the government in its efforts to suppress the claims and aspirations of your own people? or are you going remain silent and neutral in a matter of life and death to my people to our people? for my own part, i have made my choice. i will not leave south africa nor will i surrender. only through hardship, sacrifice, and militant action can freedom be won. the struggle is my life. i will continue fighting for freedom until the end of my days. [applause] >> the accused. april 20th, 1964. i'm the first accused.

i'm a convicted prisoner serving five years for leaving the country without a permit and inciting people to go on strike. in my youth, i listened to the elders of my tribe telling stories of the old days. amongst the tales they related to me were those of wars fought by our ancestors and defense of the father land. i hope then that life might offer me the opportunity to serve my people, and make my own humble contribution to the freedom struggle. during my lifetime, i have dedicated myself to this struggle of the african people. i have fought against white domination, and i have fought against black domination. i have cherished the ideal of democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. it is an ideal which i hope to

live for and achieve. but if need be it is an ideal for which i'm impaired to die. [applause] over a decade ago i to do? stood in a small cell with john lewis. on june 23rd, 1969, from that small cell nelson mandela, prisoner and husband wrote this: my dearest, a new world will be won not by those who stand at the distance with their arms folded, but by those who are in the arena goes garments are torn

by storms and whose bodies are maimed in the course of the contest. honor belongs to those who never fore sake the truth. even when things seem dark and gray. who try over and over again who are never discouraged by insults, humiliation, or even defeat. since the dawn of history, mankind has honored and respected brave and honest people. men and women like you, darling, an ordinary girl who hails from a country village hardly shown on those maps. my sense of "devotion" to you precludes from me from saying more in public than i've already done in the note which must pass through many hands.

one day we will have the privacy which will enable us to share the tender thoughts which we have kept buried in our hearts. nelson mandela. [applause] neighbors of a prisoner, april 1st, 1985, from robin island off the coast of capetown. nelson mandela wrote these words. the ideals we cherish, our fondest dreams and fervent hopes may be not realized in our

lifetime, but that is besides the point. the knowledge that in your day you can your duty and live up to the expectations of is in itself a rewarding experience and magnificent achievement. i am also aware that massive efforts have been made here and abroad for my release. a realistic approach clearly shows that must be ruled out completely. a possibility that such a demand will succeed. but i am optimistic. even behind prison walls, i can see the heavy cloud and the blue sky over the horizon.

..

i extend my gratitude to the millions of compatriots in every corner of the globe that have campaigned for my release. today the majority of south africans, black and white, recognize that apartheid has no future and it has to be ended by our own decisive action in order to build this. we have waited too long for our freedom and we can wait no

longer now is the time to intensify the struggle on all fronts. it would be a mistake of generations to come. our march towards freedom is irreversible and we must not allow fear to stand in our way. this includes the common voters roll in the democracy and it is the only way to achieve racial harmony. that is by nelson mandela. [applause] >> nelson mandela, nobel peace prize, oslo, norway. we do not believe we do not

believe that this is intended as an accommodation for matters that have happened in the past we indicate that we will do what we can to contribute to the renewal of our world so that none should, in the future, be described as the wretched of the earth. when he said that humanity can no longer be tragically bound to the starless midnight of racism

and war. let the efforts of us all proved that he was not a mere dreamer when he spoke of the duty of genuine brotherhood and peace be more precious than diamonds or silver or gold. [applause] [applause] >> nelson mandela, may 10, 1994, pretoria, south africa, inauguration day. we, the people of south africa feels as though that humanity has taken us back into its bosom. that we who are outlaws not so long ago have been given the rare privilege to include to the nations of the world.

the time for that and of the has come and the moment to bridge this that divides us has come. we have at last achieved about this and we understand that there is no easy road to freedom and we know it well that none of us acting alone can achieve success and we must therefore act together as a united people for national reconciliation or nationbuilding for the birth of a new world. never and never again shall it be this beautiful land will again experience the oppression of one by another and to suffer the indignity of being this part of the world. let freedom ring. [applause] [applause]

