on weather and climate. big trouble with that. what we do need to make sure is we are basing our decisions not on computer models but on actual beijing and measuring and as the last point that was just made it here in the kennedy that's vital link important is that the models can be get screwed up by whoever is putting information into the computer because they can get out of the computer whatever they want. but if we actually have the data it's their role to do so. from instruments on the ground we ensure the information we are going to be a will to provide and measuring these water resources that we have, that can be used more effectively up puts us in a much more effective front by those plans and so from way of handling droughts and that standpoint, we try not to other natural challenges. just show off when it's happening but instead of work i take it from the testimony that we have had many droughts from the standpoint ensuring the plan can take full advantage of and minicycles. my family grew up in north the moisture monitoring of the dakota in the 1930's and i grew forecast and so on. up with all of these tales about where planning begins to take the great dust bowl and how they place from our standpoint is

improving the local assimilation couldn't even plan to their gardens because the dust to go for the whole farm. of data informs the national product such as the drought what i heard before i had to run monitor. down to the other hearing is the drought plans and water that we now are suffering the plants in many areas are not as worst drought since 1957. well linked and part of the rules to make sure they both well, 57 and the geological rolm received the same data and wasn't really that long, but it does show you that we are going information. from the water resources to face challenges of drought in management standpoint, we make certain or try to make certain in the areas that we've been a cyclical manner and if we are able to put early warning going to minimize the damage and systems the way they enter points of information in those the loss of wealth to our own plans or identify long up front so that we are not trying to people, we've got to have find them during the drought. alternatives established. what i want to ask about is the >> thank you very much. alternatives right now. >> i now recognize congressmen's do we still see clouds? met the gentleman from texas for we have determined the drought five minutes. >> thank you mr. chairman. i want to say that i concur with is going to last through the cycle another five years or the comments he made about the effect of the drought in texas. something. dubious equals? all the friends i have that what about taking water out of engage in the farm land in south the ground water? of course the point has to be texas have lost their crops because of the lack of rain and

mittal so we have to know exactly how much water is in the it literally looks like a ground water before we extract desert. i was their last weekend. first of all, doctor, i would and what about the massive like to compliment your way. decentralization by utilization of nuclear power which we the lower colorado river authority in texas that you are familiar with has told me that haven't produced one new nuclear power plant in 40 years and perhaps nuclear power has water they very much appreciate your that can help us get through willingness to assimilate information to them come to the these cycles. landowners, to the farmers and so i thought i would throw those policy makers as well, and they questions about the potential of appreciate that a good communication. i would like to direct my the club's ground water and the questions to the other de-stalinization as a vehicle to panelists. i explain to do to defend the president's budget i'm not going offset these cycles that we are to ask a budget question but i going through and media i will start with my friend from irvine would like to ask the other panelists if they feel that in who i might add a proud the current budget proposal president of the county and from neither has received a high eminem f priority or should have my neighborhood i overlooked the university of irvine we are very been greater sense of urgency and greater priority given, and proud of what they are accomplishing and what you are contributing to the wellbeing of the country. >> i take that to mean that you mayor ballard we will start with will be watching me from now on.

you. >> that's a great question. [laughter] just to respond to some of your i'm not familiar with all that goes on but i would suggest to comments, we do need to look at a range of options in the future because we are going to be waters trust in many regions and so that is an option if we can you, sir anybody that can bring the energy cost down and mitigate the cost and the losses maybe its nuclear, maybe it's if you will in the last few something else. we have to -- the technology is months across the nation and as something that fighting is you mentioned last year also driving up the cost and then thinking about what to do but needs to be upgraded because it where we live, you know, it is saves all of us not only keeps an option. recycling of course we already people working but also increases the base for the do in orange county and we have a phenomenal said the and it's powers and states and the government eventually. never visited. that's right up there on my list so this could be why is in this with disneyland. so you made a good point about the ground water meaning we instance. >> do you feel what it's the high purity in the budget can't -- many people when we proposal? >> i don't know specific budget proposal but specifically, i discussed a renewable water resources suggest that we just would say that given the looked at the sort of difference billions of dollars and number between evaporation and precipitation and just use that of lives at stake but it's certainly deserves heightened and that is a great idea but it importance both in the budget doesn't work and that's why we

