i used to hate the shows that play dhaka court cases on the news but the best thing that happened in state college is the national news people came here and held these things under the light but people here will not read the grand jury and they refuse to see the truth and signs all around us saying restore his wins and it just breaks my heart souci people not side with the victims on the case. >> host: patrick we will let you comment on the call and any final thoughts you want to make. >> guest: connecting to is a parallel between many journalists who provide plotting coverage which is what saved joe is elected or appointed the new white house chief of staff you will see these profile pieces

that are largely very flattering and the idea is by doing that that is a temptation that is a daily challenge to reporters because what is so interesting about washington is washington is one of the new cities in which there are reporters then there are sourcing so it is in very much controlling information if i've got this great scoop and several outlets you think you're going to get the fairest treatment. it's not like if you are living in a small town or arkansas you will have to give us paper whether you like it or not. it's to connect with the analogy i do think that there is a temptation reporters have to fight to not be too cozy with the figures. >> host: you're final thoughts on the topic of infotainment and

political journalism. guess crothers at natural in affinity between the politicians and the trend is more towards celebrities but i do think it was a newspaper that uncovered a ultimately what the grand jury was investigating about sandusky and whether joe paterno got coverage a lot of them said later that he did so that illustrates the difference we've been talking about tonight. >> a full-time professor at washington, d.c. and patrick babbin writes for politico and covers a number of issues including political personalities and you can follow his reporting at politico.com. thanks for being with us this evening. >> just a reminder the conversation continues on line. things for the calls this

evening but on facebook.com/c-span's feel free to post your thoughts on the connection between infotainment and political journalism.

if you are a result oriented, it is miserable. when you want to solve problems, you know, chasing your constituents in the country it's miserable, and that's the bottom line. i'm a fighter by nature in my greek heritage, and unfortunately the process has changed in the united states senate. it's no longer reconciling differences. it's either side has the possession and generally reflected as a party position. once that fails it means they don't move to try to resolve those differences. they become irreconcilable. the question is how do you pass those differences and that is a fundamental problem that has occurred in the united states senate and you have more lawmakers in the house and the senate in fact there are 43 new

senators since 2008 and then you have to 2014 he election over 50 percent. so many haven't been a part of the legislative body and are not even familiar on how to make the law starting to go to the floor and you know schoolhouse rock hill a bill becomes law and a reminder of the how it works because it is true we don't have an amendment process or committee process. everything has broken down. so i came to the sad conclusion that it needs to be taken outside and that's why we have to demand the public to change and rewarded those who are willing to engage in consensus building and compromise and penalize those who don't. >> when international ngos don't coordinator at the local population and waste money. she was part of a panel that included african heads of state from sierra leone and all of

them met with president obama this week as the administration highlights the country for their economic and space means to give the u.s. institute of peace held this event earlier today. >> good morning, everyone. i want to start icon thanking the president jim marshall for his very kind introduction and also the united states institute of peace for hosting this important event this morning. there are a number of distinguished guests in the audience this morning. i will not attempt to identify you all by name but i welcome

you all with great pleasure to this important gathering. the united states institute for peace for preventing and mitigating international conflict. the institute's work in sudan in the state department african training program and its contributions to africa are significant and i would like to acknowledge them this morning to read as president obama said in the parliament in 2009, and i quote, good governance is the ingredient that can unlock

africa's enormous potential. a democracy and good governance not only create a more stable society. they also create the traditions for sustainable broadbased economic growth meant. from grid governance has been our top priority in africa as well as a key pillar of president strategy. as we know dhaka democracy and good governance art about much more than just holding the elections. what happens before and after is equally if not more important.

that is why capable, reliable and transparent institutions are the key to success the rule of law, protections for human rights, independent judiciary is, free press and vibrant civil society and private sectors protect democracy and good governance from those who might weaken and trample upon at. president sall that we expect shortly, president banda at mali and prime minister jose pereira neves are here because of the contribution that they and their

government have made to strengthen space institutions in their respective countries. they have significant economic development and security gains in their country and also the respective regions. last year sierra leone held a fair and credible elections in which nearly 90% of the registered voters participated peacefully. sierra leone since the end of the decade-long civil war in 2002 awarded the president of the second term to continue implementing his agenda and prosperity.

sierra leone's economy is expanding rapidly as a result of the president's leadership. president sall macky participated in the elections and his own country one year ago it was a period of instability and economic contraction. the president has made a number of political and economic reforms since being in office and the government now is launching efforts to end the conflict in the region. under the president's leadership , the economy is expected to go by nearly 5% this

year. they took over one year ago and within the government immediately moved to implement economic reforms. together they developed the currency and remove price control. in the first 100 days in office it's turned it around as a result the country's economy is expected to go quite as fast this year. last but certainly not least, cape verde has risen from the bottom of many development

indicators because of the visionary leadership of the prime minister neves. the country's vibrant political system. they've also contributed to the cape having one of africa's highest literacy rates for an investment environment and consistently high economic growth. every step of the way the united states government has partnered all four leaders in all four countries as they have implemented the reforms. because each country has demonstrated serious commitment our millennium challenge has compact in place in the cape

verde and i might note that was one of the first three countries to see the compact and there was the first country to get a second compact all of these leaders are focusing on tackling the most significant impediments to development and the mcc has selected sierra leone as eligible to develop a compact. the united states is committed to continually to the continuing its strong partnership with leaders and countries committed to democracy, respect for human rights, the full inclusion of women and society and as low as

religious freedoms. >> i'm going to stop here from a very full program and not a great deal of time. i would like to turn the microphone over to the president and to the other presidents and the prime minister that is here with us today. i would ask each of you try to keep your remarks to no more than five minutes so that we have ample time for questions from our audience here as well as in our overflow rooms as well as those there are following us on social media. and for everyone in the audience

please, keep writing your questions on dhaka index cards and handed them to the state department stuff member but his new deal and ask them to address the following broad question how does democracy and a strengthening of space institutions in your country contribute to economic development and more equitable society and give them five minutes to talk about their countries and talk about what they are doing in terms of democracy and economic growth and we will proceed to the more informal dialogue possession.

i will start with you president karoma. >> [inaudible] in sierra leone. sierra leone has a unique story in terms of peace and peace development because as a country we have experienced peace and then a period of civil conflict on the democracy country

