>> and drolen reports on the physical components of lookouts little of the internet to function throughout the world next on book tv. well researching his book the author towd numerous sites from data centers for microsoft and cool, as t bo t 10,000-mile undersea cable of the coast of portugal. this is little under an hour.

>> thank y. itio sve t idserllyo at it's wonderful to be here. i love being in seattle. srt t ltlbitm the bio, i've written in the past mostly about architecture. the thing about that is when you write about architecture you can look and the hisry of t bung ttois ohe t, b mmportantly at the end of the process you yo canhend see the building lited history of politics and culture in his native city,

still go walk around it. that's the kind of key, a crucial part of the experience, something you can completend body. ome won a realize was the writing about architecture i was sitting in front of the laptop's screen.id leee i was ostensibly supposed to be on the world looking at things but insteadn selling sitting in front of my screen. even more strikin, the world beor my sseed there was no physical prence. there's no way of understanding what was actually back there.

cois if t w ndhe screen was always this, the internet as some sort of elvis blob that was the internet and and horrible and you were not in this post and know where you were on a. ininf the blue marble picture of the area floating in space that both men to say that this is where we are but also too much to understand. that was with the internet was. th was all i could know what the physical reality behind the glass this amounted to a kind of low-grade existential crisis. th scr.w bd

and then one day this happened, and ae broke as it caal d a t e n't fix it and started at the dusty club of cables behind my couch and followed it up to the front of my building in brooklyn and under t the basement and out into the backyardheas sir nnalthir he said, i think as core of this chewing and internet. this was obvious the surprising. the internet was transcendent idea. reikg than that, if a squirrel can chew on that piece of the internet, their must be of the pieces. i get this image that, but would happen if ainsthblom wa

ust g somwhere. all i knew was that amorphous blob. the thing was started to think about what, what started to ask unuicao aso only fools tried to visit the internet like in this episode of some park where thenternet brakes but there is no mention that to fi out the thllnt fugees in california. it becomes very grapes of wrath and eventually they find the internet, this big version of the router you might have the enrs tindelo ngdd twa gp,buthat doesn't work eventually there -- while the little guys climbs up the ramp

and unplugs the giant plug in back complex it back in th fye l i dyen ahey s this single box with a red ne on it throlueverrangeded with the elders to bar of the internet for an office presentation normally it lives at the top of big ben cause that's where you get the best recepti tafoossto f f. she says this is the internet? is a heavy? the letter and say, of course not. at's.

of the poets who also have their own conceptions of the internet. a history of metaphors.ha wtaoht nvle. she weighs the relative merits of describing the internet as a touch it wil hot tub, highway, plane. and she realizes that actually the internet was probablyuite uglyndis t att don. and so were back to that amorphous blob. we can get away from the lines inniten ursate sky,he mpbl ust. fortunately there's one guy he did understand that the internet was a place where this could be.

that was senator ted stens of alasf chair, the internet is not something you just done something out . it's not a big truck. wellgh aeri of tes tht this was completely hilarious. i make fun of him. again, t internet is not a ries of tubes. for those of us who are preoccupieth the physical wo imsik he le. there were those tubes that i set out to sea. i want to talk about those, but first, a caveat.akhentne ma dfe web pages with thousands and thousands the

processes behind it physically the reality of it is a relatively strghtforward. the basic ut b p coavig fiber-optic cables that i then over long distances buried along the erin tracks a to is in the middle of kansas. i was asked to find pieces of the internet that we could photograph. was on the phone with a pr person for one of the big internet backbones to set, so, is there a highn t mide of e cry w a be t signals are gerated she got on the phone a guy with the pickup truck from kansas city with the responsibility for

all of the reneration hatsnd preeto a hhias thmost people. this was the place they cannot. the key thing still is that basic idea this is the smaller unit, the fiber optic jumper cable that's literally filled with light. what's remarkable, the basic unit tod, already somela 0abesernt 'rlkabteng 100. even more remarkably in situations wherehey have multiple waveinks through a single sand of fiber. so immediately it does become this sort of massive number, but

ere are these yellow fiber optic cables. it comes together in buildings. this building is one of my farite60ud i wor t iernet is a networkf networks and tell about these places where one now working connect to another 's aeryross. 's aut a big refrigerator-like machine with blinking lights and yellow cables connected to it and rong and the ceiling and down into the cage into their our another network. therethe acouhtnk.ou d o buildings that are by far the most important. mission by the fact that the places where more networks need in seattle that is the question building.