and just in terms of attention. see it sufficient. we have too many people and too i know drug doctor can talk more many water needs but you're point is a good one because we about the shortfalls and gaps in have to know how much water is the testimony so additional in the aquifer not just in the funds and resources would help united states but around the but get in the billions of world so we can manage our taxpayers' dollars that are going to go out to address this issue being able to avoid that extractions. it's like money in the bank. you don't want to blow it all at by having some kind of proactive one time. measures in place using drought >> thank you, mr. chairman, for outlooks for example would be extremely helpful. holding this very significant hearing. >> dr. bamiglieti? >> a good closing. the chair recognizes the >> de amine hyrum out? gentleman for five minutes. >> that and more emphasis >> so what does that make me? perhaps, higher priority. >> i make a comment in my written testimony that if nidis the cleanup? if she is the closer. is to play a coordinating role >> it depends on whether you then i think the amount of money walk through the road or not. that's been allocated is [laughter] thank you. sufficient. but to do a great job, you know, this has been wonderful because what underlies what dr. pulwarty for one thing he will seem to be is trying to accomplish is the given the same direction and i don't feel like you aren't giving misinformation that isn't

model from the model the need to based on politics it's based on science and on observation and be. >> it's a much greater -- that your goals are the same as most of ours. >> you are talking to someone who doesn't know about how much i have to say in defense of that budget is, so i would just say i little tiny small, i represent the sixth congressional district just north of the golden gate have to apologize. bridge in miranda and settlement >> i was going to guess the farm bill could always use more in that area. county and we believe and we >> last quick question. have a lot of farming that my is their anything -- let me farmers are college graduates start again with the panelists that answered this question. and are very high tech second is there any more that nidis generation of family farmers and should be doing? what other practical ranchers. improvements can be made in their programs? we know that it has its place in the system and that yes indeed >> it's easy to state i always southern california needs water liked more research, no question about that the laundry and more but we are not quite willing to give up what has been there all accurate. these years so it is going to be >> number one priority as well

we could get early warning a major battle but i think we systems especially for oklahoma can come up with working in place right away that would together the right solutions. be great among the general so, okay, my district, a new public critical to this generation they are high-tech because we have land trust that potential for your answers and i can't help but make a plug here because one of the great he planned and am i by buying the development right their spinoffs of the space program. ranches in the second generation of funds for updating their >> what you're talking about in the space program are interconnected and that is one of the great spinoffs that we barns for milk if they are had. >> thank you. milking cows or water systems if >> thank you, ms. lofgren of california for five minutes. they are growing grapes and they >> thank you mr. chairman. this is obviously a very timely know how when portend what you hearing and i think i'm hearing are doing is. general consensus from the panel they don't come to me and scream about getting rid of the epa. that when our chairmen and then colleague mark udall put i can't tell you that. they come to me and they begged together this scheme and actually has resulted in a good me to get the extension services thing, and it's been helpful,

extended, not cut back. they want the information with nidis, and i guess the question the can do planned for over the before us is can we make it even more useful to the country? next five years. so one of my questions to do is dr. bamiglieti. in order to relieve the uncertainty which is i love the chart in your testimony about the trends and fresh water farmers. their eyes are so clear because availability, what is the they get. brightest spot on the map in the most of it depends on mother polls, massive loss of i sat nature. but we are fooling around with both, which brings to the mother nature as human beings. forefront the question so many so, this drought monitoring, how americans have which is what is much of that can then come the rule on the climate change together to talk about to the weather that we are experiencing. if we are going to move beyond a prevention? how can we go the next step? coordinating role for nidis as one thing is knowing what's you suggest, how would we coming. let's just start with first integrate the climate change status as it is being collected dr. pulwarty and then go down

