americans. despite the lack of an real evidence of wrongdoing ofcers werening saman uns veppgn faes rdevhiroer eyrato rur an. ntesel states in the northeast to monitor muslim student ganizations at coe cs cse thtu honth spus eye yin islam. e regression of some of the darkest periods of our history where we mistrust our own citizens and spied on their il livnd ias npl urodnci lnfmesra prinaia gr rees trust with fear and hurts communication. the community and law enforcement instead ne to be panerso enimnd sus sa ol ic whheilliie an grisvte ll su. acer 60 years ago during world war ii 120,000 japanese-americans l everything that ey had and wereoco ite

inmeamout t coy us hrid egng hee n a single case of espionage was ever proven. but there were not enough voices to speak up against this instice. y,reusse ichaisp wet d tig ll ri. that is why i urge all members of cgress to support the end racial profiling act. we must protect the ealsf icd eten unthwhur coy er n t fsa unl,or un-american because of thr faith or ethnicity. thank you. >> thank you congresswoman. the next witness is coremafreda il eres cossl ri was i rsines nf id prusshrvn fla e epsentives from 1999o 2002. and in the florida senate from 2003 to 2010. congresswoman wilson, thkou fo joings y, ee >>nk. epntmiami, where trayvon is from in sanford. thank you. thank you, chairmandurbin nkbeha ser bntndth mes o cote i k nvg testify today on the issue of racial profiling.

last week after 45 days, an arrest was finally made in tieaf motu ayr vos a17ar b wagme from a store. he was unarmed and simply walking with skittles and iced tea. went skiing in wr eb rg emm sotan br a orflarnna unsif miami. a middle class family, but that didn't matter. he was still profiled. followed, csed, and er. chaapd inatl ntanll dinis axt pl rl il his murder affected me persally and it broke my heart again. i have buried so many young black boys it is extremely mang mn no horialarho to drive, i baugought him a cell phone because i knew he would be profiled and he was. he is still fearful of law enforcement and at ty might don hevi i hrgron 1, a ar. peaolhis issue before they receive a driver's license. i pray for them even now. they're the real tension between blbo aece n rcd, . if woyerty sc ask de yve b al profiled?

everyone will raise their hand. boysnd girls. they've been followed as they shop in stores. they've beentopped by t ce npptas thno yg twiefi i'sthld advocate. i don' care what color the child is. i was a school principal, scol board member, a state leatnd ing. draarou lfofil. ey m ss buve learned from my experiences that black boys in particular are at risk. years of economic and legal dinfhisent, the l ofve j vee to serious social, economic, disparities practices agait black boys and men. trayvon martin was a victim of this legacy. this legacy that has led to arislegacy tha hed he iatofacma gaas l r prin aywade on o gh looked suspicion. thsocial atusf k me anys fdan is t sen beewe ncoor a is ohin naaledve yoh understand that our entire society is impacted. a federal commission on the social status of black men and bo should be established

spic tcu vig,rrng lios oo suspensions, homicides, incarceration incarcerations, poverty, vience, drug abuse as well as income, health and educational disparities among black males. havepe0rs bin oran pdrt en prm atk b amdentbl scols. it's called e 5,000 role models of excellence project. boys are taught not only how to be productive members of society by emulatingtoho a leonmmy, the tt red acrong it aadal at we have to teach boys these things just to survive in their own communities, but we do. we need to haveti eronutia prin no er tis toanp ads e iesnd then fight injustice that exists throughout our nation. enough is enough. thank you, mr. chairma >> thank you,rema ss cagse tiofs pall loemre tei se hdus. anu , mfo inreay now we'll turn to our secon panel of witnesses chmileta thplat wss bl