kno it' t next, very next tier of most important buildings . this thing that is interesting about it, they are tound as a olis. ld ah sur d can'ju whatan and there are not yet breweries to outdoors, but you can, because there are the places where neorks me there are a lot of conversation aut or rk, where en aorkesw can physically connect one to another. a lot of that conversation happens along of their relatively small group of 300 netwk engineers gather and of the banner of a group called the heou cngorican network opetors conferences, the literally go to conferences to network. they do about three times a year

. the social ties is so important and drink a lot of beer a fi o- tru e he eyurut. if so, does it make sense for me to connect my network to your network? perhaps i should connect my nwo to your netrk a pay you as well i aut tse inreing the other engineer to make sure that things are working properly in order to create this the work of now works bungum.ppens i thenoous the part that end of the most is that at some point it hitshe dirt at some point these bldin e ecto t.ey rov

e geogrhy i v specific. this room is called of fire or vault. if the rest of these buildin are like walking into machines, hiei and an incredibly overwhelming in the arm and, when you walk into this room is hot and still unspecified tareq because this is where the fibers th a prl is inn virginia. if most of these important buildings are in capitals tre are few and liars enne tki about airin as if it were one of these big cities when it is an unincorporated severed.

the key is the buildin on bk th apounys because this is a place where so many networks are meeting you end up with is parasitic gaerrothortfre data centers rion dot ps wi e networks need. you can see the aircraft carrier like buildings around a handful of buildin at the center. a piece of the book w rpd t bl'eye icntthap of this and a red concentric circle around it. the company that of ts building all week were tweeting, we are the bull's-eye of america's internet it pvides anndurn

th arope feeding for network equipmentuch networks can come and connect one to vienna and t ecve ti, the undersea cables, the cables of the really connect continence. if a satellite is a technology of last resort for internaonal trfi eayav tse cs ss oan, tennant will cost him lentic, the thickness of a garden hose and very easy to comprehend. inside uallyor t nder and a plastic wrapper and a copper rapper that sendslectricity to the wire to power the repeaters.

ishi i tetth nlo. pipsy there is all this fantastically complex material technology and processing technology and for error correction, all these complicated out rhythms, but the clres i a ldi s talk to weigh in some seaside never had. at 21 that the addition. it is that a dimension,he-mr,0-t seems almost impossible to comprehend. then there's a man hole like this, being a particularly beautiful one which came out of this question, is there a nhole on the beach with a tablelands e. what is so remarkable, the

cables often stretch between the same places. tegr c a oen yoisn onngew or. always trash in the same path. want to see one of these cables being billed, which was a sort tran cle b in teneanthe years. this is my friend, simon cooper, who of all communicator with telephone them. rentor the communications wing of the big industrial conglomerate the undersea cable

enlyenhm i domat ey all started at the beginning of the bill about 20 years ago. he has this incredibly expensive geographic imagination. peleornndow rk a . they started adding pieces to it until they had essentially a continuous slump are the world. you can buy a wavelength of one directn or another. eeike bl iny of thinking about the geography of your, but his job, because the prices are always falling on the transatlantic and pacific routes ha mnt pel insioutes wch a a . three years seal africa had one cable down the west coast.

now that three dozen. it was one of thoseles that wh i d yavnybe installed. bl landing, being constructed cent and he said lion.w croyou posted. a little after 9:00 on monday morning this guy walked out of water carrying a lightweight nylon line that was the first link between landnd sea d tl the line on the beach. they brought it out to this cable link ship. the bulldozers started to pull the cable and. it was floated on these orange police. wog.heng

once the cable was in place the guy in a wet suit, a spanish and water construction worker , walked back into the surf and thle wl p hethe boomoff water. it would drop. he would do that th whole way, and then they give him jce and ok andn k. adar ain a teeach. that was the first piece that particular place. once the cameras or thin strip back the kind of extra layers of to cutting better on the cable ovndinrsro rni which meant that these big guys with tattoos and hacksaws start hacking away at the cable first getting a

