we united states are being trained to view citizens as enemies. and we gallagher joins us on "after words" in an interview with richard benjamin. she talks about her book. we wrap up tonight's programming at 11:00 p.m. eastern with peter lance who describes the relationship between the fbi and stay tuned for more of this week's television schedule. >> coming up next, the forces of business and capitalism and how they can be combined for society at large. the author profiles companies that have successfully done this. the book was reviewed at freedom

fest, a libertarian conference held each year. you can watch this conference coming up now. >> the book is conscious capitalism. we have the professor joining us today at freedom fest. what is conscious capitalism? >> is a way of thinking about business. we have this sort of narrow narrative and definition about what business is all about. is it about maximum profits and how it works for shareholders? this is about thinking of business in a much more realistic and richer way. successful businesses are based on a platform of higher purpose, something that they are trying to do in the world that that is worth doing. trying to achieve value in a certain way, which is meaningful to people.

not only to customers and employees, but suppliers at large. we talk about how to shape them as an end and you actually discuss how business rallies employees in their lives. with meaning and purpose, focusing on customers and improving the quality of their lives. it is creating values were supplied in the community and for the environment. trying to create value for all stakeholders and doing it in a way that does not require trade-offs. you think about it in the traditional way, these businesses are conscious leaders they are formed by the purpose and stakeholders of the

organization. they are much less driven by personal enrichment and missionary leaders are very involved in the unique culture. the culture of authentic trust and transparency, and i think most importantly love and care. a lot of businesses tend to operate with a skull that they think is what they need to get people to work hard to keep them motivated. these businesses realize it's really not about that. it is one human beings are driven internally by what is going on and they have a sense of purpose and a sense of meaning by getting this perspective straight. and by having the opportunity.

the interesting thing that came in a book a few years ago called terms of endearment, it shows that those type of businesses create multiple kinds of value for those kinds of stakeholders. so it shows in this is not just about trade-offs. to do that, you must squeeze your employees or suppliers or extend those burdens onto society. it is simultaneously creating a positive value in all of those dimensions for all of the stakeholders. and that is the view with this way of thinking about this. >> do you consider "conscious capitalism: liberating the heroic spirit of business" to be an evolutionary step in our system? >> and the way it is.

the seats were there in the beginning. and sort of something that has a dimension to it. we talked about this responsibility and how to narrow down to the point where you must always look to maximize the value, otherwise you could get fired and food. we have lost that moral and ethical and spiritual dimension of work and work really is a fundamental thing in our life. we have separated those things in the past.

now we are bringing them together. i do think it is evolutionary in a sense that we, as human beings, we are evolving rapidly in the world is changing dramatically. if you look in the last 20 years how the world has changed. not only did we have a collapse of the economy, but we also have had oil spills, we have the invention of the world wide web, so it is the aging of the population and the median age is now 44 years old. that means a society is driven by midlife values and they are much more about meaning and purpose and interconnectedness and what kind of legacy will i

leave behind and less about self unless about materials. so more people are now about those kinds of things. we are also becoming more connected. we have a lot of people on this planet. we have facebook with over a billion members. what it means is that with this data, the average person with an iq today, taking them back to 1918, they would be considered a genius in 1918. also we have much more education. 40% of americans go to college and many finish high school.

the impact is most dramatic on women. we are talking about professions and how they will also be fundamentally transforming the nature of society. the rise of feminine values, the feminization of the culture. long-term thinking, rather than the masculine approach or domination of competition. and i think the last part of that is that the journey of rising consciousness -- if you look at all the market. it is part of the human condition and every civilization going back.

things are changing rapidly in that which is acceptable cannot be acceptable in the future when it was in the past. that is what is going on with the future evolving. we are still largely operating on that it motivates us and it's

very different. so almost everything happened motivates us. >> i think that part of our purpose is liberating the heroic spirit of business. it is very much a celebration of economic and political freedom. and business is fundamentally a reflection of that we have a negative attitude that business is about exploitation and greed. the more you can be selfish and exploited, the more successful you will be in business. that is simply not true. so i think we ought to change that toxic narrative about business out there and recognize the entrepreneurs are the real value creators in this world.

businesses actually elevate humanity. this includes and employees so there is no scope for people to explore what it actually means to be human. and now the prosperity that we have has gone from 500 to about $800,000 worldwide. so so many more of us not naturally aspire to higher things in life.

so where does that come from? it lifts people out of poverty. government cannot lift people out of poverty, but they can help in emergency situations. they cannot create sustainable means for people to elevate their existence. many others on this planet have seen their lies fundamentally altered as well. tens of millions of people who are alive today that would not be alive otherwise. so we are very much in alignment with what this event is about. and what we say that you can actually make it even better. that business is fundamentally

good with free markets and without crony capitalism and without all of the kinds of distortions. and if you apply a higher consciousness through it, people have value creation are just explodes on the higher level. because then you start to see the interconnectedness. and then you have this living organism not as a machine, but this living thing that needs to flourish. when it does a great all kinds in the world. so we are very much in harmony. >> who is the cofounder? >> a country that in many ways represents what we are talking about. >> welcoming returning here. how does this fit into the tenet that you have described?

