tv Book TV CSPAN July 14, 2013 8:00am-8:46am EDT
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hy was already, as a writer came to respect him as a man and as a craftsman how he went about making extremely infectiously readable pieces of work, it is a great honor to be here. i will begin by asking for those who haven't read your book can you give us an overview, and why this story drew you in. >> this is the story of a group of fraternity brothers from the university of montana, regular kids, most of them were very
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poor, was so poor he told a cow to buy his first car, they were montana kids, they sold poker in the basement of a bar and one got the idea is that putting poker on line and make a lot of money and online poker hadn't started yet. only one other company back in 1999 so they built one of the first and biggest online poker sides. the move most of the fraternity to co-star rico which was wallace while west craziness and kind of built this over a few years to a million dollar did business. and many billions of dollars. and and online poker, and online
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poker would be considered illegal. they stayed in the business until 2011. and the department of justice rated all of these poker sites and these guys are facing a 80 year indictments, one is living on the island of anti-as a fugitive. they know where he is so he is not technically a fugitive, he is hiding or staying there and not returning to the u.s.. his younger brother turned himself in and doing 14 months in federal prison, a pretty wild story, it includes a cheating scandal in the middle where one of the insiders turns out was cheating, so anybody who played on line poker, there was cheating going on. , this is a pretty wild story.
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>> the back story, and made a lot of money, when you consider mark zuckerberg's facebook going on. is that what drew you to it, that it is a good story. >> in the last couple days, they usually pretty crazy. pretty much every college kid who does something bad will e-mail me. i get every kind of scandal or scheme you can imagine, most are from prison, some just out of prison but every now and then something wild. this turned me on because it was about an industry i didn't know anything about that vanished in one day. i knew a lot of people who played on line poker. i knew costa rica was wild and
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wallace and had everything i like to write about. it just intrigued me, these guys built something. they were on the verge of being like mark zuckerberg and end up going to prison or being fugitives so all of that blended together but i do think of it as a blend of 21 and social network. >> when you commit to writing a book based on a certain story that turns you on how extensive is your research process? how much begin do you do before you begin the narrative? >> i spend six months researching. research is becoming part of the story as much as i can. hanging out with fugitives or with 21 i was strapping money to my body and going to and from vegas with the team. with zucker guy couldn't hang out with senator byrd but i held out with eduardo and -- 6 ft. 5 identical twin olympic rollers, their perfect. hollywood would have invented them if they did not already
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exist but i try to get into the story, then i sit down and get all the law cases, though they have tens pages of legal case where, i try to get it all right and i sit down and write. >> host: when we talk about this treaty is that you mentioned your style of writing back then was what yourself in a room, preferably a vegas hotel room and your practice was 16 pages a day and if you get 16 pages and you are allowed to have a life. >> i don't recommend it to any writers out there. a miserable way to live. i right in this desperate horrible situation, i don't find writing enjoyable. i love the research and everything else about it but sitting down and writing is torture. anybody out here who is a writer knows that. i like to lock myself in a room for long hours, i used to do 16 pages a day, now is 12. i am getting older and slowing down. >> host: you have kids now.