[inaudible] one to move forward and what would take pride what we take pride in is the fact that it is an example of the country in peace and order in the country. for us to get to the point where it is declared over in 2002 and since then the country took the appropriate steps we have now positioned ourselves to

development. we take the first steps in the reconciliation commission and the communities and people within the country reconciled. the country of the reconciled community was to move forward. they take on those that have the highest responsibility some of it was organized in the country and have an outcome of what

happened. these are all institutions if that piece together to end of the world and reconcile themselves. now in moving forward and building the peace and democracy and the development we've taken steps to put in this institution that we ensure and move forward in a manner of peace which will be observed in a manner where inclusiveness would be. now this lead us to the establishment of institutions, of good governance. we have established a political party with a responsibility of monitoring political parties. we have the national commission

set up to ensure they get involved in the space process. we also have the institution of monitoring and maintaining the independence of the media. the national electoral commission as publishers to guarantee and in the process we have reviewed the security and the military went through a security sector that has transformed them and they are now security forces without respect the constitution that we

have tried to reform it is very important to us because it will play the role and people outside will also feel protected. this institution is to ensure that human rights of individuals and that they have come a long way from the extent that the human rights commission has been granted because of the effectiveness because of the human rights record of the commission and the political

commission that the government provided which has made it possible for journalists to express their riding in hit there's been movement after when we had anybody incarcerated for expressing so we have an effective human rights record. these are achievements for the space governments. malibu the reports we have to create for investments to come and we have affected a lot of changing in the law for the institutions and a lot of fiscal measures that have prepared for

adequate investments and this has been recognized by the world bank as one of the payments of performance. we have investments in hundreds of millions of dollars and they are not impacting and changing the agriculture and mining sectors so a lot of things in the space process and where there is democracy and stability if we open up investment opportunity we believe that sierra leone is more a country

[inaudible] this is been recognized for the world bank and last year the economy was referred to investment and start a high rate of growth that isn't compatible to any order. the structures to guarantee that investments are not only attracted but it is protected. more in plant, better service.

[applause] we are coming back to some of the issues that you pointed to. let me first turn to the president from malawi and we will start with president banda. >> allow me to take this opportunity to thank president obama and the institute for organizing this event to invite african leaders that he feels

have done a lot. it's also encourage private sector allow me to talk about malawi. in 2009i stood with the president as he is running it. i didn't realize that time of the election that he was using me to get the vote because i had spent the days of my life working so at that platform. to idealize he wanted his brother. in the next three years it was about the process to ensure the

brother takes over and as a nation on the rahman agenda we focused. by 2012, the economy had collapsed. if the economy had grown in the market. there was no food or drugs, i had been completely sidelined and yet formed my own party he tried twice. but other things i learned is that it is a love affair between the people.

the people must fall in love with you. when that happens for 30 years we had failed to get the people away from me so that is what i had in 2012 by the time he passed away. and malawians decided it was very clear the vice president was supposed to take over if the president died to be a starting from their so you can understand that by the time i got into office i was not aware and had not been but i must also take this opportunity to thank the people because in march of 2012, i was invited to south africa

organized by the generals. .. i didn't realize and five weeks that meeting would be deciding my fate and i will forever be grateful for ambassador karoma and all those who may share that

i was allowed to become president of malawi. a. [applause] in the past year what we have done is to get back on track because by the time i became president we were off track with malawi. so we had to get back on track. to make sure that we'd got what we acquired another donors to come back including the u.k.. in 100 days we were able to begin to get back. we improved our relations with their neighbors and restored the

relationship of the united kingdom. we also had to do several things as the malawi government. one was to repeal all the laws in human rights and good governance. [applause] so in july of last year i organize what i called the national dialogue. at this conference we chose five speakers mainly mining, energy, tourism and infrastructure. those were chosen, those sectors were chosen to create work. we then out of the five sectors we have chosen three programs. at the end of 2013 we had free

projects for each of those six. i want you distinguished ladies and gentlemen to know that i in 14 months am implementing a very unpopular reform program. in any normal situation i should give that up and backtrack. i must win the elections next year. but i am committed to stay the course because it's the right thing to do and even if it ends up costing me, that's okay, that's fine. [applause] we also have implemented a social program to make sure we

push the evaluation that we were forced to implement last year in order to bring our economy back on track. it also meant introducing austerity measures including reducing my own salary by 30%. poverty eradication is on top of my agenda and we believe that we will only begin to change the institution of malawi when we begin to help malawians create jobs and create wealth. so we are talking about a -- economy. i also introduced two presidential initiatives. one energy and the other production organizing women and youth --

by the traditional growing of means for survival. i also insist that women and youth must get support. i am talking about creating jobs but also assuring that women and youth have special opportunities and what has become very clear to me is that women and children in africa is only going to change if we -- issues of income. and helping women and youth to have an income is critical. we don't even have a choice because when you talk about population growth, lack of education is at the center of

poverty. until we assist women and youth with income and housing for the poor the situation of women and children will never change. i have worked with women and children for 30 years and i know for me that's the only way we can improve the lives of people in africa. malawi is expecting a bumper harvest this year. malawians have worked extremely hard for the lib dems that they are growing. we are encouraging investors to calm and invest in mining and tourism.

it's the easiest form allow instant entered. in the past year with all the effort we have made we expected to grow by 5% quarterly. we have reduced -- from 675 to 470. we have 7000 at the moment. we have improved our position according to the index. we are working hard to improve the rights of women. we have started a very strong exchange program. a month ago we sent a -- for malawi.

i believe together we can help to assist our people but also invite the u.s. to come to africa. the best thing that has happened to me is now hearing president obama and hearing usaid saying what i have been trying for 30 years, that it is only when we assist our people in africa to have an income if the only way we are going to eradicate poverty. thank you very much. [applause] >> president banda thank you very much for this excellent remarks. i would now like to call on our third president, president macky sall for his comments.

