when you write a book like this, you're sitting alone in your little room and wondering, aim just a nut case or are people going to furnished the points i'm trying to make here? so far i'm gratified by the response. people have understood what i was trying to say...

>> host: on location at stanford university powell alto california talking with stanford professors adult their riding in joining us now is professor robert proctor from the history and science in stanford in this is his most recent book, "golden holocaust" origins of the cigarette catastrophe and the case for abolition" professor proctor when were cigarettes invented? >> the party take it is essential. a kid be either nicotine delivery device which they go back to the small cigar, or tobacco wrapped in paper in which case it begins in spain in the 17th century with people

in spain rolling tobacco scrap into old newspapers but then in an 18th-century with the middle east they've run out of pipe tobacco so they start rolling tobacco is an old ammunition pieces of paper to smoke that. it is me in the 19th century phenomenon. the has grown really big in the 1860's then explodes with the invention of mechanize rolling of tobacco wear instead of having a limited role cigarettes you could have 500 per day now all the sudden they have 100,000. as a result you have a program of basically having

disposed of a massive serb plus that are produced in such a quantity the price drops dramatically in tobacco goes from a luxury to a comment ordinary consumer good one-tenth of the price of a four then marketing finishes the job. >> host: how many people smoke today in the world? >> it is about 1.5 billion travis 7 billion. the chinese of the biggest smokers about 2.4 trillion cigarettes every year. of over 40 percent of the world's cigarettes. in the united states we have the smoke 350 billion down from the peak of 1982 which was 630 billion. >> host: what percentage of americans smoke? >> it is one / five.

it is lower in areas like california and higher in the port area is. tobacco, especially cigarettes has become something that poor people do much more than rich people which is different from 100 years ago. >> host: when did soaking peak? >> percentage of people is in the 1960's and 70's but depending on which age group you talk about, the peak age from teenagers was 1997 also different peaks according to what in history per-capita 1964 total consumption peaked in 1982 production 1997 because a lot is exported. >> host: at what point*

where they talked about being dangerous? >> it goes back hundreds of years. king james drove back one talks about having it blows some to the guy and harmful to the body. the first cancers are identified in the 18th century the visible areas of the mouth, tongue and throat are shown to be causing cancer in the 18th century. throat cancer becomes more commonly associated with cigars and president grant when he dies of throat cancer that is attributed to his fondness of cigars but the real truth killing masses of people justin united states is not until the 40's and '50's. the strong evidence comes from germany with a strong anti-cancer movement and there is a struggle in the

nazi party with cigarettes but they produce great science the first epidemiology showing they were much more likely to die of cancer especially long cancer. then the center of gravity shifts to britain by the 1850's you get scientists doing several different types of research to show it causes mass death that the tars from extracted smoke causes cancer and experimental mice and in epidemiology where people looking at that were dying from auto accidents people's lungs already had precancerous tumors and also people start finding chemical carcinogens it is

an effort for europe for every dollar spent of food it was $1 of tobacco. the marshall plan could be seen as an effort by the american tobacco companies to what people don't

understand using turkish tobacco tobacco smoke was not inhaled and almost no loan cancer fryer to 1900 only 142 cases known newt world wide fryer 1900

because tobacco smokers were not inhale but today in the united states alone we have 150,000 lung cancer deaths per year by far the most important answer. this epidemic is almost entirely the result of the making of cigarettes that were designed to be inhaled. that is why we consider this cigarette not to be inherently dangerous but by design. it is designed to be addictive which is why they keep the nicotine precisely manipulated levels, inhalable, because of the low ph of the smoke but that creates that they

reassure smokers that think they have a safer product. they think offer some type of protection that the filter is not of filter just like you think in our class filters sandor a speed bump prevents cars from passing. or cotton candy is diet it is the misnomer. does not filter and as you

know, from a secret document and the tragic irony is one of the main companies that refuse to go along with the filter fraud the largest tobacco company in the world in the '50s refuse to go along with filters the way the companies did and eventually went out of business. they refuse to make a product that was fraudulent. >> when did you get interested quests. >> phreatic for grandparents died of smoking one from a casino one cancer and one heart disease. so early on my parents were already aware of this being a useless product. that made an impression by

professionally i was at harvard teaching social issues in the '70s with gould and hubbard and others looking at the social causes of health. and 19th century people die from childbirth or cholera or infectious diseases or filthy water but we don't die of those but chronic diseases from environmental pollutants like tobacco. it causes about one-third of all cancers. that was the guerrilla in the room looking at various causes of diseases. in the most easily preventable part of death with 440,000 deaths in the united states and is completely preventable we just allow chewing gum.