>> guest: well, it talks about what we believe and what we are trying to do. why was whole foods created? it was started in 1978. with the original name safer way, which is a play on safeway. it's a safe way for you to eat food that is natural and hall must process and has less artificial ingredients and so forth. so the fundamental premise was to educate people that what you put into your body makes a difference to your health. and it makes a difference to the food system the food spending is to be about 6% and now it's down to about 80%. if you look at those trends, we are buying a lot more and we are

paying for it with our health. it is unsustainable. the purpose is what drives them and that is why they exist. they are not just another retailer trying to make you money. there's a situation behind existence. and they look at other stakeholders as interconnected into the family. the declaration of interdependence and it says that we are part of activists and others. therefore when we make decisions in the company, you must consider the consequences for all. not simply added to include margins and we need to think about what are the consequences and try to come up with win-win scenarios across the stakeholders and that takes

creativity. it's very easy to find trade-offs. a lot of it tends to be true doctrine. >> they also have a very utilitarian culture. it has varied between 350 and 500. it used to be that it risen dramatically over the last two decades. and it is the front-line people that are better than average, the people modestly compared to chief financial officers and another company might make a million dollars. but the reason they do that as they want people who are driven by people and service who care

about the business. we will find that these leaders are more effective and inspirational and ultimately more successful in an internal culture and the response to that of people can look at that and everyone knows what everyone asked else is paid. if you want to do that, you can do that. therefore those are some of the elements. so we created this with team members, those getting it expired, making sure that they have needs that are well met.

looking for most companies in america, most of them spend a lot of money and most customers don't really care. all of that kind of thing. when you do that, that leads to higher revenue and higher margins unhappy investors it allows you the resources to be able to invest back into growth. they are some of the most successful companies out there. their purpose is their purpose they can now change because they are 13 billion-dollar company

and has a positive impact. the purpose is defined by them separate. but being profitable is very important. because if you're not, you cannot achieve the purpose. >> how did you and john mackey get hooked up on this but? >> as i mentioned, i have a book called terms of endearment. and the reason i did that was i have done a lot of research to spend money that is important to get us on our feet. on that basis, it is more than

85% of the worlds population that lives on it. we are spending on ads and coupons. so it has a lot to do with marketing excellence. we discovered at times it wasn't about marketing and all that employees also are loyal in their communities are loyal and we get hundreds of letters a week saying where are you going to open your next store. we found that they existed in this with all their stakeholders . these are companies we love,

actually, and there is a tremendous power in that. we don't recognize the power of it. if the most powerful force in the universe. so he gave me the document and he talked about the publication and john actually read it. and then he said that this is exactly what would i have been looking for. so i went and met him. we had dinner together and at

that time i had a mind map decision and i was so excited after 35 years of teaching business to discover another way of being. i suddenly was not excited. it's like, here are companies doing all these things and they are more successful. how come we don't know about this. so i had a mind map for new capitalism. so i was hoping that i could get some kind of nonprofit set up, ceos, professors, change the way we teach business and so forth. we are getting some headway and not. i just call it conscious capitalism. it seemed like an odd phrase at the time. i have really grown to love it

because i think that represent exactly what we are talking about. includesalnd a sense of wonder. then we start to see this wonderful thing with business and that was the beginning of a few months later. and then we invited a few other people to get involved and now we do multiple conferences a year. brazil, south africa, uk, india, so forth and so on, many of them and we are really trying to build a movement of these ideas. among ceos and business schools as well. >> "conscious capitalism: liberating the heroic spirit of business" is the name of the book. liberating the house heroic spirit of business. raj sisodia is the co-author.

>> you're watching 40 hours of nonfiction authors and books on c-span2's booktv. >> as far as alter egos, we are trying to look at the hypothetical scenarios for something like pakistan or north korea or nuclear weapons to. it is sobering in the sense that the first lesson we draw from this is this is a peerless venture that is outside intervention in these circumstances. it's a longshot at best. i'm not saying that we should therefore never consider it but one should not have any degree

of optimism that we can do this. this is more complicated, much more so than going after osama bin laden. and justifiably so carry out these spectacular successful operations. in the case of algeria there was one device. we're talking about a nuclear arsenal of about 100 devices and different places plus weapons productions facilities in this really gets complicated. the notion we will be operating is also nonsense in it. so these are long shots

desperate at the end. if they are that desperate at the end, that brings back a powerful argument for nonproliferation efforts. if you can't solve the problem that might occur, you probably want to do everything you can to prevent people from going down the path. but what's interesting is that sometimes i think we exaggerate the threat of nuclear terrorism and make claims that some of the states will readily provide nuclear weapons to terrorists. which i think is less likely. i just cannot see this as a likely scenario. but it's used as an argument against proliferation.

because they will give it to terrorists and they have looked at the history of terrorism. we have very precious entities and some of these these entities may not be under their control are penetrated by adversary intelligence. i just don't see that as a likely scenario. if we were to have further proliferation in the middle east and the gulf or something, with a nuclear iran and the nuclear saudi arabia and all of these that we have discussed.

we look at what is happening in the arab spring and so on that itself is a scary scenario. it is not to invent this bogeyman is an argument we are dealing with side effects and there's not there is not a lot that can be done about it. there also might be an element of the international community gets together. and we do think more seriously about what would we do as an international community.

there were great concerns that if you get on top of either one of our nuclear devices or one of their nuclear devices, either military commanders were someone else, how would the two superpowers communicate with each other to keep this from turning into world war iii. and it may be appropriate to start revisiting some of those things and what would be a more complex situation. >> next on booktv. the history of the muslim brotherhood and the influence it yields in egypt and across the middle east today. a leader of the muslim brotherhood was recently ousted

from a leadership position. this is about an hour and 15 minutes. connacht. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations]