evolves helping them understand the body put into practice with universal practice is so self governance so hamilton and provide us with a remarkable as i said the account what those principles are identified this particular translation bears our allegiance. >>host: we have this related stool with the federalist in. how does the current conservative movement wealth when you look at the three legged stool? >> it looks like this. here you can see a bit of burkett here you see devotion of the constitutional tradition and

here is the impact of. and what i try to show in the book is the need all three there is wisdom of. to recover also the funding is also the wisdom of the high point of person -- post-world war two so what i emphasizes it takes people back from the left and right with a conservative tradition is the virtue of political moderation my book seeks to show that actually political moderation is a conservative virtues and i am perfectly well aware with progress says political moderation you risk being laughed at of the room and shouted out but

conservatives are extremist and absolutist give obstructionist and i am perfectly well aware if you then gather a roomful of conservatives that with the absence of conservatism you are met with stony stairs and i see indignation when the silence is broken you're asked to be declared and no, no, no we do not need moderation but unwavering devotion so i am aware when i say needs to be recovered is not regarded. you can say in this polarized h, one thing that progress is saying conservatives agree upon is that moderation is a conservative virtue.

i find support in my view with the first world war ii america and one other point back in 1790 that i am aware of the defenders of schemes of liberty's soberly limited if the accused of lacking fidelity to the cause. i am aware that moderation is stigmatized as the virtue of cowards to be stigmatized sold more than 200 years ago today moderation and my guess is a 200 years from now so i guess i should add that understand the life i

do stood sticky into the middle of the road compromise for the sake of compromise then it could be contemptible but the moderation that i talk about that is exemplified with the american founding is the commitment to principles and working to accommodate balanced to do as much justice as possible. >>host: peter berkowitz, who in your view has done a good job with your position of political moderation today? >>guest: this book grew

out of a concern that very few people are doing i begin to think about this the late 2008 as candidate obama it was becoming clear canid it obama the would win the historic victory you kid here anc's social conservatives talking about traditional morality and talking with the discussed of limited cover big conservatives discussed and impatience with social conservatives and how healthy is this? in may concluded it was quite an unhealthy, and it progressive writers he in

san tended house begin to declare conservatism is dead for 40 years at least. and i began to wonder what brings together social conservatism? was there a principal or a set of principles those are devoted to those principles of limitations? and i saw of the tea party of movement arrived and one of the things that was interesting about the tea party movement was it contained a disproportionate number of social conservatives but they were focused on the team government in then it in their front of the campaign

of 2012 i would see 10 candidates for the party's nomination and seeking to stake out the most extreme and incendiary positions of the political spectrum. all of this compelled me to return to these sources as the dissatisfaction. today however i do see promising developments is the was the younger generation of republicans of paul ryan and marco rubio mid eric cantor seemed to be much more easily simultaneously embody said genuine and proper concern along with a genuine and of proper concern of a limited government and individual

liberty. i should add this is a real challenge liberties of the one hand and tradition on the other goes back to edmund burke one of the reflections of the revolution of france is liberty get these to be given a proper respect with order a and virtue because of the traditional way to maintain a legal order through those cultivation of virtues preform individuals were capel's to maintain a free society there is never less intentions but liberty in the first place means doing as you wish but position as a doing as a tradition says you ought to do as authority but sometimes what you wish to do or what profession and you wish to enter or racial children differs from what tradition says so then they meet each other tim brookes

saw that dog negative perks of this but however with eric cantor in marco rubio they understand the claims of liberty trying to put together policies of the agenda the reflect liberty and tradition that is also alive. >>host: what about wray and paul? >> i like grandpa's energy -- ray and paul's energy. i worry that he will take his focus on the misted government too far in not fully appreciate the claims of tradition and order a and virtue. >>host: finally peter berkowitz why is the word constitution there?

>>guest: the american in tradition of liberty that so important are prescribed in the constitution i think these groups are excellent principles i would argue for them but we also argue for them that ate our tradition has described that gives us another ground into also be grateful to them to develop what embodies them. >>host: t levin is the name of the book written by senior fellow peter berkowitz liberty, self-government, and political moderation" booktv on location at stanford university.

>>host: now on your screen is william b. gould iv professor of law here is stanford and also the author of this book "bargaining with baseball" labor relations in age of prosperous turmoil" mr. gold why are you writing about this topic? what is your involvement? >>guest: to different levels someone who has played the game as a young man and as a child and follow did throughout my life. i suppose passionately involved in it and as principally the observer and as well someone who has

written about it teaching sports law and talking about baseball in labor law and sports law and finally i suppose, because the role that comes up in this book in particular is my involvement as the arbitrator in those particular as the chairman of the nlrb during the clinton the administration and when we were involved at that time of one of the greatest straight in terms of duration and serving as a landmark in the entire history of the game. the entire season was shut down beginning in august for the first time since 1904

the world see -- world series was canceled and in the spring of 1895 my nlrb of which was the chairman in the '90s with the clinton in administration in intervened to get the injunction than once we got that, then judge sova my you are now a justice then the players returned to use the of field the parties negotiated a collective bargaining agreement and a good deal of prosperity ever since that period so this really does come from all of these perspectives as the observer as the player in someone involved as the arbitrator and government officials. >>host: how did we get to that point that you had to