steel mesh out and the working a little bit more delicately to get the -- to take the plastic sheetingnd finly w heibwrey' siheesr. accusing them with a hole punch machine that kind of each and together. when you see the guys comin at the internet with a hacksaw rttom otes tndrpuslo. and then when they tie this up the put a steel cage surrounded onbar.hoavtot isds what is remarkable, it is -- you know, technology, again,s in a lib b physically

beat in gross terms and culturally the same as it has been for 100 years. a picture from the telegraph archives which essentially is thexame tto engeer the cable coming upon the beach. and in with the process is done ipteed oiltifo days down the coast of africa pain the cable off over the back, and then the people in this village, you know, life goes back to normal. ey put mhole cerack fo. w sd, is that doesn't seem right to me. it seems like we should be talking about this.

every time we talk about the cloud, but obviously the cloud is not a c. we give up some responsibility in for dinner gonna when in fact we should be having a conversation about what that s no wtinh a s abmyito to data centers which of the first round of data centers of the number one and number two must visit website, facebook and google both of whom madthe same cisi toui tirir ceer i ctrre not quite in the same place. but for most of the same reasons . if they a exchange points are anon tnrsree majorits t

polls. they get there where we are or round these exchange points in places like virginia or silicon valley or go to the place where it's most efficient for them to be picilow. abt wistosewot was so striking ac the degree to which facebook sought instead to center as a showpiece. a big celebration for facebook cong inh t inat nrin ny ashtf flight but was definitely bring the spirit. it turns out apple has moved in across street. the massive buildings.

s othalar. it is as much power -- uses more power than the eire county it it tceth du aeft. you get a sense of coming of the air if. coming out of the landscape. fore i went to the honoras going to be an industrial ig ase. for facebook it has really become a showpiece. there is a joke to be made. playing fast and loose with the privacy, eode an idea that this belongs to you.

the things in here are, in part, yours. so you have a building that is a real hot rod,ne of the most efficient data cte bau grnd apted iten a possible. in its really a pro with the most pitiful dacenter university. most look like as the uerbelly e tsets represents a terror bite hard drive. even been there, knowing that it's difficult to make the leap beeen knowing ton nafehehi ats cta, the announcement of new babies in new jobs and deaths in knowing exactly here

. eapf igi qued. it's a start. nice to know that it's actually there. the library analogy is to get one. wheebhaenherience atsxaos doors and spend an entir day answering questions and making sure i understood, which had been the case as well and dozens and dozens of the other pieces the internet th i go ied msf i was essentially given a tour of the parking lot. when i said, well, can you tell me a bit about what's calling on inside? is said to i'm sehat' io hill itotet w ar it continued to play out as farce with a visit to the

vegetable patch. and iselicious lunchf salmon this invitation for each person that had been invited to lunch to tell me how much in lig workman google. the degree to which this was the gown wire ong the dozens of dozens of places genhe iotatement of organizing in distributing the will of the information and a sense that i had that they should be held to a higher standard. given how much we entrust the, that trust was net ers nsthalle alof'teeean this. i like the dozens of other network engineers to maksure i understood. ..

i passed the bonneville dam, whicis a fortress, these huge cave off the highway and ou sir go through the gates of the army corps of engineer cad searches your car and th we'd see win. ce rnthe certain museum and they say fish flattery. you can watch the fish in the sense that the complicated 75

plus years of historare discussed in presented and sow icifrtrr,d shredthis mebes ll us. it seems as if this is certainly a sensitive pace. certainly this is a place that has a security issue. this is clear in every piece of it. ats eaerii hoe san e'seweuld know what goes on in there. of course google is a private company and the argument that there is a competitive advantage to keeping their enterprises makes a lot of sense. but it alsort hi mue given to google and other companies and how much we've get into the internet. so it's that sense of openness that i sort of kept in minand shcr.rsh b oing at

th you. [applause] i'm happy to take a few questions an esseho yo want.f >> in your book, you will do to a couple different problems at telofig dinosaurs when the skin came off. i've always kept in mind and opens child airwaves- viy ttm o wc wwhw where, why. what do you think the internet needs now?

