they couldn't see the school and couldn't work. we are asking them to vote. not protecting them to stay in school. and that creates a crisis and confidence. my -- [inaudible] that's why we need to lower the voting age. they have more to vote about than we do. >> as sister to sister. let me thank you for the question. we request begin to talk through here is how you organize. you have been organized some way. somehow. i want to give you courage because the per purview set the

standard for the right of students to vote supreme court case i encourage you to going l and. it down. i'm not sure whether they got the word how to organize but they found themselves marching. i would say that -- do if you find something wrong. if you get students to begin to feel empowered to mark somewhere. that ultimately said was to get the accommodation bill passed. your march can get something whether parent plus, keeping the school from being closed. every day they face the threat of closing. face the threat of merging. i want to say by you asking the question already know that young people have laid the ground work currently. not going back fifty years to make a difference. if you're committing to marching, someone will be there to help you organize.

[applause] you have a followup? >> ipped to respondent. you asked me the question about the dreams -- and i did not answer. we are so proud of those young people. they -- [applause] went in -- [applause] to the government office and they stayed in the government office until they agreed to have hearings on stand your ground. everybody participated, reverend jackson went see them. i can tell yo you, people even in egypt sent them food. so people got involved. they got their tensions from all over the world. philip agnew who is leading the struggle is not new. he's young but not new. when philip was about your age

there was a young man who got killed in some kind of juvenile facility in florida. and philip agnew protested and picketed and marched with us then over ten years ago, reverend. >> he was brilliant. >> and he's leading the sit in movement now. you get started at the right time. >> let my say something else about the student plus loan. it's 28,000 students kicked out of school not 16. to be accurate. the historical black president and the congressional black caucus have been working with the department of education and an knee duncan. arne duncan. let me tell you something, we proven as a people we can elect people. we have to make them accountable. it's no reason, no reason whatsoever this plus loan maybe you don't understand it. i am a parent.

i have a credit card in sixty days behind. so i'm going to cut off the student loan. that -- that dog don't hunt. [applause] and the worst time in the history of the united states they have put out. they told the students in september students in school that they was put out of school because they didn't have the fund. that was your department of education arne duncan. understand that. >> because we've been with a few things and the student loans. >> it's true! we have the actual -- [inaudible] we a complete list how the law almost -- and on the 2002 students. they have got cut. faculty had to go home to

furlough. doing the spring break. and the black schools alone lost $16 0 million because of parent plus loans. i guess if you want to be involved, -- [inaudible] didn't compute. can i get an amen? [applause] to add to this. someone came up to me and said, you know, how -- [inaudible] i said we've been talking about this for months. i mean, all of the schools lost. famu lost some. the problem have not been rectified. it is still a problem. this is still the policy of the department of education. let me tell you what they can. they changed the rule. not by law in order to change

the rule. you should have a public hearing. they did it in-house. that is incorrect. and we illegal said okay, my time is illegal. i have a couple of attorneys that follow me around. they say it's illegal. we need to deal with the department of education. and i hate to say we also need call on the president to tell him to have arne duncan to step down. [applause] [cheering and applause] we have our final. >> we have our final comment then reverend jackson will have some closing remarking. >> i'm reverend brooke. i'm honored to be in your presence. i'm a-- and a survivor of childhood slavery.

one of the thing i love about dr. king and how he was able to rally people in his time with love to get people on one adored e move these things exponential way and said hate cannot drive out hate. only love can do that. darkness cannot drive out darkness. i have ministered and counseled young people every day from five years old to 50 years old. that have been violated, rape, been in trafficking. and number one traffic victim in the u.s. are black girls and women. some of my youngest clients are 5. i'm a survivor of child slavery myself. if we touch young people with the heart of rove -- love and rally them to understand what would be locked in the fire voting right ak act. i have a blog with 7,000 readers from around the world and 50 countries don't understand what would be lost. they don't understand the issue really.

they don't understand the breakdown that would happen slowly and what will be lost. i live in florida. my comment is to for leader like reverend jesse and other leaders is to bring something down that we can delineate it clearly to young people and people across the u.s. to let them know what would be lost if we lost in this fire. and what is to gain if we don't fight? there's a lot of young people disfranchised and not happy about what is happening now. >> thank you to all of you.

thank you. [applause] got hit so hard they had to furlough teachers during the spring break. this is like real stuff. these are schools right in our -- in our nose. we have not liked --