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>> guest: as exhausting as anything can be. it is one of those things where i have to be in this room until it is done. anywhere from two to six months basically around the clock writing as much as i can. it is intense. i am sure a lot of you are writers. it is one of those things that is hard to describe why you are doing it, when you are doing it but when you are finished it is the greatest feeling in the world. the process is similar, 12 pages a day. >> host: do you write by hand at all in your process either in the researching process for your draft? >> nothing is ever by hand. most recently i started dictating to software. i know i am doing an ad but i dictated a good three quarters of this book, you have to teach yourself to speak like you are riding which is the trickiest part and go through and and it is but that is even more freeing so nothing is by hand, i am
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going the opposite direction. >> host: do you work off of that outline? >> guest: outlines are incredibly necessary. they are people. i don't know anybody who takes -- to like writing and outline the your book gets away from you. i outlined to the point the i know the page number of every chapter before i write. it is a very severe outline. >> host: do all your books get into a certain story structure? gee use the three act structure? >> guest: i get attacked for it but i write nonfiction like a thriller. when i sit down to write is i know the plot points, i know what happened in the story and outline it as if it is a movie and i write it that way so you know when these big dramatic moments occur. reality with a thriller, it's the structure. we fall in love and then we die. that is the three act structure. i feel reality fit very well into a three act story especially a story like this with these guys came from nothing and rose to a million-dollar business and had
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all taken away and they end up spiraling down with drugs and girls until they end up fugitives. it is a perfect thriller in that respect but i do right in that way. >> host: i want to talk about research. sounds like a fun part of your work spending time with girls and drugs and fugitives. >> guest: my wife is here. these guys are like any college kids who were placed in a place where there was no boundaries. right up the street from one of the largest for houses in the world, in san jose costa rica were 200 women are working and there is no wall where they were. at one point they flip of bmw, the main character runs into the bushes with a bottle of tequila, broken ankle and a hooker and wait for the police. this is the world's they were living in. when i get inside a store like this i am like a fly on the wall, a very neurotic phobic individuals so i don't dive in
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the way hunter thompson might have. i go there and i watch from the background and try to stay as involved without being involved as possible. >> host: how do you insinuate yourself with your subject? does it take a period of time to get past a level of performing for the guy who will write about them? >> guest: when you go into a store like this you don't know if they're telling the truth, you don't know if they're trying to appear better than they are and you want to get inside and become their friend and get close to them because you want the whole story. for me i don't go in like a journalist with the notebook and tape recorder. a lot of people would not allow me to walk around with a tape recorder. i go in as part of the story. i am going to be their 2:00 in the morning and the gut hanging out with these guys. i do with default for the people i write about a lot. i find very fascinating and incredible because i am scared of everything and these guys took these enormous risks. when i finished the research i sit back, go through and see what i feel is true or not true.
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my methods, almost like method acting. i want to live that story. i am not going people i write about so it is harder and harder to live the story. it is still pretty fascinating to get inside like that. >> host: give me an example of a character you fell for in this book? >> guest: the main character is a complex individual. a lot of people hate scott thomas. i find him fascinating. i feel like he came from nothing from horrible background, ended up in costa rica losing all their money at one point, then gets embroiled in a cheating scandal but he keeps going than the law is passed and it becomes illegal what he is doing sleeping with a gun under his pillow, is that kind of a world that he believes what he is doing is not wrong. he keeps going and to literally the government runs in with guns and shut it down. i am fascinated by someone like that. i find it appealing. i don't call any of these guys saints.
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one was doing so much drug his eyebrows fell out and locked himself in the room to the point key didn't realize the rest of the move out of the house so he was living alone in a house they don't two weeks. >> host: i know guys like that all the time. >> guest: it is a compelling story even though they are not saints. mark zuckerberg is not perfect example. he built facebook, is a difficult individual at best. people who are around him and know him find and difficult to be around. whether he scrooge eduardo or the winklevi, no one knows, got as close as anybody could get but worship mark zuckerberg in a way. he is fascinating. the movie turns him into a very over the top individual that you can't hate. lot of people want to be that. i am fascinated by these oversized individuals who live these incredible wives. my wife called it stockholm syndrome, and maybe i fall for them in a way.
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this is the book through the eyes of the main characters, and billionaires' to some extent, mark zuckerberg is a different story. it is what it is but i feel telling this story through the eyes of the characters is more compelling. >> host: all the interest in what is happening to real-life characters after your books are published and films are made the social network was a great adaptation, thrilling to see you on the oscars that night but when you consider what has happened since then with a small going public, mark zuckerberg's ups and downs and eduardo's tax policies it makes mark zuckerberg the second most fatal character in the book to some people. to your subject ever take issue with you post publication with what you have done and have you ever heard what mark zuckerberg thought of your book? >> guest: when you write a book
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like this i explain carefully, you don't know what happens when the book comes out, people will love your hate you. this becomes bigger than you wanted to be or could just disappear. you don't know how people will react. after the book comes out and the excitement there always comes that period where the main characters like i wish this had never happened, i hate you and that kind of thing. not always but often. never worked out necessarily exactly how they wanted to. some people, eduardo got $2 billion. i don't feel mark zuckerberg would have paid him off had we not done the projects of the ended up with $2 billion going to singapore and not paying taxes but living life that most of us would live if we had $2 billion. i really feel it is hard to prepare a character for what it is like having your life open to the world like that. i try to make it as easy process as possible and let them know
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what happens with the book. most of them have read what is in the book so they know what is coming but in the end you never know how they will react. i am friends with the guys from 21, close to most of them as i say, accidental billionaire i don't talk to eduardo, he had to cut all legal contact with me to get his $2 billion. i was told in the thing he signed which gave him that money you can never speak to ban me i mezrich again. i don't know him anymore but i talked to sean park for the winklevi, everything worked out with them. so i ran into cheryl sandberg who lot of you know from her book, she and i went to college together, the same year in college so after the book and movie i was at a reunion and cheryl comes up to me and i was expecting to get punched the cheryl is a wonderful person, a genius. we sat down and they hated me for a year, went to see the
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movie, they ended up liking the and invited me to come to facebook. in the end i don't think mark things one way or the other about me. i am not in his thoughts that often anymore. you guys were $15 billion, better things to think about but in the end that worked out great for facebook and mark looked very cool, the company did great because of it, on the cover of time magazine. it was a positive portrayal and i have heard a lot of younger people went into the internet because of what they saw in that movie and very positive. >> host: young people went -- wikipedia into that company, young people were into the internet long before then but decided to become mark zuckerberg. >> host: the theme of your work is young people who are skirting the ethical lines. >> guest: in the gray area between right and wrong, people who are taking risks, college kids who are really going and doing something different, building a company.