>> thank you very much. [speaking in native tongue] >> translator: i would like to express my apologies for being late. in fact we are talking about democracy and democracy assumes the sovereignty of the people. yesterday after dinner the people of senegal, the people from senegal and the united states from all states wish to wait -- meet with me and therefore had spent some time and actually in actually i was with them until 4:00 in the morning and that gave me very little time to come here so i would like to extend my apologies. ladies and gentlemen i am the president of a small country by size. we have 12 million citizens in my country, but we are an african country which has

provided a great contribution to universal democracy. senegal and deed has experienced in 1786, a date when fundamental important things occurred in this country and in 1786, in 1787 we had a very important revolution in the north of the country which allowed us to rid ourselves of a traditional yoke, traditional power in order to consolidate a governance-based not on -- but based around the choice of the various components of the population at the time. and, a specification was made up at the time and we said we needed to choose our leader based on the standards,

knowledge and the various standards of leadershileadershi p and this was already codified in 1786 and 1787. in 1860, long after these eventa century, at the time when senegal was still a colony, voting already started in 1860, which means the democratic process is neither the impetus of a single president either caused by a party of the legacy of a long process that took many years. senegal already in 1914 sent its first black member to the parliament. he was followed by other members of parliament up until this time of our new president. so it is this legacy that allowed us to have a stable

regime since 1960. we have never experienced coups and this kind of political crisis such as the one we had last year we nonetheless remain on the right track and we have a democracy. democracy assumes free and transparent elections and you must be held by a specific deadline. you must abide by the timeline and by the principles and the procedures and you cannot change the rules of the game during the game because if during a soccer game you change the rules of the game, well you can imagine the game would no longer have much interest. and this unfortunately, this almost is what happened last year. so i am talking about the rules of the game would change when echo watts established an additional protocol six months

prior to an election you cannot modify the rules. so i am the inheritor of this tradition and i'm very proud of it and they do know there are some things that i cannot do myself. the example is that we have a true democracy standing institution and i fought against the former president who for 12 years with my boss. i was the prime minister and speaker of the parliament. we had a dispute. i left him and founded my own party and clearly and democratically and i came into office five days between the boat of the run-up and my time in office. a country that does not have -- issues cannot do that.

so nelson adel has democracy and we have ari said strong institutions. the power cannot have control of an institution. that is why institutions have good governance. good governance asem accountability and that is why you have to be held accountable which means that those who are responsible for public office, everything that they do is accountable and therefore we have -- we would like to address because i myself have a 727 for one year now but no one seems to be interested in buying it. it might have to be given to a museum. we had two aircraft but senegal

does not need to presidential aircraft. this is the thing that i told all the ministers and senior officials that are no longer there. we are seeking to invent private investments at the international level. we are trying to strengthen the rule of law and have an independent justice system. we have to say things as they are and in many countries corruption is a fact. go therefore we must constantly work to reduce corruption down to the level that will be significant and that is not easy because the tradition. as long as we do not have the will of law we don't have accountability, it will be very hard to fight corruption but we are not losing hope. i am convinced them i will stop here because i don't want to go

beyond the time that was given to me, but in general i am in favor of a reduction of the term of the president from seven years to five years and i would like to tell you africa today is a constant on the march. the africa of 2013 has nothing to do with the clichés that are often expressed to talk about civil wars, where you talk about about -- but bear in mind you had your own wars. you have a civil war and up until 1945 people find each other in europe. africa just became independent in the 1960s so it's noble there should a conflict remaining here and there. we had composite borders that we created so in terms of the overall dynamic of the continent we are moving towards prosperity and moving towards democracy.

this message of hope i would like to convey today to usaid and tell the americans please come to the continent. it's the cradle of mankind. it's a magical continent in terms of its diversity, in terms of its natural resources, in terms of its men and its women. africa is really -- and it's just six hours by plane from here. [applause] >> thank you very very much to both of you. and for those very clear remarks let me now turn to our last speaker in the first round of the prime minister, prime minister neves to address the panel.

[speaking in native tongue] >> translator: thank you mr. ambassador. i wanted to start by thanking the institute for the invitation and for organizing this meeting. so this is the institute of peace of the united states. therefore i would like to start by saying that in order to have development, it is essential that there be peace and stability and it is essential also to have democracy in the country. there is no development without civility and there is no development without democracy. that being said, i think that the most important thing that we can do for africa is to build

capable governance, capable states, states that can guarantee democracy and stability. a state capable of managing plurality, political plurality and social plurality, a state that can manage conflict and states in africa that could face the risk -- the risks that are now presented on the continent that the whole of humanity runs. i'm thinking about the environmental risks. they are very important and very large. in africa we are also facing very serious social risks for instance.

i am thinking about an explosion on a part of the youth if we don't give them opportunities for the future. we need to train the young people for work so that they can have a better life in the future. so, i think that we need governance in africa that can develop a clear vision of development. and states, governments that can develop strategies that we all allowed to implement this vision for development to define the development agenda with a very clear goals, with strategies

that are well-defined and clear and paths to undertake. development is freedom. in other words we and we have a higher level of development we will reach a higher level of freedom and we will be in the position to consolidate democracy for good. another important factor for peace and stability in the future is of course good governance. good governance of course implies freedom for elections, respect for the rules of the game, respect for minorities. essential to respect minorities

and to respect the opposition. the opposition must find its position in the political game and the opposition must also play a role in the political definition of the direction of the country and also the government must be in a position to respond to the demands and the aspirations of the population. an administration that looks towards providing services for citizenry as well as the business community and if we are able to do that we will have certainly created spaces that will take into account the plurality and the diversity of our societies and use that in order to put together very strong development agendas and in so doing also reach or put in

place legitimate governments whose legitimacy will be of course defined by their own performance, governments that will defend the rule of law which are all very important factors for peace and stability. but to conclude, i would like to say that africa is the continent of the future. africa can only claim to be the continent of the future because they have a very rich past. it has enormous talent, enormous capabilities and all we need to do is to really gather all of

this capacity, all of this capability, all this talent and make it work towards the development of africa, to use all of their very abundant resources in the surface of dignity for all africans. and i think that president macky sall, karoma, banda our leaders that show there is a positive africa and there is a vision for africa out there. africa wants democracy, peace and stability in africa wants above all development to ensure dignity in the future for all africans ,-com,-com ma men and women. thank you very much. [applause] >> mr. prime minister, very inspiring remarks. very inspiring remarks and we

will come back to those. we have received a number of very very good questions from our audience and i would like very much to involve them in the dialogue that we are having here this morning. i will ask all of you to respond briefly to these questions and the first one is a combination of two questions from the audience. one is, how do you keep your democratic progress on track and what are the challenges in doing that? and the second one is also in the same way, congratulations on your economy being the

fastest-growing in the world. what measures are you taking to keep this moving forward? in other words, what are you doing to ensure that your economy will continue to grow and that your democracies will remain vibrant and alive? i will start with, perhaps with president banda. >> yeah, what i have done in malawi to remain accountable and transparent to the people of malawi, to set up in my office what i'm calling the project

implementation unit as a tool, to interface with the public so we can find out what progress we are making and how the implementation is taking place in number two is to help set up a program where i interact with opposition and i invite them to the statehouse to discuss it, to rise above politics and to just focus on issues that are of great importance to the people of malawi. i do the same with the civil society. i do the same with the media and i do the same with the faith community. thank you. >> president macky sall? >> thank you, johnnie.

i think in order to maintain a democratic standard, my country must be able to continue to have a constant democratic watchdog because this democracy does remain fragile in light of the offense that occurred. there has to be monitoring of the democracy. we are a country that is still free and independent but a system which asserted its independence. it took the right decisions. it had political actors who have set free the competition and they also have to accept the outcome of the election. the rest of the game have to be clear and transparent for all. we also must i believe insured that it is fair and equitable in the distribution of wealth. to do so, we need to have a growth that would be inclusive

whereby growth is collected throughout society and we can give opportunities to to each and everyone allowing them to progress thanks to their own efforts and to improve their lives. that is a fundamental element and i am trying to -- we have social programs. we have universal health care and special family plans to give hope back to those citizens who are the weakest among us and to allow other people to create wealth. so it's a scale and a balance that you must work with. this is what i believe to be a factor. [speaking in native tongue] >> translator: in order to ensure continuity of a democratic state and democratic

law, it's fundamental that we consider three different aspects. first to respect scrupulously the rules of the game. second, to build consensus with regards to principle national issues. and in order to build consensus you have to have a prior strong political dialogue. the critical clinical actors as well as strength and social dialogue with the different social activist, the unions, management, businesses, to build a minimal consensus on important social issues of the day. ..

>> translator: coming up with a strong civil society ensuring that civil society has full room to grow and affirm itself, as to development per se and economic growth per se. the most important there is to create factors of continue knewty, favorable environment for business, and create opportunityings so that these businesses be carried out through strong investments from the private sector. >> thank you. for me, maintaining the democracies all about a strict

add heerntion to the rule of law. like i mentioned, i was in the society that went through difficulty, and for us to deal with the democratic process, we have to create the institution, and what's required now is a sufficient time in which you have very strong institutions that will regulate the whole democratic process. we have institutions for the human right, institutions for democracy. we have the judiciary, and we have many other institutions when they are strengthened, and allowed space to run on their own without political interference. i think with that, you will be able to ensure that the whole

society is not just about people in governance providing leadership. it is about the protection of the rights of protecting the minority groups, about securing the vulnerable groups, and when you have a country institution that addresses this issue, i think substance of democracy is ensuring that these institutions given space and government allows them to partake, and there's complete suppression of powers with the institution of governance. now, in the economy, also, i believe that it has to be an ongoing process. now, we have tried to adhere to the review of our laws creating

mechanisms where they become entrusted for investors to come and invest. that has to be self-sustaining. that is why i very much like the system of the embassy. you -- for you to see, you have to ensure that you meet the parameters that i expected of you on the continuous basis and by doing that you will be able to sustain that democracy, you will be able to ensure that you have app opportunity to improve on what you have done that guarantees status. it's a question of just continuing to do what is right, improving on it, and allowing the institutions to grow and become very strong in our respective democracies. >> thank you very much, democratic institutions clearly are in vital ingredients to any

strong, stable, and vibrant democracy, but every good democracy is underpinned by a vibrant civil society, a civil society capable of speaking out, civil society capable of organizing, of participating, and being felt that it is being heard. let me ask a question in this regard from one of our audience members, and this person says, what is your response to leaders in africa who have become skeptical and hostile to funding of civil society organizations, and how do you, in fact, treat

and respect your own civil society? if -- i'll start with president -- >> translator: thank you. thank you, ambassador carson. in sinagal, we have a very dynamic civil society, and that civil society has played a major role in consolidating our democracy. it's done a lot in political terms to ensure that the elections are free, and civil soit in our country is very active in promoting human rights. there's various national human rights organizations which works not only within, but in others

as well, and the civil society is very involved in conflict resolution and peace, notably in the region. we have very dynamic civil society organizations. we also have a lot of civil society organizations that work on religious issues. these religious civil society organizations have freedom to do what they want, and we can look at -- we have to -- you have to look closely where they get their funding. you have to make sure funding to these are not diverted into illegal activities, for example, terrorism, so you have to look very closely at funding, the funding of these organizations receive, but we give a great deal of freedom and a great deal of leeway to civil society organizations in our country.

they are active across the entire country, and we have no particular objections to foreign funding for ngos and civil society organizations as long as all this is done according to a national legislation, as long as no laws are violated. we have no problem with foreign funding of ngos. >> prime minister? >> well, you know, we think that development of the host differing african countries ultimately will be through a competitive integration of all those countries working together in the long run. now, obviously, there's some countries that are in a sense of transition, that there's a certain distrust recording unknown investors, and i think that gradually, continent wide

we're creating spaces where, first, work be counted for in each country to create an ever more favorable environment for business and investment, the creation of new opportunities, for firms interested in doing business in the country, as well as i said, creating necessary conditions to go out and attract foreign capital. we're hoping this investment, investment ultimately, hopefully be for the true development of the countries at hand and in cape verde, we have a national investment law that favors the attraction of private investments as well as a fiscal incentive policy law to create greater incentives for those who wish to take advantage of cape

verde investments as well as working to create competitive sectors that firms can invest, that they can be more competitive, and do business and make profits for themselves. investors can satisfy their own stockholders. >> mr. president? >> i passionately believe that the civil society play a very important role in the democratic process. i believe that they should be passionate with government in the terms of efforts of developing specific sectors that represent. we have no problems with the operations of civil societies. i think the difficulty is when you are faced with a situation

wherein you cannot clearly define the rule of the civil society. what are the objectives that we are trying to achieve? a professional civil society that becomes an advocate for the voiceless representing the other side of the views that are not normally visible from the government point of view is acceptable, but when civil society gets to a point of putting out amenities only to attract foreign attention and foreign -- i think it is counterproductive. what i believe strongly is the civil society should be part of -- [applause] should be part of the government and open and consider them partners in the development.

[applause] >> thank you. >> in malawi civil society, there's checks and balances. they are partners in any democracy, and i, myself, came from a civil society so i'm a product of the civil society. i look upon them as partners. when there is fight between the civil society and government, it only confuses the ordinary people, the voiceless that we're all supposed to serve. in ma lal -- malawi, they are involved in education, in safeguarding rights of disadvantaged people, and any leader that is a democrat should take advantage of the issues they reach in

order to serve the people better. right now, they are doing freedom, but i think the civil society in malawi and the international work in malawi have to forge partnership. they have to forming partnership because it's the local people, and the civil society of malawi that are better able to understand the issues that are plagued for ordinary people, and when they force partnership, they are better able to use more for the benefit of the ordinary people. it really breaks my heart when the international community come, international comes, i think that they can do it alone and ignore the people. [applause] we, in africa -- [applause] we know what to do. we know how to get from point a to point b and how to get people out of desperate situations, out of poverty, or whatever issues

you want to raise, and it breaks me heart from they come up with abandoned resources at their disposal, but they waste resources. they don't know where to start from or what to do. [applause] when they go into partnership with ordinary people, local people, local indimming nows ngos, then they are able to achieve more when they work on the grown. >> president banda thank you very much for those remarks. two groups in africa that are essential to africa's well being and future are sometimes neglected over overlook. we got several questions from the audience that asked in many african countries, african use

comprise the majority of the population. in many african countries, women are over 50% of the population. what are you doing to ensure that the youth of your countries are going to be the future leaders of the country to continue to support democracy and strong economic development? what are you doing to ensure the incluesivity of women in all of your activities in your countries, and we'll start, if we could, this time around with prime minister. >> translator: these are two of

the more interesting matters to discuss. first, look at youth. i think that fundamentally we have to invest in their training and education. if you invest in education, that, in every sense, is fundmental to provide any response to the needs and desires of the youth. basic education, secondary education, university training, and professional and technical training. whatever type of training and education invests heavily in that to create conditions where they have the possibilities to be employed once graduated and to create the necessary conditions to support their

intern nearly spirit, that they have spirit, and that they have space to build a business, that they can set up their own terms of employment, create their own businesses. we can create incubators within firms, as it were, but also conditions permitting them to be hired, promoted, and create incentive, where for the first three years they operate tax free or we further measures so youth have ease jeer access to all levels of education. in the last two years, 2% of the full gdp budget in education, we certainly rose to 22%, one the highest rates of spending on

education throughout the african continent. now, in terms of women, women undoubtedly represent the future of humanity, period. [applause] so, and, therefore, it's fundmental to invest in the equality and equity that they deserve, and to give an example, we have -- i have budgets that include gender evaluation because typically poverty is more frequent in female quarters. we have to reduce at all costs the inequalities in the distribution of power, distribution of wealth, and we in cape verde created an equality institute or a gender equality and equity institute to promote even more, even greater

equality between men and women, and let me tell you that behind -- it used to be said behind every great man, there's a great woman. we have to say beside every great man there's a great woman, and that's the line we wish to further in the future. creating many opportunities and to give an example even at the level of government, and at a given point in time and to this day, we have full parody amongst all our -- in 15 ministers, we have eight women ministers, and these are an important and social portfolios for government maintenance so they can participate fully in the governance of the country, and this is not really a question of just numbers, but we support business intern nearly -- business entrepreneurial spirit of women and support women in

the creation of small businesses. their own businesses, and, lastly, to combat a question fundamental throughout, and that's violence against women. unfortunately, in africa, we're well aware of the fact this problem still exist, and we have to do everything possible, within our power to combat domestic violence, combat gender based violence, and we approved with the support of the united states government and secretary of state hillary clinton gave us immense support in this regard. we were able to approve a law against gender based violence, which is having immediate and amazing results throughout cape verde. [applause] let me wind up -- these are very deep questions. i maybe have gone on too much, but there's two measures, but

let me say we have to have a full commitment by african leadership in terms of greater opportunities to be given to use, in the equality, and gender equality and equity to give ever greater opportunities, two women, only in a society where equals co-exist, can there be people that are free. only in a free society or a society with free people can there be greater equality. thank you very much. [applause] >> mr. president? >> on the issue of government with in is taken very seriously because the most affected during the war, and therefore trying to

rehabilitate the country and move the country forward. we must pay tension on the use. that is why we established a national youth commission that is chaired with the responsive coordinates and youth activities as we end gauge them. additionally. i have created -- additionally, i have created a ministry of youth to focus on the youth, and i have committed my second term to developing youth and showing they are awarded six of them to realize the benefits of near opportunity in my part of the country. [applause] now, we have, also, involved a good number of them in position

of trust. i have youth as full-time ministers in the government. [applause] giving them opportunity to be exposed to leadership. it's not about leaders of tomorrow. they are already involved in the leadership of today. [applause] on the issue of this is important that institutes the majority of the population, and, of course, we have unique complexities and backgrounds, and most is customary and otherwise -- to address the issues to empower you, and we have enacted gender issues of

marriage, and we have also -- it makes any after ri cap influence crime against the state, and we have also given positions that not been provided in the past. the chief justice in the country is a woman, solicitor general is a woman, the commissioner general, we have a host of them. the supreme court, and we have a good number of them exposed, and then even in the military, we are the country with the only general that is a woman within examples given to women of the leadership roles, and i think we have -- [applause]

thank you. >> thank you, mr. president. president banda. >> yes, thank you very much indeed. more than 50% of the women of the people of malawi are women, and mostly informed that more than 50% give -- [inaudible] [laughter] [applause] when we empower women, we empower a nation, and when we look at africa, we look at the population growth. when you look, you find a woman with more than ten children, and you tell this woman don't you