throughout the world into this the line a few well. >> thank you. mission that is nidis? one of the major things within the legislation, the original that is a huge challenge. >> that's right. 2006 was to provide information we are actually blessed in this for being proactive. country to have a great set of from that standpoint, there observations and so you are wasn't one of the research that supporting continuing those and comes in and says here let me tell you what happened. but in fact, getting closely increasing some of those would be greatly appreciated. engaged with how the state but i think the key thing is the localities and federal drought satellite mengin deily and water management plans were commissions like the chart being developed that they could take advantage of the present mentioned, and there is the future satellite mission soil information from our standpoint having the capabilities and the moisture mission that would training of the people and those agencies as well as our own on measure and would be great for how we transfer and communicate agriculture and flood prediction the information before hand is a big part of nidis. which i mentioned on tracking surface water storage changes >> thank you. i think i should refer to the over land. scientific experts. so i think one of the key >> okay. i just want to give you a chance. >> i may do that as well.

frontiers that underlines nidis >> if it comes down to me i was is to be able to integrate that riding up my answer. satellite information with our models and that is a huge task there's two parts. so, you were asking a little bit of the models and the production because the sensors make and increasing and decreasing measurements at different times and different spatial the uncertainties of there's resolutions and if you want to quite be no substitute for better models, better integrate the ground base measurement is a difficult problem but the central petraeus observations, better computers. too as a fellow californian that we have to take your observations of water in the welcome to to the committee, i sense that we are giving you a am wondering if you could recommendation and a simple way discuss how nidis might be used and we are a technologically in assessing complex planning that goes on, for example our advanced society certainly here in the united states so we could be doing a much better job. governor has made a proposal but the weirdest thing is critical and so i think it's relative to the sacramento delta things like the systems like given the amount of water that would be removed. nidis and its partners are implicit in that discussion it's essential in getting the message not just the water quality issue out. i don't know if, dr. pulwarty, but what's going to happen in terms of the water flow, the you have an ipad and iphone

application that it cannot in this discussion and is the kind impact on the ecosystem, the san of thing that can really help. francisco bay as well as the delta and the collapse. we take water for granted quite can this dw is not just for the a bit in this country coming and production of the drought for planning because that is i think it's seasons like the obviously important, but for a drought season that were starting to change back. broad assessment of how we are going to cope. >> just calcium of server i >> absolutely. that is what i'm talking about. don't know what he would do for so the tight integration of say prevention but i think awareness california high resolution just as this gentleman said, computer models of the water making people aware of water and cycle for california integrated its importance to their lives with the ground-based and not just assuming it will always be there but to take measurements would give the very best available picture of what's happening in the snowpack and precautions and prevention on how to utilize water and not the screen flow and the soil waste it and making people moisture and what's happening aware. when it rains they've stopped, with the ground water. once we have that, we can get so that is just the issue but that to the department of water resources to the governor's scientifically i have no idea office and say this is what we about the prevention. see and we can also do some >> how about the farmer's predictions in the future about

planning options based on the almanac? best available science. >> i think it is a guesstimate. >> finally, in terms of planning options coming and you may not be able to answer this question, >> thank you, mr. chairman. >> thank the gentlelady and for the people that don't know this but. is the last year. she's been a very good member of this committee. she's always acted like she it's the worst-case analysis i fall back in a 95 when they did doesn't like me but i think she really does. [laughter] the first modeling. we are going to miss her. how far out, given that the that concludes our question, but reality that exceeded the i told you why was going to give you a practical answer some of you can give next time you prediction on climate change could reduce the models you are testify in the senate or some talking about? >> it's a very difficult other lesser body than this one. question and i think once you go it is a practical matter you can past few decades, the use that i will learn the hard uncertainty grows but you can way. on was caught with a hose in my see a general trend this and hand on a friday on the on the think about options and plan a day you could water was on range of options it's just the uncertainty gets greater in the wednesday. i looked over there in the car with black-and-white and an future. there is a difference between officer walking towards me with forecasting like what's going to