before you take your seats wait until everyone's in place and i k you toleat or hevnee. ask the witnesses to please raise their right . do y rm tesny yo a tve t itwie te e h nog th uto yod k ved he rdef that the witnesses all answered in the affirmative. first witssada. ie pe cof st ifa, nc20 foha9rsthh oakland liceepartment where he rose to the rank of captain. chief davis sd on the federal monitoring ams overseeing police rermse eetwths. demefjce wagt., a tr g oblioe' cohothus pantnograph, ho to correctly collect and analyze racial profiling data. your reputation depends on it. he abaloofci grfr shein ivtyin cada ifathvi terion r prinndryt so long since we've resumed this

conversation. it's an honor to have you return. a few yes later to bring us up to date. the at this point, cief s, r ouor f te hayo. ir goor, cma d inhebctt er m ldis mutlthe chief of police for the city of east palo alto, california. i am humbled to provide testimony at today's heari. astionador teyi het te hegs ralprinn 01 enedtoooris cotedahest outhmey m w tually a question. what has changed since my testimony in 2001 when president bush then stated, racial profiling is wrongwe will end n ic my temo ter perspectives. second, as a police execute with over 20 years experience working in two of the greatest and mo diverse communities in the nation, oakland and east paloalo. th ablmad er tge oco fi fmyspves rtthit f lafoens ress. albeit limited in addressing the issue of racial profilingand bias state policing. over the past ten years the dertment of justice civil rights division through its ttofcte inigns wd enemagcy on t pdeguce acpli pie ominry prce most recently the cops office in partnership with the national network for state communities is working on issues of racial reconciliation in communities to furtrtrhehe lashanduri anolhe coit

y,re vfeli en i tnist dt seof po phibiting racial profiling and bias state policing. this progress, however, is fiercely lyly undmined by two focal po. t e ts nat daefioria prinatrots u onigan giex wdebi a person. consequent he consequently, many state and lol policies describe racial profiling as using race as the sole b f oic on foatth py slng sst u a oryt oth description it's justified which it is not. simply put m chairn, race is acrr, aic edr. wemerto suio ahmity asocaofor hekiigho threkii t clothing they are wearing, we're attempting to predict criminality. the problem with such predictions is that we are seldom ght ou rlt al w irro saolruit grn ex we. caaer sat or caes mthe cuednd should not mean they're stopped or asked for their papers. according to recent laws in alabama and arizona the police are not ju eoud ak prcratyop eyreedo. stichire enng t aivs alak cmunities less safe. this is one reason why i joined the major city poli chief

sociation and law enforcent executives in fing brief leg ara w. ne phe e along o2 issor sar definition for racial profiling. requires evidence-based training to curtail the practice and support in data collecon and anisti weo us rt tre i guce rdi tus o ran enemancyagency agencies. this will close loopholes that permit unlawful and ineffective profiling. it makes no sense to exclud religion from prohibitn wn ofg rero o imatenem dienomer rct rt lsarathohi giioe w cnu ness as usual. and only respond to issues when they surface through high-profile strategies such as the cse in oakland andhe vortasnfla. eonac dees pes t nfo u f t remilstsyem. the last top to bottom review o our system was conducted in 1967 through the president's commission on law enforcement administration of justic weuswam tnt emou n ph ecga ui s asia ong incourse incarceration rates and laws. mr. chairman fm my rspeeicece o27rsno fianw inctci prin. e palmymuty we're more than 95% of color,

60% latino, approximately 30% african-american. and rapidly growing asian and pacific lander community. in 205,yxpnc rtele nd es rderitte i fo, thft in january 2006, with the six months serving as chief of police, east palo alto officer charmay sotnd kd tin b aro juhronoufso wie e aioe nse cefficer, my community had to choices, eier declare war on parolees or engage in enforcement activities that would further the incarceration of young m in r o thdien wesestthur lash wese n engage in racial profiling. we started a parolee department ovreryvi po oerw paf tm weviogvee ildrwassnd tmprms ge erleo reduce the recidivism rate from over 60% to under 20%. after five years t murder rate in 2011 was 47% lowethan 2005. inern s drd a a v id ie hve better police and community relations. for me and my community we recognize that racial profiling, that the focus on people of lor escial young m are moiktourn foenese ta