think this is enough? she'll look back at you and say you have workedded. i have chirp. until, and unless we deal with the issue of income, children will continue to be born. when you go in hospital, when i find and go in hospital, women that are dying, giving birth between the ages of 15 #-19, the reason why they die is because they can't afford the $50. a community then encourages to give money, and then until we sort out the issue of income, those ills continue today because stay r four more years is not only about the future, but also her life, the woman. therefore, it is imperative,

very important for us to sort out the issue of income, particularly for the poor, so education for the women, number two, their position in leadership. we have, in africa, and i want to thank the african men for creating space for women of africa to participate. [applause] >> because there's parts struggling, it's a fact, but in africa, we have two women presidents, but we are also -- so it is our time as african women to seize this opportunity, to get as many women as possible into leadership. [applause]

there's education for the child and our girls must go to school, and our girls must go to school and must stay in school. it is income for the women. the women must have income because when the household has an income, they go to school, they go to hospital. we shall automatically improve. as far as the use, in malawi, for those who missed out on education, women of youth and supporting them and helping them to grow close to reach for potential so that they can have an income so we have mobilized the youth and women and provided with them to grow crops r and the good news is that this year we have example of it.

i also think it is veryings very important for the youth to participate in leadership, and i want to agree with president that the youth and not leaders of tomorrow, the youth, the youth are leaders of today. we participate -- we postpone participation, but i want to enter deuce -- introduce my minister. [applause] [laughter] >> i think we're running short on time, and if i could, i'm going to ask the president to say a few short word on women in the youth. >> translator: thank you very

much. it's quite difficult to just say anything more after these presentations to say something that's not been said yet, but i'll just say that african society is a very young society. africa is a young continent. the prime minister said so as in most of the countries. 70% of the population is under 25, so just imagine 70% of under 25, so the challenge to our government, these are major challenges. first of all, education, which remains thee cross cutting issue be it for women or for young people. there's a proverb that says if you train a man, you train a citizen. if you train a woman, you train a society because a trained and educated woman has entire

family, has entire children benefiting from her status, and this is gee met -- geometrical, and so we must absolutely carry out these educational training efforts and empowerment efforts for women, but, also, we most promote youth because if the youth is not taken into count, it will take its own affairs into its own hands by the street so we absolutely need well educated, well trained people training the youth. it just doesn't mean having university. yes, that's fundmental. to date, we have six universities, and we've created a brand new university in the center of the country, but, above all, we have to provide vocational training for jobs, for skills which means that people who do manual labor should be just as respected as people who conduct intellectual

work, and in africa, we have suffered very much from that. we follow the french tradition since independence. we've always considered people conduct manual labor, are, in fact, at the bottom of the scale that means everybody wanted to become a lawyer, doctors, engineers, but a society can want continue according to that model. no, we need manual workers, bakers, masons, everybody, we need everything to create a society, and we need to give value to that in order to give more jobs, more possibilities to the youth to ensure that the most productive sectors of the continent, namely agriculture, and modernize agriculture should be able to occupy most of our work force, and, finally, with respect to woman. we have a low on gender equality which has been enforced for the election meaning a person who does not apply the principle of

parody, if you're a candidate, you cannot be elected, and this is enforced today. we see it in parliament. we see it for the upcoming elections at the city and local election, and this is a principle that would be applied thanks to a commission which means there has been progress in africa, and, of course, africa is thee continent where we have official polygamy. yes, we must acknowledge this status, the situation of our society, but this has to be a dynamic, a momentum, a thrust, polygamy? it's in other societies, we accept it and assume it. i'm not a polygamist rest assuredded. i have but one wife. [laughter] i just want to say, just want to say that you shouldn't get the

wrong target, that women's empowerment is just not equality of lowest, but it's the living conditions of rural environment, the hardship of work, delivery, giving birth, as you said, madam president, that is what the government must take intoing the. we-- take into account. we have to educate them. we have to give electricity in the villages. we must have wealth, health care centers to take care of prenatal care, to allow rural women to give birth under better conditions to ensure that the hardship of their labor be reduced and they become true citizens of the world, so i wouldn't want to see the evolution of women exclusively for intellectuals in or ban centers. it is pertinent, but i have to

ensure rural women have better living conditions. thank you very much. [applause]

>> i don't know if mr. reagan, if he could join us, would say, yes, sequester could happen on his watch. i think there would have been an effort towards bipartisanship, and i really think american politics today migrated from an nfl at mote fear to "hunger games". nfl, you do everything possible to be victorious. you out think, out play, and out hit your opponent, but even in the nfl, an athlete reaches down and lifts their opponent back up. in "hunger games," you sure the component is never, ever capable of getting up again. we have to remember we are still americans and ought to be working together for this country, not just the parties. >>s u.s. chamber of commerce hosted the u.s. aviation summit this week. next, president of ups airlines

argued against higher taxes for the aviation sector. mr. nickels was joined by company head like the leaders of spirit and jetblue airlines. after that, we'll show you remarks from united, continental airlines president and ceo, who gave the keynote address, and, together, they run just short of 90 # minutes. >> good afternoon, everybody. [applause] thank you very much. we have distinguished people. dave hess from whitny, clay jones from rockwell collins. dave hess -- correction, -- [inaudible] i'm going to pose some questions

to the folks which have occurred to me and might have occurred to me if i was still mountain airline business. if you have a question, raise your hant, we'll interweave your questions with mine and hopefully ask whatever the issues are that truly interest you and you want to talk about. i'll begin by asking a question that is sort of a consumer question, and that is why do you guys -- why are you always late in over budget? [laughter] i go to the store and buy something or order something, i expect it to come on time and expect it to cost what it says it's going to cost, and with respect to something like an engine, i sort of expect it to burn about the amount of fuel it said it was going to burn. that is not always true in aircraft manufacturing. tell me, what do you think

should be done, can be done to m prove the industry's performance in that area, and let's start with you. >> well, first of all, not coming from this industry, i discovered a lot of thing the in the last five to six years, and first thing i'll say is aircraft manufacturing is a very complex business. these products are intrinsically complex, but what we have to do in the industry in terms of the demands for fuel efficiency, environmental noise control, ect., when you do develop a new aircraft, you're taking leaps of faith, innovation and creativity. if it was more of a creative process to minimize risk, you'd see less over spends and make programs, but if you fake a programs like ours, and the example, or the 787 or 350 or major programs, these aircraft take a major leap.