the holding back hoes and it turned out that a lady that just happen in the next week or the moved in the neighborhood saw me next month and long term with a hose and she must have planning. so with the forecasting very been a democrat but she called similar to what dr. pulwarty is the city had told him the congressman was out there working on we can see what you wondering if this wasn't a get in a year there's not much watering day. he had to come so he walked up to me and said i hate to do it value. but from the planning and sort but i have to give you a ticket. of future perspective, thinking i said no i'm not going to get a about the possibility of what ticket he said you are no different than anybody else. will happen with water resources i said yes, i'm different. in california or the western i'm a little bit different in u.s. we can go out a few decades the situation. he said it disappoints me to and start to think about what hear you say something like might happen and plan for that. that. my dad is your campaign manager >> my time is expired. at his way to kill me. >> thank you. i recognize dr. harris from i said take this goes. i took his hand and said now maryland for five minutes. start walking. we walked about 25 yards back >> thank you mr. chairman. with regards to predicting the that's where i have a 25-gallon outcome decades out in the tank and i kept that water off my own road it was 600-gallon report let's just remember the tank from a swimming pool 2012 ipcc report on managing the together and of the house. that's the practical way to use

disasters to advanced climate change indication concluded the water that falls and i let it go on down the gutter. that, "there's low confidence in the attribution of changes and he said ironclad. drought of the level symbol and i was, too. regions deutsch of the evidence and we might just need more but there you have a way. evidence that they went on to people can go to their houses say in north america there was and save the water god gives us median confidence that there is and use what he gives us and an overall slight tendency towards less dryness, and of that gave a good practical use. quote. take that one home. so just in case some members or thank you all very much. some folks want to say that there is definite connection and and witnesses for your very valuable testimony and members of this committee have additional questions and respond that this climate change has some definite longstanding to its get it in writing and effect this is the ipcc. helped to give the response for that. the record will remain open for this is not an antienvironmental two weeks for additional comments. we thank you once again very group coming out saying there is much. we are adjourned. a medium confidence but there's an overall slight tendency. i can't see more hedging than >> congress is considering that but anyway, let me ask in several measures to help those affected. we talked to a "new york times" your testimony you spoke to the reporter for details. adverse impact the drought can have on the crops in the farm

land and how it will affect the >> nixon right in "the new york price of corn, feed stock and times" about possible congressional measures on the related agricultural commodities drought situation in the u.s. to now i will tell you as you are get how much of the nation's farmland is being affected by well aware, corn went over $8 of the current heat and drought? bushel if it wasn't earlier this week it was last week record >> the usda added about 76 additional counties last week high coming and we know the bringing a total of 1300 plus price of gas just went up. affordability is becoming a problem for more americans evade counties declaring them a even those who have jobs. natural disaster areas because of the drought. they say look, things are not that's over 31 states. it's particularly hard hit in affordable. the price of fact not only places like iowa, kansas, directly the price of food but in terms of livestock in two nebraska, places like that, and that is where the bulk of the ways. it raises the price of grain and the other is you lose livestock soybean and wheat production mark and the crops are being they don't raise as much because heavily hit by the drought and it is no longer profitable to the livestock production is also being heavily hit. raise livestock. >> what did the speaker say on is that correct? friday about the possible house is that what we are going to see in the next few months if the action in the coming week? >> he said the house began working on the legislation to

