>> you have to be eric schmidt and jared cohen to draw a crowd like this it is the new digital age and eric schmidt is a software engineer by a bringing and chief technology officer of microsystems and for those who love the digital age he has the distinction of bell labs from the places back in the old days from wonderful retreats to help invent of

the transistor -- transistor became ceo of kugel and has been a longtime friend and jared cohen growing up was bitten by the travel bug and went wandering around starting in iran zero god knows how you got that visa and palestinian refugee camps and children of the jihad to put them at the intersection of geopolitics and technology in a very smart move to secretaries of state with policy planning appointed by secretary condoleezza rice and one of the people reappointed by

secretary hillary clinton he helped to found google's ideas that applies to technology and other things for example, recently human trafficking database around the world that google's gave some technology how to connect them all. so the book is the new digital age so i will start with eric. baghdad? how did that have been? >> let me start by saying that being at the center of ideas that affected the technology center for least two decades i have the privilege of working with charlie firestone and now with the expanded interest so it is great to be here. we met because we decided to

visit iraq to see what it would look like when the fighting had ended and as part of that i ned jarrett on the trip and when i play it back that is all i hear is her voice -- the voice. [laughter] it was in 2009 we began reaching out to to silicon valley to have a conversation about how technology was in the immediate core business area where the extraordinary impact on technology was felt and iraq was on that list and syria and certain parts of russia and so the

very first fortune 100 ceo from a technology company to be in baghdad was a big deal because we tried to connect to the world of expertise of psychology with geopolitics. >> what was interesting andy initial conversation where does the money go? but may be making cell phones illegal so we're not cross connected the most important thing to do to rebuild communication and

that was the conclusion and one of the first observations the threats against americans were the itt's to put up the of life by tower meant to put cameras on then to see your the ideas are going it is a lack of ideas because of the lack of the infrastructure doesn't understand to provoke the collaboration how does that undermine autocratic regimes? >> one of the challenges that dictators in the future have a dilemma is take a country like iran roughly 25 percent of the population and connected to the internet. when everyone has said he mail account everyone has various voice-over services

the population of iran may still be 72 million but in the virtual world aside half a billion. this is a serious challenge how do they account of 500 million voices online? >> there is a possibility of the overreaction with the internet three people can sell my 10,000 and that is a threat to the dictators. so now you have these three people. now you have a real problem so you create an existence movement had to ignore them you wouldn't have. >> they will use this noise and online activity so it

will benefit of physical movement tuesday out to. >> how important with than networking technologies of the air of spring? >> with the future revolution it will be easier to start but harder to finish that technology is very useful to form the weak ties online to turn into the medium ties but technology is good for organizing to get the dictator out of power. but what it can do is create leaders overnight when it can't do is to create institutions that are not there and it increases expectations. people expect the revolution to finish as quickly as is started but was all these theories of what happened over the next 10 years they will back fill with the real leadership skills the

community and the population goes back. >> i am not sure you want to be the first leader of these countries because everyone's expectations are rising we hear you preside over the bubble of the country and people are interconnected but you still try to figure of who works for you. >> i just read a book that was similar called bunker hill hysterias 1775 how the american revolution started and i was struck by the fact those like facebook like twitter.

[laughter] and it can go on but what struck me was people who had the social networks but there was taken over quickly by the militia is not what they expected and those who put their bodies on the line take the revolution that is started by social networking >> free throw around the turn cyber dissident. >> some a who is willing to have some degree and somebody in cyberspace about

one year ago where is the army the entire place is run by militia began turn this thing upside down. >> we were told it is good we did not come the day before because the militia that supported that to install a different one and the previous militia formed to attack the first militia to put that back in power. that is the reality of the militia led group but there's always people of courage and we heard the

chinese don't seem to have a lot in there so brutally repressed people are unwilling to ling to have them killed and the environment movement is a deeper threat but in particular people are willing to put up with the craziness and lack of democracy but willing to take pictures of the environment because they are terrified families of being killed. i have one child it is everything in their culture. >> talk about everything you needed to do. >> china is the only current century that we can get into the business of exchanging censorship tools for

minerals. the only country that is active censorship you get a phone call and it is illegal to discuss the by can assure you it has to do with the senior leaders. >> it became so obsessive and we thought it was a modest transition because they are terrified with the truth of what is going on because they were attacked by a the cyber police and the tracking they do across the world for those three to eight reasons to go move to hong kong if you say one country, two systems we like hongkong better. [laughter] but you say a lot of people

debate that especially in beijing and depending on which group you talk to you get different answers. a reasonable assumption is you have got to address the things that are affecting the lives of middle-class people. so we talk about the train accidents in the cover-up of the government and then the twitter equivalent the overage happens the man running the train system is highly corrupt and under a death sentence. so they're willing to act based on that so they can correctly handle can they use a modified version? so then they can survive if they can't for whatever set of reasons they're in big

trouble. >> they also have another dilemma for whatever reason to avoid the subject roughly 600 million who are connected right now goes to our if i could generalize 700 million new people are connected in china in the next decade religiously diverse they have more grievances and nobody really knows what happens when they come on line so when they talk about a dictatorship to the cat and mouse game but the reality is no dictatorship is fully connected so they don't know how they will handle it. >> but what happens when the

next 5 billion join us? thirty country is plus/minus are just like us. they have the same ones and needs and trapped in a bad system. when they get connected it is like we would when we get connected to put enormous pressures on their government who often are not legitimate and the government will react to back. that will become one of the major stories of the next five years and we conclude what is new is a lack of empowerment to court levels we have to get used to a. the government will adapt

and all of us will have a bigger market and become safer and deal with the consequences. >> when i was in china 10 years ago in the western provinces, and in a small coffee shop i typed been timed out com, or cnn and someone said cnn pops up? he said rigo to the proxy's servers in hong kong that they are clueless about. but tuesday's the step ahead >> it will be cat and mouse the will continue but the autocracy in the future cannot continue the news blackout prop. it will happen with a microbe log and even if you

shut down internet immobile unless you confiscate there phone once you turn it back on you cannot prevent those. they will have to exist in a new reality with not any news blackout. >> so the technology is a virtual private network with encryption to keep the data secret where is new technology in china that actually looks for the vpn to block them but in the book we speculate that as long as the number is small the government can block it because you can find them if you have 1 million people and there are 1,000 beating differently you can figure out who they are but if it spreads it gets much harder at the moment the government

has gotten good at what the mold of so the system is good and switching the mall. >> i think you will policy and philosophy to be on the side of the mall? [laughter] >> it is our policy clearly to fight censorship a hard and we're willing to take a significant business hit in their celebrated everywhere so i say that we are but the core value is the power of information and one of the harshest lessons for me is not everyone agrees and all information is useful in any basic way and information is incredibly frightening to

government and business but have their own love all of dialogue or corruption. >> do think there may be ideas that would not be useful like the holocaust denial in europe? >> we're not talking about personal affirmation of privacy but we try to be very precise as the broadly defined political speech we argue it is good that everybody has a chance but our view is information's calls most problems but as it is and in the virtual world. >> when we set out to write the books we want to look at

the issue of privacy and security not just the context of the civilian people balsa of the next 5 billion people who will join us on line and when you go to libya or tunisia or afghanistan people don't seem to have any distinct understanding of privacy and they become intertwined so we have a profound sense to link the two together and we view it as your ultimate share of responsibility to make them readily available and easily understandable to safeguard their own privacy and government has a role but the most important conclusion is the role of parents we talked to saudi arabia and all the different places and our view is the matter was society kids come on-line faster and younger than any other time in

history and coming so fast that what they do and say outpaces commager they are so parents need to talk to their kids about the importance of online privacy and security years before they ever talk to them about sex. >> we talk is there a delete button? there is not. this puts up serious problems as a classic example these violate the american sense of fairness that a high-school commits a minor crime in america and the juvenile court they become adults and behave well they can petition the court to have it expunged

the court agrees they can truthfully answered your ever convicted of a crime they can say no. but the employer does the internet search to see they are a liar but that violates a sense of justice have we given up this example of juvenile forgiveness their recent examples where people a recently charged it is all for the paper and charged falsely even the boston bombings there were people who were charged in the press because of shall we say quick reaction will now have a great deal of trouble getting their reputation back. this is not a new problem but richard jewell in the atlanta bombing so in the system how does fairness working in a world where the

internet behaves like this? >> you talk out the it does not have the delete button but it is not so much the internet doesn't but the search engine doesn't. if you are buried in the "times picayune" it is irrelevant so is it possible to have a way to say we will lower a certain types of searches? >> it is technically possible to do that so let's describe and we debated that with the early years of kugel then how'd you decide legitimacy on such a request? so it is called the right to be forgotten. it sounds like a good idea excluding those who want to

be forgotten for a reason so who gets to decide? google's ultimately decided we cannot systematically and al gore rhythmically make that decision. it would make a request of a good person. >> is of the court order way ? >> in europe there trying but we do honor the laws of the country that we operate is a live there was such a law all the bernice peers would be the first user user, somehow the law would be applied uniformly.

pfizer is a secret court i don't imagine it would be a secret court. >> but presumably it is already known and we are describing china at this point* it is highly unlikely america will adopt a chinese evil pattern. >> when we talk about privacy it is confused with anonymity. plan not sure ready deserves to be anonymous. but then to be pack of cigarettes in and be back in an instant but do you think the internet would be better off with less anonymity? >> talking about human judgment there are wonderful

things and people talk about privacy and security and it is an important conversation but it does not of solace of the responsibility to exercise good judgment in the future that is the important feature but it empowers people for good and the whole question whether people could be hidden or not you can look at it and the context, but of every day law-abiding users or criminals, a terrorist and people in the context of boston allowed an entire population with smart phones to take a term of the analog. >> you asked about the anonymity question it is a relatively new concept.

>> if you go back to my childhood 100 years ago people lived in small villages and everyone knew everyone else everyone knew through the criminal was and society police itself it has a number of benefits to have overreached of the u.s. government but it is also a harbor for bad things would ultimately grew will always allow for anonymity and even if a majority of din it is important to preserve but it is also a important to

pierce the veil in the situation of a public safety issues so there are court orders that are possible when you have someone hiding behind a wall of anonymity it seems like a reasonable outcome. >> plato says if you put the ring nine you are invisible or anonymous would you be moral if you could never be seen and they said that would be bad. these things there should be a part of the internet that was a verify the identity? >> it is likely one will emerge as a normal course of business but the normal --

the reason is this represents all of the human a few people in this room would not be the same as everybody else and they would want to spend all of the time with this ban mail as if they have nothing else to do. there are two solutions everybody talks about the crazy person who isn't working and it is not unreasonable but they viewed as a drinking problem it is -- ranking problem for the you could give verified and identities that is another signal for quality. if you look at facebook for twitter or amazon you have

verified identities and their much more likely for people who are not crazy. . .