we also live in a time where politicians are depend end on constantly adjusting their positions to suit the public opinion. in contrast, winston churchill demonstrates to truly lead you have to be willing to speak hard truths even though when you know

they will make you unpopular. at the hotel days after appearing you must be willing to stand your ground and not retract, not let your focus group tell you to retract. politicians should be able to remind us of who we are as nation what we believe and why. the relationship between churchill and harry truman hold valuable and timeless lessons for us now. churchill was a conservative and truman a liberal much as fdr had been before them. the way they put the interest of their nation and the world above their ideological differences officers a lesson to the elected and would be elected officials of today. we can look to history to see what a true alliance and genuine bipartisan a word we throw around a lot truly look like.

truman showed when it comes to writing the ills of the world, the big problems, the towing party lines, pointing fingers with finger pointing sake and pandering should become irrelevant. such things are then were then not much as they are now. a distractions from the supreme task we all face. the society we are crying out to the kind of brave principles and collaborative leadership mottled bihar i are truman and winston churchill in 1946. we threats way to the life our from terrorist and rogue stations from north korea, iran, and syria some of which are attempting to get nuclear weapon as russia was. there are two ways only, strength is a strike and

weakness is mere words, mere talking. in my book, i explain that churchill officers us -- as he said in the speech we must always pursue diplomacy to the end. it must be backed by strength and a willingness to standby our allies in good times and bad. it as he said, must never seize to proclaim the great pins. s of freedom an the -- rights ofman which are the joint inheritance of the english speaking world. what can we learn from frank? the college president who ambitious plan brought churchill there in the first place? i think it's that if we have a goal in mind, an idea, an inspiration, we should pursue it no matter how unrealist it it may at seem at the time. it we commit that each of us are capable then perhaps we too can

leave a lasting mark on the world on the fateful day in march 1946. thank you. [applause] [applause] [inaudible] [applause] we'll take some questions. i think we have time for a few, happy few. >> yeah? >> could we use a microphone. we're on c-span. >> they're going bring a microphone around. can we get a microphone here? we have a question here. >> yeah, certainly. >> extremely impressive

presentation. >> thank you. churchill has been a hero of mine since i was a child. and i've been much aware of the fact that he had problems with stuttering and you mentioned the deliver i are. can you comment on his speech impediment and how that affected his incredible delivery of all speeches? >> yes, certainly. i think that he actually came to use it as a ding tingishing mark for example the unique pronunciation of nazi. it was something that once he became aware of the fact that nothing was going change that, he really didn't see it as a handicap, and in fact, often wrote stage directions on to a small note cards that he put in the one corner of the podium, pause here, and it was probably the dramatic on the world stage

use. perhaps to let him gather himself after each meaningful statement. >> thank you. [inaudible] i enrolled there in 1954, eight years after the speech. my aunt made the cakes for churchill. my family is from callway county, we're proud of that little town, and i urge everyone that hasn't been there to drop by on their way to st. louis, it's just seven miles off of by kingdom city.

when i was at west minister there was a fellow i hadn't met before. we met on the same basketball court. his name was chuck good well. and chuck and i almost came to blows at that time. after that we got along fine. i wonder whatever happened to him. [laughter] >> another question back here. >> as for the sinew of peace speech, i understood that the phrase iron curtain was not the written text but it was purely extemporaneous by churchill at the time. do you have any comment on that? >> yes, actually there were several versions of the speech which were are now in the churchill archives in the archives.

he indeed marked up in the margin several minutes beforehand a few additional comments, should we say. the fact it was not in the press version was, i believe, one of the reasons why it was recorded by the press. they hadn't been expected it. and also some of the copies the press had with him, the official title sinew of peace was not on that. which in contrast it got a lot of attention. your observation is correct. >> i had the pleasure of being there, i heard this speech! [applause] [applause] [laughter]

it was everything i heard from keeping your attention and just being rivetted on what he said. and it sounded so natural, the flow of his words. but i learned fifteen years later, in visiting his home, south of lyndon, about -- london about fifteen miles, a guide explained to me in preparing for a speech, churchill has his own studio next to the bedroom. he has a podium, he write it is out, and he practices his speech for up to two hours until he has it done. so when you hear him, it sounds naturally. he's prepared. thank you. [applause]

>> do you feel like there would have been a reterritorial gap that we needed at that time as a unifying factor in the west? if this speech had not been delivered, or if winston churchill or someone like that on the international stage would not have come forward and delivered that? what are your thoughts on that? >> yes, i believe that. as i mentioned george cannon who had been in moscow in many years and was considered the top main on russian affairs had prefaced this speech in some ways. that helped truman to become used to churchill's message and have a preview before they read the draft, and i think while cannon was considered the expert and written this fifteen-page memo, george con nondid not

consider himself a good speaker and would not have been the mantd who wanted to and truman said would be fired if he don't do it to deliver that. and of course was in moscow. would have been vulnerable to subversive activity if he had. and while there were others who shared church hill's belief about the division and the in-- between democracy and come in addition which is laid out as well it was only winston churchill would vocalize it in the particularly artful way, and what he didn't invite the term the iron curtain, it was a term from the theater with the eye ron curtain was a fire preventive. it was possible that churchill had heard the tearm when the propaganda minister used it in a statement to the press near the end of the war. it was churchill who noblized

the term and the special relationship and i think that his standard even though it was not prime minister, the worldwide recognize and the fact that he was known as great campaigned with the fact that truman invited him not just to america but to small wonderful college really gave it to stuff that was needed to get the message out to the world. yes, i think it would have left a void. i'm not sure who or what message would have indeed filled that. [inaudible] thank you for coming. [applause] tonight in prime time booktv's

in depth interview with david he talks about the era of prohibition world war ii america as well as the presidential election of 1948. convention, tk before the convention, there is a cabal of those crazy quilt of democrats. southern segregation-- big-city bosses like boss haze of jersey or jake harvey of chicago, liberals like hubert humphrey, members of the roosevelt family. they all said that we won't bite. i cause back again. there is another explanation of why truman pulled this off, even though everyone is so wary of

him. i can't repeat his words, but when he hears the words of the truman or eisenhower collapsing before the convention, he says, well, you tell those people that any link who sits behind his booktv interviewed professor bonnie morris at georgetown university about her book revenge of the women's study professor based on the one-woman play. it's part of booktv's college series. it's 45 minutes.lege ser professor bonnie morris, in you. book revenge of the women's study professor published by indiana university. i want to start with chapterbo four and read a little bit.evge >> okay.st professor morris, i'm sorry tohe

bother you like this.it. could we talk privately for asor moment.boer i enjoy your women's studyrivel class. i love it. i want to finish out the semester but my husband feels differently.dies cl he thinks it's a lot of radical ideas and he wants me to drop my your class right now. he just doesn't like me going out night to take a women's class.he d't it counts toward me finishing my business degree. a he invites do you dinner at youe house. she's hold older than you. so i went to meet the husband ar and wien the awe approval.i i talked lightly about camping and hikinger and movies.me while he staired at my bust oved the spiced ham. finally at the end of the mealde he stood up to shake my hand saying well, little lady, i guess i thought you'd have horns on your head and come dressed ii a suit of armor. hd i reckon you're woman enoughmor. after all of this. >> this is a true story, and the