price is direct and in livestock indirectly are going to increase and become even less affordable for americans? prepare some type of disaster >> it is anticipated that will release. it's not clear whether that is happen only because the price going to be an entire farm bill or if it is going to be a gets so extremely high that the standalone provision that would farmers and ranchers cut back on help particularly the livestock their numbers and market them in the short term there will be a producers because they have been downturn in some of the pricing hit the hardest to some degree for some of the meat if you are by the drought. talking about the meat there were provisions in 2008 specifically. but in the long term if they fan that were still under that would out in order to rebuild it takes have provided some relief to the years or for cattle would takes years to reverse and poultry is livestock producers, b thos expired last year. a little quicker turnaround on so there is increased pressure matt and is kind of in the for the house to do something middle. and the senate passed the farm so it could affect it in the bill earlier, and there was hope long term and that is an the house might do so but so far unfortunate outcome of the they haven't brought it to the drought because we lose the cash floor for a vote. profit of the grain and then the >> he mentioned the senate passing the bill. farmers who are feeding can't is there any pressure now on the house to at least pass a afford it so they cut back on their hurt and there is less short-term measure of the farm

meat out there. bill or is this strictly looking >> we know the gentleman from like it is going to fall on the texas brought it up and the category of disaster relief? chairman i'm sure is well aware >> there's a couple options. of it this is what happened to when i talk to the house the price of beef. agriculture committee, and i was in the storm over the weekend as we all go to the talked to some people in the store over the weekend and its leadership, there were some that different over the last couple of years because the american were being considered. herds have been thin. one is a stand-alone disaster bill that would provide some now, doctor, let me ask you because hopefully if we could relief to those areas hard hit predict with some confidence by the drought. even in the short term even in the season harm we knew what the second thing is an extension of the current farm bill which sections and we are growing in could be six months or a year the grain so we could make and that would extend. against some of the prices -- it expired in 2008. the reason this is important is there's an article in this i mean september 30 is, but they morning's wall street journal would just extend that for reporting that one of the largest haul the producers in another year and the programs the united states is going to expired last year that would buy its grangemouth from brazil. help the livestock producers the so we the grain exporters of the world now war going to in part house could simply just act on because the price is so high. its own version of the bill that so what is your -- what are the was passed out of the committee

folks doing to talk to the folks early this month but so far the at the epa to say we diminished, house leadership has not brought we can predict we are going to it to the floor for a vote and have a drought and the price of corn make over $8 what we are was thought that nothing was going to have been going into going to do is drive our the recess but the drought has production overseas and we are changed that. >> in your talks with members of going to have the price of gasoline go out and fuel because the agriculture committee and the department officials is there any indication of how much the renewable fuel standard. worse the drought problem is we are going to have the price of beef go up and chicken and expected to become? >> i think they are taking a serial, breakfast cereal. wait-and-see approach right now. have you been talking to the there is some forecast for rain folks to say wait a minute why in that area that they held that doesn't the administration talk about controlling the affordability of things like gas may hold soybeans, corn not so and food by thinking of maybe freezing their renewable fuel standard because could you have predicted this two months ago? could you have predicted the fact that it looked like they were going to rise a couple months ago? >> in answer to the question the main groups that we work with from that standpoint is the usda and we look to other parts of the world for where the ideas

are happening in the purchasing can be much less from our standpoint. in terms of the near future we can say something about the persistence of drought and the midwest and the upper midwest and maybe the release in the southeast. from that standpoint, the major collaborator has been the of agencies such as the corps engineers reclamation and the usda. but not of the ban on low flow water quality issues during drought. >> if i might take ten more seconds why not since the renewable fuel standard is what is combined with the drought and causes koren to be $8 a bushel. spike the major role of nidis is to produce an information system allows people to have the accessible information they need to make their decisions we do not make recommendations about what they should be giving.

