quickly, but after the 2011 revolution, at any wise government could have instilled a sense of pride and possibilities. with the egyptian trade for more than anything else, more than the u.s. donors is dignity. and this was one of the main slogans of the first revolution. and that is exactly where mr. morsi failed. he and his party had no plan, he offered little in the way of real solutions to the major crisis facing egypt like electricity, shortage of fuel, a spiraling economy, a lack of security, sectarian violence, education and so on. i don't have to go all over the many pills that we went through

during this year. moreover, morsi was unpopular. he was whenever the opposite of charisma and his and never got to grips with the grinding problems of poverty and unemployment. egyptian word humiliated when they saw him. can this be the president of egypt? not timbuktu we were talking about, egypt, ninety million people with seven thousand years of civilization. it is very difficult to swallow when people say from the beginning you were all against him. we were not all against him but he didn't have much. he and the brotherhood perceived victories in the elections as mandates to shaped the nation's policy as they deemed fit. overlooking the need to share

power and what they fought was to institutionalize islamic ideology and amass as much power as possible for him. so instead of installing the government of national unity he filled all the sensitive post with his cronies weather in the cabinet or the institutions or even the judiciary that they attacks and wanted to remove half of them, over 60 and put in said their people. so the biggest problem was that both government and opposition lost the majority of the people and i am saying again not only the government but also the opposition. with the result that vote muslim

brotherss increasingly authoritarian rule, his approach to governing was more, managed to destabilize the country rather than stabilize it. you always see the u.s. administration say they want stability. this man managed to destabilize the country because he was divisive. he divided the egyptian against each other. and now let us go to the debate exists in this country, which is is this a coup or not a kook? of $15 million question of what is his name, the same thing, is a coup or not a coup? every day we ask different. how important is this?

is over whether it is a coo or not. at least the administration was worried enough not to use this word because according to u.s. law if it is a coup than the great amount of assistance that the u.s. administration gives to egypt would be suspended. so is this a coup or not a coup? let me start by saying one thing. inaction, not intervention by the army, would have been criminal. it is not intervention that is criminal, but it would have been in action that would have been criminal in the sense that it is not a coup in the traditional sense and certainly does not merit a suspension of u.s. assistance which the law prescribes. what the army did by intervening

in response to popular demand evidence by the thirty million egyptians who took to the streets was to prevent a bloodbath that would have scarred egypt and would have jeopardized even mr. morsi's life because he would not have been scared by the mob. i believe the movement was expressly the movement of them powered citizens and this is one of the achievements of this will-11 revolution, the empowerment of egyptians has never been empowered, they always had a very pharaoh or a king or colonizers, etc.. so for once they felt the country really belong to them and they had essay. so i believe the movement was not only the movement of

empowered citizens writing their own history, one of the greatest achievements of the 2011 revolution, but people refused the secular dictatorship of mubarak and now they are refusing the islamic authoritarian, has nothing to do with religion or liberals against islamic or whatever. is against dictatorship, against authoritarianism and so on. i would rather call it a popular impeachment. i think this word was given to me by somebody very dear to me and i think this describes exactly what it is, a popular impeachment and this was probably the largest revolutionary outpouring in human history. what about the present situation? the present situation in which the military has proposed a brotherhood presidens will tel

why. had morsi not done such an abysmal job as a president the ministry would have lived quite happily under a constitutional system that left its power and budget largely outside the bounds of the emerging religiously grounded political system is in position of a conservative vision of society served the power elites as a whole much as the rise of social conservatives in the united states has served its economic elite quite well. but the only way this could have succeeded would have been for morsi's government to give enough other political forces a voice in the new system to enable them to feel they had a stake in their success and that

did not happen. morsi and the brotherhood spectacularly failed in this task with their narrow focus on social issues, managerial incompetence, rising sectarian violence and a constitution that was short to antagonize large segments of the society such as women, the judiciary, the intellectual and artistic community, political parties, labor some tickets etc.. in other words, all of those who took to the streets on june 30th. i was elected to the first constituent assembly, but i had resigned because 75% of the assembly was islamic. we would not have had a chance even to put in a word. this second constituent assembly was deemed as illegitimate as

the first one but remains and drafted the constitution that has now been suspended. another problem was the disbanding of the lower house which is the parliament closed off one institutional political space for egyptians, both to negotiate with, moderates and even push back against the new leadership leading nowhere for the normal push and full of politics to transpire. and so the street became the only viable vehicle to assert opposition to the new border, a situation which inevitably reinforced a uniform antagonistic relationship between the opposition and the president and his allies because you hear all the time that from the beginning of the people were

against him, wanted to bring him down and so on. that is not true. this only happened last november when he took upon himself constitutional powers that not even a pharaoh would have at and immunize, guaranteed and immunization to anything he said, no judicial overview, etc.. of course this made people mad and this is when the trouble started. last december. and i would like to recall my early days at the kennedy school of government and read something from the federalist papers which we had to study so let me quote thomas jefferson. he said, quote, experience has shown that even under the best forms of government, those

interested with power have in time and by slow operation reverted into tyranny. the spirit of resistance to government is so valuable on certain occasions that i wish it to be always, every generation needs a new revolution. if morsi broke all his pledges, to start with he said they would not run for the presidency, the second was that they would only take 20% of the parliament. so if morsi broke all of his pledges and if he has broken faith even with the values of those who put him in power, then it seems that those who voted against governmental tyranny once before and now must be

encouraged in their efforts to do so once again. such a result, i believe, is fully in keeping with the ideas expressed by one of the most prominent founders of u.s. democracy. every democratic government gets a second chance to get it right. remember that the united states constitution was promulgated in 1789, the revolution was in 776 -- 1776. it is clear that what the military has just done has ended the career of an anti-democratic leader and materially supporting democratizing move including the stepping aside of the military and transfer to power to civilian leadership as you have seen in the past week. the united states should support

these moves in the most complete way possible by not interrupting aid. i was an advisor to the supreme council of the armed forces during the year when they took over after hosni mubarak's power. they never did anything we asked them to do. this is usually what the armies are. they listen, very polite, very disciplined but they don't do anything you ask them for and all the violations of human rights, they didn't even know what it was about. they made a series of blunders as you know general cc was one of the 19 generals we used to meet with, you was the youngest so he was at the end of the room but i remember him. i don't think he is more of a

democratic, but he is younger, he is at the, he is right, he has been trained in the united states and not the soviet union, he will be much more adept. united states today should do what it fails to do after the 2011 revolution, and that is not only support egypt because of peace with israel but this time it should prod the government and the army to push for democratic, pluralistic inclusive government that pursue sound economic policies, it should encourage the private sector and the business men come here as they do to mecca, who have their interests linked to american companies. the united states should

encourage the private sector and the business men who have their interests linked to american companies to step in in encouraging investment and substantial financial assistance in order to alleviate some of the serious -- the most serious is induced unemployment, then we have poverty, education, health and so on. i would like the united states to tildy's business men sometimes that philanthropy is what made america great and so maybe they could be inspired by that. the united states should engage with civil society, it should condemn sectarian violence against the christians of egypt, fifteen million population or any marginal as asian of women.

do not forget that the section is better than reality. the perception was undeniable support to the brotherhood and that did not go down well with the egyptian people. on the other hand the united states has continuously be little the seriousness of the secular opposition movement, therefore it should reach out to a broad array of egyptians and emphasize pluralism and respect of human rights. also the building of democratic institutions, the drafting of a constitution confirming 2 broad principles to which most egyptians can agree and plan to resolve economic crisis rather than calling as they do for

immediate elections. these are much more important issues. egypt today needs their best and brightest of round principles and plans to lead the country out of its political and economic crisis. democracy can only find roots when people have a job and a voice. there for solving the economic crisis and social inequality must be paramount. so give the military and its allies time and incentive to act responsibly, to put the country back on a sustainable democratic plan. cutting aid now would be highly counterproductive, turning the united states into the adversary of the very actors who today have the responsibility to return egypt to democratic process and that is the armed

forces. what lies ahead? we are now facing the beginning of a convulsive democratic transition. the three main act is to they are the armed forces, the muslim brothers and the citizens who took to the streets to oppose morsi and the muslim brotherhood. everyone of these actors have learned critical lessons during these 30 months or we hope they have and they are all very different from who they were 30 months ago. the military for example needed to include civilian and religious figures as use of the day that wendy chamberlin -- morsi was ousted. it was done at the highest institution, islamic institution in the world. the christian pope, would have

presented a model and the opposition and two young people and the fallacies of the time were opposed. stove this was very symbolic. this was not done in 2011 but it was done this time. i believe that the army will likely remain in control over the short term and after they will lurk in the winds until the constitution is amended. from the citizenry it has been reenergize with the knowledge that it's peaceful expression of discontent continues to have forced can't bring about historic change. most significant of the use of tomatoes, this fantastic movement better organized and mobilize, a real manifestation of people.