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obsessed with the great american myth or the idea of the great american success story. college kids are right out there who are willing to take chances and do something great. don't be alarmed, c-span viewers. just woke up 800 people. a loud noise just came from c-span. >> host: doing it live on tape. how has what you witnessed and documented as an artist affected your sense of ethics? have you seen lines you would not cross? have you come to believe a lot of lines are very mobile? >> guest: good question. at tukwila as a nonfiction writer your goal is not to screw anybody, not to write a story that affects people negatively without informing them to some degree the direction you are going. i try to write as true a story as i can but i know about my process. i right thrillers that happen to be true.
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all the facts are correct. some of the dialogue is recreated. there are journalists to do not like the way i write. the ethical things, someone's real life you have to be honest and truthful and not screw them over. also i am learning a lot about money. a lot of these people willing to do a lot of crazy things for money and i always ask what are you willing to do for money and this story one question i asked for a lot is how long would you be willing to go to jail for $30 million? someone said you have $30 million that have to go to federal prison for a year. that is what these guys might be facing, and turning themselves in been doing a year in prison. >> host: who would be willing to do a year, not state pan, nice cushy federal pen, one year,
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$30 million can we see hands? seniors raising their hands, a year in prison. >> guest: the other ethical question i ask people from the social network two college kids in a dorm room, one comes up with a brilliant idea, says his the you put up $1,000 and you can have 30% of the company, then the guy who came up with the idea spend the next three years building the company, lunches and suddenly worth $30 billion, the first guy says i want my 30%. does he deserve his 30% or does he not? that is a question i always ask. when you ask entrepreneurs that question he was there in the beginning and should get something that didn't build the company. when you ask venture fund people, of course, he put up $1,000. it is one of those things that happened in the social network, eduardo was there in the beginning, marks that you get 30% of the company, five years later he wanted his 30%. you get a lot of ethical
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questions like that that i am fascinated by in these stories. >> host: you mention some of the critiques you have taken from nonfiction writers. how do you separate truth and facts when you are writing a nonfiction work. >> guest: truth and fact? >> host: you talk about recreating dialogue. >> guest: i do all the research and get as much information as i can so i know what happened in all the different points of the book and sit down and write it as a 5 was a movie you can take a scene like that and say they talked about facebook or you can write a dialogue between two characters talking about facebook and i choose to do that. it is one of those things where some like it and some don't. i feel like the truth is more than the fact. there are always different points of view. eduardo will feel differently than mark zuckerberg. these guys to build this company will feel different than the u.s. government who brought it down. depending on whose point of view
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you are running from you have a different truth. you interview the fbi agent to follow these guys and making notes with hookers and coke and watching these people lose money when it went down mayfield these guys deserve to go to jail. you talk to these guys they were building an internet company like everybody else and all of a sudden it became illegal, they didn't know what to do at that point, they and shareholders and a huge company so they didn't shut down. that was probably a mistake because they paid for it in the end but i feel like there is multiple points of view to a true story. >> host: that was in 2006. why did the bush a ministry and begin to make online poker illegal? >> guest: two moralizing senators, bill frist from tennessee, you know more about politics and i do, john kyl. >> host: he is still in the senate. i'm a political comedian. i should know. >> guest: faber running on a platform anti gambling but couldn't go against gambling because we all liked to gamble.
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we are all lining up power ball tickets, that is okay but poker is not ok? there is no reason poker is wrong and the lottery is right so what they did is they attached to a pork terrorism bill, there was support terrorism bill going through. no one is going to vote against that because it is anti-terrorism, attach a rider to let them made the movement of money involved in online gambling it is already illegal illegal. basically the movement of money into an illegal gaming site became money-laundering. >> host: how many people lost money on that? >> guest: $115 of play money got lost, $15 billion industry disappeared in one day. it was a $15 billion industry vanished. television loss $3 million in advertising, the world series of poker went from 8,000 members to 800 members and bills itself back up. it was a massive loss of an industry for reasons still unexplained. they didn't go after for
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instance rotisserie football league because the nfl wouldn't let them because the nfl loves that stuff and go after casinos, didn't go after horseracing in new york, didn't go after all these things you can legally gamble on. went after being go, but! is great but can't play poker. the funny thing about poker is poker is a game of skill, department of justice's though lawyers last year after ruling they decided poker is not covered by the wire act and not considered illegal gaming but different states have different laws, state of new york considers poker gambling. that is why it was the state of new york in the department of justice. >> host: giving your credit card number to a website to gamble could be risky. >> guest: when all these companies went down all the players who lost money most of the new they were involved in an industry that was a little bit shady. i feel bad for everyone who lost money but you were giving your
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credit card to an offshore bank that was and in between guide to an offer gambling company. there was stuff that was going to go on. too that it was unregulated legal industry because in the u.k. canada and most countries in the world except for us and iran and north korea on line poker is legal and in those places is protected and in short and they pay taxes and there is no problem with it. when it eventually becomes legal here as a will, it is legal in nevada and new jersey, legal everywhere that it will be regulated, tax and minorities a. >> host: we will move to the point of the program where you get to ask your questions. we will go by raising hands and someone will bring you a microphone. it may take 10 seconds here or there but let's begin if anyone has any questions for ben mezrich feel free to raise your hand. while i am waiting for the first person to not be shy. >> guest: the best question gets to keep the microphone.
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>> host: the best question gets ben mezrich's home phone-number. >> how are you? >> guest: excellent, thanks. >> the next movie based on one of your books. >> guest: hold that your mouth. >> what will the next movie based on one of your book is the rock, what is going on with that and in addition connaught how much faith do you have with regard to how the movie plays out? in 21 they're bringing down the house and change kevin lewis. >> guest: the whole race will change with that movie. how much say as an author do you have in that and as an author do you find it insulting that they would change your work of art for movie? >> guest: great question. what was the first part of the question? effects on the moon was my last book about the kid who robbed
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nasa and stole moonrock to impress his girlfriend, spread the moon rocks on the bed and had sex with a girl on the moon and tried to sell the rock over the internet. bizarre caper. that movie was called a stony, by the same people who did the social network, will black who did friends with benefits attached to write and direct still working on a screenplay. i haven't heard any updates. i am not sure when or if it will get made. when you sell a project to hollywood you give up pretty much all control. they consult with you on the screen play, you show up on set but you are as important as a caterer. nobody wants you there. you have fun with the actors and they make a movie they want to make. the goal is to set it up with people that you trust will make a good movie. and you have david finch wanting to make a movie, do whatever you want. that is fantastic. you don't have any control. they show you the casting, justin timberlake will be in it, really? turned out he is awesome. one of those things you don't
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know what is going to happen, don't have control, you meet with the director or the screenwriter and the most central you have is during the screenplay phase of the screenwriter wants to use you as a consultant. overall you are kind of man on set expert. they do change a lot. in 21 the main character, i changed his name because he asked me to. didn't want to be known as the black jack died. when the movie was made did want to be known as the blackjack guy but his name was changed, they change into a white guy but that was a decision made when they cast it, when they were auditioning people and jeff ended up being a consultant on set. all the m i t kids were on set which was pretty crazy because we're we're getting kicked out of casinos the movie was being shot at. you don't have control. you want to look at two different project. i have been very lucky the two made were phenomenal. i liked both movies. one day i am sure i will have a bad movie made of one of my
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books and i will be upset. overall i feel if you take that check and let them do it becomes their project. >> host: do some authors have more creative control or final say? >> guest: i am sure stephen king has say to some degree device sold it as an in the film with a tiny budget i could be involved. i could make it myself if someone put up the money and i would have control. for me it has always been go to a big studio, sell it to people i respect, always wanted to see make a movie of one of my projects and try to get someone in it and it is often. i am very commercial in that respect. i feel the movie just get so many people to see it so your story gets too wide audience. whatever is going to happen to get the movie may i am happy with. with 21 we could have gone rounders route, rounders of a phenomenal movie about poker the very few people saw at the time because it was so in tents or could have gone 21 route which was a much bigger movie everybody saw. i was cool with any direction.