intervene? what occurred? >> intel lead to 94 we had glycol in the book a 30 year war really resulting principally out of a decision by an arbitrator in 1975 which created free agency for baseball players menino of a man named kirk and it went to the supreme court he lost the others one in the results of that arbitration provided the free agency for players and a series of agreements were entered into between the

owners there always deeply dissatisfied with attempt team to limit that decision and to reverse it so they decide to take the players on in the mid-90s in the last of this 30 year war in this is what produces these substantial stoppage. we intervene not because we have a particular view of who was right or wrong but under our a jurisdiction in these so-called unfair labor practice we found the owners had not bargain into in good faith or followed the proper procedural rules at the bargaining table age

unilaterally put into effect their own position to the point of the impasse so we intervene to it we got this so-called injunction which requires them to rescind the changes that they had made to come back to the bargaining table and that convinced the players that they should give up the strike in the convince the owners that they should except them back and attempt to bargain but until that point the owners had talked about replacing the players something that they had never done. it had been done with other sports the it never is in baseball and one of the byproducts of that would have been something not only calamitous with the game but

cal ripken consecutive game streak would have been stopped those were not the reasons we intervened but nonetheless those were buy products which could have caused serious harm to the game. >> did you view that players association as a union? >> yes we did in the think most have viewed them that way. they are a traditional union but they performed many functions that although or steal or electronics would not perform because what the union does simply a baseball and other sports targeted minimum standards on salary and a minimum-wage but as we

know the owners frequently do negotiate sometimes to their everlasting regret as was the case with the yankees and rodriguez the amount of money that is considerably above the minimum and as will negotiate the pension as well as health benefits of one of the things that i talk about is the year that i fell in love with baseball was the year the players' first became interested in a union in the summer of 1946 when the former nlrb lawyer tried to guide the players to give them advice and they rejected that we would set

up an organization that created the first pension plan what is always vital for athletes that have such in an abbreviated career and concerned what would happen to them. >>host: tour some of the players active to push this union? >> one of them was a dixie walker called the people's choice to patrol the health field for the brooklyn dodgers a and john a. murphy of the new york kinky is is, the shortstop will achieve the in 1946 st. louis cardinals these were some of the pioneers and of course, that first

year 1946 that i fell in love with a game were trying to protest their condition not simply by a negotiating but to be involved with the union but some of them going south of the of border which was enticing those south of the border and i talk about what we as kids saw a and observed. there are disappointed if they try to come back gant reclaim their status and reinstated the antitrust litigation legal avenues of what the players abuse to beyond the process itself.

>>host: then why since they tea 95 have we not seeing a strike? what did you help to put into place? >>guest: we see no baseball strike for a number of reasons. revenues as escalated enormously at the time that we intervened to in 1985 the total revenues for baseball were $1 billion at the time of the last collective bargaining agreement in 2011, those revenues increased sevenfold more than 7 billion. in the era of prosperity the

players say the owners had something to share in all those bad boys became the model. this is in sharp contrast to football agent hockey and base -- basketball with a series of lockouts that highlights the players were smart in realize they have something to give the owner they are concerned about keeping down the cost not only for the experienced players but also the newcomers coming out of stanford here claiming big bonuses one of our players got the highest bonus is ever paid in major league baseball so they are

concerned about suppressing those in the international players coming from beyond in the book talks said great deal about globalization. no major-league baseball has negotiated agreements with japan and korea it is attracting players from latin america in large numbers and is concerned about those areas. the players are giving the quid pro quo which i described in the book we want more free agency, less unencumbered mobility for players in they have been conceding that in exchange getting some kind of control and limits on the costs

associated with the new covers it is the matter of great concern as we see cuba is about to open up and in many ways that is the greatest player market in the world even more than japan and the fed already we're seeing those players on the ad hoc basis commanding princely sums from baseball a and this is been the subject of negotiation since the 1985 settlement. >>host: in your book "bargaining with baseball" labor relations in age of prosperous turmoil" you have a chapter on in declining black participation in baseball. >>guest: and other theme of the book is the way in which the game has changed on and off the field since

the 1940's. one of the greatest moments when i was a child was that the advent of jackie robinson receiving a good deal of attention in the movie 42. i talk about the day he came up and how my father, who had no interest in baseball whatsoever, i was simply a guy who'd went off on my own to play the game every day but of course, we as a black family in new jersey had a great interest to break the color bar of baseball and my father said to me the day he came up at the dinner table he said really you know, he got that here he knew all

about it. we were very excited about shock -- jackie robinson pioneering efforts in 1947 and those who followed him so i write about them but what has happened is this we have made create it bids is to integrate the game but they have stopped for a variety of reasons that i talk about in the book. and a number of black players in the game today has diminished to appreciably from the 1970's a quota system was in the fact that only the black

