publisher to want to bring that readership with that author. >> with that, we have to say goodbye to her c-span two audience. what you think our panel today, james mcquivey, author digital disruption an analyst at forrester research. angela james, executive editor at carina press and =tranfour that offer solutions. you may want to tweet this. not everyone thinks self-publishing is a good thing. someone once said times a day are bad your children no longer obey their parents and everyone is writing a book. cicero said that in the first century. [laughter] my name is christopher kenneally. thank you, all. [applause] [inaudible conversations]

[inaudible conversations]

>> when you first arrived at

sydney four years ago, i'm sure you never imagined it the end of that they would dearly be talking to you in a funny accent. [laughter] this accent has been the bane of my existence. i moved to new york from england and i met henry kissinger. and he said to me, don't ever worry about your accent. in american public life, you can never underestimate the advantages of complete incomprehensibility. [laughter]

>> will bring you back here to the book expo in new york city for the next panel and about half an hour to see how newcomers have been as review the future of publishing. in the meantime, here's a look at the state of the manufacturing industry from today's "washington journal." >> host: scott paul is the executive director for the alliance of manufacturing. thank you for being here this morning. what manufacturing the united states, i received a combat? >> guest: it is fair to say we are in a much better position than we were four years ago and over the last couple of years, since 2010, we've added

manufacturing jobs, if little over half a million manufacturing jobs. but the first extended really that we've seen since the 1990s. so that is positive although i must say in the last year or so that job growth has wrote down quite a bit and we've seen a pretty stagnant job market in manufacturing. over the last decade or more, we saw a significant shift downward in terms of manufacturing jobs, loss of fracturing capacity, lots of global share of trade and other key measurements. so were not backed to the point we were before the great recession started, but weren't making progress. that's the first time we've been able to say that for a lot time. >> the bureau of labor

statistics. our guests over half a million, but we see that bigger job loss, 6 million jobs lost between the year 2,002,009 you put them in context for us. where we see in those losses and gains? >> it's a good question and there's a lot of good research done by economist at m.i.t. that say use the fact very. it affects the entire community. it's different than satanic, closes uses some convenience, but the ripple effect that they downward pressure on wages because if he loses job for more than likely you can go to something that has less money circulating in the economy. lower tax revenues for communities and he seen the ripple effect of manufacturing communities across the country.

what types of manufacturing have been effect that? that's a good question because up until the great recession, you saw massive job loss in virtually every type of manufacturing. whether it was aerospace and high-tech were the things in and doing a very long time like steel and on mobiles. you saw it across the board and i would add since the end of the great recession, you seem nice gains in the detroit three doing very well, putting people back to work and that striven a lot of manufacturing job growth in other sectors of manufacturing. think of the class of the automobile, all the parts and those were a lot of jobs. a lot of success in manufacturing has been an upswing, but also the strength of the sector.

>> zero jobs added in april. what can we expect this month? >> i don't get my crystal ball that too often because i'm usually completely wrong about what the jobs numbers are on the forecasting. i don't expect a huge upswing in manufacturing jobs is some other recent data points we've seen. we need to do better than the president laid out a million new manufacturing job role last year during the campaign. we've been keeping track every month because you have to have a certain number to stay on pace which is 21,000 jobs per month. part of that is weakness in europe and china, but it's clear the equation has to change if we make much progress. >> host: talk to us about reassuring. manufacturing is done abroad, but is brought back to the united states.

do we see this happening and we expect more of it? >> guest: that's clearly happening. the latest example of the motorola and google announcing they will make the first american-made smartphone putting 2000 people work in texas for a product called the moto apps. if you would've asked me whether that was possible, because of the announcements of motorola and google along with apple building mac computers, building laptops in north carolina come a company building five screens, tvs and detroit. he seen some of this reassuring of consumer electronics and high-tech jobs. i think those are some of the hardest jobs to get back from overseas and using other big companies announced they produce more. general electric, whirlpool, maytag and others.