i am in awe i must say. if i can predict anything i imagine several of their members will be in leading positions in the not too distant future. as for the muslim brothers who are facing a war of confrontation and terror, the popular coo does not mean the brotherhood is out of the game. on the contrary, they are determined to engage in a struggle they see as a matter of life and death. and to use religion to incite the fervor and danger of their supporters, particularly after the killing of 51, 435 injured and this of course is shocking to virtually everyone and was condemned by virtually everyone. the muslim brotherhood called for intifada and has repeatedly vowed to escalate its protest

until morsi is reinstated. wishful thinking, i hope. the moslem brotherhood is trying to exploit whatever tensions do exist within the military, a publicly distinguishing the generals from the broader institution of the army. the fear that the brotherhood was trying serene make image--egypt in its own image was probably a more powerful energizer of the opposition than the troubled economy. people refused to have the imposition of clerics and their dictates and so on. the challenge today is to move back some of the more moderate moslem brother members. i have dealt with them in the

shura council and i can say there are people more moderate than others. they are not many but there are some, there are some who are good and i believe the real challenge to date is to lure them back into the new political process in order to end the profound polarization of the past year. another focus should be on the young members of the muslim brothers who have lost faith in their leaders and this is very interesting. they are expected to take over, i believe, also, in the near future. the challenge today is to prevent the muslim brothers from turning to the bullet instead of the ballot, with the pulling out of the ultra religious party, which had initially joined the

new governing coalition and now declared that it is pulling out of the new regime, it is as if the massacre has consolidated egypt once more. still, i think the fallacies make about as a winner. another target of the muslim brothers, the christian copts. nearly fifteen million of egypt's population are coptic christians. mostly they live relatively harmoniously in this muslim majority country but some islamist extremists want to see them driven out. as they did in iraq and sectarian violence has risen and egypt has witnessed some deadly attack on egypt's churches and christians. the last one even attacked the coptic cathedral triggering the

anger of millions of muslims and many egyptian copts doubted morsi's commitment to protect them properly. now that morsi has been ousted there's a countersuspicion by some muslim brother supporters that christians somehow had a hand in his removal and that is extremely dangerous because if egypt were to fall prey to jihad violence coptic christians would find themselves easy targets. before the june 30th of people the leaders of the muslim brothers went to the coptic hope, an eminently respectable and wiseman, to ask him to prevent copts from joining the demonstrations. something he firmly refused to do, saying the church does not interfere in politics and copts

are free in their decision. what is interesting is to see the evolution of these new young copts who joined the revolution, are in the forefront now as they were in 2011 whereas before, they were insulated behind the church and refused any participation. having said that i believe the biggest challenge lies with secular and civic political forces who need to help the government to establish a political process that is so popular, purchase was sorry and legitimate. to do so, as preliminary recommendations made did. to stop any further incitement or demonization of the muslim brother and strive towards reconciliation instead. after all, they have both worked together to bring down the old

regime, the old hosni mubarak dictatorship and they should find a way to coexist in a new and reconciled egypt. the military comment as we all know, has no particular interest in democracy. calls upon secular and civic political parties, not the military, to help define a democratic and pluralistic egypt. this requires unifying around one leadership and one program as to how to direct the transitional period and implement the agreed upon road map. at the end of the day it is they who must define the limits of the military's role in a new constitution. 3, the opposition and the civic forces need to guarantee the transitional period towards restoration of the civic order

is as short as possible. to conclude, the ongoing political upheaval has transcended morsi and the presidency. is now a struggle over the soul of egypt as i said a year ago but also for egypt's identity and the unity of the country. the only force that matters is the will of the citizens and egyptian will not give up on their objectives, citizenship and sovereignty. egypt's democratic revolution still holds the potential for shifting the arab world decisively in the direction of liberty, accountable government and promotion of universal human rights. if it does, it will be the first modern arab country resulting

from the will of its citizens. thank you for your attention. [applause] >> once again we have heard a very powerful presentation by dr. mona makram-ebeid. we're looking forward to question and answer period, she has raised many penetrating issues. let me start with a question for you. you have given some very good advice as to what the united states should do, you have given good vice to what the army and the opposition should do, but democracy is a ground game as well, people who have been able to mobilize on their computers sitting in coffee shops behind their computers, twenty-two million signatures on a

petition. but a lot of democracy is built by getting out in the villages, into the streets of the urban areas, knocking on doors, meeting with people, building a party from the ground up, and i am wondering if you see this kind of activity going as we approach another very important election in the next several months, the kind of organization that's unfortunately did not happen in this last round. what are your views on that? >> this is the main challenge because as you say, most of the people in tahrir square focused on the best thing to do was to be on the talk shows and not do anything else so everybody became of prima donna, everybody became an expert and there was nobody left to run for elections. so i think that today the young

people are not the same young people, some of them are from 2011 but most are even younger and i believe they see things, they are more open. to get 22 signatures is not through the network. they went around, they did some legwork. i hope this could be translated into a grass-roots organization. that is what i hope, that is what i hope they can have. i don't want them to join all parties. they can choose somebody among them and i am sure some young leaders will appear in the coming months. i have nothing against elderly people, but clearly we want to see some new fresh blood. i want the young to identify, be able to identify, they cannot

identify with the figures that we see every day, they happened to be the same ones. >> to the back. >> i am stanley colbert. your quotation from jefferson every generation needs a new revolution, looking at the jefferson encyclopedia it is apparently a misquotation from a letter of 1787 when he was ambassador to paris. god forbid we should never be 20 years without such a rebellion, referring to a rebellion in massachusetts, but he continues and this is the central sentence from the letter, the tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants. it is its natural lenore, we had shooting in egypt a few days

ago, we are seeing civil war in syria. is that egypt's future? if you're going to quote from that letter from jefferson. >> i didn't close everything. i quoted what i wanted and what i wanted was not that. i didn't talk about blood at all but i talked-about the importance of resisting tyranny. this was the main thing i took from thomas jefferson. no, i don't think we will send hopefully into what syria is like. there is no state, there's nothing, don't forget egypt has the most influential army in the region. it is culturally the most influential country, geostrategic lee it is the most important for different

countries's interests, and secondly i don't think -- the terrorists or whoever you want to call the mark on minority in egypt. don't forget we have ninety million in case you get, every ten months we have a new million. this is it. this is the truth. you cannot compare, and hopefully we will not get to is that. we will have violence definitely, there are people out in the streets, but the egyptian serve seen worse crises. in 1997 there was a hole massacre and they were able to overcome it, they were able to get back the tourists, they were able to instill confidence in tourism to come and so on.

the year before the revolution, the tourist industry brought in $11 billion to the egyptian treasury. i think it will be a turbulent time. will be full of obstruction. at the end of the day i think the egyptians will overcome. >> thank you so much for such an interesting talk and for mentioning and phrasing tamarood which is practically not mentioned at all in the american media. i actually heard a major policy expert who will go and named on the morning of june 30th did not know what the word was. kimono was on the same channel

and sedna and rebel, something named rebel is never going to go anywhere. the morning of june 30th. there is a profound misunderstanding of what is going on in the policy community here missing the importance of the ongoing revolution, relating then almost entirely, this is what we read today, through the military, that it is secretary hegel relating to each of all-american officials. your message is very needed. having said that i confess i am confused what is going on right now. >> you are not the only one. >> my question is i hear from people in egypt, is just find that the military is in charge, don't worry about it, just a propaganda from cnn that you are worried about. what role is tamarood having allied it looks like the military is running everything.

how is that being divided? >> no. the military are not running everything openly, but obviously they are there and for the time being, they will continue to be in charge, but they will not govern, that i am sure of having been with them for a whole year i know how reluctant they are to take over, second to go through in experience which was a very miserable experience, people hated them and so on, they don't want to go through that. this time they really felt compelled, of course they have interests they want to keep,

tamarood people are there. i was on a tv panel and speaking, they are there, we don't see them very much on the 30th of june but those who are continuing in the square. as i said i do hope they will do some grass-roots organizations, that they will form a political party, that they will just not be people in the streets. >> let me draw your attention to the web site which has a video of one of the leaders explaining how they organized the movement and that very good article on the movement as well. next question, right there, thank you.

>> how great would use a the divide is between people in the cities and people in more rural areas in terms of level of engagement and what their priorities are, what they want from their government and in light of that how can both rural and urban citizens be brought together? >> the last word was what? >> how can rural and urban citizens be brought together into the discussion? >> they were brought together in tahrir square for the first time much more than in 2011 and the rulers of course were the ones who were the most supportive of the muslim brothers because it had an emotional message, it was a religion, you will go to heaven and so on. plus the fact that they gave them sugar and rice and whenever.

so they could guarantee their support. strangely enough, these people, one thing that happens in egypt which is quite interesting is the politicization of the egyptian people at all levels, no one was interested in politics before. not like lebanon where you bleed politics. no one spoke about politics, you never went into a home and they spoke of ethics, now in the streets people stop you to ask you what is your opinion? everyone is interested including the people in the world areas. although they are illiterate, they are for, but they watch the television, and most of them have children who have gone to school and are wizards at the

new technology, i don't think you have a web here. i don't know what the word is. comes and tells me when is morsi leaving? he said no. i heard he remarried. what is it to you and how do you know these things? i saw it on the net. he is the illiterate, never seen -- i saw this, he asked me. fascinated with the amount of qualifications we had.

this is the hope for the future. second, if you see the people of canada, it those who are not moved, they came out. they even did canada in front of their house to show they are the people and they are there. they don't care about democracy and they have a better life. they want to know that children will get the job, that there is hope that the end of the tunnel, all the things they told them in 2011 would be realized. nothing was realized. they have less money to buy things because spiraling up the rise of prices and so on. these people are 183 and

frustrated. >> i have two quick questions. the first, if you had any comments about the constitutional amendment process, whether or not you believe, you yourself, there are certain articles that should be focused on heavily in this process and also about the road map and the timetable for parliamentary elections, whether or not you see these as feasible, should be late january, early february by the time table to have set up in this constitutional declaration and whether or not there are certain parties that are forced to make certain gains or whether or not you believe there should be a collective revolutionary tickets for all these parties to move forward in parliamentary elections. >> what is a revolutionary

ticket? >> all the people that work together. >> part of it was the national organization front which presents not all the opposition but the big chunk of the opposition. the constitution, i have read the 33 articles, i have reservations on many articles that are there, particularly the one about sharia because it is not as we had asked for it. we have asked that sharia be based on the principles of sharia, not the judgments of sharia, not afghan. this is what they have now and it is going to provoke a big debate. there are many articles that the intellectual community is not happy with. civil liberties are not really guaranteed as we would have fought. anyway, it needs amendments but

that doesn't mean it is bad, particularly that today one of the big constitutionalists said we can work with and amend it and will be one of the ten people that will be chosen to see it. the roadmap, the elections, the people at asked that there be a conventional election before parliamentary election, this would be subject to debate. the positive thing is the president by interim came out with something that you present to the people, then debate it and this is what i think is done now. as for the revolutionary ticket, that is what they should do, they should all get together but i doubt the prima donna string

is very high. >> thank you for a great presentation. i work -- i have two really quick questions. first are you afraid that this revolution will set a precedent that when an elected president in egypt, people get unsatisfied with him which happens in most democracies, people going to the streets hoping the army will come and support them and this could result in really short-term governments? this second thing is you mentioned some skepticism about the army. what do you think of its performance over the last few days? it seems it has done many things morsi's government did before they arrested the leadership of the brotherhood but they also attacked many people working in

the media. is the army based on that? >> no. people stick to the streets every time they don't like something, i don't think so. i don't think they will do this again. as i said most of the people took lessons from the past 30 months. don't think this would happen again but of course the people who refused any dictatorship, they will have a past president comment ousted president, and no president. in the country where you only have one president and he would state the eternally, either die or be assassinated. everything is new for us. for the first time we see that.

what did you say? >> the army's. >> i don't agree, and the things the army has done in the past days, remember there are conflicting reports on what has happened and the people who died. i do not think the army would have gone in just like that. if they were not tipped that there was something happening and they were going to attack wherever they were, revolutionary guard nursing. this is the job of political parties, to tell them not to use excessive force, not to bring people to jail them if there is

no evidence against -- in custody. and the supreme -- the ones who go into many names they come back. so no, i am against it. i am against this kind of -- no. but it is the revolution. you must expect things will be restored to order once the civilian leadership will put down its foot and the military will take a step back. i know all these people who are in government and belong to the same party, a whole exodus or the idea. so for the time being, a very good picture they are giving to

the egyptian. >> thank you for your presentation. you have spoken a lot about politics. is there a road map for the economy when you have two thirds of the population and to the age of 30, 90% of the unemployed, a lot of resources, corruption, and other things that go with it, but everything out of the economy. is there a road map for the economy to do the other things? thank you. >> the time i spend talking about the bombs, the support. not very familiar with. they said it is done in the united states, you buy shares and the blondes and whatever. there was never serious thought given to it. whereas it is the main problem,

