run-of-the-mill books, things, even some of the books that were priced slightly higher, people thought there were fairly scarce because you could go into five or ten stores and not find a copy of a book, but when you look on the internet there are readily available. so the price has gone down for a lot of things. on the other hand, we have been able -- it used to be it if we bought a book about the city in oklahoma we would really have to wait until someone from oklahoma came in and was interested in that book. now with the internet, we can list that book and someone in oklahoma finds the listing and resell the book pretty readily. with publishers producing fewer books every year now, if they don't patronize stores like this or independent stores, they're going to find that there aren't going to be books around. there is already a decrease in the number of books that are

available because of the-books, textbooks being put on line instead of being produced. so there will definitely be a decrease in the number of books available. if stores like this still survive there won't be books readily available for the public. as the book business continues to change, i would like to just be able to persevere and stay here for the indefinite future. >> for more information on book tv recent visit to providence, rhineland, and the miniature cities visited by our local content vehicles could to c-span.org / local content. >> next on book tv, henry gallagher recalls his assignment as officer in charge of the security detail for james maraniss, the first african-american admitted to the

university of mississippi in september 1962. this is about 60 meant -- 40 minutes. >> thank you, ralph, john. my gratitude to lover of congress for hosting the event. i will try to put into 30 minutes with happened to me 50 years yo was a reflection. this is my tenth but event says the book was published in september, and each event is different, its audience is different to me to the questions a different. i was a 23-year-old r.o.t.c. second lieutenant from a small liberal arts college in minnesota sent down to mississippi to -- along with 15 or 19,000 other federal soldiers to quell the riot, put down a riot. i was not aware what we are doing in order going because the county administration had put a clamp on public disclosure.

not until we get too many since world -- memphis where we wear our mission. it was such a delicate, uncomfortable effort by our u.s. military, and it was a military -- often times a say was an army out of place. it was not our mission. military police said that mission sometimes, but they occurred every hundred years or something to that effect. clearly not the mission of the second airborne are 101st or even the marine corps. 19,000 troops, two units had prepared, had been given advance notice and were prepared. why all this for one african american student who wants to get an education, that -- is because the whole state was in an insurrection from the governors, the state house itself down to the 11-year-old who was starring bricks in the street. it was total chaos, total mayhem

. even the mississippi highway patrol had pulled away, so there was year insurrection. the -- it lasted two or three days, the violent part, and after that i was appointed to be a security officer for james meredith and went to school with him. he went to school. i stayed outside with a hand-picked patrol, three jeeps, 12 soldiers and we were there throughout the year. we transfer back and forth. almost one year until he graduated in august of 1963. i was 23 years old. i grew up in an all white neighborhood in south minneapolis. that was pretty much it. and so it was an eye-opening for me, but, again, we were trained, and i'm so proud of what the army did. when you write a book, and this is my first, the publisher has the say on what the title should

be. i would call it mississippi morning because we will come up with 6:00 in the morning. tear gas said past, the sun had come up and and would like any other small town. it was an awakening of the culture, the university of mississippi would never go back to its old days. the publisher comes along and wanted james meredith to be in it. the book is not about james meredith. often book titles, the subtitle carries the story, and it is a soldier's story. an army at a place to yes. again, they did their job. i saw pieces of violence after that first morning, but then we move into someone boredom. a board to the point that even he himself, james meredith, an eccentric but brave character said -- sort of chafe at being guarded as we would guard him, not moving him around from point to point as we were advised by my iconic hero, a civil-rights

hero, first assessments of rice division. he was to have as much freedom as any other student. well, yes. but at the same time there are deer hunters, and it was the season, and we were constantly aware of who might come upon to the campus. did not look like a student, had been to mine in a deer rifle and we had to be constantly aware of that kind of threat to his life. a brave person. i was sitting in his dormitory room the first couple of days reading the hate mail, the death threats. a very detailed. we know where you live, or your parents are. or going to kill you, your tolerance. and i looked at janzen said to have you read this one. he looked back and said the limelight from a spanish class. let's go. that can the bridge every state with him in that kind of courage stayed with him throughout my

association with him. he never crack troubling to. the students plan to. i should say that 99 percent of the student body went about their weight inning and education. they cared little about him being on the campus. to them it may have been an annoyance. we were the annoyance. a handful of students would go everywhere he went to every corner. here comes the near. come back to africa, you black bastard. are going to get you, and that state on through october or november, but his lessons when i came back in the spring. the racial attitudes were still there. he reminded me, and it was not just the students yelling. it was parents, grandparents, legacy of the separation of races in a state. it was their van and it is to a certain extent there now. fifty years later we have an african-american president.

this service on the campus. it should not be blown up. so many of the headlines the next morning said racial protest at old ms. it was not. it was a group of students who did not like the results of the election, but just a handful of them were throwing our racial slurs screaming. so that has to be in context. mississippi today as an expression mississippi was mississippi is meaning they have changed in the way that i think a lot of the northern press is not aware of them or now. the army had been, thank you very triming, desegregated to apply where the time that i and then, 1962, it was fun now. there may have been racism back in the barracks and a tense, but it was not out in the open. alabama, pnc saluted the black

officer. dick the orders from black sergeants. once we left the comfort of the army base and the posts, as we move south, it was a different culture that we got into and, of course, it was a freeze frame, a photograph, a snapshot of racism that we saw that first morning and continued to see well over there. so too does the military. they did a good job. my driver onetime asked me, what are we doing? redoing any good down here. late november. i said to my well, he is still alive, is in the? yummy lack of response to that to a direct question, but that answer to that question was enriched and embraced 50 years later. i was in jackson mississippi earlier last month. the fifth of the sixth book event. archives downtown jackson, middle-class, mixed-race,

african-american and white audience, maybe 30 or 40. i tell them the art of my story and we went into a question and answer time from 20 to 30 minutes. a little bit of a larger room and this year. an african american woman about the second row back was visiting in an issue wanted to say something. i want down and said, are there any more questions. she shot her hand and said, yes, i want to say something. i don't know helicon say it. i said, go ahead. i think i have enough there to say it, but i wanted thank you for coming. i did know if she meant that morning or 50 years ago. she said, let me tell you my story. i was growing up in vicksburg. danny told us to stay in the house a state with no windows. the struggle of the street. not a lot of noise. it was not a good time for blacks in vicksburg and not a good time for blacks to be invested in mississippi. that weekend i had faith in all

lead to things, god and the united states army. that moment i grabbed the podium she started tearing up. as i tried to respond to my started tearing up. and there was obviously a murmur of approval brought the audience so she stood up, but the figure means that, they do for coming. i came over here 50 years later to say that in september. it was worth everything. the book tour. i have a university crest. they don't pay advances. d'agata hotels compare for the airfare, tells him everything because i want to get the message out, young people to know all about what happened 50 years ago. that poignant moment answered the question that my driver asked me 50 years earlier. sir, are we doing it down here. so of never forget that moment.

putting a book together like this 50 years letter -- it is in the first person because i wanted to get be ahead of where the protagonist is. the protagonist it not know we were go -- where we're growing. we were not told. the reader has some idea. until our planes arrived in memphis the next morning to an airport, and therefore space, a navy base that had more landings, i think, that no airport had that morning. it was busy. the kennedy administration did not want to lose out. when you are appointed to be the security officer in such a situation, you keep notes. names of people. today we call them persons of interest among people who did not look like since.

every night at to report to the fbi for anyone that might have come into oxford and checked into until the did not look like to belong to the. so i kept those notes and looked at them of the years. i started this book tin years ago. i started talking to people who were in my unit, and they provided me with anecdotes. i looked over at the newspaper section, over magazines. i started piecing things together. ken burns says, look at a photograph on enough, the photograph comes to life. the person that has a life before that that shot and has a life after it. you begin to, again, put things together. you take a photograph some of your buddies there were at the camp down there and you start looking at them. make is to the campuses are trying to retrace steps. that is what became. i connected the dots and had a lot of support. so you're in the room here to keep pushing this thing.

if i don't i will sign books after this event. if i don't have a familiar inscription i will put down. please pass it onto the and person. this happened 50 years ago, but it happened yesterday morning. racism is still there, still in mississippi in our society, but they have made great strides, they, the university, governor winters racial reconciliation. most proud of that. bringing books, people, speakers to university of mississippi. i brought myself a few people down. a columnist here in town went down with me three years ago. he had an interesting comment. the northern liberals looked at the civil rights movement, a laudable event, noble, noble movement until it started moving north. then the texture of the comments changed.

that's pretty much my story. i want you to buy the buck. isabela in people to know about. racism is still there. the army plays a significant role 50 years ago. i'll never forget what that woman told me, they do for coming. any questions? lionel. >> i actually was going to ask this question a little later. the same question that your asked, are we doing any good here, as last year in vietnam when you serve there in the late 60's. never knowing of this chapter in a life, and you gave me a pretty

new wants to answer. there are many shades of gray in vietnam. learned a lot from you never knew the whole time that you had done this as a and man. i salute you and thank you for being a mentor, trying to answer that question. i admire you greatly. >> thank you. thank you. >> i'm wondering why you decided to do your books on one slither and if you have any specific training in the army for this kind of duty before you went down there or you kind of way? >> it took awhile to write the book. i have a law practice for many, many years. i kept the nets and felt ultimately that i would put it together, the pieces together.

a magazine article. it expanded and became what is right now. but always behind in my mind i want young people to know, i want young people to know that this ugly this happened. it took awhile. my brother is a writer in new york and my editor for a while. sapphire in three times. i went back with the help of my wife back into my first year of legal research because i had certified that this is a piece of nonfiction. i fell with the more you could just when it. once you start the highlighting things you have to get the ready. consent from people whose photographs you put in. i wanted to put that then. my wife reminded me, you need his permission. he said to me. he did not send it to the world.

he signed it on the backside of the envelope he said it's about time you get your account. fifty years later. it took a long time yeah, it did take longer than i thought it would, but, again, piecing things together, u.s. news and world report's, life magazine, but magazine, all those helped me support my story. the story, in camaro protagonist that did not know what was going on, but up but that's in the book so that the reader knows what is going on. no clue until we get to mississippi and the memphis. your second question, i'm sorry. >> training. >> training. >> what kind of training did you have. >> military police, pow, prisoner control compass -- prisoners, our own people.

taking them back and forth from the jail to court appearances, things like that, but never protecting, never bought regarding. we have no starter kit. we just when did the first of days. and mistakes are made. you keep looking at meredith and not at the second story of a building to another window. you keep thinking like a mother watching his child afford on the street. you keep looking. well, that is the wrong thing. you don't like your charge. you look at who might bring harm to the charge. it is just instinctive. you look in the crowd and do is let me ask. wire the litmus test? on the planning? of the moving around depending on where we go? how they looking at meredith just out of curiosity? there want to be there. a piece of history. again, training, it was on on-the-job training.

is any body served in the military? please commands. so few of us left these days. you just throw a second lieutenant and to the pool. if he survives his survives. not come up from one another. they're expendable. yes. to -- sharpshooters, military policeman who were veterans and had some degree a performance, professionally self control, self restraint, not trigger happy, this was an important event in the eyes of the world around the soldiers. so luckily i picked the right ones. in the event in and as the night before very few units had to undergo, we were separated by the blacks. the blacks had to step back. the night before we went off, they felt that the situation on

the campus was so incendiary that the snipers in the trees would have been picking of blacks. 1962, a founder of the army. a large part of our leaders, noncommissioned officers were african-american. one captain was a black officer. step back, shamed, could not cut in mississippi with us. by wednesday of that day maris looked at me and said to monday to the tunnel where are your negro soldiers? well, i said that line up to the command. they brought the black soldiers down. i've picked people in the patrol to have at least some common-sense.