>> who, wh, wh, hr,h whea uatoi i inet is treated as a cloud type system. what is the question people should be asking most mr. that the people now? >> for me the first question was yoo,we s the second question is what is that? the third question is why is it here? the why is this year was amazing and that he was a human story. fa f egap wit a 60 hatsale and elbow of lower manhattan offer telecommunications in the first way to town. but thenthere's alwys a charismatic salerson, was summono inhest nekst ndn neksldt to come.

i was with this very dramatic blue lights in sort of really good snack are all of the hearing to an aesthetic rune si at gald savo thas itaa el like now -- for me having looked at the way her and the white an the who, the sort of how of what elsehey uld be asking of the iternet th rne tre compelling. tubes is almost descriptive, but it's an interesting thing to think about what the prescriptive possibilities are. at the momentyou can by 30 diennd fans of m ys wabue pbllyh one choice of internet. so we're sort of follow eating the equivalent of iceberg letters. so i feel like there is a

whinet fwb that shdbe h ok like. >> you mentioned that weakness of the wire. it's about that of a garden hose. wh's t preutn to make ceedotisd e >> the undersea caes are about that fate. they do give separating damaged. you know, whether by tracking unu cle broken.ne the most famous cases in 2006 taiwan and was on there major earthquake has suffered 658 cables connecting southeast asia and the internet was essentially oc fi os w w w traffic spam and major

consequences. and to fix it you have to send a ship ot over te side impending tthitrt side and in that instance there was multiple breaks on multiple cables. in terms of percussions it's inreti use esskby rm or there's a group called the international cable protection committee whose job it is essentially to announce where the cables are rather than hiding the broadcast were the cables are so anchors don't breakthem wn etn th itscu and risk of the cables that people who operate the cables have versus sort of sou are your routes. the most striking example was i was getting ready to visit a asketo sak wh thheadoand i wa

cu and onow, were happy to have you do this. we want to share how this works, but we ask that you not publish the location of the landing station. if you enter the name of the company and the talented ba, bired ogo mon tts, n o only that, but the fcc license, the lincoln license for this cable is a matter of public record. the secrecy is not very -- it is the key to it at >> what kind of vulnerability atedthere r travelers setiorti cables?

>> the point of biggest concern are the places where the networks need, big major buildings. but an, e hs a pctionio tw networks, these companies that own the buildings are eager to announce where they are so everybody knows to spare so they can connect their networks. its just not a very -- it se n 'igma a whole lotf ils, difficult to destroying any wholesale way. and more th that, it's not as if hitting sme piece of them would have said major impact on the internet. so you're perceived astying ken b on a neks morning. so there isn't a lot of -- certainly thee are secure places, but it's as much because a single rack might have $75,000 with adequate and rather than foterrorist reasons. hi efdh got theg om

internet, people operating internet exchange points come to less concerned they were talking about where they were because th recognize hiding them is not the way to do it. it'sitrng oge an dallas had until very recently not had the satellite image on google maps had been scrubbed, not just old, but in this growth i have to admit i wa recently dippoiedily ge bsese ofe lps had been scrubbed and so it's not clear image. there's only a scientist at baltimore to inustries. based by us have a big sign. so theecurites,eo e aor cuts, real successful attacks on the internet that actually had a big

effect was in silic valey essentially all the right cables in the manhole and it was determined to be out of the unio dispute until someone knew exactly which cables to cut. so the terrorist threat is certainly for cberterrorism, con thylohe g infrastructure. >> could you talk a little about the economics? were all interested in the cable, the end of the undersea cables. thayr bu thell so- economics of leasing the usage of how long the cable and et soe wy a tumbler and

we sort of lose sight of that because we pay at home and a lump sum and just assume the government and maybe that's cat or mybe a distant, but embedded in night a all of e other en foronnections betwe or a thhell appears. the sted for each beginning to what it needs back. in reypspacific cables ar l t'sou of big consortia of itunes that have a decade ago that these cables together and the water, whih is usually somewherewn 3- l oar era uple boutique firms that only a cables and a couple that owned companies and they

reg,as aaithe basic unit, mb f gg second with claims of light as bright as google. google or facebookne big global networks of the road and that a big eugh level theyare so lsing 10ga p son they'll all either have agreements are all by capacity on each others the giggles. if one cable is cut, giardia space reserved on other cables is back. dhpothnlsh ruecables like to say that the capacity as cheap as chips. as i was getting cheaper because if at the moment the major time and again it is this 10 gigabit per second wav, you ca wich t are alei enth ts l keac wrigley's gum and

are incredibly done some cost about as much as a lptop so you can pop up to 10 gigabit per second once and put in a 40 gigabit per second one and spend a t timeunthe vengthe af ger cord and then suddenly your cable has four times more capacity. so the new cable being built next year isn't because other cables are filled, but is actually a shortroue. to appeal to the wall street trading firms that essentially are heert trash based on the price differences between new york and london. being two or three milliseconds closer to thotr city is carth the w $3 milon >> could you speak to the begiing of the internet, where

it bega, how as firs ec s hirsy wd daic easr. i gan at the beginning. i egan with the first physical piece of the internet. there's an intellectual history about a paage which third idt'a twkshs connection that could pass a smaller base between places, but my sort of relentless focus was on the physical plces. and in that light, there is -- it turned out thathe first piece of the internet, he fir chard h amus f ucla labor day weekend 1969 and the guy who is a prfessor, thundercloud rockers lab was coming to a still there today. he'sn the same offic mae, ifa ss processor was until recently under a bunch of coffee

cups in the conference room across from his office and he's finally succeeded in turning it into the pine ck histor readg ro, whi n't thkpace where the internet -- he likes to say, took his first press with a connection from their to the stanford research institutememo part, which was the first to notice of the arpane whic was fi nrkathen becametwork tt the internet when other networks were attached to it at this moment when the lingua franca was established between all these different networks has wh i -- this is what a networks communicate and you still see that when you enter at home. without with a network networks in the arpanet connected to the physicist not nek.etwos be h the emng

d t wl gore. [laughter] actonel, who sponsored the key piece of legislation that in the way privatize the internet d allowed other privately owned th9 96.ork obo >> you mention buildings for these networks where they come together. further real estatecomanies atesin bldth dianas them? >> just come to some very lucky ones. a couple of thebuilding -- i was in portland yesterday in portland has this great internet guoagt.and w talkin o dnee tntt bd here and i don't think i mentioned the internet has this very specific smell, this burnt toast smell and it

was great to what back into the building and there was the same smell. the home of cnn or nt e lebuhwcy the orders field that they sort of have been into this building. the building became the key interconnection point in portland, essentially the dominant spot in oregon where the nernemes, hc i ed aubl you know, you're charging rent for both the cage, but also charging rent for what's cald the cross connection between one cage in the other. so his buildingison- oerecisely, that equinox is essentially in the real estate business. they own the land and i wasn't surprised to see that it mashburn they paid their underlying row inmates. beoe.an

c mitosthe street. it's like a coral reef and that piece of dirt is incredibly important. but you kno, the la around ashburn is incredibly valuable fora >>yor book, you include churchill, how we ceate our buildings and our buildings create us. in terms of te architecture some of thcituan ifuigst ssinepnt itret ben created. these tubes, what are they doing to us? i ma yainis aia eratas ngchh physical world was living entirely in front of the screen. one of the great pleasures of

visiting the internet was that when you visit the internet you are not on the internet. i put my phone in my gai ayhendnt d teoint ge v satisfying. that is sort of one way of thinking about it. my sense of where the internet is going -- another way of nekse o impossible to disappear. if it disappears in its current form, there's two were networks to connect in that the internet, ere's a great mr untrue oratet. doknfonw this, but imagine there was another internet for a split there were only 100 people. anytimene person must be abidedy my person so he was tired so he started an internet within the nteet. itlwor ngic, sort of compact see

what is this big think we spent l of her money on? >> the thing is concerned about principally as this acceleration inonctss hhindence and cin auan being and individually and collectively. >> o of the -- dk aino er. one thing i was really struck by and you talk about the churchill quote that the buildings shape us solve this inastu itllnly new. and were just -- some of the newest buildings are the ones that are the most monumental that seem to say --hey seem to