based on my one-woman str play. which in turn is based on actual incidents in my career teaching women's studies. and when i was in graduate school, i was able to start s teaching my own woman historyade courses. as soon as i had a master disagree degree i taught nightsi class andst the enrolling workig women. many ofh whom were 36, 40, i wat 23 at the time. and these women were coming back to school, they wereh, and for ,

women's contribution to history have been overlooked or trivialized or simply absent. we learned about the history of

great men, the founding fathers, that's all considered the public side of history and women are seen as the private side. people are respectful what goes on in the family but what goes on in the fami i because women are also thattalle portrayed as traditionally portrayed as modest or hidden, bringing attention to what women do or how women contributed always returns to the question of the body. so for one thing, many people object to bringing women's studies or women history to a middle school, high school classroom because there's an assumption that women's studies is only about sex, birthday control, abortion, and actually and also about women in politicking, women in law, women working on farms, queens, prime

ministers, and my job is to break down the fear many people have -- what goes on, you know, women's studies classroom. don't you sit around in a circle hums and give each other exams? no. i have students come me thinking the class will either be radical or easy, and they're horrified to learn they have to take tests and write papers, and they can actually funk women's studies. as the courses have gradually become mainstream, i attract people who want that humanitarians credit and think it will be my easy class while i take my premed spring. many of the sad faces in my office, how can i possibly earned a b? well, you know, you really need to know the names of sol of these foremothers, no, you didn't get this that in high school. you have to read the book.

one of the things i do, i'm a reader for the apu history exam every june i read about 1100ap eases essays and we do have content on women history that is part of standardized testing. everybody has too know more women's history than they used to be considered an honor student or get advanced credit, that's elevated the status of women's history. that has not eliminated the kinds of questions and nervousness i encounter every semester with a lot of people. >> host: if you teach a freshman survey class, how many men are in the class? >> that's a good question. i do, i teach women in western civilization. i would say it's about 10%. it depends on the year. sometimes in a group of 100 i'll have 17 men, 12 men, they are

great. the guys are often some of the best students. i can also say interestingly, i tend have a lot of international male students, i think many of them have been pretty upfront about wanting to look at gender issues. they come from the middle east or korea, pakistan, i've had students who have told me deliberately they want to take the class because it's the only time they'll have a chance. they won't back in bahrain. i have guys who are very upfront about being raised by single moms. they are respectful of what women have done historically or to keep families together, and i also just have really smart guys who were political science majors, or who intend to pursue careers in everything from justice to law. >> do you have that student that male student in the class to

maybe sees this as a -- more knee nefarious? >> sure, i have guys raise their hands in object assistance. they have but not anymore than women. i have more conservative women than i used to in parts, again, because the field has been mainstreamed. we have people like cay bailey hutchison writing a women history textbook. it's no longer considered a brand of radical feminism to women history research. that's a whole another topic. it's also threw a lot of people are shocked by what they're learning. they never learned that, you know, women couldn't do this until 19 whatever, they didn't know that women were forbidden from serving on juries or attending princeton until 1968. so the result is a lot of folks

who say wait a minute, where are you getting that? and that's a natural reaction, but i would also say that once in awhile, we'll get somebody who is just very uncomfortable because the subject matter is painful. it's painful to look at the history of exclusion and assault. so what i have to do as an academic is to say, in the discussion section, please feel free to respond as personally orb as angryingly or emotionally as the readings work you. in the smitten work you have to be professional, scholarly, empire call, and reasonable. that's the deal. you can say whatever you wish all political opinions can lead to an a. you don't have to have one view. ly evaluate your writing based on a good, you know, scholarly

style. and so i teach many athletes, i also teach women's sports history. sometimes the athletes will use a little bit of street slang, and i have to write in the margin, let's find another word for this. so it's really more about teaching folks to write about personal history in a way that is professor, and not so much people challenges me because they're horrified by the subject women. >> what does do with a women's study major? >> that's a common question. the quick answer is law school. most of the students i've worked who have been minors, majors in women's studies go to law school. they do very well. a lot of women and men do work on women in development often in

africa, south asia, south america. they build women's sheltering sheltering with they run agencies. many go to work for non-profit and go. some do website design for women's organizations, or become directors ever women's shelters. i have lots of students who do internships with the different groups in d.c. whether it's planned parenthood or working for a little bit of international focus too. there's also a lot of students who will minor in women's study and they combine it with a health degree, they're going to be nurses, doctors, there's a lot of folks who are looking at the impact of more access to education. girls and women in the rest of the developing world and these include students ready to go to

work for the world bank. they have a background on gender which assists them and how you plot programs that can assist families. >> when did the women's study movement begin? who were some of the mother mothers? >> great question. the first program was at san diego state university in 1969. we've had a forty-year anniversary for a couple of years now. it was based on, obviously, the feeling of the time of bringing real topics in to the university whether it was the peace movement or black studies. but there was an obvious lack of coverage of women's issues and women were not welcome still at the lot of schools. if you look at the book "who is who in women's studies in 1974". a lot of the first classes were being taught by nones at

catholic women colleges. they had titles like "women in society" those were the justice, activism, post vatican ii feeling. inspect terms of women history, one of the main proponents was girdle learner who was an amazing historian and refugees from nazi germany. my particular mentor alice kessler harris in one of my years of grad school was also a refugees from the holocaust. a lot of the women who started women's history had amazing stories of their own to tell and were also persons who knew very well what it's like for history to try to make all people invisible. i think that's an important side note. you couldn't do a doctorate in women's history in too many places until the late '80s when i started grad school, it was one of about four places in the u.s.

and the big change has been that women's studies programs have been offering degrees that range from a minor in certain to a masters, and george washington university where i also teach is the oldest ma program in women's studies in pub lick policy in the country. the focus here in d.c. is more on women in government. but other programs around the u.s. you find more of a focus on women in literature, women in psychology, and a lot of the programs bring together faculty students, and administrators every year through something called a national women's study association. for women's history there's something called the we are shire conference once every four years a big gathererring of

women history experts, male and female, these are all wonderful events you see the rake of range of topics everyone is interested it. it's everything from the renaissance to female pirates, i've done work on jewish's history and immigration, women in sports, women in war, women in rock and roll, and it feels an ageless hunger to go to the events and really meet your colleagues. >> professor morris, is women's studies a u.s. fee nonthat or u.s. movement, and has it been internationalized? >> pretty global. one of the things i have learned is some of the same challenges exist internationally. i have taught on a prpl called "semester at sea" popular with

undergrads twice in 1993 and 2004. and on each occasion, it's 100-day voyage, you take about 4 to 800 students around the world on a ship. twelve countries. what currency, are we using? have i had my shot. look whales. not only through the semester at sea, i took the one-woman show to different sites including new zealand, israel iceland. i encounter them in twenty students. they have the exact same story. everyone is made fun of for pursuing research on women, everyone has to spend more time articulating why to you want to look at women than talk abouting what they have learned. we're always depending our

choice of subject matter. on the other hand, there's a fantastic networking, the internet is knead possible for me to connect with women study's faculty all other the world. the first program, i really got friendly with online in monogoal ya. they were crin incriedble. we have two books, can you send us more? we can't fail. we are the daughter of -- i showed my dad, no self-est steam problem there. i shipped every book i had to monogoal ya. when i did my presentation -- everyone in government came to hear me speak. i had to prepare a welcome speech in icelandish because everyone wanted spoke english, i wanted to try.