gung i'rere ror ths neective police practicing, it is sloppy, it iscountingn guesswork. the notion that we as a coity we aiost uscirongma else ocre l rt nnlls reofoc. if we were truly worrieabou national security in the sense of compromising civil liberties it wlde seeeo alskthnng prinulsooe ibn re. hlove0, icto vncnc 11 that is more than we have lost in terrorism and the wars in afghanistan and iraq combined, yet ths noan ealall for guws. noggngreul , ofng iof mpsiivigfo onecy nor whs lloubling with the idea of using race, national origin and religion and the naalur cxtha gg toswe na ie ld aio ppitwfoen d onecy rt ateono lybindgwo t make ourselves secure versus human intelligence technology, experience and the cooperation of the amerin people. i nt tstroly ehasi p, tohes aso il tas ofe,ig nna igr ic lastly, and importantly, my last rspective is as a black man in america. i am still subject to ineased

scruti from the community, from my own profession and from myntec oelo min iti eerm fa oreutav -yoly d n. anenugm li iethr eaf perience, i know that when i teach my son glenn how to drive, i must also teach him what to do when stopped by the police. a mandatory course by the way for young meof cor ithis coy. i msty y tanu, cma thst oheens for your leadership. as much as i was honored to be here today, as honored as i was to be here 10 years ago 12 aro, hre i femen anr ye >>nk, f s. e em7,1,ho ro heeecive director of the american civil liberts union, the largest civil lerti oizn o0 er cth "ef o r ice t ci rtinege oer" gated from stanford university law school and princeton university's woodrow wilson school of policy and international affairs. plea ro odniserrb aema narfrn,ser blthi'lid if bre you today. i am the national director of the american civil liberties union. we are a nonpartisan organization wh over half a milliomembers, hdredsof ous ddna vian uper a3 eofstid did trplf lindste set forth

in the u.s. constitution and in our laws protecting individual rights. for cades the cls a thret llms ra pli rafiisolg se c stereotypes instead of facts, evidence and goodolice work. racial profiling fuels fear and mistru ben l ece d veomti esuedto prct ciilisnl inct i also unconstitutional and violates basic norms of human rights both at home and abroad. myestimonyaysouthoce reonatl on axisuion thkeeaofatl security, of routine law enforcement and immigration. in the context of national securityecy asbi cus nsowhe tasnntaman d raetit reontiorn, a t amendment protected polite political activities. sie such counterproductive activities waste law enforcement reurce de nt reons t coitan uria ofg heta aca ve mat norheew pe rt et muslim new yorkers for intrusive surveillance without any suspicion of crim ti. rdtoer soedsscl t w pe rt spederr

ce fi ioslmues it ye in bookstores cafes nightcbs and even infiltrated muslim student organizations in colleges and universities such ola yaniit whe rahipe ra profiling in the guise of promoting national security, we jeopardize public safety and undermine the bac ideals set rth iur nsti inonou l enem pinseon eos in en picou law enforcement across the country. the tragic story of trayvon martin garnered natial atntanisuens oue oceth im jcete e onetw th tbinorll, dow sreotypes played a role in this tragedy and yet they have no place in law enforcement. racial profiling undermines e t mu rctwe lind cni t e e ro, h cralkeg uns . adon, ildes racial divisions in america and nveys a larger message that some citizens do not deserve eql precnd la he cxtf grn, alfis od e ustoer immigration authority ha created a legal regimen in which people are stopped based on

their race and ethnicity for inquiry into their immigration status. e rt ostne cnu ed on hetaawin obciri ecs. additionally, ngress must defund the department of homeland security 287-g in cure communi pam icomra pli bynitandal foenfis grn ts enicfi nra mmtiaw a t enforce the nation's immigration laws, they routinely resort to racial stereotypes about who looks or sounds foreign. yon'lllog liin sneut etor treth laly inrdero acev comprehensive reform, congress needs to provide law enforcement with the tools needed to engage in effective policing. we need to pass the d raal ofg whwo pritiaofg fol. an sd t mira treen pantjuice guidance using the use of race by federal law enforcement agencies to address profing by religion and national originnd to close opholes fo the br naalcu. me 20 a yo polici bas on stereotypes must not be part of the national landscape. law enforcement officers must base their decisions on facts in evidence, otherwise, america's rights andibes unssy aran vis leo lloirta o chru onalf eac i wish to