>> when doctor mary frances berry and randall robinson and myself went to the south african embassy portably let the ambassador that we received under false pretenses, we could imagine about south africa, but i'm not sure that we could imagine celebrating his birthday in the congress of the united states. [applause] september 21, 1998, new york

city. this is probably the last time that i will have the honor to stand up at the podium to address the general assembly. born as the first world war came to a close and departing from public life as it marks half a century of the universal declaration of human rights. i have reached that part of the long war and the opportunity is as it should be for our men and women to retire to some rest and tranquility in the village of my birth. i will continue to entertain the hope that there has emerged a cadre of leaders in my region on my continent and in the world which will not allow that any

should be denied their freedom as we were and that any should be turned into refugees as we were. that and he should be condemned to go hungry as we were. that and he should be stripped of their human dignity as we were in house it has been indeed how to have peace and tranquility and then with the billions around the world proclaim that it was right and

that we dreamed and we toiled to give life to a workable dream, nelson mandela. [applause] ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪

double ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ [jazz music playing] ♪

♪ ♪ [jazz music playing] ♪ ♪ ♪ [jazz music playing] ♪ ♪

♪ ♪ [applause] >> good morning. as we celebrate the legacy of nelson mandela and we mark his greatness by the reading of his own word, it is important to note the spirit in the words of nelson mandela and how it has permeated the halls of the capitol for many years and many times and on two occasions, more than nearly other any foreign leader in history, nelson

mandela addressed a joint session of congress in the 1998 deputy president of the african national congress urged us to keep our sanctions in place and his words inspired instruction and that continues with randall robinson and her former colleagues and those who thought that we're going to be with us today but i understand that we need to recognize his great work and their contribution. [applause] >> mr. clyburn, the list goes on and on and that leadership continues and as deputy

president nelson mandela stay dead, a lot of times it is to challenge their humanity and to impose on them deprivation and that is dehumanizing to them. this time as the democratically elected president of south africa. [applause] probably one of those addresses, some of us had the privilege of having lunch with president mandela in the hall and he spoke again following his joint address and he talked in very personal terms about what it was like all of those years in prison. he he talked about his family. he spoke about the burden of imprisonment and the sacrifice that he made.

not only about himself but the sacrifice that his family made. not only of the cost of personal freedom to him, but the cost of personal time with his family and to become the father of a country, he had to make sacrifices that meant that he could not be a full-time father to his family. those of us who had the opportunity to be there that day were in tears just to hear him opening up in that way. for those of us who have ever had the opportunity to know that he was cut off from his family physically but not spiritually as indicated in his remarks. for 27 years, as we all know, before he appeared before congress, he has languished and

he made a challenge for on an unjust law. they have their ways of collaborating and deciding for his freedom and his family. he epitomized the struggle to ms with a symbol of the oppression and prejudice that plague many across africa. but he never gave up hope and he never lost faith in the strength of the human spirit as he told congress in 1994 that his freedom represents a triumph's of the intangible nobility of spirit which makes peace and friendship among people and to succeed in this requires

courage, he said and courage is not the absence of fear at the time over it when he was released from prison, he had the courage to love and not vengeance but compassion and reconciliation. that reconciliation was south africa's gift to the world and have been taught to talk to us over and over again. he emerged not with malice in his heart, but with forgiveness in his soul and he would extend the blessings of freedom even to the men and women who denied him his own freedom. that was the true mark of kurdish the statement on his 95th birthday and that remains his legacy not with the spirit

of the south africa movement. within the human rights of the people, manifested in long lines of free and fair elections and it was a movement inspired by the giants of history and may we always answer the call for justice and reconciliation and peace. happy birthday, nelson mandela. [applause] this was a part of it is described as very welcome to the embassy and some of what transpired. now we hear from some of the other leaders who visited the

embassy. each playing an essential role in the fight to end apartheid. we will hear now from doctor mary frances berry. [applause] >> thank you so much. as a member of this movement and president of this program, it gives me the ability to say word on this very special day. on behalf of thousands of local union leaders and everyday workers drawn to this cause by service and sacrifice and commitment to a nonracial democratic south africa and a better world for freedom seeking people the world over, this was

such a special time they wish to say happy birthday. you are life we have special fondness of you in the hearts and minds of so many. thank you. >> all of those people who

believe in took the words to heart that where there is no struggle there is no action wherever they were, many of us ask on your behalf that we take a moment of silence. but all of them i remember. >> thank you.