superstars could get in the game and that began to diminish in the '70s did you gotta period we're more than 20 percent of the players in baseball were black book that has been going down systematically ever since the '70s and during this past decade we have moved down to about 8% and this is true i think for a number of reasons that i discuss in the bookcase and one of them is the lack of equipment equipment, the competitiveness that exist to the kids your younker when we were kids we had no adults supervision or uniforms are umpires but of course, that is unheard of now. for all of these things cost

money and when i was in washington there were no batting cages there were no baseball fields. that is an important factor that i talk about also how colleges are the avenue for more than 50% of those going into professional ranks and colleges only give a small number of scholarships for baseball as opposed to do football or basketball they will say that the blacks are not interested but they are in football and basketball. but 80 scholarships for football in the kids to get

the complete free ride in the pork kid who is more likely to be black or have the athletic ability will choose that sport a and not baseball because there are not full scholarships because they don't have comparable brevity's and that we have to overcome wear women's sports they were denied full scholarships in there sports because there was no revenue there needs to be more full scholarships in baseball. there are none now so we can't attract a black as well as white into the game but we don't have those economic resources that so many possess.

>>host: did you make any more controversial decisions then when they came to the baseball decision? >> we made many decisions that seem to be controversial. we held for is since that undocumented workers of the supreme court already said they are employees were entitled to back pay. that drew a great deal of attention and controversy to us. but those decisions got the attention of the entire nation as much as our involvement with the baseball strike when hundreds of reporters were killed doubt at headquarters all weekend when the streets for the national news anchors were talking about us and with the national

labor relations board and known to most of the population so they received a great deal of attention. >>host: if you want more of the inside story here is the story "bargaining with baseball" labor relations in age of prosperous turmoil" author william b. gould iv. >>host: this is booktv on c-span2 currently in london

conducting interviews of british author san joined now by a british historian that has written several books on the world were to a and related topics if we could start with the wrist semi related topic covered the spanish civil war, how did that begin in did it have a role in the beginning of world war ii? >>guest: is definitely described as the long war of the 20th century not ended through 1989 a wonderful debating point for historians but it was definitely of the international civil war by proxy and many people refer to it as a second world war but very much a test bet for weapons working of the tactics and also using their

equipment and they learned quite a bit as well. >>host: how did that work? >> it was a cycle of fear and violence in the spanish republic that came to power in 1931 was forced to abdicate. indy election the popular front the leftist coalition one in there was such a mutual dislike the and fear of them a and the right to a year ended july the uprising of the generals led by francisco franco and the civil war that started that summer and then through 1939. >>host: who won? >> very much of right under

general franco helped of course, by hitler and mussolini who had all volunteer troops there were more italian troops but the vital contribution of the nazi. >>host: was franco part of a world war ii as well? >> it was despite they did not regard it that way but the real leap to try to stay neutral because spade was weekend. >>host: one of your books is called the fall of berlin in 1945, the antony beevor, what was life like in berlin j. neary through april 1945? >> the prospect of the attack of the red army and that the soviet union had

much into a binge after all of the atrocities so everybody was afraid and not knowing when they would come now the first attacked started so the people there cahan the wind heard rumors of the mass rapes in they were not surprisingly absolutely terrified a hint with the behavior of the red army was appalling not just germany also hungry indeed it did:david yugoslavia the red army was complete the audit control stolid with the kit was regimented but there is very little control and with a guttural box

there was disorder. >>host: for most of world war ii was berlin the safe haven? >> get wasn't from the air raids it was a cheap target led by harris with his controversial defenses and americans also a bomb to berlin but because it was so spread out you did it is -- did not get a headache is survived more intact with edwin the impressions arrived the all would attack at the center with the supporting forces and that of course, it was smashed to pieces. >>host: 1942 was life like ? was there electricity or shortages is what was the

city lifelike? >> gone though whole carried on a normally those who had money or contact interested in the nazi party and those friends of the leaders had a very good life but for most of the population there were not shortages beaches they major was the occupied countries whose suffered that were basically exported so there was not a real hunter but certainly shortages but real hunter did not start until all 1945. >>host: were those bombing raids strategically important? >> they did not achieve

their objective that is certain what they did achieve is they forced because hitler was so furious about the bombing raids they force them to withdraw the squadrons from the eastern front that made a huge difference and russians historians will not acknowledge it even stolid was aware of it helped the red army enormously in 1943 and 44. >>host: antony beevor the role of the soviet union to read it would death about the rule? >> bond fell whole greasy it from the eurocentric point of view just like films of saving private ryan but you have to recognize the fact

that big% of the casualties took place on the eastern front and of course, the soviet union had appalling losses him and lost another 60 million civilians so they've really had a guilt to the soviet union which is one of the reasons why stolid could manipulate. >>host: what was hitler's tactical reasons? >>guest: for him to come up with reasons others ever more secret door personal he did not speak about in the case of the invasion of the soviet union the ada was to pitch its of its natural resources and turned up population into a slave

state it would be a german colony in the breadbasket for not see germany and this was the idea started in 1918 when at the end of the first world war said germans invaded and occupied the bulk of ukraine and southern russia and hitler was very much working on that with his main the objective. >>host: another one of your books, the talk about that. >>guest: stalingrad was the military and psychological turning point of the second world war. . .