>> thank you mr. chairman. i hope to send something over to the epa. thanks. islamic the chair recognizes mr. mcnerney the gentleman from california. >> thank you. i think it is an important information. in my mind it's critical the program's be in place to provide critical information and support and i really delighted to see many of my republican colleagues agree on this. can you give an idea how accurate programs such as nidis candian providing drought early warnings? >> yes. nidis, what underlies nidis are the weather prediction models, so we won't be doing that much better with drought prediction than we well on our short and medium-range weather predictions. so in that sense, the problems

that underlie or the way to increase or improve our drought liability forecasts are the same that we need to do to prove the weather forecasts. i think that we can realize great decreases in uncertainty manly by integrating available measurements both on the ground and from satellites into the model. so i think that we can get our uncertainties -- at some point we will be moving out from having much more reliability in the forecast sort of the next horizon. >> you mentioned needing the realistic modeling in the national water model. that includes the dhaka from the satellites. is that right? what else do we need besides those additional pieces? >> some of the key things that are missing and this is an important question because it

draws a link between the doctor is talking about the gist route predicting the drought and the word that we do in our research group which is sort of understanding what happens to the water. many people really could don't realize we do not have a national scale water model that can help us predict the stream flow in any of the major rivers of the united states. we don't have a national model that can tell us how much water is in the aquifer and the coastal plains or the central valley. we don't have that. so that is something that is absolutely essential to take the step from the occurrence of the drought to knowing how much water is available. >> one of the things you said that kind of strikes me as we can lead the world in long-term water management understanding. how would we get there? >> i think with help from you

come and encouraging more research funding for the agencies like the national science foundation but also there's a lot of potential benefit in public private partnerships there's a lot of resources available and there's a lot of technology, so i think the time is right for those partnerships because we can really surge ahead. >> thank you. i know noah was hurt by the cutoff of the satellite system, and i would expect that would impact this program as well. >> i'm actually not familiar with that satellite that you are talking about things. >> you are familiar with that could you address that a little bit? >> the addition of the

information that provides shorter-term risk analysis is some of the satellites provided. helping us understand when a drought might end from the standpoint of whether or not you get heavy rainfall and that was one of the contributions. >> it seems what you're talking about needs consistent reliable research data and information cutting off programs like that is going to set us back. these programs have long term items that take six months, nine months, years to plan ahead for those purchases so you needed my opinion it's just a reliable budget so you know what to plan for and how to use the resources available not just traditional sources but the consistency of resources. >> mostly we operate on a three to five years at best average

three-year funding cycles at best the five-year funding cycle and it's a tough to get any more momentum. >> thank you. i yield back. >> the chair recognizes the gentleman from michigan for five minutes. >> thank you, mr. chairman. thanks for being here this morning. it was great to hear from you all. my question is for mrs. langenfelder. as you go, i represent michigan where agriculture is an important part of our economy we have to orchards, dairy farms and a lot of businesses that support those farmers and i am impressed with the results of the research and the data that nidis has been able to produce, but i'm wondering how individual farmers to can best use this data. i'm a friend of farmers and one to support farmers in any way i can in my district but do you

feel like they are up to speed on this? to the have the technology and the information they need to implement the data or use it effectively? >> the data would be what we are interested in and also the content we discussed earlier and yes, most farmers if they want to stay of business they try to stay over technology and information and do learn about those kind of things they need to use and your allies in order to stay in business. >> did they find you access to the state or help you get your information? you know, the internet and all the things come on smart phones and things like that my sons and daughters are quite natural with it unlike their parents. >> you don't access it yourself then?

>> personally, no. >> that's all i worry about is the education of farmers that they have day-to-day access, do they know how to do it, are they talking to those guys to the islamic certainly there's education to help quite a bit in education to the farmers and they get a lot of publications and to get information and monthly or weekly reports from the conservation service and from extensions. so there is updated information out there and if they are internet savvy they are certainly on top of that. >> did you have a comment? >> thanks for the question. one of the major contributions this traced to make is by working with the national drought mitigation center with a services on helping communities, local folks become more

conversant than we put on the web and more critically how to use that information. to say that we have national coverage and really working with folks of that level isn't true. but what we have come a set of programs with the mitigation center and extension services on creating what we call the drug communities whose role is to be able to access and get guidance on the use of the information. >> thanks. mr. strong, what lesson does oklahoma learn that you could share with the committee that supports farmers such as what methods have been more successful than others, is their reformation the could be more timely and are there specific programs within this that are especially valuable? >> sure. one of the great successes of nidis has been the integration of and coordination with other

