significantly destroy the qaeda and yet we see the terrorist acting up again. instead of that story we saw a story about a mitt romney gap and romney probably didn't handle that situation that well with this press conference. he said the wrong things but there was an actual real policy story about the guy who runs the entire foreign-policy apparatus in the united states. it really does seem that i used to work for robert novak and he is to say a reporter is someone who's sells his soul for a good story but it turns out in the story might make iraq a bum look his presidency look like a failure, the reporter suddenly uses a lot of intellectual curiosity. ..

>> we were practically the only ones to write about it. in some cases, the only one. people seem unaware. everyone is aware that the economy is kind of lacking. but obama has already been able to make the argument that we are turning the corner and we can do what we can. people don't believe that there is suppression for people your age or my page today. that group has not regained a single job since the recession

ended. do not blame obama for the crisis. look at what happened since june 2009. there are fewer of us working today than there were in 1997. in all of the jobs being recovered are being taken by people 55 years old and older. i can find exactly one story at least recognizes the job recoveries. but the fact that young people have an opportunity today and are not finding jobs and not moving ahead, that was missed during the election. there is no reason why we should have been the only ones just yet. >> this is the author of spin masters. thank you for joining us. >> thank you for having me. >> you're watching booktv on c-span2. here is our primetime lineup for tonight. up next, fiona deans hallora

profiles thomas nast. the one associated with the donkey and elephant being associated with political parties. and john lewis and john carlos talk about their experiences during the civil rights movement. at 10:00 p.m. eastern, our weekly "after words" program. david bernstein sits down with a a special guest. he concludes nights programming at 11:00 p.m. eastern with sandra day o'connor in her book out of order. stories from the history of the supreme court. as a booktv.org for more information on this weekend television schedule. >> you are watching booktv on c-span2. coming up next, fiona deans hallora recounts the life of thomas nast. a regular contributor to harvard

weekly, he made the donkey and the elephant the symbols of the the political parties in our country. this is about 40 minutes. [inaudible conversations] >> good evening. welcome to the historical society. i want to thank you for joining us tonight. what i know will be a very interesting program. "thomas nast." he is the father of political cartoons. i want to thank you for being here. this is the first time in a while that we have had the ability to start an evening program. i appreciate you coming in and bring with us. our mission is to preserve and tell the history and culture. we have a really nice cartoon collection here. we have one example that our

speaker might have time to point to later. if we have any additional questions, jim is here and he can certainly bring you up to speed. we would love to have you join us read we are not supported by government funding. we would appreciate your membership there. sarah is at the bathroom holding back of the room holding up her hand. this is the commercial part of our program. i will now move along to why you're here. we welcome you and thank you for joining. doctor fiona halleran is the department chair in ap history teacher in salt lake city. and she was a visiting assistant

professor at. she earned her phd in american history at the university of california los angeles. she has been a research fellow at the huntington library and the university of oxford. she has contributed to europe and she published numerous essays including shell i trust these men, postwar black manhood and fathers, preachers, rebels and men. and this draws the line in cartoons and history. please join me in welcoming her.

[applause] >> thank you. thank you, mark. thank you to jamie and scott here. we appreciate you helping us make this even possible. my friend e-mailed me to say, stop worrying. before we began come i would like to mention this image on your right. it is a particularly charming example of the work of thomas nast. other than some traditional thank you notes, he drew himself, which he has done here, very typically as you can see. short and unkempt. he loved its his job facial hair all over the place. and he wrote a note to thank him

partly because people really liked it. partly because having grown up in newark city, he was not capable of writing something that anyone would consider gracious. so his wife could do it for him. so he had the genetic spelling and his handwriting is very distinct. people want to know how i came to write about thomas nast. it is a story that originated in graduate school in california. where i was contributing material for an encyclopedia of being produced by my advisor and i chose his name off a the list thinking that it would be entertaining. and then i was in graduate

school and my advisor said, i don't know what i'm doing here. she said, all right, she call me back and said that it's fine, it's not you. there is nothing. and i thought, okay. so it turns out that what existed at that time was a biography published in 1904 by albert king, who is a newspaper writer for a children's magazine and newspaper. there was a picture book published in 1968, but approximately 57 pages of it. and then there was quite an odd book, but a great book. published in the mid-90s. a book about nixon and it is not