thank each of you for your leadership on this critical issue. i also would like to thank you, chanrb i pcu tn li of tdrthsu ofg. i ok fwardo woing with you in the years ahead. >> thank you, mr. romero. frank gale served for 23 years in the denver county sheriff's department where he had resityor tourts anil ptgas enth mmr hein adin cni tiunnd pc rmn ce aseid numerous awards and declarations from the fraternal order of police and the denver sheriff's department. captain ga, it's ahonor to have you here today. plea proed. haou odmog,rm digud er t se biton tionvighnd magh mye raal i'23r ra t denver county sheriff's department and currently hold the rank of captain. i am the national second vice presidenfor the fraterl r ol rseg moha0,rande lafoenfi i y onthun i'm here this morning to discuss our strong opposition to s-1670, the endacial profiling act. i want to begin by sing at s r smmoy d cawr inorntt onroutveva purpose. it is wrong to think a person crinal because othe color of their skin. but it is equally wrong to think a person is a racist because they wear a uniform and a badge. this bll pvidea sotion pemt nxi un oels prm

toso ihaou ti enfoement officers a patently racist and their universal training is based on practicing racism. this notion makes no sense. especially for anyone who truly understands the challeng we face protecting e counits s. incon sh, londes e ctasaw foenfi i cey e rb a yokeertions about criminal conduct or suspicious activity. there is the mistake and perception on the part of some that the ugliness of racism paf cref foen m t nnl letheriout re nty. we ausstth bonds of trust between law enforcemt and the minority community. to do so wldequire substantial effort to find real solutions. restoring is tst i ic itaec riits n er revise, esal violent crime. i do not believe that s-1670 will help repain the bon of trust and mual respect between minorities andawornt f inkwiak moifltaut s sutihal a cindt ngin ict nopout vtehe rights of citizens. that is inhibitive of buildg trust anrespect anlead a be tlafoen cehonoeru orpe. bpresprit cirongch neryadndno lemateolprce employed by any law enforcement agency in the united states that i know of. in rand versus the united

states, the supreme court made et clear that the constitution ibseiv rc he b o idiouc r fur,onur als s ai cene ti tuaotecons of the law at all times. if law eforcement adts a policy, employs prac oin a n attast aia zelen zerait mth a atof e protection clause has occurred. the united states cotitution prohibits racial profiling. yet here we have a bill that proposes to prohibit it. e is tilem oditmmennd rrla bioet ib alfi ae detif alfi and the bill is far too broad. it prohibits officers from the exercise of legitime in onolin dri inemin c craliv thllpotoow exioo eprit whhes a description provided by a trustworthy eyewitness to a suspecs race or eticitbutn l sti in pic rne stortila enemree dep rmn ugwian of activities and authorized that are designed to identify suspects, prevent crimor lead to an arrest. this bill would ban many of these types of methods. therefore, a whole range of legitimate eorcent thwobehid yoheonutl lye-d vi e sln tte

to penalize local and state law enforcement agencies by withholding federal law enforcemenfunding unless these agencies complwith the requiremen of e bill to ovalfi tin rafi is. eccinder ciicatn accordance th federal regulation and establish administrative complaint procedure or audit program to ensure an appropriate response to allegations cirong e hastd re t danngs eqesbu cck r enemin p ca f the battle if we also propose to deny these funds to agenciethat need them because they cannot afford new training or new personnel to melliof al prinsu ca aveolin soy heicof raw ire il cog acent comes to something as common as a traffic stop. what if the officer unable deinevera wiolofrs b reedasr er nsegatanoo ofni, se ae cene concerned with protecting their personal information, be it concerns about the real i. act, voter identificatn laws or cyriitemt vaceh on snd sopu py a otreenveth gomeins aw rct fi le alother personal data and turn that data over to the federal government for analysis. why would somethg as simple and routinas a traffic stop require such an extraordinary imti on iv