agencies and gathering that data. and i think the program i would say is still in its infancy only after five or six years, but already we have seen great gains in that regard so when we talk about how can farmers actually access this information, the weatherman for example in a state and agricultural states like oklahoma are rock stars. those are the guys most people pay attention to when they watch the nightly news but now folks are starting to learn and the producers on the ground are starting to learn they can access even more information related to the droughts which have been set up through integration of noah with scientists and land grant universities that sort of thing helping to get the word out and helping our farmers and producers be a will to get better access to that data information. there's still a lot to be made in that regard as well and

hopefully an additional six years or more of a nidis will help us be able to get that valuable information out to the farmers and producers so they can make sound decisions and investments in advance if not a year in advance about what to plan and that sort of thing. >> it looks like an out of time but i would like to see this continue upslope respect the chair recognizes the gentle lady from oregon for five minutes. >> thank you very much mr. sherman. to begin with thank you all for coming to testify today. the district i represent the first congressional district in orie and is home to some diverse agricultural missions and while we may not today be facing the same conditions, that are being experienced in places like the midwest and other places in the country, i want to assure you that we are certainly interested

in the conversation that we're having here today i would like to take some of my time to talk about nidis end of the cooperative extension services. the services play a vital role in my community and across the country by linking the agricultural research and the communities and farmers that rely on the local extensions to get information. the thousands of extension offices across the country bring the expertise of the land grant colleges to their communities and surrounding regions in the data that nidis provides is viewed by extension professionals to help my constituents plan for weather conditions. so we have a prevalence of specialty things like blueberry, hazelnut, making extension service is even more important. for example of low wheat growers may flow directly or the commission to learn about the nidis prediction, but the specialty crop growers often go

directly to the extension service is for information and some of the office is even specifically have information about the specific crops but the constituents the reductions to the extension services and the fy 13 appropriations for the department of art and culture and although you may not know the details of those proposed reductions, i wondered especially, dr. pulwarty, one of the topics to discuss is the collaboration with extension services as he worked to develop a network of state based drought information coordinator scum and i know ms. langenfelder, you describe that and mr. strong, the importance of the services and of the land grant universities. so considering this, can you describe how the reductions in the budget prevents like extension services what impact of drought preparedness and response to agricultural communities across the country?

>> it is organics itself. one of the things it helps support in the drought research is the oregon climate center out of oregon state university. in addition, the big part of the role is to interact with the people that provided the information to the extension services. any capability we have to get them to the level of which the drops are declared that the level increases the value of the information to the american people. >> thank you. >> you are nodding your head. >> i was just an agreement. it's important to keep the extension service available and it is integral to the success of utter culture in most across the country really. >> thank you i very much. mr. strong and dr. bamiglieti, wanted to ask you both mentioned the hydrological cycle human behavior to ignore the of

drought and of water resources are depleted and the situation is dire. how can we break the cycle? what can we do about that? >> education and outreach is the key. you talked about extension service, land grant universities, i mentioned that. that's why they are also critical in that regard helping people understand that this is not just something that's going to go away and never come back. this is something that happens in oklahoma every year and how do we best prepare for it? so i think that is key as far as i am concerned. >> first of all, i wanted to say that you had me at blueberries and hazelnuts. [laughter] we think that this affair amount and one of the things we come to is people need to understand where their water is coming from and if they understand where the water is coming from and what is happening to that particular

source then they will understand the long-term availability. so in southern california, we have water from the sierra and it's decreasing and we use ground water and import water from the colorado river basin. where nidis i think will help people understand the long-term. >> thank you. we also have some fine vineyards in my district i would be remiss in not mention. thank you mr. chair i yield back. estimate the chair recognizes the gentleman from new york for five minutes. >> thank you mr. chair for the hearing. i think it is so timely to the witness is the input has been valuable. mr. strong mentioned the work with interregional integrated site as an assessment group. ortiz regional groups addressing options for adaptation? and if so is this a rule that should be strengthened?

