was fun. so to look at individuals whose change national policy those on elected and appointed once that created major legislation. >> host: what do teach? >> political science we almost always have been in the neighbor -- the number one they get a technical and others to i keep my finger in the american government course. we have a required course that said what goes on at the abell academy when ollie

north does not understand the military? so the budget hearings required us of course, we don't talk about all of the sudan's but i like teaching the course. >> the idea to give a government check there is extra responsibilities. >> and also one more project, a book giveaway? >> one time one-shot that we have a load of fox we collected a bunch of books have never been paid per truckload to go to a landfill. so let's do another and another. we just passed five 5/6

billionth book. looked at the football field. side to side with and that is about to tractor to there and it is a library and a box. then we send items so some of the review books we dead and we believe we have the largest volunteer base contribution in the world that we can ship in expensive way. we have 4,048 contained but other organizations start at 16,000 because they use individuals. we bring them in and sort

them out. >> and but to other countries? >> we have done 40 countries. most african but you pakistan, tajikistan and south american countd sort them out. >> and but to other countries? >> we have done 40 countries. most african but you pakistan, tajikistan and south american countries but the philippines and places like that everybody wants to learn english. so we have some very basic and how to speak in qwest. and the of paying first genamerica we're finding all over the world people want to learn. but you can go to the

website big-books.org. >> host: professor stephen frantzich his newest book "o.o.p.s." observing our politicians stumble" burma we are that then it naval academy. this is booktv on c-span 2. >> chris anderson contends america is on the verge of an industrial revolution the author profiles the selection of startup industrialists that he calls makers using did social media and open source software to redefine the industry of manufacturing.

this is just over one hour. [applause] >> it is my honor to be here with you. this book came about by accident i did not set out to write or come part of the maker move men. it washed over me basically eight has exercise got horribly wrong, i have five children so i started staten island eight that is fun for you and the kids and i failed constantly. would weekend we got to

boxes and the first was of lego mindstorms robotics their late those with sensors and bad suitors. the other was the remote storer airplane propeller this a be the best deke negative a weekend ever. saturday we beautifully put together the floor current and with programming language i thought this was awesome then may get ready and push the button and it goes forward and it backs up. you are kidding. i have seen transformers. where are the laser's? it is not dealing and

hollywood has ruined robotics for children. i get it. we always have tomorrow. so we go to the park bank went up to retrieve it. but i was thinking about it. was frustrated and i failed once again how could that have gone better? a lego could have flown that better. for the accelerometers and compass and gps the phone eight your pocket has that. i'm not sure you could not

fly of plain. so we built the zero lego autopilot. and it turns out the autopilot is regulated munition. [laughter] but that made me realize there is something exciting going on in what used to be hard to do stuff. my little discovery is my children got me into the recognition maybe hardware or physical stuff is interesting and not scary anymore. so i started to mess around. >> >> of lotus write that down.

mexican drug factory. five years ago of assess the bad messing around now we have more drums in the air in the u.s. military. not that hours are the predators types but we could do it. materialize a regular guy could compete with the aerospace industry to use an open source hardware and technology made me realize something have been to. the last time i felt the chill was i saw the first web browser. when a realize the concept of publishing was threatened an end the internet.

we remember the first moment when we realize broadcasts publishing, communicating to billions of fico was a matter of of print and click that democratization plus of happening and then we got swim affair is two different the. >> but there is eight intellectualized framer. and then new holding in your hands. it does the same thing but with more layers.

it builds up feigns out of plastic. but when you get home we got one and now my children grew up with the printer and they think it is normal that anything they can imagine or draw they could rent out and they complain about the resolution by. [laughter] but it children have the 3-d printer is now. not all children but that was democratization moment. once you have seen this the technology that used to be hard and industrial is now cheap and easy we introduce world's like desktop and personal. i remember what happens with words like desktop and personal.