bmto t bit wve pemur onay e ousd ec r po officers, police officers have a problem in that they have lost the trust and respect and cooperation of the minority comnity. this is tragic. us wveea us i mitin ouunmour c vice is bl,however, is not the solution. it will make matters worse, not better for these asons, theraternal order of police strongly oes e a uth omeere i thyor opunto peefthbctt haouy , ce ler g . roger klaig is the next witness. present of e ceer for l rty. ha nuerse tiinti demeureag a ge hbu niti idi stdepu torney geral in the civil rights division and deputy assistant attorney general in the environment and natural resources division torney general in thoffi ofalic w gat y er lch thyor grer. sece ouldrnr op o it'sn that box in front of you there. >> thank you very much, senator durbin, for inviting me here today. i'm delighted to be here le jsuiziemy teatt. e t t keth re to be taken in defining the term "racial profiling." and in particular, i think that

it's important to bear in mind th alrong diateat is ofe. pe vi t ha tve disparate impact on the basis of race are not racial profiling. the second point i make is that the amount of racial profiling that occurs is frequently ged thared bke azihe tathre thaiacprin as define it, is a bad policy. and i oppose it for the reasons that many of my -panists re gig. this pblcen atouakndt hei-orcot. in brief, i think that it is quitplausible to me that in e onroer a tin y h rtarpocad perverted religious agenda, that it may make sense in some rcumstances to look at nionate paulelus opicie i'm not happy about doing tha i think it should be done as little as possible. but the stakes are so high that i am notilling rleou toer e p ilde thhereblwi ngleat tar gal i k tndia profiling act in particular is very problematic.

i don't think that this is an ea aa focongre t gie e- fal lihagotoly l enemages alvef rn al me ainf investigations. and i think it's also a bad idea to encourage heavy judicial involvement in this area. anese gst ra plicts. le asaathi that chief gale does a very good job of identifying se additional cos in the en cirong, fa i itithta cotis cmi thneble'oing to either have to guess on -- inaccurately on people racial and ethnicackgund ls aie ceho en pe alwh isrecr epr with respect to my other panelists' testimony, i will say briefly in the trorism and erurcot,i reom tteon thouqura ilwiaka particular look at visitors from particular countries, at considering immigration and citizenship status and at conserinng n'ns af e th t rl il t ake p.

i think that this is an impoant point to make whenever we're talking about racial spie id, cma a se pli rtaro ilin adnaw rct context where frequently it is african-americans who are the victims of that profiling. i'm against that. nees t wve coe igoto teng tolan dial ple l as a disproporonate amount of street crime is committed by african-americans and there will be a disproportionate ountf etmemi b afn-icfo las mohavet en caers bebo t ed. ows isot a popular thing to s, but i think whenever we are discussing racial disparities in the united states, that is the elepha in the room and it has to be addressed. lteleolie an and everyone else in this audience who don't like racial profiling is goi to have to face up to this problem. >> i would ask those in attendance he to pleas in o. haou. rm inm he o mesyw t ymrg. d issoe f se ae er o ttgh sl. henethti lng scholars on racial profiling. author of the book in 2000

"pfiles in injustice, why racial pfili ctwo an00dcops, the case for preventive policing." professor harris appeared at both of the previous senator hearings on racial profiling. so welcome back. >> thank you verch sator rbmes he bctt i'at fhenc tu y. nadu'ste edreinr president bush's promise that racial profiling, quote, is wrong and we will end it in america. sad to tthro res etuled st wveonat rongitstedhe with a new overlapping second wave of profiling in the wake of september 11th, as other witnesses have described. dire mtly ara ers mus. w avthovpp wave of profiling, this one against documented iigrants. but the context and the mission of wtevethesw foentiares gendta thndtarese ciroling does not work to create greater safety or security. stead, racial priling ethnic pril riorong g a meur rind police less effectivend less