and even with all of the gender-equality it's view anemic -- unique to that community. there was a sense of how do you present information on women in a way that's not overly sexualized or that doesn't marked at women. there's just different issues in every country. in new zealand, the big question was indigenous women's rights. there the land rights of women, they were very confrontational with me. what are you doing to reach out to native american women. that was the kind of question you would have not had in a different context. so going are from place to place was the same presentation has been very useful for me to broaden my range, frankly. >> what was your meeting with fidel castro? >> okay. so, first of all, state department permission and all

the paperwork in hand for a semester at sea to dock in havana as an education group. we thought we would spend three days tours havana and meeting some students and going to a baseball game. that's it. on the last day, word came out fie dahl castro is going to speech at the university. you are invited. quite a few people from the ship said no thank you. i don't care to. with strong feelings about him. i went with some of the faculty and students, we had headsets and he spoke for four hours without stopping. he held a class of water and never took a sip. and we were invited to have drinks with him downstairs, it was an out of body experience. i thought i'm having a moe drink with fidel castro. i was one of few women.

i was wearing a bright yellow dress. for whatever reason, his fancy game over, grabbed my arm, it women read in the world, there would be no war. maternal instrict is strong. do you not agree? i don't agree, actually, look at the war-like leaders we've had or women who had to have knowledge about. i started talking about margaret thatcher. it was wonderful. and i sent off an e-mail that night to my parents, i had drinks with fidel, of course, there was sure, you did. and the photographs followed. that's not going happen begin. -- again. it was a chance to debate essential stereotypes about female power with a known dictator. wow. yeah, that was an unusual day. >> when you teach about margaret

thatcher, how do you approach her? >> well, having seen meryl streep in the "iron lady" i love her, that was an amazing film. one of the things margaret thatcher is known for is not being so much an afish nad dough of feminist legislation. she's a good example of a woman who had to be more or less accepted as quote, an honor rare man in order to be taken series on a man's stage. that is jumping point for students to talk about what degree have we made everyone male and say now we have a quality, and we have constantly moved women in ever more opportunity once available for men, sports, law, military, government, not the priesthood, okay. we don't see women having attracted men to traditional

women's work which is very still very low paid or devalued. dark, et. cetera, there's general cultural anxiety women have had to break in to the old boys' club or imitate public as expects of strength that somehow defemme nice them, and boy, my students are really interested in those issues. how do you negotiate? does a woman have to be war-like? how does one bring in a sense of difference? should there ever be acknowledged difference between men and women. if you advocate for maternity leave are you going to be seen somehow of lower productivity or standards of security. you can get all of that -- who

had had to function as often the only woman at the power meeting. >> bonnie morris, you also met with president bill clinton. >> that is a great story. i actually met him twice. he was christmas shopping and i was in the mall, and that was fun. but formally, we met at the basketball game, and my first year, i was teaching at george washington, and he brought chelsea to a game, and first there was a men's game then a women's game. not scheduled like that anymore. in '94, the president sat in on the men's game. when the women's game began he got up to leave. i thought, okay, what are you going do bonnie? i charged in to the bleachers when where he was very comfortably shaking hands with

pretty, you know, approachable secret servicemen letting him meet the people. i stuck out my handnd hi, mr. president, i'm a women's study professor here. i would like you to encourage your support for title ix law. we have a great team what do you say? he said, i would love to. i have a meeting at the white house at 3:00. i said you can watch the first twenty minutes. i thought well, i have given a direct order to the president of the united. and he sat back down! so he sat down, he watched the women and he became the first u.s. president to telephone con congratulations winning women team in the ncaa. i would like to think i had

something to do with that. you have to 0 have a certain kind of confidence to just jump in and say, hey, this is not fair. or look at what this symbolizes. living in washington, teaching near the house white house, i live in an embassy neighborhood, i'm really -- how we showcase who is in charge. what is power? where women are perceived as matters. that was a small example where i really did have a chance to say, gosh, don't you like women's sports? i do. and i teach these women. and they not only can, you know, really do those layup, they are smart and they are here on scholarship just like the guys. don't you want to applaud them? i co. i think now we have fathers of daughters who are? sports. we with more men advocating for

that too. but that's they is not going repeated. >> bonnie, morris, when were you raised? what do your parents do? what is their attitude. >> i owe everything to my are a and roger. i was born in los angeles in the '60s and raised by parents who were very liberal. in fact, they had a very unusual romantic intermarriage. they were cautioned not marry, i had a jewish mother and my father was a surfer. and everyone thought at time it was a big deal. now it seems not anything to write home about. we were expose to the social issues in the '60s an my father in particular gave me a reading list when i was as young as nine which including black power literature, "to kill a

mockingbird" and alice walker. he didn't know she was in that volume. and we went on many peace marchs and then when we moved to the east coast, i went a quaker school, carolina friends which was progressive but had a women study's curriculum. i was able to start taking women's history in a formal classroom setting but a school that encouraged learning at your own pace. when i was 12, and i was able to sort of pursue the subjects that interested me because i had been, you know, tested and pronounced gifted at an early age. a lot of teachers were very interested in mentoring me and working with me. i had all of that as a kind of privilege. have to acknowledge, and my women's studies classes at

school were really simultaneous emersion how did women get to vote. when were the first women's history conferences in the 19th century? and also we looked at some of the issues of the day that equal rights amendment and arguments about female equality in our own time. i'm still in touch with all of those teachers and all of those folks. but clearly it had a huge impression on me. i went from taking women's studies to teaching it within ten years, actually. >> who were some of your personal heroes? >> boy. should have crammed for that one. well, boy. right off the top of my head, early on in life it was women writers like lewis who wrote harriet the spy, and of course

harper lee "to kill a mockingbird." those two books shaped my life. the famous tennis match in '73. surely, my mother took me to hear when she ran for president in '72. i heard her speak at duke university which was very much aware that a black woman was running for president. i was trust rated i could not vote yesterday. -- yet. later on i was very impressed by the emerging voices of lesbian authors rhee that may browne, ad degree began rich. i had an interest what was going on globally in terms of jewish women who had resistance fighters in the holocaust and then the memoir as to who wrote

about the sphrug -- struggle for women who tell their story in a female voice, and initially i majored in jewish history in undergrad and lived in israel for a year. so kind of all over the place in terms of survivors those on unafraid to speak, those who were able to use the written word the way i hoped to one day. >> contemporarily with who were some of your heroes? >> well, i'm thinking who do i have up on the wall in my office? donna brazil, who is my office mate here at georgetown. certainly hillary clinton, i admired her struggle. i am very impressed by all of the women who have broken through in women's sports and who have managed to articulate to the next generation that

that's a possibility. all the big her -- i am a big fan of the women who have done a lot of work building the national women's history museum, we're trying to establish in d.c., and that croi ceo is joan but meryl streep is working assed at spokeswomen. it's a virtual museum right now. i am also a person who is, you know, a fan, i guess you could say, of some of the women who have broken ground like ellen degeneres who went from being vilified to loved by millions. an amazing person. cartoonist for the same reason. clinton comedian for the same reason, and i also think

certainly alice walker for really establishing attention to the literature of women of color in a way that made space for many other authors, but of course, she was instrumental which i was in grad school. >> what about sandra day 0'connor. >> this program and ruth baiter begins berg all of the supreme court women. alaina cagen, we went from zero to several in my life tomb. it would be nice to have and half. you would have to have half of a person because of nine. i worked on a film "if women ruled the world." it was capital of rue we had a dinner party women who arrived and prior to the filming there was a cocktail reception, i was

able to meet sandra day oh oh o'connor. and various women who were part of the dinner party. that was exciting. actually asked sandra day oh connor who said she admired. she said mia hamme because the american women had won the world cup. it was delighted that she advocated for greater attention to women's sports. that was a thrilling occasion. i was definitely one of theless famous people in a room full of high achievers. but my role was to sort of represent the women's history person, and part of the film i took my students on the trolley around d.c. we pointed how few statutes of women there are and how easy it is to imagine women as justice and liberty.

we have obviously the statute of liberty holding upscales. we don't have that many women cast in marble. there's a controversy how the marble statute of the suffer gist was the baifm of the capital was in lugged upstairs and the complaint was, it's so heavy and dusty. yes, so is women's history. it's heavy, it's dusty, bring it out in the open. >> what do you think of the sculpture of the three women? >> i think it's great. i think i support those who truth should be part of it. a lot of what i do is who is no here. who are black women, slave women, servant girls in this overview of -- in this time period what were women doing? fact, i'm really upfront with

one of my midterm, if you don't acknowledge that we had the double standard in the 19th century. women are delicate and shouldn't do sports. we also had slavery. it you don't talk about that you don't get an a. no one is going get an a if they say women were not allowed work hard in the 19th century. that's just inexcusable. so it surprises some people when a white women's history professor devotes so much time talking about the history of nonwhite women, but the biggest trap is to have women's history equal white women's history. that is no different than, you know, other kinds of exclusion. i wish i had more time in a

semester to cover the communities that are still not well represented and more and more looking at whether women disablities or what have you. there are students who have are so moved their background is mentioned at all. it's astonishing to get e-mails and cards and letters from students for the first time ever hearing about someone who represents their community. maybe they have been from school from age 4 to 20, they're finally hearing about not just the female hero or one that is latino or deaf or gay orb in the army or whatever it might be. >> have any of your views changed since you have been teaching women's history and studying women's history? >> yes, they have.

i'm much stricter. i used to be an easy grader and i'm really mean now. i'm horrified by the lower standards of reading and writing. i don't want to get in to who we blame or what have you. i get students e-mail me with text messages speak. hi prof, how are u? i went to a hippy school, i thought i would be a mellow person. no! i give out pages of single spaced etiquette guides. don't address me as hey, prof. i'm approachable. you're going write a letter to the editor one day. i'm an editorial strict woman now. i'm also, you know, more cautious about being too open to

people coming in to my office hours and on unburdened personal relationship drama. i have to to be a little more detached because occasionally i'm not the right person. i'm not a therapist, i'm a rabbi, i'm not a spiritual adviser. i know, what my professor obligation and limitations are. here's what strange, i'd old now. i am old enough to be my students' moms, so they don't see me as their generation, which when i started my students were older than me, right. that was an evening out and now i'm the mom figure. i come from a time with a cultural literacy that includes, you know, the war in vietnam, and when people first started to

have computers and cell phones. so my film and literature references have to be updated, that is a whole extra job to be current. on the other hand, i'm as a near-age -- mother-aged person supportive and loving and pat on the back the way it matters in some scenarios. somebody who is finally achieved, i can be a substitute parent. i have a lot of students far from home. the other thing, connecting that with the question how perhaps have my views changed? i understand -- i don't like it, i understand that it's just generational to reject what your parents did. students who reject feminism or who see women's history as part of their mom's era of women's

live. i understand that comes from the need to detach yourself from what your parents' generation did. when i have students who make fun of women's history or who want to begin a sentence with i'm not a feminist but my bomb was. that's a function of time passing. it's not so much an oppositional political ideology. i've learned where is a student trying to define herself as different from mom, she probably agrees with a lot of the same things. and the funny thing that shows up is many of my students don't want to identify as women. they're taking women's studies or women's history, but they identify as girls. they see woman now as a term that represents their mother, their mother's generation, women's rights, womens live, "i

am women, hear me roar." they are in a terrible economic moment. they don't expect to own a home or that that kind of settled family life maybe as early as another generation hoped. so they see woman symbolizing a soccer mom who is owning her own house. they don't think they'll be a woman until they are 30 and advanced degree. we were identifying as women as 12. it's really changed. also young women are entering puberty earlier, they have a longerred adolescence. let's say you're capable of having a child at 10, but you're going delay marriage until you're 0. you get all of those degrees. that's twenty-yeared a lens.

a lot of the conflict, reaction, controversy about how we teach women's history is also affected by the way age groups have shifted around, folks wanting to distinguish themselves before those who came before them. anxiety about being a grown up and what it means financially. i have to lightening rapidly make all of these calculations where is this student coming from in their caution or stereotyping about women's mist? is it from their family heritage, their desire to get ahead, their sense of a feminist is ugly. i better not identify as one, and the only way to break down all of these fears is with humor because exactly what people want to project this image of the

women's study professor as a scary, un attractive with an ax. when i come in and i'm cheerful and california girl, and can talk about body surfing or whatever seems unthreatening, it helps to situate a student who really expects some kind of, you know, humorless demon, and then we talk about why those stereotypes exist. >> finally, bonnie morris, why revenge of the women's movement? >> i'm notful vengeful violent person. i wanted to talk about the issues why are students afraid of taking women's studies? ..

but in an entertaining format. that will bring in more people. it was definitely me being able to talk back to all of the people who doubted me or who had said that women's studies do noo matter, including the husband who did not want his wife in myy class. i thought that it is almost like revenge of the women's studiesde

professor like the revenge of frankenstein. my modus operandi in life is my motiv when ies have been insulted, ina find things that are offensive and i often turn it into a shore story. in myi journal, i will turn itnl into an essay t into a essay. that is a way of getting that kind of insult out of the body and into a public literature. so, there is that saying revenge is a dish best eaten cold. there's that weeding period when you think about how you want to top that but in a reflective and thoughtful period that will convince people what you want to say and so revenge of the women's studies professor. here i am, i'm going to tell you what happened as i tried to become a really good professor and how i got through to have

the last word, and that is the only reason shall i really want to show the stereotypes' are funny but they can hurt and the student should never be discouraged from looking at the history of their mother. >> "revenge of the women's studies professor" bonnie morris professor here at georgetown. women's history, women's history for beginners. >> that's right. that is book number eight, and it is going to be out of the 14th of february, valentine's day. that is a good introductory textbook which starts right within the first woman and goes from there. that's part of the whole wonderful series from the