thank .. independent calls, independent phone co. the president has promised

1 million new manufacturing jobs in his second term. is that a realistic goal? >> guest: i think it is possible to do that. it means about 21,000 manufacturing jobs being created every month. that would drop the trend that we've seen over the last decade. but that is one of the reasons to think manufacturing can be more competitive in the united states. and you now see a lot of literature coming from the management consultants on why it makes sense to be sure and be closer to the consumers that you are serving. you can control your inventory, you may not lose your intellectual property like a lot of companies are finding what's happening in china or having forced technology transfers that spurs competitors. why it is going dhaka little bit. you are never going to have wages like they are in china and they will never have wages like in the united states but we often make up for that in terms of productivity and proximity to

market. so, it is a good goal and i am glad the president has laid it out, but one thing we are going to be doing is holding him accountable for that and we do think it is going to take public policy as well to get us there. it's not going to happen on its own but we need to build an architecture to support manufacturing in this country which has been absent for the last couple of decades but we need a manufacturing policy in the country to make that happen. >> host: let's get to the phones to see what the viewers have to say. trouble hell north carolina, independent. go ahead. >> caller: yes, thanks for taking my call. i think in the big picture here what we are looking at is, well of course we want jobs. we want manufacturing to pick up and we want to know what we are hearing from the government is true, and when it comes to trusting our government, while a lot of that has come to light recently and questions of whether we can trust if they say

the wages are going to be better and if they say that there will be jobs produced can we trust that? one of the problems is for many years we have been told if there is no such thing as truth, what this does as lets people have the ability to lie without consequences. you look at the president and say he's a nice guy, sure people like him. but is he telling the truth? the point is when he says one thing, and the opposite comes out, you have to ask yourself is he trustworthy? so whether manufacturing will be increased related to the country and improving the economy, yes but the government does will have in fact. but again, there is such a thing as truth and lies.

>> host: let's get eight response. >> guest: i think of manufacturing it's a good question because the president has done a lot of things which have received free support from the business community as well as from the labour community in manufacturing which is rare, and you see in a program of innovation institutes that are designed to get the new technology into the factories which i think will be very helpful, using the program to train 2 million new workers to go into the skilled professions like manufacturing. we have to rebuild the vocational education system in this country which was torn apart as we saw manufacturing down slide. so i think those are very positive things. i do want to talk about kind of honesty and that because i think this is missing a bit from the discussion. and in washington, d.c.. you hear a lot politicians just talk about exports and how great they are and that's true, they are fabulous. but anybody knows when you are balancing a checkbook, you have to look at the deposits as well

as debt and we do not looking of the imports. the impact that they are having on the communities in this country. and i do think that we have a way to go to have a little more honesty about the trade debate and the impact that has on the country. we can sign free trade agreements, but unless they are guaranteeing reciprocity, unless we have balanced trade with countries like china and japan, we will not make the progress we need to see. i hope there is a little more honesty coming from both parties on that issue. >> host: president thomas book about manufacturing in america earlier this month applied minerals in austin texas. before we hear from them, tell us about these manufacturing hubs. the president is calling for this investment. how much money and what would it do? >> these are innovation institutes. the president would like to see 15 of them around the country that would specialize in various

types of manufacturing. the first innovation institute is already running in youngstown ohio and it deals with additive manufacturing or printing. that is eventually it might be able to have this in your own home, but you program something like i want to make a yodah out of rubber and will create a little yodah toy for you but it's a fascinating technology. the reason for this is really important. basic research like that is very hard for small and mid-sized manufacturers to support within their own capital budgets because they are literally living from paycheck to paycheck. so, public investment with academia, the private sector, and the departments like the department of defense, department of energy, department of commerce, it makes a lot of sense to do that basic research and find the applications that are going to work on the shop

floor. the will give a technological edge. it's a very important program. highroad competitors like germany already have well-developed innovation hubs like this and it's the perfect example why you need a public policy because it is impossible for the small and mid-sized manufacturers to do on their own in this type of market. >> host: let's look at president obama in austin texas earlier this month. >> we've launched our first manufacturing innovation institute in youngstown ohio to develop new technologies and eat with the workers with required skills to master 3-d printing techniques. in my state of the union address i called on congress to set up 15 more of these hubs all across america and i said my administration would move forward on our own and even without congressional action. today we are launching a competition for those. we are looking for businesses and universities that are willing to partner together to help the region, helped turn the