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i thought was great. i am sure there are authors who have a lot more control once they reach a certain stage for how they sell the project but for me so far i am a witness to whatever goes on. >> host: next question. >> in 21, what happened to the professor? what is he doing today? >> guest: in the book he is a little different than in the movie. not as much of a bad guy. the actually still runs an mit blackjack table, recruit college kids. the part in the end of 21 was not in the book, running around and the ends up getting taken away by laurence fishburne's people, that didn't happen. he disappeared for a while and recruits another mit team. and the real guys -- and
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overall, up playing blackjack. >> yes, sir? >> i am curious where in your mind beat law should be on online gambling. >> there's no reason online poker should be illegal. it should be regulated, there should be an age, don't want to see high school kids playing poker, 21 or whatever they feel vote right age is, regulated tax, there should be a national legal online poker, no reason you shouldn't go to a casino and play poker and not play poker from your casino, there should be limits, there should be limits, there's no reason it should be a regular industry, it creates an enormous amount of tax money and it is a game of skill people play, there are a lot of people, fifteen million americans play an online poker, a lot of people, 10% want to play at some point, if there is
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a demand for it, if the lottery is legal online poker should be legal. if you want to go through all of gambling-understand from a moral point of view. personally i have no problem with gambling as long as it is controlled and regulated. that is my feeling on poker. i don't know how i feel about the lottery. i feel like the lottery is more dangerous and upsetting to me than poker is because there is no skill involved, just plain numbers and i enjoy it too. but i understand why maybe it shouldn't be allowed. poker i don't understand why it shouldn't be allowed. is a game of skill. >> host: do you or your subject of a problem with easy access for gambling addicts? >> absolutely. these guys want it to be regulated and and a lot of countries they were regulated. of receiving your of the taxes and regulate on who was allowed to play, certain countries would say to the widow of one did in our country and they would ban that country. the u.s. lifted gray.
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and until 2006 there was no clue as to what the federal policy was going to be on this. i think most of them would agree there should be regulation just like etna casino if you feel someone has a problem they are not supposed to, i have never been in a casino where they wouldn't deal with somebody. i have seen people don't to who were lying on the floor. bear is the post to take into account whether you look like you have a problem. it is a hard thing to analyze. with online poker you could limit the amount of money one could play and a certain amount of time. and there should be a limit or a monthly minute. i will not draft these rules and regulations. nevada has it legal. they triangulate your cellphones. your cellphone is next your laptop a new play online poker from your laptop and ping your cellphone to make sure you are there. >> host: let freedom ring.
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next question. let me ask a question while i am waiting for someone to get brave. would you mind asking into the microphone? >> have you sold "straight flush" to the movie? >> we have not. a lot of people have called about it. it is out with kevin spacey, very interested in doing it as well. we will see where it ends up. lot of people have been looking at it and i am pretty sure it will get made but it just came out yesterday so it will be making the rounds this week. i think it would make an awesome movie. we will see what people think. >> host: you told me you write books for people who don't like to read. can you unpack that statement? everyone i know who had doesn't read as ben mezrich book in their collection.