beginners' press economics for beginners, einstein for beginners, so it begins with why don't we know more about winans history, who is invested in you not knowing and then it goes through a basic or not so famous women and lots of resources. i have a wonderful illustrator, and that is intended for high school as well as college classrooms and the approach to women's history in a way that should not intimidate that instruct and i had a lot of fun. >> what is the illustration in your book? >> the illustration of where women have been kept out of public life because a woman in public is assumed to be somehow unchased cony and one reason we don't know about women's

accomplishments is a good girl is not supposed to be known by anyone but her male relatives. so there is a lot about the emphasis in scripture that women should be heading from other men. it's very hard to bcome famous if that is equated with a modesty. owever, the leadership just before it the democratic convention, the week those the convention, theis >> a crazy coalition of democrats. southern as segregationist, strom thurmond big-city boston'saze

or harvey from chicago or they say we want to make but he draws back again and crashes the old thing. there is another explanation why truman can pull this off even though people are so weary. i cannot repeat the exact words but when he hears it of the collapse before the convention you tell them in a blank who sits behind the desk can get renominated. it is hard to get rid of a sitting president with the nominating process imits

of our ability to live deep under water for long periods of time. this is about an hour and 15 minutes. [applause] >> thanks everybody for coming noone in mostly snny satu .like this thou [applause]at at thanks for coming out and the mostly sunny saturday afternoon sometimes it is hard to stay inside on-- like this. i have written sealab i will n. jump been -- jump and."seal

you know, the book isfor the called "sealab". liv [laughter] but i should say that for fl the record america's quest to live on the ocean floor. i was pleased with the bookecgni came e subtitle of the week by puishers weeso too out also balances out for the best and tells you what the book is about. i am often asked how i got the idea for this book or where it came from, and so i think i will start from the beginning and then i will talk about the story of "sealab" come and introduce you to some of the characters. i've got some rare audio and video to share with you to kind of show you what this is about. of course we will have time for your questions at the end which would be great so if questions occur to you as i am going

along, hang on to them and i would be glad to answer them at the end. "sealab" was working and not far up the coast here in santa barbara for the daily newspaper and writing about lots of things, different kinds of things in that area in the daily newspaper writer of you and somebody suggested once that i attend a gathering of commercial diary is going on as big commercial communities and the santa barbara area code on the one of the biggest fighting companies in the world said the idea is they are having this audience at the place known as the lost had in santa barbara so i figured this is the place i need to go especially when you are, but how bad could it be.

to see what was going on and the idea was to dredge up the situation in the newspaper, and really what happened is this crowd of old-time commercial divers most from southern california and elsewhere and while i am hearing all of these crazy alien sounding stories of working underwater and accidents and the weird things that go on when you are under water much like when you are in space more familiar when they are working under water. so, i came away from this event thinking what another world come and one thing that somebody said that stuck with me when he spoke of doing deep dives, the dives were so deep and the gas was so pressurized that it was like breathing peanut butter and i thought what? breeding peanut butter? what is that about?

that sounds completely sci-fi and weird. i don't understand that. as a kind of followed that away. i never really did wind up writing about this party for the papers i recall that it was a lovely evening vote. and a lot of nice people and i got some connections for some other stories. so, in case any of my old bosses are watching it wasn't completely time squandered up there. [laughter] not just drinking up there with the commercial divers. i had also at that time gotten it in my head that might like to take on a work of the acclaimed nonfiction. i've done newspaper style feature writing in journalism, and for the length that is allowed for that format. and so, i was kind of on the lookout for the ideas of a book that might be worthy of a story coming and you can kind of see where i am headed now. so when i got out of the daily newspaper business and we restructure our family and moved back east, i basically went to

the library and with my ideas that had to do with deep diving, commercial fighting, weird stuff that goes on under water, so their research on these things. and then "sealab" starts popping up. wow, "sealab," that's pretty fascinating and interesting. there must be at least several books about this. the first thing i should do is find out what has been written so far about it and the answer was really nothing had been written about it. and this is sort of mind blowing. if this thing was -- the u.s. navy project in the 1960's, pioneering under water, science exploration, where is the book? what i found were a couple of memoirs that had been written by the key participants who we will meet in just a moment here, and those were great background but no one had put all the pieces

together. but "sealab" was, what it meant, and the legacy that is with us here today in terms of what people are able to do in the ocean as workers and researchers and scientists and everything else. so, great news for a journalist. alone in the library somewhere going i think i got something here with this sealab thing. so i started doing the preliminary research and indeed it is the focal point the way the mercury project was of the effort to really break some barriers that had existed for a long time not in the sky but in terms of human ability to go under water. so there was a kind of science and exploration aspect those fascinating and a good sign that there was a story of it, and the other was the central character named dr. george pond who seen in his trench coat and kunes --

coonskin cap where is the diving gear? dr. bond actually started his career with a rural practice with the have and what not in the backwoods of the blue ridge mountains serving a small community there and i'm going to read you a short piece from the book to introduce captain bond and tell you where he came from. you can see why i found him a fascinating character. already kind of an unlikely one to be someone who will be considered the father of sealab. this is a bond in the 1940's and jumping back he's not quite 10-years-old when his father died late in the summer of 1925. but the family could still

afford a nanny. as a teenager at the academy in pennsylvania, he worked on the monthly literary magazine and became known as the class poet. he took a pipe smoking as a teen and developed what would become a lifelong fondness. his nickname wouldn't have shot his bosses and they called him of rubble. after graduating in 1933 a few years in the great depression bond enrolled at the university of florida. the course was divided interest of letters and scientists though he generally did better in the class of english and imaginative writing the and general chemistry. the literary at least initially the bachelors of arts degree and went straight into the university of florida graduate program for the master's degree. he studied a question for the thesis he read about the abolition dialect spoken around of the cave. a hamlet in the blue ridge mountains about 10 miles from the family's summer home at

chesnutt gap in west carolina. bonn had gotten to know him named for the nearby tavern that was a seasonal home to migrating back. when he went to summer camp in the area after his father died. in the formative years the older sister and brother continued to live with their mother, louise, a college-educated woman at the family -- as the family moved between the land florida, where bond mostly grew up although the family was originally from ohio coming into the more modest home at chestnut gap. he loved the rocky wooded areas of the cave and chimney rock and bear wallow. he spent days horseback riding and fishing with his two best friends, lonnie hill both work with formal education but that made no difference to bond. himself he served as one of the 15 master's thesis subjects and helped bond gather material. bond made notes of the

pronunciation and appellation pros and as i will take no back staff off of you coming and it went blinky on need. bond was inspired by the rustic ways of the mountain people and their independence. as a kid, he once lived with ben konar at their place on the branch from a little tributary near the head of the broad river. then konar was removed, but his wife was wired, snaggletooth. it was dougy who said something like george, why don't you go to school, making medical doctor and come back here. we've never had one and we need one bad. bond decided he should go down the professional trail to follow. he knew firsthand there was a need for the doctor and mountains. as a boy he had seen two people die aid and with his side on medical school he enrolled at the university of north carolina chapel dillinger early 1940 and