so i started to write more intensively to find out how we come into this world with a perfect engine of the diction is allowed to be sold that is responsible for so much death and suffering. that is a like got involved. >> host: you're teaching at harvard in the '70s where people smoking in the classroom? >> they were. i remember they completely had a closed room and the professor was smoking klay cigarette. that is the ubiquitous. everybody said they knew it was bad for you but there was smoking everywhere. doctors, they recommended patients to smoke. our administrative assistants mother was a vice 1962 to take up smoking so it would ease the delivery and even now we have 400,000

babies born every year to mothers whose smoke all during pregnancy. there is in this noah smokes anymore and that is in this because reynolds say it is reserved for the pork in the black and the stupid. >> host: when did reynolds say that? >> in a photo shoot with the winston man in the 1980's quite a racist comment. but that is what happened it is also called project scum to sell to gays and the homeless in the semblances go area. projects subculture urban marketing. project some. the industry that treats its customers that way and realizes most consumers actually wished they did not use the product this is something that is not known

one of the biggest myth that smokers smoke because it is a free choice but it is not like alcohol only five or 10 percent are addicted from a pier in libertarian calculus that is why i call from abolition even smokers don't like the fact they smoke in then they are now addicted. >> the chances of an average smoker getting lung cancer? >> one / h. about half of everyone who smokes will die from their habit. each cigarette takes about seven minutes of your life. people have a lot of myths they think i will smoke until i get sick that i will stop but then the damage is done it is not like if you went out driving drunk like if you make it home that cannot killut e

cigarette is a nail in your coffin so there is a chronic continuous have it to the body to be detected in every tissue of the body. there is no consumer product like this that kills half of the users or even when used as directed by the manufacturer. there is no other product like this in the modern world. >> host: would you hearing from students as opposed to lose 20 years ago? >> it has changed at the universities like stanford for only five or 10 percent of students will be smokers of cigarettes the also the recent fad of the hookah pipes but that comes and goes. but a lot of students don't even know it is tobacco so they come up to say hookah

is not bad is it? i say what do you think it is? they say just hookah didn't know it is tobacco but there are a lot of myths about tobacco and the point* of the book is to say that you thank you note tobacco you don't know scott. you know, about the radioactivity people think it is not so bad to get cancer because it will be cured in a few years no big deal. there 680 ingredients added to tobacco everything from ammonia from a freebase to give a kick to make it crack nicotine to the exotic like or chocolate which contains

bromide witches of bronchodilator or menthol makes the poison go down or secretion from the e no gland of the siberian beaver using as a flagrant so there is a witch's brew of the ingredients added making it anything but we have a saying saying cigarettes are no more tobacco wrapped in paper than "the new york times" is of pine tree which is the most carefully designed small object on the planet with tens of billions of dollars that has gone into the engineering from an industry estimate secret document. >> host: have a smoking laws made a difference? >> to give smokers the

opportunity to get the monkey off their back it has also day normalize the habit. watching mike wallace interviews from the 1950's whether the cigarette was the star it would soon end of the cigarette you have the head of the communist interview but he is a fascinating interview with the pioneer of birth control. after the hour-long interview she says as a 80 year-old pioneer, i have never been a smoker but i am 80 years old but i will take it up and smoke philip morris cigarettes. that just shows how basically bought and sold people were at this time. that is another theme of the book there is no part that is smoke-free.

thousands of scientists have been paid doctors have physicians and historians. and every university has people working quietly in litigation or consulting i call it the of biggest breach of integrity of the of undiagnosed black mark on modern scholarship. >> host: professor proctor how strong is the tobacco lobby today as opposed to previously? >> a little weaker than they used to be but still a $12 billion advertising budget in the united states directed to smokers with hundreds of dollars per smoker on advertising and perm -- promotions every smoker is on a list but the

influence is weaker than it used to be used to be the most powerful lobby in washington d.c.. the tobacco institute was a stone's throw you could stand on the roof to throw a rock and hit the white house. that has been disbanded by loss of their -- they're no longer allowed to lobby in the same way or the same energy they use to. there were 10 senators said appeared in tobacco ads and that has disappeared but they still have political force in.is exerted globally rather than nationally. they could attack packaging losses using free trade as an instrument to punish any renegade country that would come out against tobacco.

they have a tremendous war chest because profits are so high. people $10,000 of philip morris stock in 1958 is worth $50 million today so these are still the most powerful companies in the world to love morris international law hundred $50 billion company they are very popular and printing money because the cigarette is paper wrapped in paper wrapped in paper with a war chest to influence government that is why we smokes $6 trillion. that is 350 million miles a cigarettes. with the continuous chain of cigarettes to the sun and back with enough left over

with a round trip to mars. says cigarettes are produced a 350 million miles per year faster than the rate that satellite's orbit the earth. so pitcher being smoked data rate faster you forget a scale of the problem. >> host: booktv on c-span2 talking to professor robert proctor from stanford university from history and science professor his book "golden holocaust" origins of the cigarette catastrophe and the case for abolition"