1977, is a job and just realize those little tips you can buy in the store could become to change the world. we have the opportunity right now to do the same thing with manufacturing. amazing saying is now we talk about moving the needle as a whole so the industrial economy is larger. if we could take the innovation model the cultural revolution and then the internet could be the beginning. then we could see whether

revolution could do. with a new industrial revolution i will look at it as the third. how this works. rear it is the quick wind. how many people think that it came in the 1700s? 1806? half of the room. 1900? of smaller group. the answer is nobody has a precise definition of the most think 1776 with the american revolution with the distinction but to have such power so we had amplified

human potential and that potential meant they could be more productive and be of low entrepreneur or a cottage industry than the firepower turns into water power but that basically replaced muscle power with machine power to amplify human capacity it doubled like that in the united kingdom between 30-year 58 million and huge improved the quality of life it you may think the factories were dark satanic mills but you have access to clean water

and sanitation. will also heard try. people did not live long and ultimately it is of quality of life. but that came at a cost. . .

you you you you you you you you come it was the democratization we needed everybody so dead our ideas so that it can ultimately be figured out what the computer was for. the major revolution, it is a combination of digital and industrial. it is the digitization of manufacturing technology and not just interdiction it. what it isn't just the democratization of that. it is the introduction of digital manufacturing tools to anybody and everybody.

that is when we start to see the creativity and the energy of everybody starting to come to their is some of the biggest industries in the world. this is the major movement. there are many definitions and i just want to give you a little technology about it. the credit goes to jail dorsey who works for o'reilly. a big publishing company. around 2005 or 2006, he recognized that there was something going on. the web generation was starting to use their hands more. he created makers magazine, it was hugely successful, they do more than 100,000 people that go to these fairs every weekend.

and i think it is the maker movement which is something identify with birds. they spotted that this was technology driven. so the roots are a little bit in the 60s, social change, power to the people, not san francisco, but the roots in the country. i think that they recognize that there was a cultural revolution under this as well. it was a combination of digital technology and new tools allowing people to do extraordinary things. and the recognition that people want to use their hands and they are all makers of something. if you are a chef you are a maker. if you are a golfer, you are a maker. children are born makers. what they recognize is that the

digital technology, these digital technologies will allow us to make this without having to use machines. that is the maker movement. it is the web generation meets the real world. it is a new generation of technology that allows us to start to compete with the biggest companies in the world and creating new kinds of manufacturing industries. just like the web, it can compete with the biggest industrial giants with a new kind of innovation model. talking about what it means for country and the economy, you know, it's a wonderful thing. >> thank you.

[applause] >> i appreciate you doing this. i think it is very interesting that you have drawn these parallels between what is happening in the physical industrial revolution and the semiconductor revolution, the digital revolution. one thing i remember just from watching the growth of the web and reading history that is reflected, people are a little bit skeptical that what is happening is relevant to the mass manufacturing. i thought it would i would share one of these questions with you as we start with the audience. while i completely understand the applicability, i think that you have way overstated what is or will ever be possible with digital printing. i understand your logic, but

those who have not previously printed will be disappointed. please comment. >> all right. that's a good question. first of all, this is a whole generation of digital making. quilters and sewing machines and if you buy one, it is basically a digital fabrication tool. three printers are the ones that we gravitate towards. there are companies that have made them very, you know, very accessible. second of all, it is kind of mind blowing. it is a replication and that kind of deal. let me explain a little bit more about how 3-d printing works. 3-d printing is not in mass production technology. it is a great way to make one of

something. i use it to make a prototype that you are ultimately going to make money, or due to customs. today, the industrial 3-d printers, my robot company -- we have printers that are fantastic. at home, it is more like a dot matrix printer. right now, they use plastic like you using legos and they melted out into layers. there are other ways as well. liquid resin, there are powders and etc. can go to a site and they have more expensive 3-d printers and you can get things printed in titanium. stainless steel. goldplated. the quality is astounding. ge 3-d prints turbine engines.