accurate in doing their very difficult jobs. i would define racial profiling as u c ec, gi nnaigr r ichaercs asfar, n eol ort octmo others used to decide who to stop, question frisk, search or take other routine law enforcement action. this is veryloseyook t heinn he ofg anf jue rt. i d tits noclacs d scio description of a known suspect, a person who has been seen by a witness. that is not profiling. that is good pice work. l ilfaon s t atatomos coy,fe l enemagesfft mins it's all about hit rates. when we talk about effectiveness, what we're ki ist hee hi liffs sety ofrscer wh thsee,ni pecelis appearance as opposed to when they do not? and the evidence, the data on this qstion is unequivocal. it comes from all over the country. pe rar ic apanr rgi apanhiy,ey n co more accurate. in fact, they don't even stay as accurate. they become less accurate than police officers and serity agen whoo nouse e ti o w, alfi

ges r gu wh t t eofind this countentuitive. there are two big reasons. number one, profiling is the sif weddo rd t adrs y unknown crimes by as yet unknown suspects. that is addressed most effectively thh observation carelbatn bio d yntcee, evs oacinhe tpp observation of behavior becomes lessccurate. ur snd ce ceefs dad anst se, g ilefs r it gr ia llce ima cni oe nd and this is true, whatever t context is in which profiling is used. paicularly in a national rionxt, is i solyti ifar dr,this a atm rnna rrts is s e rnnarrts may be hiding in communities, ofrab americans and muslims the oplee ne rt as r neik her ne otn op ihoab aca mimmues d ntsaatse coithaeero effective, continuously helpful partners to law enforcement in

case after case across the country. e uns hd. bu wt ta o prin t w coit wllagr ability to colle intelligence from them because fear will replace trust. in response to some of the coentsade y ow li al -1 icse srtno sug awornt it's all about accountability. and everybody who is in law enforcement or any other pursuit needaccotabi jli s ofr,t ybeloe ra iifio nn su yoll hpo fi ag let their race or ethnic group is. in fact, that's not what we wod want at all because it's all about the perception of th officer. 's twohao co. blst c it thsu thsu he oy laenforcement officers in ways that are effective, fair and carry out the most important idealsf our societ so t rnswo sut efs as 70e rl il acd to revise the department of justice's profiling guidance. i thank you very much for the opportunity talk to you and i look forward to the committee's questions. thank you. >>nk vmu ofr is ieviountr limelafoend yo h tesnyf

officer gale that suested in various strong and pointed language that raising this question, racial profiling, re - sun y bee ce rt, sutss nnsa so what is your answer to this? as i said at the outset, you trust,trt the mein if w, elho t l e dor . thes hra i wnnruhe dg assthhe are going to violate the constitution and the law, then we are suspicious of them when we should be me trting. haou. rmfo e ti mplyagwiy ea e ta ceic oricpantult beeld accountable is counter to the idea of democracy. if any group should be held counble, it be po. avespoan resity e r akfe t potoe do e tweld cot tsuhaat we ujuouan prudently would be counter to sound managerial pnciples. we collect data everday. we collect data on crime. weolleatfor et purp. ol dfor ifiod te we i tyoat edinsegeo th at use crime to justify why we deploy resources. the idea of using data means that you're using intligence. intelligence led policing

enhed do sworbias pong d he dprte no tweulsp enem ala enforcent officer, i think there is no more noble professor but the idea thati'm except from the conitut orxemp ccaby cteo whgon j i t k iti inatinin t loliffs om dee at aat of racial profiling and not be in a position to cnter it, not be in a position to make sure that your own policies and practices does not make them intentiolly gage ith prce ws dne s ans,hos actaaneaet eass i k 'st e g. efi tfi gale, i'd like to note that this celebrated case, notorious case lvinayrt vo asoei se o no aaw erct fi, se wn vi cen oneor w.