spent the next 15 months shoring up the science background and got a good living from students with a worse to campus. so, there you have a guy that i'm learning about and thinking okay, i think we may have a story. so, bond does follow that medical path that was suggested and spends a good part of his career serving the community of about 5,000 people through the cave, very primitive circumstances, very challenging and demanding work running around in his jeep having to persuade people to take shots and modern medicine in the area where people were not always trusting of those methods. people loved him and he got quite a lot of attention for what he was doing there. so much so that he wound up as the featured guest on a popular 1950's tv show "this is your life," which some of you may

remember which was sort of like the american model of its day but a lot less singing and also at the time when not everybody was on tv. it was unique and worthy of praise. so, you know, by that point bond had been in the navy for a couple of years and the time of the tv show was headed back to the practice, but at the time he was in the needy, he discovered that he really was fascinated with dieting. he spent his time in a navy as a submarine medical officer which also required him to be trained as a diver and he got fascinated with diving and wound up turning his practice over to another doctor and staying in the navy where he became the head of the medical research laboratory at the u.s. naval submarine base in

connecticut which is a major submarine base in the u.s.. in that laboratory, he grew interested in pursuing the questions and that he had found fascinating in his early naval career around diving which was that conventional by evening was that most diverse had to be relatively shallow and they would last a matter of minutes, not hours or days or weeks, and

bond got this idea that the time had come much as humankind was starting to launch people into space and push the boundaries of flight the same thing should be happening under water and we should be able to dive deeper and stay longer, and why has that not happened? let me explain on page 16 here. so, he's in the navy running the medical research lab and he's starting to circulate these ideas that the conventional diving seems rather outdated. we ought to be able to do better than this. that a driver might be able to

stay on indefinitely and even live on the seabed in some kind of shelter like an underwater version of the space station. this is what he was thinking that he was thinking ahead of his time of like talking about supersonic flight that seems feasible and what a bond was talking about and in some ways with supersonics is to flying because with such a patient use methods that enable you to make these launder deeper dive. so, he's got this vision coming and he's going to meet in a minute here. we should go back to bond here. >> one is that no such seabed a growing had been built and the other was the concept of living and working in the sea than

putting a man on the moon. she accepted the diving limits typically allowed for the bottom times of the minutes the deeper the dive the shorter the state. no one spent hours and days nor long periods exposed to high pressure in the water were in the try chamber. the limit for most of the divers even the surgeons was far less than the initial target of 600 feet but as a scientist, he believed it could all be done. as a man of faith, he believed there would and this was another aspect of his personality where he believed there was almost a biblical kind of manifest destiny about this base based on the opening of genesis that talks about men having dominion over the fish of the sea, and bonn had become a religious fellow and he wasn't raised that way, but he took off an interest in a student of the bible in shakespeare when he was doing

his english major so, to finish and give you a lot of context where he was, the sound barrier had been broken earlier in 1947 ushering in a space-age, but the divers remained intact although no one must fall on those terms it wasn't a part of the lexicon and there was nothing as specific as the speed of sound and nothing was as dramatic to puncture the equivalent underwater achievement. as bond had learned during his navy school training no one learned the answer is as the essential questions how long command st how deep can a man go. you might think the speed of sound are the highest of everest it's something that is known how long can you go and how deep can you stay down nobody knew nobody was interested until bond started to gather people around

him at the medical research laboratory to save this as read be possible or kill you basically. same as in space. so, with the help of his right hand man who happened to be around the lab to strike a conversation that i described in the book coming and he is not easily impressed and is really quite a different character from bond as i just described. yes, all business perfect right-hand man to georgia bond as the chance that haven't. together with of the navy school

of approval at this point, they began in their lubber trey during test with animals and the dogs and the monkeys could handle the g forces and the weightlessness and the rest of that. these things were concerned with prolonged exposure to pressure and breathing artificial recipes of gas mixtures the would be necessary if you are going to breed them at deep depth. so bond along the side of the chamber here that is a medical care what they can pass materials through. although initially it was animals, and bond actually called the early laboratories genesis and the was straight out of his belief that this ability to do this was tied up in their

early lines of the bible, is the genesis experiment started with animals to make ure that this was going to be safe for people and then work on human test subjects. he was also around the submarine base at that time. he was a diver but was involved in sealers and submarine at the submarine base. he did travis dr. bond. he was a guy that a lot of people really liked, and barred was one of them -- barth was one of them. when bond is looking for volunteers, who wants to be locked up in the chamber for a week and you may not come out alive? [laughter] coming you know, dr. bond is the kind of -- have the kind of guy that barth is sure. i will give it a try.

so he is geared up to try the human genesis experiment and is basically packing for a camping trip. they were not out for the long duration stay, so they had medical supplies and, you know, canned food and the whole thing and were doing a bunch of tests. there were a couple of others. one was a doctor that was doing physiological studies during all of this to make sure it was going to be safe. and at this point, bond had to get formal naval approval to use human volunteers. he could do that animal stuff a little bit on the download, but when it came to locking actual people in the chambers they had a piece of paper work around that and there had to be volunteers. barth was one of them and he was involved from the very beginning

of the program to its tragic and. barth was also one of the first people i met when i started doing my research and reporting on this project both when i came to the project barth was alive and well we're living in florida, and he worked closely with george pond than anybody was alive and well and living in san diego. george bond died about 30 years ago, so i never did meet him coming and the work became almost like doing a biography. but with the help of good sources like this the job was going to be possible. so one of the things you do when you get started on the nonfiction project is to see if people are willing to talk to you because you need a lot of cooperation to get through the reporting and research of these things, so everybody said well, you are going to need barth's cooperation if you're going to

make this flight. i had early conversations with him and went down to visit him in florida where he lives to kind of see how it goes. he's an interesting character as i describe in the book a little bit prickly. doesn't mix words, a little bit suspicious of people that call themselves journalists. but he says iker camano to florida and we could talk and see how it went, and it went very well. we did one day marathon interview of about five hours or something and the next day he showed me around the experimental base which is now down in florida, historically it was in the navy art in washington, d.c. which is another place you will come to know in the book. and the experimental diving unit was basically like the edwards air force base of diving where all of the cutting edge sort of stuff goes on and as was the place for the test pilots could be found. so, i'm off to a good start.

barth is on board. he refers to mazzoni, he seems to be on board. i had this meeting with barth in florida coming and i call him up because it got this question about a report i found that suggested that one of the key pieces of the diving gear that they were using in much of the sealab experiments called the marck 6 problems and i wanted to understand because the was the total challenge visa guice face in addition to being in the water and cold and breeding strange mixtures of gas and all the rest of it this report clearly indicated that something was up. and i kind of knew that this was a little media early on in my relationship with bob to be asking things like this but i was still getting to know people. so why went to him and here's part of our conversation.

>> did you guys have -- i read some reports that talked about quite a few potential problems with the equipment, minor malfunction. >> we are fine. you have to be careful with it to read anything like a certain valve's you have to make sure are open and set it up. you couldn't put it directly on the bottle and started breeding in net. it set up with an instrument to make sure it started doing this and that, and it required your attention during her the use. >> it's unlike anything else of use like that. it requires you to be careful about what you are doing. >> so you don't remember any -- >> not at all. we are fine. >> -- complaining much about that. >> they are all on the search looking for something -- you must have been in the newspaper

business, ben. >> i.t. i was. >> you're always looking for something to figure out. i'm going to have an ex prosaic and figure out how the navy fucked up ended did this and that. you're not going to get that from me. >> this is a report that was written actually about some sort of a -- after the fact is a smith and one of the things that was mentioned was the problem of equipment. i thought i would ask you about it. >> the mark 6 was designed to go right to 180 feet or something like that. it was originally for the eob people. >> i was like i went to florida and that this guy and i thought we had a great understanding and now he is going off on me and doing an expose a in the navy and i thought we were clear about this. what i kind of learned is that this sort of how bob is, even with his friends. [laughter] so really, when things like that

would come up coming and they did, and i realize i was developing a valuable friendship here and take that as a badge of honor. as you can hear he goes on to explain as he did many times long conversations about how the different pieces worked and you can hear him explain about this. he didn't personally have a problem with it but i did have this report i had to deal with and follow some of the leads so that i could better understand what some of the changes were. but anyway, that, as i said, he wasn't a diet next words that that attitude is i kind of then still sort of young journalist. that conversation is from ten years ago, and i am just getting started. i don't have a book contract but i thought i had an understanding and people on board so he freaked me out a little bit with that conversation. later in the conversation he

sort of a public and said i don't need to get on your ass, ben. don't they take me too seriously. but the patients involved with people that pull off a work of nonfiction like this, i mean, you don't want to see the list of conversations i have had with him over the years. e-mails, follow-up questions, so you know, we are all sort of an offer you are indebted to these people for working with you on these projects. anyway, they pull what the human laboratory experiments. people seem to survive. the testing it at depths of up to about 200 feet. that seems to work. worked for the animals, and so the next push was let's get this out of the laboratory in getting into the sea and see if it works, if we can have people on the ocean floor. so that they did by building the very first sealab habitat, which you can see.

there is a guy standing to the left so you can get a sense of the scale. it's not a huge thing but it's built to house about four guys and it looks kind of primitive, not slick looking into the budget was very low and it's made out of recycled minesweeping floats that they sort of welded together. and we are going to put just about 190 some feet down off of bermuda. at this point, bond met jacques cousteau. i point this out because he had gone ahead with his own undersea experiments, which i describe also in the book as part of the history. it inspired at least in part by george bond.

we met in the late 1950's, and they had conversations of which bond was giving his bit about how really we ought to be able to meet on the ocean floor. my laboratory experiments with animals and living life as possible. jacques cousteau jumps ahead and set up projects of his own, which was actually great news for bond. it's a good advertising. jacques cousteau is doing it, how crazy could this be? [laughter] all the research showed their association wasn't close but they were friendly, kind of knew what each other was doing. and in fact, cousteau had a couple of of servers that were hanging around during sealab one and learned more about how this was working. this was bond and cousteau at a conference they both attended. not the only conference on underwater activities as they

were often called that the two were at together. these are your first american aqua knots. you can't see them, you don't know when talking about, but july 28th 1964, also the date the would be hard pressed to find in the 100 greatest moments in the science of exploration of the century. [laughter] i challenge people to find this. i never have. but that is the day that these guys slam into this first american seafloor base at to entered become a substantial debt for a dive except they were going to stay there for three weeks, which was absolutely unheard of, unprecedented, not even safe because who knew? you can see -- you can't see much that there is bob barth on

the left, dr. bond, andy, dr. robert thompson, bond wanted a doctor down there in case to do further studies and keep an eye on things, and the diver sanders tiger manning. so on this date they swim into the lab from a pressurized elevator essentially that takes them down to the debt and -- barth and they have to get to the lab and i will explain how that works. but this is kind of the audio from some tapes i can across in my research, and i should say one thing i found out early on with sealab is there was no catalog archive. this was in people's basements and drawers and something like a

case of an unmarked if anyone remembers the real-to-real format because your digital now, so they are getting a pretty good riser the theory wonderful window into what these guys were doing. and the point i was going to make is some of this kind of archival material so familiar to us from the conversations between houston and the astronauts and the mercury projects of course right up to the moon landing and neil armstrong and one small step for man and a giant step for mankind. this is kind of that moment when it comes to americans setting up an outpost on the seafloor. you will hear what it sounds like and you will hear the effect of helium on their voices, because one of the things they had to do is brief gases that were high and helium. if you've ever taken a hit off of a balloon you know it does funky things to your voice, and that is something else they had

to contend with. let's hope we get the volume on this. >> [inaudible] >> i can hear you loud and clear [inaudible] am i connect, over. >> [inaudible] >> you are the first one. well mr. anderson congratulations. were you able to hold your breath of the way? >> [inaudible] >> that was a pretty good swimmer, wasn't it?

>> [inaudible] >> dr. thompson is and allow -- in the lab. that is the voice of dr. bond in the controlled and which is on the surface of the kind of barge acting like a kind of mission control. you can kind of hear that. you can hear the come artery that goes on with bond. very serious enterprise, but they are kind of joking around. you can hear them the kind of can't help laughing the helium voice even though they've heard

it before. and informality in the -- there's no particular order. they're coming to live in the sealab. who's next? i don't know, manning and thompson, and then it turns out dr. thompson comes up next. so he is the second one in the lab, and at the beginning you can hear george bond say i believe that is barth. i believe that is robert barth. no, it's anderson. whoever, it's good. it's all good. so that was the early days of sealab. it was successful now so the navy was buying into this war. the budget was getting bigger. the program is getting more formalized to the point it had its own logo much like nasa has a familiar blue orb, sealab now had an emblem, a sign of its rising prestige, and also you can see you've got a more

significant refined looking habitat which doesn't look quite so much like it's made out of recycled floats or whatever. you have some uniforms. it's got the sealab emblem. you can see the logo on the top of the lab on the towers of there's a great deal more pride and money and things happening now. this is the first of what would be the three teams to live in the lab over the course of several weeks. astronaut carpenter has joined the program buy now. we will talk more about him, but he's the second from the left on the front row right there. there's scott carpenter to read and going to play a brief clip from the reel-to-reel tapes. these were unmarked and i had to listen to all of them just to find out what they were, listening for nuggets, learning

more and more alone the way. but again, this is barth as a younger man who had been through all of these genesis experiments coming and completed sealab one and is now on one of the teams of aquanauts for sealab ii. at a press conference the question as asked why did you volunteer for this program and you will hear dr. bond kind of refer his question to barth at this point. >> bob barth has been with the experimental program and the operational much longer than any other man in it. would you care to pass on the word? >> while you were here? >> i got started with the program working with dr. bond. i don't really recall when i volunteered. i don't believe i have yet. [laughter]

we just work at an organization that started the work on the idea of man living under pressure from a long time. with myself and a few other doctors and fewer of us sitting around here now. they put genesis on sealab one and sealab ii and had a permanent job. like i said, i can't remember volunteering. [laughter] that is the very good question. >> you can hear the come artery and bond is very modest. you were the first person to do some high risk pioneering stuff. tell me about it. you get an answer like this. genesis, the lab, and the guys in the chamber, now you have

sealab one and too. [laughter] sweeny to a little extra digging on something that significant and that modest. sears scott carpenter, the astronauts turned aquanaut. she found out about bond through jacques cousteau. carpenter was interested in the underwater experiments, the underwater living that cousteau was doing. you aren't french and i can't pay you, they are doing this so why don't you go talk to him. they did. bond and cardinger hit it off, and bond is quite pleased to have somebody with the stature of an astronaut mike scott carpenter who is probably the second american to orbit the earth in 72. tataris carpenter a few years later just getting in on sealab.