the limit is not a lot. the question is how long can it take? and took 16 years to get from a dot matrix printer with photo quality inkjet on your desktop. a little longer than 15 years? >> yes. >> now, it is how long it will take. i don't think it will be 15 years. in part because the maternal technology allows for x and y and then it can be x,y,z. one will be a good resolution, and actually even better resolution. and now you will see how it works for images as well as shapes. one after that, we use more than dysplastic and it allows you to

mix materials. it allows you to put the electrical wiring in. pla is a starch-based substance that is biodegradable. i talked to greg winter at our health conference and he is developing a dna printer. >> yes, i heard about that. >> yeah, we now have sequencing, which is super easy. sequencing is not hard. you can buy one any day now. we had this printing out and in order to read the dna and then to print the dna, it is a big tool and he is intending to make it a desktop one so that example, every year, every year we get our flu shot. the flu season starts soon. we have to make a guess as to what strain of the flu it will

be. rather than guessing, the doctor can send you an e-mail saying that it turns out it is this and that. and here is a little code, it allows you to print out your own vaccine, you can print it, and that is what 3-d printers will do. that is printing dna, which is a physical material. obviously, at this point, you have to think about what could go wrong. there are two questions to that effect. it could get a little too literal. [laughter] but i think that the only thing that stands in our way -- i have seen a lot of the latest technology and i am very

impressed. you are not going to print an iphone anytime soon. but you can print electronics of various sorts, maybe not semiconductors, but circuit boards and etc. so i think it will probably happen faster than regular printers. the only caveat i would make is that it's not in mass production technology. it is a prototype of technology. >> a lot of people want to talk about the disaster scenarios and drones and before we get into that, what are the impacts on the economy, the micro -- the macro and microeconomics. about the fact facts you're talking about some of the differences in mass production. there was a book that you roll

call two ways to make a duck. i thought we could start their. >> okay, when you get a 3-d printer and you have an idea and you print it out, it is incredible. you hold it in your hand and you post it on, you know, youtube or whatever, you tweet about it and you think, this is great. i would like one, too, and then you print a second and third one. then you spend your whole life watching the printer work. so you'll have to use a new set of mass production technology. so the good news is, i actually went back to 1972 -- it is probably more appropriate to go back to 1984 with the macintosh and the 1985 with the apple printer. we forget how mind blowing that was. it was desktop publishing. that was kind of amazing.

people used to buy ink by the barrel and publishing was hard. now, you can put it on -- you can put on your it on your desktop with software and point and click. it's high-quality professional stuff, and that is super exciting. those printers spoke a language. that language was the same spoken by other printers in the world. you really could upload and publish and that was kind of exciting. and then we did the same thing with a web and you can write code on your desktop and now you can push code out of the whole world and you could distribute as well and now we are doing the same thing with physical goods. now we have g-code and others,

it will drive the biggest things in the world. rather than 3-d printing it, it will do the inverse. it is an attitude technology that builds up something and you take away the object and then you make a mold. and now you can make millions of different things for pennies. now you are outputting it in a different technology and we have like cloud manufacturing. you can upload your file and it will mass produce stuff for you. robots and china will work for

you. >> it's pretty exciting. we got to the ability we could test and get feedback and take that exact same product from your dorm room at harvard all the way to public companies. the same underlying language that unleashed a whole new wave. we have a lot of skeptics out. a lot of people are worried that because in a democratized world of the internet, does this mean that it will result in fewer firms must choice for people in the parts of it have? and if so, some people are so optimistic that this will destroy traditional manufacturing, what will people do? >> welcome i wrote about what

happened when the common creation fell to zero, which is what the web did. and in its misunderstanding, but it was going to be the end of the blockbuster. and it wasn't. it was the end of the monopoly of the blockbuster. and recognizing that when you involve more people into creation, they tend to find new ways to create stuff. it tends to expand us as a culture and economy. and mainstream media as part of this. and i think the same thing tends to happen with manufacturing. you know, i went from playing with legos with my children in five years and now we have two