>> we have a relatively new single. certainly i think that is a part of the goal. certainly better integration of our stakeholders and oklahoma. the water users, farmers, producers and energy producers and that sort of thing to make sure the data and information that is relevant to their line of work is getting to them and is being collected so making that connection is the benefit and adaptation is a function of those as well. again it is going to hinge on being able to make better and more accurate predictions going forward as to whether or not a lot of that information is valuable but it is helpful to us in our long-range water planning process with different potential scenarios but there it is warm, moist, hotter, drier, that sort of thing. >> is there a way to strengthen the capability through the

program? >> i'm sure there is because the nidis program does provide that fundamental the information that's valuable to the long-term prediction and the biggest benefit i believe is integrating all of the other data collection efforts together into one place. >> dr. pulwarty, i think he wanted to address that capability. >> there are 11 of those incentives around the country, and as mr. strong was describing, the major role is really to understand how the cities, the states and the regions that they are in our developing the prepared this adaptation and then to ensure the best available information is provided to them. from that standpoint, we have seen many successes around the country on increasing the capabilities of the industry and

states and what we tend to do coping with the research program is ensure they have the funds to work with the network of information users. >> thank you. >> was also mentioned i believe it was by mr. strong of the river forecast centers and be engaged network operated in the partnership with the state's. as you are all aware of the network is struggling and we have lost some engagements. there's been talk if the gauge fits with the measurement, this network especially for the gauges where we have long-term measurements are crucial to understanding the water budget and getting better predictions for the drought and flood. i wonder if you could address that, any of you on the panel.

>> dr. bamiglieti? >> you've raised a critical issue. the united states is in decline itself. the satellites will help us understand some things but one of the things they really won't be able to do in a great way is tell us what the discharge is at a certain point on a river basin it will be sort of a prediction but not a direct observation so there is no substitute for a robust ground base network not only of the stream gauges but monitoring wells and even though usda is and measuring, so those are invaluable. the knee-jerk continued support and the usgs can certainly use your help. >> anyone else? >> i might just add that because it is not a bureaucracy in and of itself is heavily dependent

on coordination with all of these other agencies that collect and valuable information it is important to make sure that not only adequate funding is provided for nidis but adequate information is provided for all these other stream engaging prevoyance, reservoir monitoring, the corps of engineers bureau of reclamation, snowpack monitoring, all of those are extremely valuable and need support as well. >> thank you. dr. pulwarty? >> there is nothing we can do without these enabling capabilities. the seasonal forecast, even though the projections are important, the satellite data is important but there is no substitute for the local monitoring and understanding of people's local situations. >> thank you so much. i just want to offer my time.

>> pretty good time. >> today's baseball teams all have what you call a closer to read a good picture that comes in. we have one of the best closers in this congress from california and i yield him five minutes. >> we have a democratic closer now, too to read we don't want to forget her. i do recognize mr. rohrabacher. >> rediker the german is referring to is when i leave. [laughter] i apologize for having to come back-and-forth between hearings. there was a hearing on a the foreign affairs committee on human rights abuses by the chinese government, and i feel that's very important for us to understand the economic relationship we have with of the world's worst human rights abusers, so i thought what's important is for us to stand up

for our values and it's also important for us to make sure we have the water and energy necessary for ordinary people than our own country to live decent lives and in july the freedom that is our heritage as americans. we have a lot of problems with water in california at even. there's a problem that we understand is affecting a huge chunk of the most important industry which is agriculture, and we are dismayed let me note mr. chairman that we are dismayed in california that huge amounts of water are permitted to go off of the high cno which is the water source and dumped into the ocean and the number of seats and a delta smelt, a little fish used for bate. that type of nonsense has to

stop, too but i agree with the points that have been made here today. let me ask about -- with the last planned on monitoring. we have gotten in big trouble here in the last 20 years looking at computer models based