want to express in these places the ideals of the ings that ldtebtekat er aa reuig of london called tele- house. he looks like a show that. so it is meant to celebrate going on inside them is the key ilding in london. but the thing that is soewhat go fit, i'y struck by these books humanness. i'm very struck by the idea that the building seems to represent andea -- this ideal that it's about o at nt thsh bbrr that. i was struck in the opposite direction by google is in humanness, theense this is entirely machine, enter the algorithm driven an thi isn't t cosibu eaouesafo isipet

information. so that's a big idea. >>ere stut oie, w hthe la question. >> i'm one of these people who doesn't really understand a lot of the physics of this. and i sort of ha te dath waaima tgh the air and not through the fiber optic fiber. and the picreoesren d ouon al screen the fire brought the fire brought the firebrought >> certainly. the >> you >>ertainly.

the >> you taught me omething. i k hosthe event. [applause] >> for more information, visit the author's website, trant our ce bo 'sint eper of 2012. lynn povich is beyond her and 's called "the good girls revolt." who were the gd gls? >> waago g ntwo aewk" te hired "newsweek" just as researchers. we're basically fact checkers and all the guys were reporters d writers. and we stayed and we fact check them out one daywe ra ersmthwo itthi picture. i'm a david "newsweek" did a

cover story women in revolt, 46 of us do them for discrimination. >> was the tiing accidtal pctec wn' a s going through. >> he worked at "newsweek" from 65 to next saturday. at what point did you check to other women in the office? >> warteorganizing in the fall f 1969 e orfs our situation wa only called didn't believe the so-called espn said yes it's illegal to call female research category. as their oganizing nws citod ovrs e mehaerre me bypass. so for the first time they went out side the magazine and hired a woman from outside. we thought the day they publish well announced. they are pked all over the

d aiay, london and i made a bi splash. >> how long did this situation last? >> they immediately wanted to negotiate and they settled in august same day ad o ot eatry lnd i a a e gain in 1972. first lawyers powderhorn's norton from the district of columbia. second was herriot rat who went on to represent in "the new york times" after us. "wshon post" center corporate lawyer to negotiate with us in on the show telephoning e one deputy secretary of atw for president johnson. so we settled finally and spring 7 wtoedro i time the timetables. we had a third of the writers and reporters to be women and a

third of the researchers tbe a man. >> what was your career trajectory? se n 1975.ave beewse awmn and in august of 75, i was promoted to that position. so i was the first benighted arachnids beat. o s,upo enwhe d he nd the beast, came of age in the 60s and ultimately challenged all the things were raised to believe what implements role is in the wrd ane ctatha e. yowo today.r >> as the senior editor, you become part of management, don't you? was that difficult for you? >>ou know, them ho was erpo teen

mi management in organization is for a lot of discrimination to place. the added airing was a convert the cause very quickly. the other senior editors had a very hard time i'm a man h iet riorm ede when i was in the meeting says a senior editor, the first woman in a meeting filledwith non, it was really hard for me. i had to learn t speak up and i had to learn to fight for my story. led afdmnto n claimed they were fighting for their writers are actually very passive and the story of us reject it. they came back and separate file for your survey, but in fact there were a lot o passes and you've reazeh pasvean e l. s oeag experience. >> have a over the years change from one end? >> is that mh better. it's no longer a research story.

young men and women are hired andnt brown took er a h or f fe or in chief in 2011. >> first newsmagazine for time or "newsweek," first female editor in i. ar still subtle kinds of discriminations to make it harder f young women today, that still exist often about stgeg d ttition not beenne st nd pces where men still write for. there's still a lot to be do in the workplace in general as well as in journalism. i just heard a report this rning that saimen wr tefal oat n caof rsire

miurses and secretaries. they are rising faster than female occupations than women@o are. >> is there a reason? >> i think the perception of man dow they can seem pe s xs still think women have putting themselves forward. >> what if you learned over the years about making sure that your voice is heard? >>ha eed o a fod to put other women forward and their ideas. i have also learned not to be put off by style. a lot of women styles are very modest and humble and a lot wee to get beyond saying who looks like they can do the job and who is really