factories, you know, one in tijuana and one in san diego. we have 40 employees and we run very specific manufacturing. and you can say that we complete with aerospace. we don't though, because we are addressing a different market. we are looking at personal drones and they are looking at military drones. >> this is part of the questions that people can understand, what business you have running a drone company? >> well, my wife is among them. [laughter] it is just a flying robot. they have autopilot and gps and cameras and things like that. and it is just something you probably would be able to relate to. we all cool videos and the problem is when you're windsurfing, it's hard to get good video of that. what you want is a camera about

30 feet behind you and 30 feet up the focus is on you will time. you can hire a helicopter to do this, but it's pretty expensive and you better be good. or you could just have a robot camera follow you around. and that is what a personal drone is. that is what it does. you can have this follow me box and can push the button. it takes off, it comes over you, it positions itself, 30 feet above you, it just follows you around and you do your stuff and then when the battery gets low, it goes back to the shower. people are doing it now. >> probably not right now? >> not right now, but almost there. remember that the internet was a

military technology and computers were a military technology and now we understand and we are right there with drones as well. >> that was the question. thank you. you also wrote about how this will require a whole new financing method for developing the company providing them top down, a lot of questions about how bankers are going to understand this and private equity in a we have also seen the emergence of companies that are kick starters, accidental ways to bring financing into the economy. what's it like from the financing point of view? >> i knew about digital publication and web innovations. i could see the maker movement underway. but i didn't actually have an answer. but it is not always the best

answer. how many people here have heard of the kickstart a project? >> okay, what is that project? >> that is a fantastic project. you are a venture capitalist and you make a movement. you probably knew that. what is called a crowd funding site is a way to pre-order products -- it does three wonderful things. first the first thing is it moves money forward in time. when you think about traditional development, it is kind of all wrong. what we need to do is all of the cost of the front end, you have to prototype products. you have to to, you have to do the manufacturing, you know, all

of this money in the warehouse, only after you have done all of that stuff can he raise money from venture capitalism. you need money now and you're not going to get paid until later. we'll then, you pre-order it, and you get the money now when you need it, and you don't have to go back. if you feel your target, that tells you that part was probably not going to be successful. so market research is wonderful and i know you talk a lot about the products. you build things to lower the risk. the minimum viable unit, passing

that threshold of kick starters, it confirms that you have moved to a viable game. third thing is a good community. those people to pre-order a product, they are part of the movement and part of your team. they are evangelizing and tweeting this and leaving comments. they feel like they have a right to tell you how to make that product, and you have a right to listen to them. one person that said i love it, but it's not waterproof. so, okay. we will source that. or i would like more color. okay. so you get people that listen and then you respond, and the people that participated in the project, because of the way it

starts, this is the kind of marketing that money can't buy. that is the answer. one answer to the model. credit card is, you know, getting cheaper and cheaper to do this. credit card is not a bad way to start an operation. but it's not hard. you can sell things for more than a cost. it's not hard. apple sales, with no hard disk -- they were laboring in the internet business where they have no intrinsic cost of manufacturing and how we will come up with new business models. it is just super easy. you add a margin on your production costs and basically,

it is not like calculus. the great thing about it is he sat set it up right, you get paid on day one. >> what is your favorite kick starter project? >> i do love smart watch. i'm a bit of a electronics junkie. i major in it as we speak. [laughter] i do actually like looking at the time on my wrist. i love it not only because of of the kind of washed out by one, but measures my activity and sony announced they are smart watch. the fact that someone in palo alto could outsmart what a big

company can do, that's a big step. you know, when we talk about things, it's all going to come out in the movement. that level of innovation, the engagement. we think about the consequences of that, what are the organizational forms that companies are going to take? are they going to have to borrow the bureaucracy and coordination of big companies compete on a head-to-head basis when it is this going to be a new kind of company? >> i wish i could tell you that it's totally virtual and loosey-goosey and open. but yes, it may start that way, but the moment you get into real production, suddenly you have huge respect for resource planting and roles and responsibilities and credit from the bank and you have huge respect for traditional