the usual book. but it is an interesting book when you get around that. so it seemed like a good idea to write about the topics and bring his wife back and provide him with a historical legacy, which i think he deserves. it has very much made me a tiny bit evangelical, which i think is part of american history and has been neglected. he was born in 1840 and he immigrated to the u.s. in 1846 with his mother, writing in new york city. he was not a great student because he arrived precisely at the moment that he would become literate. except that he was expected to perform and speak a language that he did not speak. he went to school on the first day and the little boy directed

them to a line and that turned out that that was a spanking line. [laughter] it didn't stick. by age 13, he was basically on the street every day. the results of which that he gave up entirely and talked his way into a job with an impresario of the illustrated press. and you can see that he was short and not terribly defined in terms of his physique. so he worked for us for franklin read and then for harper's weekly. both of which were dueling banjo is. he primarily did not like to pay his employees.

which was awkward. he had an enduring place in history. in his time come he was the most famous cartoonist in the united states and he produced not just cartoons, but illustrations and drawings for harper's weekly until the 1880s. the illustrations are specially famous now, this is one of the illustrations that he produces that depict the attack on the border town. what is great that they are doing every bad thing you can imagine. they commended vandalism, hanging a baby upside down, they are stealing pocket watches, people are being bayoneted and it's very bad. unfortunately his career ended not so much with a bang but a whimper. the frantic pace with which he produced cartoons. particularly in the early 1870s. he began to wear out his arm and

shoulder that he drew it. as a consequence, he had to stop cartooning for a while. his work began to decline. it was less detailed and precise and people started to lose on to other cartoonist and then he returns his contract unsigned. he tried to maintain his career by working for other papers. he tried to establish his own paper and then you think, when you look at the archives, yeah, no. [laughter] and then you have connections with theodore roosevelt.

and he is looking for some honorable retirement. and he succeeded at this, but it was unfortunate. only two contract yellow fever and died in early december. it did not work out the way he had hoped. when it comes to a legacy, which is something people like to talk about, he is famous for three things. primarily the popularization of the elephant and a donkey as symbols of the democratic and republican party. he did not originate the use of the donkey. that predated him by decades because of this association. he did link the elephant to the

republican party. that connection exploited quite frequently. people as animals and symbols and however they appeared. he is also famous for what is truly charming. and during the civil war he started to have a paper that appeared almost a week before. so the last would be dated the first of january. those early holiday illustrations rely on patriotic sentiment. as you can see, santa has arrived. and they are they're going to give out items of comfort to the soldiers. so it was very sentimental and

its recognition. as they find it overwhelming, these are more typical for a family is at the heart of it. he helped to create the christmas with which we are all familiar, which did not exist. it comes to be very transformational into this jolly and interesting person. and as you can see him doing that here. children are who you see in this. if you go year-by-year, there

will be more and more children. and they often, sometimes surprisingly have these children. and they often were at the center of demonstrating the value of the christmas meaning. they are the ones who are waiting on christmas eve. they are the ones were placed before a roaring fire with stockings and things like that. inc. that into his work by putting these children into his own home and drawings. so he loved to collect stuff and he invited children into his home. he loved to do that. he was an incredible collector. he bought a whole suit of armor,

he bought a staircase. okay. so this is the drawing that was in the library of congress coloring book. i happen to be there looking for something for my son and thought, well, that is interesting. this on the lower left, that is a plague that up until last or you could buy from williams sonoma at christmas time. if there is nothing like nast's santa to make you faster. so if you really like the illustration, you can get it that way. he also had a relationship with william tweed, known as boss. tweed was the face of political

corruption and reform of politics in the city, which is significant among protestant reformers. until he became embroiled in this, he wasn't terribly interested in urban corruption. there were some things which he had commented upon before. particularly the selling of tainted milk in the cities that were trucked in. he would have talked in a torrent from sick cows and it could make people sick and sometimes kill children. he participated in an effort to stamp that out. but he was very interested in national politics and the republican party. in fact, at the moment they were describing the underdog.