there's invention involved here will it's in material, engines, new technology systems so it's not an excuse, but the fact is that to get 20%, a footprint on noise that's four times smaller, you have to do something different than what's in place today. a lot of the engineers and researchers are really taking, you know, a forward looking stance in terms of what we put in the aircraft. as a manufacturer, we have to make the tradeoff and look at the risk against reward and we do that in a regulated, and very dynamic process. the kinds of things we have to do, and i'll ask dave, clay, and gary to chime in here, but for example, because the systems are so complex for this time, the first time, we put in the very different approach in terms of testing the aircraft on the ground. we do intreg gracious of the complex system and have a sophisticated programming, and

we debug, and sometimes it's the customer if we don't catch everything. this time, we we invested tens of millions of dollars in the facility where we fly the aircraft on the ground and asking our suppliers like clay and others to do a lot of testing in their own shops, but then when we put all the systems together on top of that, we're flying the aircraft, literally with the weights and loads they see in the air and trying to debug as much as possible so we min mize what's going on in the flight testing program, and ultimately, the customer. that's an example of things we do differently, and if you take the c series, you know, right now, knock on wood, we are a little bit late, but not very late in relative terms, and we feel we'll be able to maintain that so we're hoping to break the cycle, you know, being years late, but we'll be careful before we state that, but right now from what we know and see, we believe that we'll be almost

on time. you know, for the cs100 and actually on time to what we said. >> boy, a breakthrough, on time. >> first of all, bob, thank you for hosting us here, and for carol and chamber for doing this again, just by the turn out here today, and the remarkable panels that have been set up and speakers, a testament to the group. in reference, we can certainly appreciate what you're saying and certainly understand the issues that you're facing now, but being in the industry, bob, for over 30 years that i have. now, it's a remarkable thing to see that we, as an industry, oems as well as our suppliers can tackle issue of development cycle where we are looking forward five to six years ahead.

trying to see where customers will be five to six years ahead. the customer, as a target, is moving, changing speed. many, many factors outside of their control, fuel costs, volcano eruptions, bird flus. all of these things are happening and changing dynamickings of what makes the customer successful. when we development products, we listen to the customers very carefully, as you know, and so by trying to predict where they are down the road and trying to hit a bull's eye, and also take the latest and greatest technology and incorporate rate them in the airplane such that we're not too early, and missing opportunities, but we're also incorporating those that will be there and be needed by the customer five years or six years out. that's the challenge. i think as an industry, i think we have a remarkable track record in really getting to where -- hitting that target in

a very specific place and to do that under the circumstances that were presented here today. you know, this is the challenge, so what could we do as a manufacturer to streamline that process or reduce the risk of that process? one of the things that we do, as mentioned is incorporate technology into our manufacturing process with robotics and, also, some of the things that we're doing include lean philosophy, sigma philosophy, continually streamlining our processes, and all the processes have cells, the cells examined, always optimized, and that trickles down into the end result to the customer, not just in terms of pricing, but in on-time performance. we have obligations and solutions to see how we can reduce risks in terms of delivery and cost overruns, but as i mentioned at the beginning, the process itself is so dynamic and complicated, i think we have, as an industry, a really

good track record in that regard. >> you have an excellent track record, and i think everybody would agree with that. on the other hand, and granted you stretch the boundaries of technology and trying to move ahead quickly, but on the other hand, you are, over the years, sort of involved your customers as involuntary co-inventors. they don't necessarily want to be involuntary coinventors so, i guess the question i have is, what do you think is going to happen in the years ahead? do you think that customers are going to be more demanding, are going to require more by way of compensation from manufacturers in terms of lateness and over budget? clay? >> these guys can answer that question better. if i could, i'll go back to the first question for the supplier perspective. in the 17 years i've been at rockwell collins, we do in-depth

lessons learned, a root cause, it's why we don't perform op time and on schedule on certain things. sometimes we get it right; sometimes we don't. what they talked about is absolutely true, but we found four fundamental root causes to why it doesn't work right. number one, requirement specification and stability; number two, staffing the program with the adequate skill set and when you need them; number three, the leadership; and four, discipline of following process. almost every problem we see can be traced to one or more of the four elements there. now, you combine with that, i would say respectfully, for most of the oems that don't develop a new plane every year. in fact, it's five to ten years between new airplanes, the ability to define requirements and stabilize those requirements through the development cycle is

very difficult, especially if you push the state of the art technology. name me one program manager on any program that ended the program that started the program. very few of them, and so the definition of that program manager, and then i would say the process alignment between, let's say an oem and through the supply base and communication of that process could always be something that's improved. the programs that i've. on that have worked best, and these two gentlemen to the left have a couple of those as well as other oems on, were those of the communication within the company and the company, through its supply chain, have been extraordinary good, where the respect for people who do all the subsystems every day working with the integrators is working carefully, and one helps the other do that job well, and when that exists, when those communications exist, usually we do get pretty close. when things break down with any

of that supply chain is typically where we tip over to the other side. now, last thing i would say is the end customer, the airlines, the suppliers, the user of that has culpability of that too. take inflight entertainment, which we're in, the worst business in the world to be in because the marketing departments in every airline want something that works in your den to work at 30,000 feet, the same year they see it in your den, and that can't be done in the environment in the certification we have. there is some driving elements from the airlines that drives us to do the impossible, and sometimes we fall short. it's a big system and all culpable for the delays. >> i like your root cause analysis, but i have to say from a customer perspective, i think it's the responsibility of the manufacturer to say i can't do that -- >> and lose the business; vieght? >> well, that's fine. [laughter] the fact is, i'm not sure you would because there's a lot of sort of involuntary coinventors

out there that don't want to do that anymore. >> right. >> if they get told you can't do it, they might come up with a different answer. >> good point. >> what's your perspective, dave? >> i think we have the discipline. i assume the premise relates to the other three guys, typically flawless in performance. [laughter] put that aside. we had a share of disappointments in the past where we have not lived up to expectations, have had scheduled delays, performance short falls, and probably the best and worst example of that is the last new large commercial engine we did more than a decade ago that the pw6,000 was late, was commercially disappointing, and technically didn't meet its requirements, but it was really a transformational event. after that disappointment, we completely revamped our process to make sure that we didn't repeat history. i mean, that left a lot of scars