manufacturing very quickly. so the community is open source. we are all out there, super transparent. as we got bigger and everything complicated, we started to look like ge. we have rules and responsibilities, we get hired and fired, we have accountants and lawyers and for good reasons, which is when you deal with this kind of scale, you basically have to -- there is a reason why manufacturing -- you know, we're pretty good at using technology with manufacturing and doing it well. we are more getting to where they are and not having to be a

big company to do it. >> what is required to get started, that seems to be coming back. you don't have to have a huge cost. >> right. a lot of this is open source. major companies, although they use traditional manufacturing, one thing that differentiates them is that they have the ability to recognize their customers are not just customers, but they are part of your innovation model and you can bring them into the crevice early on. that is a great lesson of the maker community. >> i would like to add that you are listen to the commonwealth club of california. our guest is chris anderson.

switching gears, this is not just a business phenomenon. this is a personal aspect where you share your stories and the legacy from your family -- i thought maybe you could share but that? >> yes, after i got into this, i thought, i have a little tiny desk in the study and my wife was like, you need a workshop. so i built one and i thought oh, my goodness, when i was a kid, i spent my summers in los angeles. thirty years earlier, i had forgotten about it. it all flashed back to me.

so at home, it was exactly what a swiss engineer, what a watchmaker would invent in the 1920s and '30s. los angeles was booming. they have had all of these green lawns and sprinkler systems that were very fancy and they had all kinds of little things. but they had to turn them on manually. when they realize is that we need to put a watch or a timer on top of this. so if you have one, that is my grandfather's patent from long ago. i would spend my summers with him and he would teach me about mechanical drawings. and as i got older, me and my

jean jacket, i would spend my summers learning how to use things like this. one time we made a gas powered and -- it was an engine. a gas powered engine. and i thought, where is the engine? you know, the hands of the master machinist, you take a block of metal and it was just stunning. and i forgot about it for 30 years. the reason being is that i didn't have the skills. i was in the machinist. he could take an idea and go from drawing board to prototype

because he had the skills and i didn't. what i needed was all of that to be turned into a black box. and that was my 3-d printer and taking the craftsman skills from idea to prototype with a push of a button, that's what brought me back into it. then i realized it had been in my blood all along. so with my daughter, i have three daughters, actually. girls are really into the game called the sims. they have home furnishings that you can put in it, and things like that. when video game time is over, they are like, okay. they have a real doll house, and

we asked, why don't you think put that? and they say it's not a school. and i am pretty good at saying no to these things. so i went onto amazon to look at dollhouse furniture, and first of all, it's very expensive. second of all, there are very little choices. it turns out there is no standard for dollhouse furniture. we kept getting it wrong. so i thought, no, not i'm not buying any more dollhouse furniture, it's not working out. however, we went online to an open design and we found the most beautiful designs lately to

design sets for broadway. by night, she designs beautiful dollhouse furniture and gives away for free on finger first. and we print them out, and then the girls paint them and they can make any dollhouse furniture that they want. anything they can imagine. they can create very they can make it personal and they treasure it the way that they would never treasure and in-house if it was from wal-mart or elsewhere. but they can make it exactly the way you want and we now realize we found a thread that runs through all of this, which is we are all makers, we are just waiting for the right situation.

>> it's kind of like this back to the breeds nostalgia. the original managers ran the machine shops, and they have a lot of questions about workshops and others that have been removed from the curricula, this old making of american life, and now it has this resurgence, but from robots. will you make of that combination? >> i use the word robots for effect as well. but they are just machines. basically computers that can do stuff. you know, and we have an opportunity to tap the instinct in all of us. number one, if you have children, consider that this might be a holiday season that you produce this.

remember when we were kids and their parents got home computer? it probably cost about $2000. wasn't quite clear what it was for, kind of programming, we figured into it, they would bring them into the home and the kids would figure out how to use it, and ultimately they would be better off for it. you would have a home 3-d printer, we are not quite clear what the app was. but we do know that it inspired the kids to imagine what they could be. i think the time is right. it is the one you should consider. the second is if you have a relationship with your local school, especially if you have an opportunity -- we have an

opportunity right now for right or wrong. but shop class, home economics, industrial arts, that is something that when we were kids, it was created by shooter classes and it was actually quite dangerous. i think we have an opportunity to bring it back in. by simply adding a couple of 3-d printers. now you have a design lab. to insert the word design into our educational curriculum. to teach design -- when you think about that, they can teach

them how to use mine cracked, which they think is a game, and they can design stuff and they can print out and take it home. and that's going to change that can fly. that's going to make them realize that maybe designing something they can do, maybe it doesn't require an advanced degree. and the point is that we are going to create a generation of makers. that is how we create an industrial revolution and bring manufacturing back. it is really exciting. >> my parents had a home computer how you described. that's absolutely changed my life. and if you look at the story, there are a lot of successful internet entrepreneurs. and they say, what was a pervert abler to be an entrepreneur when he was in college. he was in his basement working

for a lot of entrepreneurs. so to create that opportunity for a next generation to do that, not just with the internet, but industrial settings, that's pretty neat. >> yes, having just taken the company public, -- we need to deal with the armageddon question. my first question is, are you at all nervous about this? we've been talking about the positive effects and i'm very excited about it. i won't ruin it for you, but they have pretty nasty stuff and they have their own ability to make a certain deal.

>> it's fantastic, it's part of the third book. daniel and i have been touched. i'm not going to say it was modeled after a community, but certainly part of the knowledge of our community. i was on a plane and we were serving a meal in a closed my laptop and the engineers who create these ominous swarms, killer drones and etc. they would run amok and then i open up my laptop and the flight, oh, wait. that's how it happens. check close the laptop? and i thought, no, because if i don't do it -- i couldn't help myself. our swarms will be peaceful swarms. [laughter] we will promote civil

responsibility. but i don't know how to stop that kind of technology. computers can be used and you can hit them on the head with a hammer and here's what we do. okay. that sounds crazy responsible. but here's what we do. we open source technology and give it away on the internet to anybody. first of all, you know, we are not the only ones doing this. there a are a lot of people doing it and we feel that we have an opportunity to promote responsible use. also things about staying away from all kinds of stuff. the other thing is that we have reached out to all the regulators. the fda, the pentagon, etc. we've actually flown to washington, given briefings, and

they say you guys may be in this community and you need to know what's possible. because it's not my job to regulate. it's not my job to enforce it. it's my job to help them do their job better. we feel that our responsibility is to bring those entities that we trust in protecting our safety and bring them into the process and allow them to see what is possible. by the way, we have a deal. if you say something in the community, he said this is my idea and it might be a little dangerous, and we say, that sounds a little sketchy. we told everybody that we are going to do it. and we feel that that is our responsibility. let the pros do their job. >> do you think it's time for robotics? >> the problem is that everybody

thinks this up and it turns out that robots have already taken over the world. it's really hard, its artificial intelligence and all this kind of stuff. but that's not the way it's going to happen. we can't imbue our robots with the intelligence of ethical choices. we need to watch what is going on. and evolve our regulatory and surveillance we can spot it early. >> their questions about this and that, the doctor e-mailing

you dna for vaccine, what if someone send you a spoofed e-mail,. >> yes, i did talk at length about this. right now, dna synthesis is done by big companies and you can design, you know, games on the internet, high school students do this, design your own sequence and they will grab it and however, they are pretty good at running smallpox and other things, and they have some general guidelines. you don't know exactly who they were, but you completely trust them to protect you from that. that is one of few companies are doing all the work. one of those things are on every desktop? well, what we are going to do is

ensure that there is intelligence that does a little lookout. you do the lookup on the internet and it needs to sort of pass the test of not being dangerous. so right now, you buy a photocopier, it will look for u.s. dollar and u.s. currency and it is supposed to be able to detect currency. we do have some presidents to suggest that they will try to make sure the bad stuff doesn't happen. so that is the answer to that question. >> so you're not too concerned over the issues? >> you know, another thing that we can't ever anticipate these

things, but when i was a kid, there was the notion of test tube babies. does anyone remember that they met when i was a child, i think it was the 70s -- i actually thought they were going to grow the babies in test tubes and that they would be long babies. i was a little confused about this. well, today, i have babysitting test tube babies. but at the time, it was super scary. we were playing god, it was super scary and then we think, oh, it's not so scary. but right now, cloning is where it test tube baby was 25 years ago. so i think as with any radical technology, and try it out and dip your toes into it, and adapt to how we feel about it based on social norms and risks.

>> thing that you have to apply this is ethical standards of the community. >> yes. exactly. we cannot predict where technology is going. we cannot stop where it's going. all we can do is learn and see where it goes and adapt as a society and as a government to real threats rather than imagined ones. >> allall right, i'm feeling optimistic again. i remember when i was learning about the history. i remember being at the.com bubble and feeling like i had missed the vote on the technology revolution. all the great companies that are even found it and there was nothing else to work on and of course, social web, everything that happened in the last 10 or 12 years, i felt like i heard he missed the vote.

as we might have some people listening to this now saying, well, the book has been written and the movement is already under way. that person is probably thinking that they miss the vote. have a ketchup? how to get started? >> first of all, i hope no one is thinking that. we are looking at the biggest industry in the world. they hadn't been touched by the social models yet. what we have here, with the web taught us is that the missing markets -- we knew how to reach markets of 10 million. we knew how to reach markets of 10. we didn't know how to reach 10,000. in the long-term, the web, and then it turns out that some of that will become near 10 million. but then we found a place for markets of 10,000 there are in

the physical world. you live in brooklyn, you know all about this and you recognize that as people get more discriminating in their taste and more informed than their choices, we move towards things that are just right for them. they are willing to pay more for it. imagine you have the technology and the distribution model and now you have a way to define those markets. how many niche is are there that don't make sense for mass manufacturing or your little workshop but are now reachable with the industrialization to make a movement. >> i would like to read something that you wrote towards the end of the book. he said the maker movement holds

the balance towards the culture of the best innovation model and not the cheapest labor. they are unbeatable for finding the best talent and motivated people in any domain. look for those countries with the most vibrant web communities that lurks in the most innovative with companies that grow. a lot of the questions that we got were about silicon valley, san francisco, the center of the digital revolution. where should we be looking for that revolution and a lot of people coming from around the world, thinking that i want my city to be part of the movement, what steps should they take to make it grow? >> the great thing if it doesn't have to be the center. it's happening everywhere. the second thing is one of the really cool surprises is brooklyn or new york has tried to make a movement.

how is it possible that we are bringing manufacturing to brooklyn? the answer is that as the tools get smaller and smarter and cheaper, it's more and more about design and the idea of creativity and what is the design center of america. we have more design schools than anywhere else. so the design skills compensate for the labor costs. you know, inefficiencies. i think it is fantastic the new manufacturing to where the most creative and smart people are. you don't have to move it to the middle of industrial wastelands, but to where people live and where they have ideas and needs. shorter supply chains, more stable manufacturing.

contact between the main way things are made and consumed. it is a fundamentally healthy model. >> we have time for one last question. i know whenever you open questions of, there is always one wacky questions. hollywood and anna. okay. software tools on earth, used by people who design printers on the moon, which produce local materials, how realistic is that and what's up with juicy produce at their? >> that is part of the replicator. what you have, remember, the box has these sorts. you imagine lots of piles of goo that it would just download the

recipe and makes the right proportions and fabricate them in the right layers and you have sort of assembled the south end you've got it. this is atomic construction, it actually has to do with the laws of physics. it actually almost could be done. >> off our ways are? >> we are pretty far off. but probably not too far. so in that model, you are talking about atomic assembly. we talk about it all the time. your body knows how to do certain things already. biology is a fantastic thing. assemble commodity proteins and create the most extraordinary machinery that anyone has ever

seen. so we know how to do it. i think that the answer will be less about machinery and more about harnessing the lessons of biology and just creating biological fact factors. >> i would like to give thanks to author of the new book "makers: the new industrial revolution", chris anderson. we would also like to thank our audiences here, radio, and television, and the book is on sale in the lobby. we appreciate you are allowing him to make his way to the table as quickly as possible. this meeting, the place where you are in the know, is finally adjourned. [applause]

>> is there a nonfiction author or book that you would like to see featured on booktv? send us an e-mail at booktv@c-span.org. for tweet us at booktv.com. >> on the screen now is brian vandermark. he is a professor of history and the author of several books, including his most recent.j)j)k) families for generations and the story of america's influence in the middle east. professor, who wrote this? >> he was the founder of what later became the country of of the root. >> having people by doing this? >> he had a lot of entrepreneurial spirit. he also had the financial backing as well. >> as in dodge cars? >> is in the conglomerate which made him quite wealthy in the 19th century.

what was his goal and funding the american university in beirut? >> i think it became his life's work. he was determined to convert muslims to christianity and very quickly realized that wasn't going to happen. another way to make a connection was not to convert them, but to educate them. and to improve it. because that is what they respond to positively. once he had that insight, he developed the heart of thex middle east. >> was it still open? >> it is, indeed. it has weathered many copiers in 1971 until 1975. but it remains open even through the tough times of the civil

war. >> who owns and runs a? >> it is still run by an impressive group of professors and administrators who are both middle easterners and americans. the current president is peter gorman. he is a direct descendent of daniel bliss. he chaired one of the important departments at the university of chicago before he took up the softest couple of years ago. >> is it coincidental or is it on purpose? >> important thing to recognize is that he is extremely well credentialed and he has a personal passion for the school because of his family connection to again, who owns the american university? >> the vast majority of

students. >> isn't associated with a religion or another school? >> is politically secular and non-secretary and. >> what does it cost to go there for your? >> i have no idea. >> what would it have cost back in the day of reverend les? >> i do know that over time they begin to open the doors. not just to the offspring of the elite, but to people of all ethnicities and classes and religions. and that is part of its appeal and merit. >> how is it viewed in the middle east and how is it viewed when brevin bliss opened a? >> i think those are two separate questions. i will start with the chronologically earlier ones. there was part when the school opened in the 1860s. americans who didn't have very deep roots in the region. the rather quickly, it became apparent to those who are not as

orthodox christians, but this was the best place to get the best possible education. within a generation, it had become what it remains to this day. which is the harvard of the middle east. what is magnificent about that is that it isn't all-inclusive invitation founded by americans that exists to serve the interest of the middle east regardless of background. it is an example of reaching and taking? >> how do you see this as being a part of american diplomacy for the middle east? >> only indirectly. the leadership traditionally attempted to maintain independence from the united states government, which i think is appropriate and practical. but it serves american interests in the sense that it gives middle easterners of whatever

background and awareness that the united states has a humanitarian presence in the middle east. it has not always been about the cultivation of military forces for national security. americans have been there for 150 years giving to the nation in practical and beneficial ways for the people, not just for us. but that is why i wrote the book. i wanted them to know that not one and i wanted the american people to know that story. >> who was malcolm kerr current? >> he was a professor at ucla who left the year before i arrived work on my phd. he had grown up in beirut. though he had made a very distinguished career for himself as a scholar of the middle east, he went home in the early