they suspended on city projects and they wanted to join. ultimately, it was important as the evidence produced by whistleblowers. so the visual evidence is something that anyone could understand. so obviously this is not complicated. even a person who is illiterate knows what is happening here. so they would know just who that was. as you can see it was ill-gotten gains and he is totally unrepentant in the cartoon. and that was typical of him. but tweed is a bum left watching

with satisfaction. he really rejected the idea that anything could touch him during the scandal. including why people should care about it even won it wanted and submitted them in a short-term way. they waited for the storm to blow over and we produce many times what is going on. many of these roles were produced about a decade ago during the enron scandal. they would suggest that don't have responsibility. combined with the presidential campaign, these cartoons really

made this reputation. and really launched in into fame on the level that he never anticipated. these are the things for which everybody is interested in. the first thing is that he is in his lifetime but people treat him as an artist. he was trained as a painter and we started to do was paint paintings that he thought were interesting. and he managed to talk his way into a job, a private institution like this one. and so he had this training and

he displayed them and exhibited them and try to sell them. so he really wanted people to understand not part of him as an artist. he worked as an illustrator. you may know that because he made fun of confederate crossroads kentucky. he did a number of other works and books that were not intended to be funny. he was not a modest man. he also thought of himself as an artist and just because he's working for politics it does not mean it wasn't a form of fine art. i think many cartoonists feel that what they do has an artistic value in addition to the political meaning.

the second thing i think he should be known for of which i have a picture, he insisted the people in his life, here is the owner of the weekly paper, that is that he was not an employee. that's what he said. as a young man, he learned how to do what he did. he was under the tutelage of the men on the upper left. one of the harper brothers who founded one of the first important publishing houses, harper and row, which helped to create a domestic market for books. fletcher was a member of the family and he found this to be the pet project. pleasure being the baby. he supervised it personally. but by the late 1860s, the support of him, certainly within

the office. that support helped them to really become an independent contributor. if you have an idea, he just drew it. if other contributors participated, that was just too bad. and eventually after his death, thomas nast lost the battle. he tried to force him to knuckle under and the two of them disagreed. and he tried to fight back again. but without his support he could not do it. but for nearly 20 years he did succeed in building a provision that allowed him to decide what he would portray and how he would portray that and what he would say about it. if he disagreed with the line as a whole, that is how it was.

it really helped to establish the editorial freedom for the work that cartoonists do. and he used his celebrity to make the point that editorial cartoonists understand the political world and they cannot be understood to be employees. nor can their talents be harnessed to the ideas of an editor. so he made a big deal about how he couldn't just call him up. they said, wouldn't it be funny, you should do this. on very rare occasions, people would talk about him hearing here and now. and responding with a cartoon. the things that people ought to know about him, a really complicated web of 19th century figures he drew about. people always say it is not thomas nast.

but he was an amazing person. this is a man who fought in the 1850s for free soil, he defended and wrote the first biography of john brown. represented as in any attempt to attract african-american immigrants. he traveled under a pseudonym and advocated land deeds. he let the attempts to create an integrated city in charleston, south carolina. he helped edit the autobiography of jefferson and davis. and he published the works of louisa may alcott and an abolitionist novel and found the most famous girl in 19th century america. not that -- right remark. [laughter] he acted as an agent for many of

the most famous lectures of the time. he not only originated the system, he also personally identified with speakers and soccer participation so then they talked him into it. which works out great.

there was a noted biographer widely read. [inaudible] she had built her career on the ashes of her early private life. and she went on to be an early feminist and an abolitionist. one of the things that you see with thomas nast is defending friedman and this woman whose lifestyle that is disapproved of. they were lifelong friends and made all of these points

together. the two men constantly send each other letters and have a lecture tour, which i think is just tragic that the two were never happened. but they went on to higher a router for one of the thing biographer and last but not least was grand. ulysses s. grant. it started when he was president. he had a true and tender affection for him as a man. they occasionally entertain each

other. so when he ended his presidency, he went on the world tour and everyone was very excited to see him. and he gets home and comes to dinner. and ulysses s. grant said if he knew what they had served all around the world, all i want is corned beef and cabbage. that is what they served him. evidently he was very satisfied. so i would say to you that his wide circle of friends helps to demonstrate how a 19th century networks operated. editors and politicians and on from there. the way it was mastered was at the center. he knew people and he knew

important people. he incorporated everything. the news that he read, the ideas and understanding him, it requires understanding. these people were related in various complicated ways. so thomas knox was very entertaining at the time. he was friends with this individual in iowa city. you know, he was a good person to spend time with. one of the younger generation came home. he asked the speaker what is

happening. and since he wasn't home, he snuck up and lowered the children out through a chase in a the house which was generating earthquake leveled with. so it was a very entertaining time for a very entertaining process. he died relatively young at 53 years old. today his work shows that he is anti-catholic and so is everyone else. there will be a shot of santa on a dessert plate. there will be a shot in "the new york times" and that's partly because he left his wife and family with almost nothing. so she sold his correspondence and of stuff, and there's basically no large collection

anywhere else. the biggest ones are where there are 91 items, some of which are repetitive. they can have two copies of the inventory of his stuff when he is at the door. if you are riveted by how many people as some unknown when they die, that is the real deal. if you have questions about why he talked about this, it's not going to cut it. it is a shame. because of limited legacy isn't part of this. the power of documentation and history. if you die without money. if you die unexpectedly, if you let your papers scattered to the wind, then you may sacrifice your legacy in the historical fashion. hoping it would somehow restore him to the center of our understanding. or at least to position that is

significant. [applause] >> i believe that there will be question and answers. mark says yes. anyone? >> [inaudible question] >> the immigrants to provide jobs and entertainment and so forth? >> immigration spike in the late 19th century. they fill the city with a variety of things.

one of the ways that they got access to political power to have a voice where they live is by dominating the politics with access to some of the money they absolutely dislike immigrants and irish catholics would have that much sway in the city. obnoxious do-gooders who are really mad matter because they don't get to have a say all the time therefore, you know, people

find the position that they find most congenial. one of the things about thomas nast is if you got on his bad side and you irritated him or poke them, that was a big mistake. because you don't want intentions to return to your and he said, you poor thing, aren't you tired, wouldn't you like a vacation, liked your? [laughter] he said he would give him a $100,000 and he could go on fabulous trip.

so the response was to get a special permission. this is a mistake he decided, because now he is mad. so he was crusading the city. and it was partly for becoming upper middle class. so it is clear to him that it had attracted attention.

so it is just very concerning and he writes a letter home and says ha ha. so it was a terrible mistake. [inaudible] a turbo mistake to attract his attention in that way

[inaudible] so this was a house run by ulysses s. grant's son. it turned out that he turned out to be a crook and stole everyone's money. so it turned out also to be a scandal. and they had no money. he got a letter that said people die in the south because there is straining diplomatic service. so he couldn't get any of the good ones. he thought, oh, okay. this will be great, we can get some people. but they didn't.

they sent him to ecuador. a place that was notoriously deadly. he bumped up against the fact that by 1902, his career was in decline so he ended up in an unlikely place. he wrote lots of letters and drawings. and he wrote these hilarious letters and he kind of subtle

than. and then he got sick and lay down in a hammock and within four days he was dead. >> [inaudible question] >> thank you. >> every weekend booktv offers programming focused on nonfiction authors and books. >> if you cut demand for somebody's product per day by 50% and for total by 50%, here's what actually happened. the average amount that medicare reimburses per day in a hospital has grown by five times since 1986. so a 60% decline in the number

of patients. and we should all be so lucky. and there was another statistic which is entirely sort of irrelevant but fascinating. hospitals tell medicare what their costs are. so that medicare can compare the price they pay to hospitals cost. but the hospital stay, they are only getting reimbursed 40% of the cost down from 70%. something that you have to stand outside to see his medicare

insists that hospitals perform medicare services at a loss. and that the loss has been growing. loss has been growing over the decade. it is the book of our hospital patients. you will want to reduce volume and not increase it. one more moment on prices, one of the things that is most misunderstood and health care and it is a little one time, but it drives away fee-for-service.

>> you can watch this and other programs online at booktv.org. the book is set to publish by condoleezza rice in 2013. and senator elizabeth warren has begun writing her 10th book. the book will be about the freshman senator's experience following the american financial crisis in her fight for the middle class. senator elizabeth warren said she anticipates the book to be published next year. this week, the supreme court decided in a six to three ruling

that foreign buyers of copyrighted materials can resell those materials without permission from the copyright holders. it stems from a case brought by john wiley & sons for a former university of southern california student who is buying cheaper textbooks from his home country of thailand and selling them for profit in the united states. supreme court decided that the copyrights terminate when the materials are sold in another country. stay up-to-date about authors and books and publishing by liking us on facebook at facebook.com/booktv. her father followers on twitter app up to be. you can click on news about books on booktv.org. >> we are deeply rooted in our social and political structure