>> has anybody you participated in the riots ever expressed any sense of embarrassment? >> i did not have enough time to finish by one to do. i wonder have an appendix. i put ads in the newspaper, so natural. my name is so-and-so. i was put down the mississippi by the army. there is a lot of commotion on the set of this issue. of like to talk to some of you, put your remarks and my book. i did not have enough time and got no response. had i gone further, got into alabama and georgia, short, probably could have,. untrained is a lawyer. i don't care about your racist tendencies or your view on segregation, but give me your story.

it would have added a bit more texture. at the very few people have come forward in a public forum, at least and expressed their views, whether they have changed or not all of them have not. i would have wanted to have them interviewed as well. it would have held that the in the book as an appendix. from time to time, yes. he has gone on his life to lead the university of mississippi has gone its way. he is an interesting character. written a book this last summer revisiting why he did what he did. a courageous guy. now, -- >> i commend you for writing this book. i commend you for writing this book. so often we focus on those horrible things that happen which are important to share, what is also an important for

people who actually did something to share their stories my parents or -- the family lived in alabama for generations . my grandfather was one of the department of justice and police i grew up hearing their stories, but i rarely hear and a public forum individuals talking about what they did. i think it is important to share those stories so that we can learn from that and of that you can do something, and you can make a difference. you can inform the public discourse, not just the few, the majority, influencing negatively my question to you, do you know of any effort that is going on to collect the stories of people

, just ordinary people who were involved? >> sure. ten years ago at the 40th anniversary there was an old history project for those returned stillness. marshalls, soldiers, students, faculty. i think the repository of that written word is on the campus of the university of mississippi. researchers clearly for them to go through and do that. let me comment a little bit about what gets news and what does not. my first event was here in washington two months ago at of all place in alzheimer's curve. i felt strange going into the room. i did talk about my story, about spongy minute round tables. one man was agitated to the point because we threw some point of humor in here that he did not like. i tell you, i was down there as a lawyer working with the radio

stations in jackson. the blacks and whites, we were trying to reach some accommodation, some sort of meeting. commend this is the first a letter this. now, of course, my mission the amount was not reaching out to blacks and whites on various stations in jackson. we had the best to go after. unfortunately, those kinds of events don't get the publicity that they should. right minded people, well minded people seeking some accommodation. not unlike what happened three or four weeks co on the election nine and illness. one newspaper reporter had called it a race riot, a racist right occurring. it was not that. anti obama students, pro running students came out under the campus and demonstrated the

right. they can do that. and a handful of students were screaming out racial slurs. putting that in context, the next day three times that amount of people showed up for a candlelight ceremony protesting the incident the night before. so mississippi was mississippi is moving. but you're right. there is more and more that should come and talk about it. you can get a balanced picture that their view of the south may not be the correct view today. it is not just a bunch of rioters throwing bricks. thank you. >> can you talk a little more about social security details? and i assume you were chosen for

that. to you know why you were chosen? how did it end? >> thank you. i was the lead jeep in my battalion once we landed to go down sarah oxford. we were not prepared. i had to -- do your best. this is up for i have some not -- this is after i asked him about a map. armies have maps of central europe bread russian tanks will come across, park benches to my fire and utterance. we did not have a map to get that from the air station down to oxford, mississippi. do your best, he said. i looked out. my brother had been an analyst manny said to me whenever you do as a second lieutenant in a dawn shaw decision. macon order, make a decision and

move with it. i grabbed my driver and radio operator and looked out across one of president eisenhower's new interstates going along side him as saw phillips '66 gustation. it i grabbed him, went over, full battle gear, a gas mask, but still, everything else, up to this midnight shift gas station, filling station operator. can i have a map? mississippi. you know, one that just shows the edge of memphis. so that was preparation number one. we have a map. though the jeep for 640 military policeman. 140 vehicles. the driver and the lead jeep and a lieutenant have a map. crossing into the base i notice that there was a sure patrolmen working the night shift at the

gate of that. and no one was coming. i tell my driver, stop. let's move over and ask this guy how to get down to mississippi. well, we put the map out on the hood and he had a flashlight. you go down this line and get to the state line. take highway 78 and you will get. well, i get back in the jeep. one of those things to you. i gave him the name of jarrell. i hope he reads this book or his grandchildren read the book and let them know. i went back to him and i said, look, we are just a bunch of yankees from the north. under your navy and i am army, would you have to help us out. yes, i was sure you again. no, don't show me. you're coming with this. his eyes popped out. i can't do that. i will be a wall. besides. your army, and navy.

again, this make a decision. get in the jeep. well, if nothing else trying to nudge. my driver was bigger. he was nuys step into the back of my jeep. we raced back into the base and 140 vehicles, had less looking at me. and i had that next -- mixed emotions, more insurance, more insurance and how to get there, but i also felt that just kidnap somebody. anyway, five or 20 minutes later we went up the gate to mississippi. down the road at some resistance . tennessee highway patrol, up to the state line, saw this big sign, mississippi, welcome to the magnolia state and i was looking around for the mississippi highway patrol. aren't they going to pick us up

and take us? well, did not know until six hours later i did not know that they had totally blocked off the performance of their duties, totally left the state of mississippi in further insurrection. made our way down a 2-lane highway, ultimately reported to a general officer, and when you're a second lieutenant he barely show up reporting to a lieutenant-colonel, and here was a general officer with the start scholer. he said to my want you to take a platoon of soldiers down to the lyceum. put out the riots. units have been there already. then go downtown. and did not -- i did not want to ask him anything. you don't say, well, excuse me, sir. may ask you a few questions. you don't do that.

you of the executive secretary is looking in all oil and until you're a little bit about your yeah just been given. i said yes, sir. out the door of this of the airport confine. as i was walking back to my gp lieutenant-colonel or major chemical and provided me all the details. the lyceum. that did not even know what that was. it turned out to be a major urban station building for the university. so i went through a series. al was on larry, of three jews trying to get back to the italian eyewear. we get lost, had other rioters, made my way back to went back through this backyard of this old lady who was killed by then, for the morning, standing as coming in this. a hidden under her backyard with mike conroy, made up to the highway, five of its ninth commander orders from the general and as ready to go back to the campus, leyna wanted to retrace my steps, and they did

retake to have retraced my steps to that side driveway. arrested at out on the avenue of sunshine to measure how long it takes for 140 vehicles to pass one. going 14, 15 miles-an-hour. the get go to in our for our time in, the yankees from new jersey, to arrive in the south petallides backyard. but a few minutes later, maybe an hour later i had gone over to where the command was in the armory. my colonel cannot and said, you're going to be the security officer for james meredith. and then the hand picked the best defined. sharpshooters, self control, and we were not to be too close. thirty seconds of them. by radio. i often said that we can only guess the killer. he really couldn't prevent harm to have the customer again, he was allowed to freely walk

across the campus. so that is -- it was called. hardly something ferociously bear or tiger what is so that. the person can buy the first chances to local order you going to collier patrol. yet seven name for a variety of purposes. and to 1961, reading a penis cartoon from the local newspaper. he said, call yourself the patrol. pinel one, two, three, four. that was it. a week later the cuban missile crisis occurred, slipped everything else of the news. i read the telegram from the pentagon that my unit would be deployed as certain vacation point in south carolina. but the patrol was stay in place so it became part of pentagon lower, and long, literally

that's your question, with the was it. >> the fact that you selected your particular team. as you know, working in disasters around the world after the time in vietnam with the u.s. military and the u.n., i've never seen as situation where the unit commander is actually pick the right people. >> i did, yes. >> i don't believe that exists in the war. >> the go to the first sergeant and say this is my assignment. please select. because they knew more than i did. in the head of italian to pick from. so there'll to get some brega people. generally they did their duty. nearly lost they're cool. we had one hour to close to my closed incidents thereafter in front of the cafeteria.

well they hated the marshals, the deputy marshals, the civilians running around in blue suits, they had regard for us because we wore uniform, part of the tradition of the south, and patriotism first. so the did not give us too much trouble, but once in awhile : while they did. again, the book is dedicated to my visayan members because they were an army and a place to when they perform so well. >> i'm sure that would be the case today. sibila said the following individuals will go down under tim gallagher. some gabba and it does could decide that. you don't have the same kind of dirty dozen -- >> i think so. at think you're right. >> and that's a weakness. yes, ma'am. >> i don't have a question, but a comment. i grew up in pennsylvania and

conservative lankester counts it -- county, but i was living in gulfport mississippi at the time of this incident. and i learned in mississippi that i was a yankee, and it was not a complimentary term. i never thought of it being applied to me before. living in the north to my just never thought about being a yankee. we did not talk out loud very much because our access would have betrayed the says yankees and the tension was tremendous, so we kept a very low profile and listened to. it was a horrible time. >> has anyone seen the movie help or read the book? that reflects and shows some of the culture of the time. i think president kennedy said, while mississippi of all places? why couldn't it be georgia,

which tell little bit of a liberal tradition, growing a little. maybe alabama. the deepest of the deep south states, mississippi. well, was not picked by a group, committee. he is one of the euros school. they're run the army caught up with what he was doing. you is this tech? we get to play catch up. i did not -- i was in a cocoon those six months. i did not have a chance to go off campus and talk with the locals and see that. again, there is the square, william faulkner square down and the middle of oxford. i don't know if it still happens that way, but if you are an african american 1962 and had any business on a square, you better be about a quickly.

go to the bank. no loitering. no hanging around talking to each other. did your job done and move on. if you tried on a hat, it was your had. you bought it. that kind of a culture. the army has this kind of assignment. humor breaks out. thank god for that. one of our black officers says, when the front of a bus. i'm in the front of of bus in mississippi. that kind of survival humor because it was boring. it was boring, except for those first moments of tension during the riots and the intention letter on when he would be moving from class to class, and we would spot a car that should

not be there, someone that did not look like a student. other than that, lot of flat time in a lot of boredom. things got, again, for humor. one new yorker said, i wish that , you know, mississippi should really be like a foreign state. like canada, different license plates and cigarettes and soda pops. may be different stamps. this is a man who could not wait to get back to new jersey and the plane landed. they all kissed the ground demand he could not wait. i knew then and there was not over until i saw the word york on the holland tunnel. thank you. [applause] >> we would like to hear from you. tweet us your feedback. twitter.com/booktv you're watching c-span2 with politics

and public affairs weekdays featuring live coverage of the u.s. senate. on week nights what's key public policy events. every weekend, the latest nonfiction authors and books on book tv. you can see past programs and get our schedules on our website in joining the conversation on social media sites. over the last few weeks book tv has aired several best of 2012 book lists, which are all available at booktv.org. we also sat down with sarah wine in a publisher's marketplace to discuss the past year and the literary world. to watch that conversation and more, visit booktv.org in search 2012 year in books. >> they put us in a few of them. i don't know. took a shot. as soon as that shot was fired, i went down and that think he

was something like 96 tanks and had tracked past. each one would fire into the group and then they came around, anyone was morning a shot. >> just put it simply, you are in this town in belgium. the 150 were made captive, and about 84 of them were then shot down by ss forces that captured them. as survivors played dead in the field after they were fired on by machine guns at close range from the distance from myself at the podium to use sitting in the audience, this range, machine guns were fired at these men. it did not run. they fell to the ground. >> december 17th to man american convoy traveling through belgium is spotted and captured by german troops. the massacre tonight at 9:00 eastern and pacific compart of american history tv this weekend .

>> here is a look at some books being published this week.