region into a global centers of high-tech jobs because we won the next revolution of manufacturing to be made in america. [applause] we are going to do that. >> host: president obama speaking in texas, and we see that story from local texas newspaper a story that you mentioned mentions opening the texas manufacturing facility. open up the regional effort too. we are seeing some companies open up shop. why and where else is benefitting? >> guest: there are manufacturing jobs being created all over the country. advanced batteries in michigan, the auto industry is coming back to the midwest. but you see this all over again. you see texas attracting a lot of capital for high-tech and austin has been a pioneer in high-tech and computers for a very long time. you see google class is being made in the bay area and san

francisco. the stock is skyrocketing and is being made in san francisco. so there are benefits for every region of the country and i know we just moved into a new office and made a point to find american made material from all over the country to put into the office and we have textiles from north carolina and chairs from michigan and i look forward to getting that high-tech equipment in the office because that has not yet been available. uzi these benches all over the place. they are not just limited to the south and that is something that is special to manufacturing. you see the concentration of the main factor in all over the united states of america. >> host: the alliance for american manufacturing. let's go to michigan and hear from a democrat. hello. >> caller: hello. this is pauly. >> host: yes, you're on the air. go ahead. >> caller: i want to ask a couple questions. how many companies have offered

jobs to china in the last ten years coming and what you think about the fact that the states are changing and borrow money from china. it just seems ridiculous. thank you for c-span. >> those are very good questions. in terms of the number of companies that offshore, it would be easier to come up with a company that does not offshore. by virtually every major multinational company has shifted some work out of united states the last two decades. the only question is whether it was mexico or a country like china. if you look at the data we lost about 5.5 million manufacturing jobs. that is one-third of all manufacturing jobs between 2000 to 2009. there are estimates that anywhere from about 1.5 to 3 million of those jobs were lost due to offshore and we also

downsized our capacity. we lost about 55,000 factories. some of them were quite small, employing only eight or ten people and some of them are larger employee 1,000 or 2,000 people but we lost 55,000 factories over that period as well. now indy 500 is a plurality of the idea of where to source, and companies are taking a second look at the united states especially sourcing for selling the north american market. that does not mean that of shoring is going to stop. and i also believe that we need better public policies on taxes and trade and work force and things like the innovation hubs that the president has proposed to encourage the in sourcing or whatever you want to call it to keep the jobs here and attract them back to the united states as well.

>> host: jeneane of new york republican. >> caller: good morning and thank you for taking my call. i have two questions and one comment. mr. scott -- or space -- i would like to know what kind of manufacturing jobs building a share in the united states and why we need a college education for the manufacturing jobs. there are high-tech jobs out there as i remember, and i am pretty old even though i may be sound young. used to be that when you had a factory he would win on the bottom of the totem pole and he would be trained on the job. when you want to get higher pay, you were on the job how to get

that higher pay. in other words you became a high-tech employee. you either go into management or you would be producing the best product, an example, the automobile industry. nobody went to college for that. clothing manufacturers, nobody went to college for that. now the president is saying we need to go to college. that means our younger people are going to have to put themselves in debt and this is very unfair to the united states citizens. first of all, she asked what kind of jobs are out there for people looking at manufacturing. if you believe a lot of these reports that the management consultants have come out about what type of work is going to be available in the united states, it boils down to this, fabricated metals, chemicals, computer and electronics and in

dallas texas it is wood and furniture products and primary metals deal -- there's one thing they have in common which is that the to require most of them a high school education. that doesn't mean a college degree. it could be anywhere from six months of training to two years of community college to provide either and apply year provided training and worker can try to achieve a skills credential and then get a job in the factory or it could be a portable skills provincial and the know how the data gathered.

18 and 19 to go to manufacturing who have to worry about them piling on student at. there's another example where germany listings very well in a collaborative effort from the government, the private sector and labour unions to provide skills and training with a high-tech and a high-wage work force where the workers were paid an average of $40 an hour of manufacturing professions. >> host: why should i hope my child grows up and works in a factory is that better than giving some other type of job. there were not a lot of opportunities in the factories and never are and there are for two reasons and we see some of this work coming back and we also see the demographics changing in manufacturing and the average age of a

manufacturing worker is upwards of 50 years and there's only a few more years they have until retirement beef. the image of manufacturing is a very positive one. part of that is the trick is building good cars and people will have a renewed focus on made in america, and they know they are contributing in the economy. the manufacturing jobs tend to pay a little better and have a few more benefits like health care than jobs in other sectors like the service sector for example. if you can have a family supporting and then come, buy a house, and put some money into savings if you are -- if you have a manufacturing profession there are a few other jobs like that. manufacturing is one of the lease to do that. >> host: we're talking about the men factoring in our guest

is space paul, executive director of the alliance for american manufacturing. up next in pittsburgh massachusetts of the independent line. hello, brian. >> caller: how are you doing? yes, i don't understand why they call that free trade. it destroys this country. a lot of people don't -- are not college material. so why would they pass free trade with china the trade deficit with china, china buying up everything. they get all the money because the stupid trade deals. i don't understand it. why would we do that? if you want to buy something, you have to make it there. they care more about their people in this country does. what's wrong with this country? >> guest: he raised one of the points i talk about a lot which is the unbalanced trade policy

in this country i went to this philosophy which is we want to do free trade and we don't look at the results and we don't forget the details and as one of the challenges if we have a trade agreement and a trade policy that was based on reciprocity and on achieving a balanced and trade so the exports equal the imports we would have a lot more jobs here and interesting thing about. the bill was signed by bill clinton and passed by the republican congress in 2000. and of one of the anecdotes that president obama has shared is that he really heckled the clintons that were in his administration like rahm emanuel, and others, larry summers, about china, the free trade with china or actually it is just a permanent normal trade

relations it's not technically free trade agreement, but how bad it had been for the united states. and he stepped up trade enforcement against china on things like solar panels, although parts, tires and other types of products that we have seen on this massive infusion of funding from china. but here's the problem, the trade deficit has continued to go up under the administration and is now a record $315 billion last year with china. it's a tremendous imbalance. the president is meeting with the president of china next week in california. and i do hope they take these economic issues a little more to the easily than they have been and develop a program to reduce the trade deficit down to a much more sustainable level. because you are right, it is costing america a lot of jobs, a lot of wealth, a lot of know-how that isn't easy to rebuild. >> host: as the president meets with a chinese leader and in just a few days what is on the line for the manufacturing?

what could come out of that meeting? >> guest: it's a good question. there's a lot on the line for manufacturing. we have the currency issue that a lot of people are aware of, where china as an undervalued currency and gives it a tree that vantage. and the administration is kind of slow on that issue. that is one that gets raised pity to have intellectual property theft, which accompanies complain about it they've located in china. you have the issue of cyber which has an impact on american security, but as well as on the privacy and on the enterprise as well. and the acquisition of the business secrets. and again, you have -- you see a surge of chinese production in items like the steel and solar panels that don't reflect market forces. and i think that is something the president has to address as well otherwise we are going to see this on the shores and it's going to end up closing factories in the united states.

the question is how do you address that with all of the other security issues that you have with the chinese? but i strongly believe that the chinese have more respect for you if you are willing to be firm with them than if you dance around the issue is. and if we make the intentions clear like reduce the trade deficit or the consequence is xyz, then they will know the consequence and they will respond >> host: looking at imports and exports relationship with china, the top in part that we see from china, we look at the mobile phones and broadcasting equipment and bring that into the tune of $50 million. computers also nearly $45 million, computer equipment and toys also coming in. we get this information from the heritage foundation and they took the numbers from the census. what do we send over to china? the hour main export $15 million for the and also we stand scrapped and a $9.5 million, the

automobiles and semiconductors. why are the types of goods and items that we send over and received from china significant? >> host: you think of the value added of those types of exports and so the waste and the scrap, what you had it from the american economy of sending china waste and scrap there are very few jobs that are supported by the waist and scrap exports. there are some but they are very few. on the semiconductors there is much more of a supply chain. that means there are more jobs but are supported. but if you look on the balance if those exports and imports you see china exporting to the united states which are lower but also a lot of very high value pieces of equipment by the mobile phones and computer equipment if we have the capacity to do that in the united states we see the devotee for the economy.

that would support probably four or five other jobs in the community. every job that's been created their so they really do matter and this is one of the big myths about the trade with china is that we are getting cheap low-end stuff and we are sending over. the draft you just showed but many of our exports are very low value and support a very little job creation and the united states. >> host: west virginia, a democrat. hello. >> caller: how are you today. mr. paul, first of all the dissent of about china. it's the whole world if it relies on the united states as the market for their goods. germany couldn't last if they couldn't export all over europe and to the united states today i regard free trade is the worst enemy the united states and the american people have ever faced.

there is a small sliver of american society mostly corporate managers and shareholders that are making a killing by using cheap labor in the third world, in bangladesh everywhere and they are able to sell the products at first world prices making that third world prices. and if we don't stop this coming you can kiss this country get by. there's 25 million americans are unemployed. it is not just about this sliver of high-tech jobs building iphone. it's about the people that are required to produce all the products to the american public's. >> host: in "the new york times" today the story about the bangladesh factory. there's a ten year old boy that has had to provide some blood samples to help identify the remains of his father who worked in that factory.

"the new york times" also reports that labor advocates are pushing washington to revoke bangladesh's special trade status. >> i would say that you are right about identifying one of the trade challenges. it's not just china. there are a lot of problems we have, and i think the trade can be good if it is balanced. there's a lot of exporting as well. when the workers are faced with conditions like they are in bangladesh, many of them brought about by multinational companies with headquarters in the united states, that raises a serious question. and there are things that can be done through the trade policy like revoking the trade status for the bangladesh to make the point. i do agree with you that i think that our -- i think that our economic policy and economic policy is to tilted towards the company's behalf and outsourcing strategy.

we need to bring that back into the balance coming and the allegiance should lead to job creation in the united states. that doesn't mean we shouldn't trade, but it does mean that we need balance. and that is exactly what has been missing from these policies. and i am also very sorry to say that it takes a tragedy like we've seen in bangladesh to make the front pages because this happens everyday in the developing world where the workers are toiling in horrible conditions to make our garments, and they are not getting a lot of the money. the companies are for the branding and for the marketing and for the profit margin. and we need to raise wages and developing countries overseas and that will have a beneficial effect in the united states and frankly it would not add a lot to the cost of things that we have added. republican, hello. >> caller: thank you for taking my call.

also, for covering such an important topic. i think manufacturing loss is basically what has troubled us economically over the last three decades. i think the cause for the loss is a and naphtha. in 1991i believe that it was ross perot that said when it was passed we would hear a giant sucking sound as the jobs went south. i think that he was partly right because not only did they go south, but it went all of around the world. what can be done? how can we change naphtha and

adjust it to return american jobs to america? and also, one last comment that i think this very important for all of us to do everything we can to buy american products whenever we go out and whenever we go shopping and we going to restore. i think that once american companies get the idea that made in america cells, then there will just be an easy business decision to return american manufacturing jobs. >> the point that out made in america is a very good one. we see that not only anecdotally that in the survey and behavioral research now where consumers are interested in a maid and america and willing to pay a small premium for it. they are doing it for all sorts of reasons whether it is the quality or patriotism or supporting their own economy. but there are a lot of reasons why they are supporting made in

america. and you see the company's advertising more things as made in america. i'm surprised that companies like say chrysler or ford. the of the factories in the south and saying their products are made in america and it is a big selling point to them and gallup poll has done research on this and marketing firms on madison avenue have done research on this and it is the selling point. now, we've covered the trade topic but what to do about it is the good question. it's not just to not trade. that's a disaster because the trade can be beneficial if it is done in balance. no less capital than warren buffett once proposed that over and above what the balance would be considering the amount that we export should have to buy a certificate to do that and that is reinject money back into this

economy of. they shouldn't be buying more free trade agreements should be reciprocity and balance, and also making sure that you are paying as much attention to the labor rights and the process standards oversees the rights of investors and the free flow of capital and all that so there's a lot more balance to the equation than there is right now. >> you can watch the rest of this conversation online at c-span.org as we head back now to new york city for c-span2's live coverage of the bookexpo for a look at what those who are new to publishing think about the future of the publishing industry. we will hear from graduate students from nyu's publishing program.