will not fade away or downsized out of sight. there are many people who say there is no hope of attending massive incarceration in america. no. there is no hope. just as many people were dying to jim crow in the south. saying that it is a shame. but that's just the way that it is. so many people today see the millions cycling in and out of our prisons and jails. it is unfortunate in an alterable fact of american life. i'm quite certain that doctor martin luther king would not have been so resigned. i believe that if we are truly willing to honor doctor king, if

we are to ever catch up with him, we have to be willing to continue his work. we must be willing to go back and pick up where he left off and do the hard work of movement building on the behalf of all people of color. in 1968, he told advocates at the time had come to transition from a civil rights movement to a human rights movement. the movement for education.

a movement for jobs. a movement to end all of these forms of legal discrimination against people. discrimination that denies basic human rights. to work and to shelter. so what can we do to begin this movement? first, we have to begin by telling the truth we have to be willing this new caste like system doesn't come with

signs. and there are no signs alerting us to the existence of systems of massive incarceration. prisons are out of sight and out of mind. often hundreds of miles away from communities and families that might otherwise be connected. the people who cycle in and out of these prisons live in segregated and impoverished communities. communities that middle-class folks and upper-middle-class folks rarely come across. so you can live your whole life in america. pull back the curtain and make

visible the students in plain sight. so that an awakening can begin. and people can begin to take the kind of creative and constructive action that this moment in our history surely requires people want to escape the system. being able to find shelter and support their families. by the true freedom in america today. we have to be willing to open our homes and schools and workplaces to people returning home from prison in providing support for the families who have loved ones behind bars

today. how do we create these things? well, the one thing we can certainly do is begin to admit her own criminality out loud. we all made mistakes in our lives. we all have. all of us. all of us have done wrong and we are sinners. all of us have broken the law at some point in our lives. if you are an adult, you have broken the law at some point in your life. i find that some people say oh, yeah, i am a sinner. i have made mistakes, but don't call me a criminal. don't call me a criminal. and i say, okay, well, maybe you never drink underage or experiment with drugs. and the worst thing you have done in your entire life is speed 10 miles over the speed limit on the freeway.

there are people in the united states serving life sentences. for small things. the u.s. supreme court said it is not cool and unusual punishment to sentence a young man to life imprisonment for a first-time drug offenders. even though virtually no other country in the world does that.

president barack obama himself has and then into more than a little bit of drug use in his time. he has admitted to using marijuana and cocaine in his years. and if he hadn't been raised by white grandparents in hawaii, if he hadn't done much with his illegal drug use, and predominantly white college campuses and universities, if he had been raised in the hood, the odds are good. he would've been stopped, he would have been frisked and searched. he would have been caught. far from being the president of the united states to come he might not even have the right to vote depending on the state he lives in. >> you can watch this and other programs online at booktv.org. >> are you interested in being a part of our new online book club?

each month, we will discuss a different book and author. this month we will discuss michelle alexander's the new jim crow. maximum incarceration. post post your thoughts on twitter with the hash tag on your book. on tuesday, join us for a book discussion. via twitter, facebook, order book to get c-span.org for e-mail. let us know your feedback. >> eric draper is the author of the new book. mr. draper was the chief white house photographer and special assistant to president george w. bush for his eight years in office. sir, can you tell me first about

this paragraph right here, january 26, 2001? the president and vice president? >> this photo is timing is everything. it is a picture of the president and vice president. it shows all the formal meetings and the protocols, but those are the fun moments for me to capture. after the election in 2000, you might remember the recount.

with the election wasn't decided that evening. i actually made a personal pitch and asked him for the job and the timing was appropriate. >> this image here shows the president. his famous moment and he began immediately to prepare for his

first statement in reaction to the attacks and to the world. it is extremely intense for a moment. >> in the last photo you want to talk to you about this. august 7, 2001, crawford, texas. >> yes, we were documenting the president is a texan. that is two years. i was able to get away from washington. it was just another side to the president that i had the privilege to document.

>> you are special assistant. what does that mean? >> it is a title and a perk. the privileges and the west wing, that was one of the biggest per3 the privileges and the west wing, that was one of the biggest perks. we are part of the administration. i was honored to have that title. ..