at the time. we went through and established a very rigorous technology road map and technology readiness level process, trl level process, to ensure we had a disciplined process for bringing new innovation and technology forward with incremental, analytical tools, building hardware and testing before we commit to a customer that we're going to launch into a new engine, and i think that it's proving itself to be valuable. i think the new process is working. we've got five new geared triple fans today, and despite the fact it's probably, you know, in our view, the most revolutionary leap in new engine architectture in awhile, the engine is working well, basically on schedule, certified the first gear turbo fan for the airplane on february 22nd, and the other engines are right behind it. we learned from the mistakes made. we put in a better process, and i think we do have more

discipline now where we know we can't do something, telling the customer. >> the customer's going to be rigorous in the demands and in the performance guarantees. i can tell you -- >> even worse than that. >> the customers are. i can tell you as an example for the c series, we have five different programs being developed, and i'll use the c series as a approximatey. -- proxy. the perspective customers have been burned with other programs where they are late, where they had to rejuggle their plans, you know, portfolio plans, and i can assure you in all the discussions we have right now with our customers, there's a lot tougher requirements, punishments, guarantees, you know, for lateness, for performance than ever before in other programs where we had to

go market so i think that the customers are getting smarter in that regard. they are getting more demanding, and fairly -- i think it's fair that that happens. >> i think that to some extent you made life harder for yourselves by outsourcing. a lot of out sourcing out there. a big tradeoff between jobs on the one hand, outsourcing on the other, and why do you outsource as much as you do? are you doing less than you have done? >> i'll start maybe with that. first of all, outsourcing doesn't create less jobs, just less jobs there, but as a whole, doesn't create less jobs. for example, we're a relatively small company if you compare to air bus or boeing, not small compared to other manufacturers, but we don't have the financial wherewithall to be integrated. we figured that out a long time

ago that we needed to depend on the strong supply basis and honed skills in integration, and where is it that we add value? we're the integrator, and we know how to do that and put an aircraft together with great systems and engyps that we get. two things. we didn't have the capital structure in the depth to do all of ourselves. we do some, but so we have to go outside, so we really developed the ability to manage supply bases in the early 90s, and i think, generally, we do a good job at that. some manufacturers were more vertically integrated, moved away, and jim talk about that. they are coming back. in our case, we looked at what is important in the aircraft that we make sure we have knowledge inside, and we, on some platforms, will do as an examples fuselage, and in others, outsource the fuselage. in some, we do some part of the aircraft, but always have knowledge inside so we keep in check what we do on the outside

and develop a very, very strong supply chain group to integrate all the experts that we hire on the outside. >> although, i think that you go back to the root cause system sis, harder to apply the root cause analysis to somebody else's business than your own. >> i think the premise of the question is wrong. i think that it's been widely reported that outsourcing is the problem that created delays. i don't think it's true at all. we've. outsourcing components of aircraft for decades, and done it successfully. i, again, i would cite two issues from my speer specktive. number one, supplier selection and program management. if you pick the right suppliers, that you have confidence in, that can do the work, and then it you manage suppliers in the way i talked about with requirements, definition,

stability, and ensuring that problems are surfaced early and there will always be problems, that then can be worked ahead of time, and then you can outsource everything. it makes no sense for an oem to be vertically integrated because we do sigh or six systems a year, boeing does an avionic system every ten years, and so we have the expertise to bring this them, but i think those two issues have been the source of the problem delays because we can't get the requirements to define specifically, and we don't stay the same, and a supplier is just going to do what you tell them to do, and then when problems arise, they are not cay dash cay danced earlier. that's the problem, not the fact we did a bunch of outsources. >> he's mentioning the fact that kind of focusing on core competencies. do what you do well, do it good, and do it in the best regard to the customer as well as cost, but is the outsourcing, as a

subject, is it a necessity, or is it a strategy? when you mix the two together, and that's the, you know, the degree of separation between the two become, ewe know, a positive or negative in the process, if it's a necessity, you take what comes with it as a result, and you see cycles going back and forth where you expand and contact in terms of philosophy. if it's a true strategy and stay true to yourself with core competency as you said, it's a controllable component of the process and could become a very big strength of the process as well. >> and my contention would be it should be both because i think any -- if it's not a necessity, the only al terntive is to vertically integrate, and that's always a poor strategy, and it should be a strategy if you do it right. if you don't approach that strategically, and i get into supplier selection. you can't spread is around and expect everyone to do their job.

there's past performance matters, and selecting people who have the right competency, the proven track record and ability of performing the track records, and they should be held accountable to that. if they don't, they don't get the business. >> a quick follow-up, if i can. one of the things we've done, and steve eluded to this, especially in the last ten years, we held and you know this well, the suppliers to a certain standard so we have follow-up meetings multiple times in the year with the a-2s and all the, you know, the cig sigma processes where the problems are identified, the solutions are determined, and then there's a follow-up and strict adherence to what the agreement is, the partnership is going forward for the solution, and i think, like i said, in the last five, six, seven years for us, that's made all the difference in the world in terms of controlling the process so that when we do do an outsourcing assignment, there's a more stricter and more fundamental, i would say, result

that comes from it that is from the process itself, not necessarily, kind of, as you said, opening up and hoping for the best. >> i'd agree with clay. i do not necessarily accept the premise, bob, and the example a lot of people talk about now, obviously with a 787, i don't know for sure, but i'd be pretty certain that boeing didn't manufacture the battery 787. some of the issuings recently have nothing to do with the outsourcing strategy. i think clay mentioned a keyword when he was giving the response with respect to expertise. it's where you put the talent. in the old days, when we were not outsourcing to the extent we are today and the outsourcing was more simple leer part, more commodities kind of parts, it was a different skill set. you had buyers that placed purchase orders. you now need to ship talent into

the supply chain that has the technical expertise to be able to manage the commodity or part that you're purchasing. it requires a different skill set. a lot of the talent we had in engineers or manufacturing is working in supply chape to apply the correct skill set to outsource. >> well, i think your point is a good one, and, you know, to use clay's example, he designed, you know, a whole series of inflight op a frequent basis, aircraft manufacturer will not do that, but how do you deal with these issues? take the 787. ..