in the spirit of common incident stirs in her future defendants, we now thank you in this hot. we thank president mandela and the people of southern africa for bringing us together teaching us to say that the struggle continues. [applause] >> so what i'm going to do it is tell you to stories. he would understand why i am telling you these two stories and what they mean. the first is that when we come out randall and walter and i

went to talk to the press and with the ambassador and then we looked at each other. yes, we are not leaving and we echoed what he said. he looked at us and he said, how can we be part of the civil rights commissioner and this is our country.

he didn't say that to randall, i don't know what he ever said. he said i'm having you arrested. and i guess he thought he was going to be scared we had no idea that it would work at all. we tried to be strategic. we tried to do that because we stepped out on faith and it needed to be done.

it involves the whole story with congressman maxine waters. what she told me about the whole thing. we did it because it took off all over this country and people joined us. for almost two years, people came from everywhere. the smithsonian african american museum said that they would like my table. i will give it to them after i'm dead. [laughter] [laughter] but anyway, every single day for almost two years again president

mandela would understand i'm telling you this story we tried to go to south africa to see what was going on. needless to say they wouldn't give us the ability to go. we couldn't go for this or that. we would announce publicly that things work better and they believed us. [laughter] [laughter] so we got visas. we went all over south africa.

they said he can stop raising heck, we are coming up tomorrow. [applause] [applause] people start started doing this all over the place and we were dancing and singing and they spread the message and the streets were flowing and we partied all night long waiting for nelson mandela to get out of jail.

so this is when the door opens. >> i would let you know that he came in and heard each one of us and then he sat down when he was with us on the couch and we sat on the floor around him. finally he said this is only the beginning and i climbed out the

window and i hung out the window. in that same day, i have to come back and i had classes to teach those two years, the people all over this country, it didn't hit me until i was in this band of brothers and sisters. i was in the transit lounge on my way back and i haven't seen him come out of jail because he didn't have a tv in the mayor's office. and he meant to tell us that it

was planned and i want to see him walking down the street and holding hands and on the screen he was walking down the street holding hands. and i started to cry. you think the change won't come and that people will never triumph over good. well, that the more will indeed inherit the earth. but if you are persistent, and if you use nonviolence, and every generation makes its own dent in the wall of injustice, change will come. [applause]

[applause] [applause] [inaudible conversations] >> on june 26, 1990, when nelson mandela was indeed emboldened in his address to the congress of the united states of america, he opened his speech with the words it is an effect of the human condition that each like a meteor [inaudible]

he will not simply pass out of existence. even today, as the angels grapple with his soul, he refuses to fall out of human existence and it is a process that he is watching us from above. so as long as people have been

discriminated against and people are made to feel inferior, nelson mandela and his legacy and his legacy will not pass out of existence. then he will know that he will not fall out of existence all over the world and people need his values and legacy but as something feeling and living that we can use in our everyday lives. i have simply come here to give thanks. and i want to thank the leaders

of the house and senate were putting together the celebration of the life and legacy and values of nelson mandela and i want to thank you for welcoming us and i want to thank you. [applause] i want to thank you for the congressional medal of honor that you have bestowed on him and i want to thank you for the removal of nelson mandela from the watch list and to give him his full dignity. [applause] and i want to thank you and

particularly single out in 1986 the late congressman from the democratic party and senator dick lugar from the republican party. with the united states of america and the people of africa hand in hand come i want to thank you for the courage. because four years later, nelson mandela was out of prison and eight years later we had a democratic election in south africa. thank you so much for all of that that you have done. [applause]