[inaudible] brother king spoke in august '63. evans got killed september 12th. the freedom rise that fall. the flawed. -- [inaudible]

not just the speech but the flow of blood -- couldn't make the march. because she was in jail in mississippi when the sheriff told the -- they beat her unconscious. she couldn't make the march. james couldn't make the march. he was in jail. the day of the march the people were in jail. and so i'm anxious for us to make a appropriation legislation event not just reflection and motivation. i'm already motivated. we are -- that's why you came here now. let me say reverend jackson. here is what reverend jacksons wants you to do. we need some money. we are having a reception next door. we knew we put together. we didn't get no sponsor.

we need some support. i hope in all of our givings let us sustain ourselves. something we should ask people -- [inaudible] sometimes we can't fight if the people got the fight on the right -- [inaudible] am i right about that? >> yes. >> you wouldn't like to give $100 would you stand. we need the money real bad. >> you would give at least $100. stand. this is not personal. pay your way. >> pay your way. >> credit card, food stamps.

stand up. stand up. keep standing. now, -- [inaudible] the rest of you who don't have an envelope. you get one too. let me tell you a secret, the most generous -- [inaudible] we want all of you who can pay the $100 pay it. the rest are not going to be locked out. it's not about it. it's about we need some money. i don't want to have to beg you. i'm not proud to beg. i'm accustomed to begging. i know, how to beg. i'm trying to appeal. they are trained. i know how to beg but i'm not trying to. let how you beg. let us stand together. those who contribute please come

forward. come ease your way down here. it's been a great panel. [applause] corrine brown, you're such a radical. you're such a radical. you embarrass john. [inaudible] [laughter] [inaudible conversations] those who contribute please come down front. before we pray and go. let us bow our heads in prayer. let us bow our heads in prayer. for those who came here fifty years ago, the neighbors in birmingham.

[inaudible] let the spirit be us with. give us an unusual level of unity and enjoy -- [inaudible]

those giving money come down here. hank groves give us -- he's giving $500. [laughter] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations]

participates marmingt to the martin luther king, jr. memorial. watch the event live. in about an hour booktv in prime time continues. watch that interview on c-span2. on the next washington journal look at the cost of college and whether or not an education is worth the money. after that, author and professor clarence on the 50th anniversary of the march on washington and modern civil rights challenges. plus your e-mails, phone calls, and tweets. washington journal live at 7:00 a.m. eastern on c-span.

♪ it goes tout grant and universities every state in the nation. you hear about a breakthrough that happened in cancer research or diabetes research or autism or alzheimer's. it's very likely that frame a university or an institute somewhere in the u.s. and it was supported by the nih.

that's what we do. we support the best and brighter to chase after the most visionary ideas. >> host: what did the directors influence on 27-different institute and center. how do you influence what goes on? >> guest: it's a very big place. 27 institute center they are various disease or organs in focus. there's a cancer institute, there's a diabetes institute, there's a heart, lung, and blood institute. there's an eye institute. each lead by remarkable world class scientists who look across the landscape in their particular area and try to identify what is the most exciting stuff that needs to happen next in order advance human health. my role is director is look across the entire landscape and particularly to identify opportunities that might not be specific to one disease or one organ system but could benefit everything. new ways of doing science.

since i came out of the project is an example of what of those kinds of enterprises that benefits everything. we're looking forest fire examples -- for examples like that. it's a great, wonderful, exciting thing to be able to do. to be able to try to steer this massive ship in the direction with the greatest public benefit in the shortest time. >> host: two years ago, i did an interview with christopher and may be -- i don't remember for sure. it was maybe close to his last. he died a year later. i want to run the clip and get you to talk some about it. >> thank you to a wonderful american, dr. francis, the head of the national institute of health including national cancer institute. did the genome project. he and i method because we are opposite sides of the religion debate, we became friends that way. he's is a very convinced

christian. we become friendly debaters. and he is taking very kindly interest in my case. and has henned me -- helped me. to a more perfect identifiable match. >> host: how did you become friends? >> guest: as he said. we started out debating about the topic of science and faith and fact are these world views exatd -- compatible. for me they are. for me as a believer the opportunity to see sirens and god's hand is a wonderful opportunity. christopher has taken a different view. has been articulate and his argument on the side. so we began in circumstances having interesting intelligent yule jousting about this. he is a very impressive debater

and intelligent. over the course of time. we became friends. i had great respect for the way in which he could amass arguments and facts. then he developed cancer. i reached tout him hearing that to see if there was any thing as his friend and the director might be able to do to help him sort through the many options. clearly, he he was in a different time. at the time of diagnosis, having e soft -- esophagus cancer. we met many times in his apartment to talk about philosophical issues, history, and medical views related to his cancer. >> host: did you ever think you could really help him? >> >> guest: i hoped we might be able to slow down what was clearly going to be a threatening and almost certainly fatal circumstances given the far advance nature of the

disease. i think we might probablily have slowed it down. it seemed as if only he had only a couple of months to live. he lived a whole year and a half. he was a pioneer by being out there on the leading edge. went to st. louis to have the agree -- genome consequences to see if there was something a this would lead to the slerks of a different therapy. it did. did that therapy, actually specifically results and benefits hard to be sure it's any choice one science which most scientist would tell you is a different way to draw conclusions. but he was intensely interested in this. it was an experience, i guess he and i went together to see what we could do in his particular case. he wrote about it. brilliantly in his column in the vanity fair magazine. now in a book. so i think by that mouthpiece that he to the world he was able to share some excitement where

cancer research is going. it's an amazing time right now. >> go back over some of the things you said. i know, you are running the genome project. what does it mean? what does genome mean? >> guest: yes. a word people disagree whether it should be genome or agree genome. it's all the dna of the organism. >> host: what is the dna? >> guest: the her red tear thearl gets passed back in 1953 was a double helix. it carries that information in a remarkably elegant and deceptively simple way bay series of chemical bases. think of the genome made of dna as book written in funnily language. that has four letters in the language. many people think we should chosen abcd.

and your -- all the biological property you are born with are encoded within 3 billion of those letters in right order. to carry out her red.aero over hundreds of million of years to result in the species we see around us. >> host: let me ask about her her -- we are all interested in it. aren't we in term of our family and of the characteristic we see in ourselves and others. for me as a physician it's hugely important. almost every condition you look at is some mix of nature and nurture. the nature part is her heardty is the strongest risk factor.

a lot secrets secrets is helping us nail down what it look like and how we might learn enough to -- if you born with a high-risk of al timers maybe there's something you can do something before you are stricken. >> host: what did he do there? >> caller: he was exam bid the capper is expart that. they conducted dna analysis of his cell from the blood. i can tell you what was the dna he was born with. but then they also look at the dna specific tumor cell. cancer is a disease of the genome. it comes about because of the stake causing good cells to go bad and starting to grow when they shouldn't. no exception. and so in his cancer genome.

they found a dozen or so mistakes that had been acquired during life that were driving those cells to grow. and at least one of those, not previously described, suggested the possibility of using a therapy that you would not normally have contemplated for esophagus cancer. there was a chance to try something that was racial, sort of evidence-based designer drug based upon the details of his particular tumor. there is where cancer engulfed. the idea that cancer is one disease is very yesterday. every cancer is essentially a unique disease for that person. it has a different collection of the glitches in the instruction book. the goal that many of us have is get to the point where every cancer has the detailed information. you can look at the menu of therapy and do the match. and say, for this person, this drug is likely to be beneficial inspect is probably not. and we would then move from our

current approach to cancer, which is pretty much generic, one-size-fits all in to personalized or prevision base which it is dined -- designed for the person. >> host: when did you first meet him? >> guest: goodness. i guess i met christopher probably five or six years ago. he was doing a debate at georgetown. with a distinguished though though we got in a fairly intense argument about whether or not the concept of right and wrong has any meaning if you don't except the idea there's something greater than us behind all of us. >> host: when if you get involved in the cancer problem? >> guest: shortly after he was diagnosed. which would be about two years ago >> host: have you ever total it cost him to get from diagnoses to the end? >> guest: i don't know. >> host: who paid for that?

>> guest: he enrolled as a participate in a clinical trial as others did as well. we had no special treatment for christopher. if he was interested in a trial and wanted to sign up, he was able to do so. >> host: what does it mean when you enroll in a trial. >> guest: very important question. a lot of people are facing medical issueses where we don't have great perfect answers. whether it's cancer or diabetes. whether it's alzheimer's disease, we run thousand of trials where you test out experimental therapy. you don't know for sure whether it's going work. the only way you find out is to do it in a careful rigorously observed fashion. people interested go a website called clinicaltrial.gov. they can see what is available for their condition. where is the study being done? what are the conditions you have to match in order to be enrolled in that trial. if they are interested, they sign up.

they go through a extensive process of inform consent to know what they're getting in to. the benefit and risk. and decide whether to participant. that's how we make advance in medical research partnership between patients willing to enroll and investigators who have new idea. >> host: i want to show you statistics that come out in atlanta. do you have anything to do? >> guest: we worked closely with them. >> host: do they work for you? >> guest: we are sister agencies within health and human service. we work closely together. >> host: this is 2011 statistics on the screen there. it shows the number of people that died in the united states 2.4 million, and the death rate. life expectancy now is 78.7. in0 faint more -- this is what i want to show. heart disease 597,000.