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>> guest: i feel i am competing with all forms of entertainment, not just other books. a lot of my readers are guys or have been with bringing down the house, a lot are people who don't read a lot of books, they pick of this book, and realize they like to read books. maybe i am very potter of nonfiction. i like writing books that i would like to read. i am someone who is obsessed with television and movies and anything that can distract me will distract me like a cat with the bob -- i like to write a book that would keep my attention. my readers are people who come up to me and say this is the only book i have read in the past ten years and it is my favorite book. i do get that a lot so i have always found that that is fascinating to me but i like the fact a lot of my readers come to me untrammeled by reading but i find that it is a great audience and with the social network and
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that book expanded my audience a lot but that is where i started. >> host: you have written fiction in the past. any desire to go back? >> guest: i sold a movie with 20th-century fox with brad radner as director and will be a thriller in the da vinci code indiana jones vein. i used to write fiction. i wrote six novels none of you ever read and i rose at a tv movie based on one of my books called fatal error, starring the underwear model for melrose place, he played a surgeon, very believable casting, a surgeon does so many steps between patients and i used to write for the x files laid-back and so i used to write fiction. i also have a children's book coming out next year from simon and schuster which just handed in which is about a group of 6 graders who figure out how to the carnival games using math and science of bringing down the
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house to another level. it is a children's book for next year. >> host: any further questions from the most attractive crowd in literary park dwellers? >> host: i want to ask you about your show. >> host: it is about you. >> guest: when is your showed -- >> host: i do with shaun al gore every night at 8:00 hosted by keith coleman. we come on my show? >> guest: i will come on your show. >> host: i would love to have you on the show. >> guest: i know little to nothing about politics. >> host: i got to meet ben mezrich in an unusual way, a writer hosting a very strange tv show and we mentioned at the top spending months and months and months in the tiniest airless box in malibu. >> host: you think of it as a beautiful setting and we didn't have a single window and we were eating tuna sandwiches so the box smells like tuna and they
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had to overdub ourselves watching black jack. it is a 6. you are a very good actor. >> guest: it was fascinating. >> host: any more questions? >> guest: thank you very much, i am happy to sign anything you want me to sign. have a good day. >> for more information visit the author's website, ben mezrich.com. >> going to change how we live, work and think and our journey begins with a story and the story begins with the flu. every year the winter flu kills tens of thousands of people around the world but in 2009 a new virus was discovered and experts feared it might kill tens of millions.
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there was no vaccine available. the best health authorities could do was slow its spread but to do that they needed to know where it was. in the u.s. the centers for disease control have doctors report new flu cases but collecting the data and analyzing it takes time so the cdc's picture of the crisis was always a week or two behind which was an attorney when of pandemic was under way. around the same time engineers at google developed an alternative way to detect the spread of the flu and not just nationally but down to regions in the united states. they used google searches. google and three billion searches today and saves them all. google to fifty million of the most common search terms americans used and compared when and where these terms were searched for with. data going back five years.
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the idea was to predict the spread of the flew through web searches alone. they struck gold. what you are looking at now is the graph and the graph is showing that after crunching through almost half a billion mathematical models google identified 45 search terms that predicted the spread of the flu with a high degree of accuracy. you can see the official data of the cdc with google's predicted data from search query's but where the cdc has this week to week reporting lag, gould can report vote flew almost in real time. strikingly google's method does not involve distributing mouth slobs or contacting physician's offices. is built on big data, the ability to harness data to
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produce novel insights and valuable goods and services. mets look at another example. a company called fair cast, in 2003 a computer science professor was taking an airplane and he knew to do what we all think we know to do which is he bought his ticket well in advance of the day of departure, at 30,000 feet the devil got the better of him and he couldn't help but as the passenger next to him how much he paid and the person paid considerably less. csi another passenger how much the person paid, he also paid less even though they had both bought the ticket much later than he had. he was upset. who wouldn't be? but he was a computer science professor so he thinks about his research. he didn't actually need to know, what are the reasons on how to
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save money on airfare, whether you should buy in advance, whether there is a saturday night stay that might affect the price. instead he realized the answer was hidden in plain sight and open for the taking which was to say all you needed to know was the price that every other passenger page on every single other airline for every single fee for every route for alleviation for an entire year or longer. this is the big data problem but possible. he scraped a little data and can predict with a high degree of accuracy whether a price presented online at a travel site is a good price and you should buy the ticket right away or whether you should wait and buy it later when the price is likely to go down. he called his research project have much, to buy or not to buy,
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that is the question. but a little data got him a good prediction. a few years later he was cringing seventy-five billion records with which to make his prediction, almost every single flight in american civil aviation for an entire year and now his predictions were very good indeed. microsoft knocked on his door and he sold his company for $100 million. the point here is the data was generated for one purpose and reused for another. information has become a raw material of business. has become a new economic influence. >> you can watch this and other programs on line as both a tv.org. >> what are you reading this summer? here's what some of you had to say. ♪
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