but i am going to do is through the miracle of the various technologies is take you inside sealab ii see you can see what it looks like. this is pretty unfamiliar, the pressurized compartments and going through the hatch where the water stops at the doorstep, and so let me see if we can get to the scene. all right. can we see that at all? can we dim the lights? i think we can see that it will go all right. inside the lab there is scott carpenter. it's a prototype commits the second one built. there are one years hanging around everywhere with about as much space to this side of the camera as there is going that

way with the area in the back. there were ten guys on each of the teams so it is quite a good crowd for the space like that. it's very quite hot and humid and that's why you see the guys in their bathing suits and mabey t-shirts. i'm going to play this a long. >> the most sophisticated technology of our age. >> so carpenter is going over the daily plan. he's the designated team leader. there is driving -- diving deer that looks like old school stuff. high-tech for the time, designed to give them longer durations for the time than the scuba diving would have allowed outside the lab so once they got out they could stay laundry and you can see the open hatch, and this is the whole idea, the sealab concept is if we can get guys down there living any time a night or day they can go out the hatch, the waters there,

they have a shelter they can stay and in and out they can go to do experiments or whenever it is they please on the ocean bottom. so, out he goes. this is a little bit right in here to see this but let's see how we do. >> i guess it is clear the water is pretty dark. estimate that as part of the challenge, keeping them warm on the diamonds was a big part of the challenge. they are driving at night so it's extra dark, a lot of potential to get lost and have all kinds of problems but it gives you a feel this isn't your

caribbean diving vacation. this is pretty tricky stuff and they have lights are around the lab which helps. there is barth right there you can see his name helping another diver. the hatch wasn't big enough. they needed to make another one. was too small of the space. threat sealab the can do certain amount of cookie and they have hot showers which were critical after a cold swim, and here is dr. bond entertaining the crew down below with a vestige of his mountain days on the harmonica. you can see the reaction with the shouts of glee coming back. and here is carpenter as you have probably never seen him before completing the ukulele

and the helium atmosphere. ♪ they have dolphins involved to potentially act as st. bernard's if they got lost or injured. a dolphin named tuffy was trained to do this but the idea was a fait diver gets lost or injured, the dolphin goes and gets the lab and safety. you can see it on a diet like this the visibility's and great. it wouldn't take a lot to wander off and get lost. they use a lot of tethers and things to keep their bearings. you can see of the dolphin swims

away it isn't far he knows where it is. i will move along. this is dr. bond -- what's your bond. he is reading a sealab prayer. >> to get there be done. we ask all of this in the name of jesus christ our lord. >> so, that was something that not all the guys were into but for dr. bond if you wanted to read a prayer on sunday by and people respected it and some people enjoy the service as well, this kind of church

service. dr. bond had been a creature back in the mountains where he worked, so this was just part of his habit and something that became part of the sealab experience for those guys who were down there. i want to get to the q&a pretty quickly here, but i want to also just run this through. there is bob barth as a young man helping a diver jumps down. the reason they aren't wearing their gear and just swimsuits -- i don't know if we can see this. we can't see it very well. let's back up for a second. they are swimming over to the pressurize the elevator that's taken down and looks like this. this is another prototype is only the second one that has ever been built. the aquanauts are in sight and you can see the chamber right

here. it decided it but what i want to point out is this could be dicey operation on the ship and its moving if you use your pressure everybody dies and it's that simple. it's quiet and it doesn't look like much, the fireworks of a rocket have tended guys not a pretty death with the explosive decompression know what happened so these are critical moments and they were learning to do it properly to make it safe and this was a state of the program if anything went wrong that could be really bad for the program. so, you will see he as the sealab moves along that it looks less permanent and a little more modern shall we say. that is the chamber where they are going to spend 33 or 35

hours in the chamber to decompress but with saturation diving as i mentioned earlier the idea is it is worth spending that many hours to decompress because you were able to live on the ocean floor indefinitely rather than going up and down as was done through the history of diving so it was a small price to pay for the amount of time you got to be down in the water. let's get this out of the way. well, this is george bond later in life. we saw him in his coonskin cap at the beginning that he became known as the father of sealab. he's got his uniform on and this is the time of sealab ii three we've got just a couple more things to cover. one is i wanted you to hear the voice of dr. bond. we heard some on the radio before. this was the conference afte

sealab ii is complete and it's been largely successful and you can hear him answer questions about how the whole thing went and you can hear his understandable pride and confidence in the whole idea and even a little bit of bravado of some people in the navy who a few years before didn't think this was such a good idea. >> captain bond would you highlight the achievements of this experiment for us? >> i suppose from the principal investigators point of view the major achievement is sending 28 men down and getting back 28. i see that not with my tongue in my cheek. this is a high-risk program as far as the material gains are

concerned. it's an extremely hazardous program. these men are in hazzard 24 hours a day, so it is with a thankfulness i see them all return to the surface. the second highlight is confirmation of the suspicion some of us have had for eight years at least that it is possible indeed if you provide the satisfactory environment and a breathing mixture it's possible to put man under high pressures and a terribly hostile environment and have him do useful work coming been his place on the ocean bottom where perhaps man has a right and come back successfully. this was highly contested some years ago. i think now what sealab ii we have demonstrated operation this can be done. the men in this room cumulatively have given you

three and one-half million years on the bottom at 200 feet and it could have been 600 feet and will be 600 feet before it's over. that is a gross highlight. i think the third highlight for me is ought we have no criteria of selection in the proper sense of the word nor did we get to the talented forces or tests to select our aquanauts, these 28 men worked on the common purpose and work together in a fantastic and good manners without friction, without jealousy, without all of the characteristics that plagued mankind when we were working together on the surface. there are common bonds. one is that they are all divers

and they are taught to care for their sake buddy the had the same goal and worked in the directions there is the highlight. probably the greatest highlight is 1i see here today. something that sarted in almost a sub rosa fashion in the dark corners of the laboratory the work being done on the weekends, work being done sometimes without official sanction, work being done in the face of cries that this is madness, and the inevitable question that came from some rather high people in the bureau's, what is the social significance of any work such as this? you are wasting your time and the navy's time. those questions i think our better answered today.

i'm satisfied we now have a navy program and will go on and have support and the energy of the people and the interest of the people of the united states. we have seen the program grow, and we have seen it grow into a healthy child. of this, to me, is a personal highlight that i will never forget. those are the things that i would have. >> the voice of captain george bond, great american character who it's been my privilege to kind of introduce and get people better acquainted with.

>> it was greater by the time sealab 2 and sealab 3, but people rally behind i think we might see more than today but that was really the case. after they shut the program down, after sealab 3 at the tragic events around that which are really very much like a polyp 13. we all know apollo 13, the trip to the moon and how just barely kind of made it back. that was like sealab 3 instead of with a less happy any. and one that resulted in the investigation, at the end of the program, but the programs and did not and the fact that they learned a lot after this, about deep diving and deficit at the et