it has kick started south africa and the african continent onto the brink of prosperity and a face that again and we will cross that when we come back to it. today we do with south africa and we do this the best we can by making this sound is wonderful as we can and for bringing the great jazz music of our continent into your houses today. i want to thank particularly a group who kept us going from the days of slavery through the

civil rights struggle through today and every instance of injustice and inequality and they continue to shine a light on this thank you so much for your endeavors. [cheers] [applause] [cheers] [applause] >> i believe that none of those instances where he was welcomed into this house would it be possible that there must be a conscience for the congressional black caucus. i also want to thank particularly the african diplomatic corps. [applause]

and you have represented the people of south africa and i thank you very much for being such a clear voice to all of us. i also think that we must thank the people of the united states of america and of the free south africa movement and we have heard from some of them today that i think that what we are doing is an energy and most importantly a conscience and a humanity that transcends color and every difference that is possible in the world. so i and by talking about the second time he spoke, he received the congressional medal of honor in 1998 and he said

honorable members, we hope the village of expressing gratitude to the united states of america and i am probably grateful to be allowed to do so and we face the future with confidence. we do so because despite the difficulties that confront us, there is in all of us the capacity to touch one another's hearts across oceans and continents and we think you for allowing nelson mandela to touch our hearts across oceans and continents. we thank you so much. [applause] [applause]

[applause] >> and you are standing on your feet, we invite you to join us in singing happy birthday. we want to lift our voices so he can hear us across the ocean. and we include this song that stevie wonder wrote ♪ ♪ happy birthday to you ♪ happy birthday to you ♪ happy birthday

♪ happy birthday ♪ happy birthday ♪ here we go ♪ happy birthday ♪ happy birthday. >> ♪ ♪ happy birthday ♪ happy birthday

♪ ♪ [applause] >> let us pause for the benediction. god of our weary years, you who have brought us this far, we praise you, the giver of bountiful gifts. for this moment on time lord, we are grateful for nelson mandela, 9.5 decades of life and for his willingness to serve his

generation and your purposes by striving to create a just society and moving his nation to reconciliation. as we receive this from his exemplary life, remind us of what we do for the lost and the lonely in the last and least, we do for you. use us to hasten the day when justice will roll down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream. touch him even now with your

healing hand and let your faith shine upon him and be gracious unto him. lift the light of your countenance upon us for justice and truth and give him your piece. we pray in the name of him who declares that you shall know the truth and the truth shall make you free. amen ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ [drum beats and singing]

♪ ♪ [drum beats and singing] ♪ ♪ ♪

>> [drum beats and singing] ♪ ♪ ♪ [drum beats and singing] ♪

♪ [drum beats and singing] ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ in the mako [drum beats and singing]

>> ♪ ♪ ♪ [drum beats and singing] ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ [drum beats and singing] ♪

♪ [drum beats and singing] ♪ ♪ [cheers] [applause] ♪ ♪ [drum beats and singing]

[cheers] [applause] [inaudible conversations] >> in 2003 in the article you recommended, it a historical reckoning with crimes committed by the united states. which crimes were you referring to and which decisions taken by the current administration would you recommend for such a reckoning? >> thank you, senator. thank you for giving me the occasion to respond to that. as an immigrant to this country, i think that this is the greatest country on earth, as i know do you. i would never apologize for america, we have freedoms and opportunities here that people dream about a broad and i certainly did.

and with regard to that, one of the things that have moved me as some have mentioned, we have a response to the rwanda genocide and president clinton himself has come forward and expressed his regret that the united states talked about. when i traveled to rwanda and this is how it has resonated. ..

the invention of the flat disk, the gramophone, and then we go ahead throughout that story and tell about johnson's very important inventions to improve this machine. mr. johnson and his engineers went to work to try to keep the mumpers very happy, and they came out with a style. referred to as a victrola.

the i the name was coined when the horn was moved and put in a concealed area within the cabinet. now they also decided. a very clever idea to put doors on the front which allowed you to modify the sound. so now you hat volume control. you also could take the lid and close the lid, which would give you the ability to soften the sound, and also sometimes if you had a very -- hide that sound as well. ♪