the main challenge, almost on the brinks and the deserts have gone down by half, the foreign currency also, the pound to the dollar, or what you are saying is true, the inflation, spiraling economy and people have a hard time to get bread on the table. so i think the first thing, but you know, the two people who are in charge now, top-notch economy is whether it is the prime minister or the doctor who is vice prime minister of economic affairs, they have a good grasp of what is happening and that is why today people must -- get their house in order. is not time anymore to discuss these, it is time to be behind

the government in order to get the consensus which will help them to get a things done. you have austerity measures of course, but you have to explain to people. the problem is that you never treat people as if they are people. you treat them as children so sometimes they behave as children. you have to tell them the truth. they never tell the truth. we need transparency, accountability, and to see best and able to hold them accountable, those that tell you things and don't deliver or don't perform. so i think this will be in the cards in the future. it has to be in any case. >> thank you. even though i think i know a lot about egypt i always learn so

much when i listen to you, thank you for that. as someone who was just sentenced to five years in prison in egypt, my name is lima and i work with the national democratic institute. you mentioned tomorrow could develop into a party, grassroots organization. what do you think are the chances for someone like me or institute to be able to return to egypt to do the work we do to help parties in civil society. >> look. i know you, i worked with them, i have defended them, i have been attacked for defending them. i believe the hold judgment was politicized, not really based on evidence, it was politicized, but holding was politicized. accusation and flying out.

so i believe that the people in charge know what ngos are, whether it is this area or that. what we need today is a real -- en geos must abide by the law established in egypt. that is it. nobody should violate the law, the rule of law should apply to everyone and i believe it is very possible that this law will be passed, amended among those that it would be amended and you will be able to return. you drink the waters of the night. how could you not return?

yes? [inaudible question] >> the american chamber of commerce in egypt. i wanted to pull up the economy question and ask about economic assistance and your views about that. you talked about the need for some austerity and reform. there's a lot of resistance to the imf on the ground in egypt because of the perceived austerity that would have to happen. what are your views on that and your views on money from qatar? a lot of people see as a band-aid rather than anything significant. carrying certain political influence. and now that the tables have turned over the last few days you have seen a lot of blood $12 billion of money coming from the united arab emirates, so your view on all that and how the international community should act responsibly in terms

of supporting egypt. >> just should imitate those countries, realize that today is a very serious transitional period. and in particular for the economy because the unrest can come from the youthful unemployment and this we must put a stop to. but at least create jobs. that is what you don't have. you don't have creation of jobs, you don't have productive industries that would be labor intensive instead of machinery. i think that the economy is the number-1 priority. but i have reservations about the imf because austerity measures, the thing to do, and the book says that.

but in a polarized country as it is with social unrest as there is in egypt i don't think that this is the best recipe. it would be the recipe for chaos, the recipe for really another resistance movement because more people would be affected by that than democracy or lack of democracy so i think the imf should think twice and i say so in one of my articles and i said it lately in kuwait, in the conference. to go by the book, you have to adapt each country and to see what are the social, of the social, defects of austerity measures. in 1977 they did the same thing, people were in the streets.

imagine that. so i don't think that this is the right thing to do. they should revise it. but the reluctance of the imf was not so much the austerity measures. was a government they didn't trust and they knew didn't have the support of the people. now it is going to be different with a new minister of finance, a new feeling in the country of course they will be worried about the security, the violence, but they will know that people are supporting this government. that is why i am hoping people will support the government to enable it to go forward. >> thank you, we had an extra 15 minutes of question and answer. we are exhausting our honored those, there are many questions many of you want to ask. i apologize if you didn't get a chance to ask.

we are going to have one last question and it is going to be right here. >> i want to thank you for your excellent presentation this afternoon. tom friedman's article couple days ago in his own way, deceptive object to the, he painted a very pessimistic picture of egypt. this -- always poison under his feet. at any rate, my question to you is are you optimistic about egypt's future? we are all optimistic, but the question for someone who is very perceptive in egypt, how long

when the clouds are over from the skies of egypt. >> when the clouds are what? >> when the sky is clearer, you mean. that is tom friedman. >> should ask tom friedman. my feeling today is i am relieved but i am very worried. this encapsulates exactly what i feel. nobody can predict, you can hope, you can be wishful, but you can't predict. so it remains for me to thank everybody for being such good listeners and shooting so many questions because that is what i

like best is the questions. [applause] ..