and then when you go to college and is a conveyor belt, too. so there's got to be people along the way the war willing to say and other students that have it much better than people that we've their reading glasses at them. they say look there's more to the game than this. try an english course. see what you think. and there on is just go wide. degette narrow when you ask a question to which there is no right answer. but then their eyes go wide with pleasure and you hear the greatest thing you can hear as a teacher. we argue about your class all the time when you are not there. anyway. thank you. if you want to buy a book you will be permitted to do so. [applause]

i thought that that's the answer. there are more women in politics and in around in power things would change. so i called my editor and she basically said okay. >> all of us in the working-class are subjected to punitive taxes, being ignored by the elite media, not getting any kind of special-interest help in washington like the fat cats get to the we are all in the same boat no matter what color we are and that is the problem.

as a young child i faced segregation and racial discrimination and i didn't like it. my mother, my father, grandparents, great grandparents , why racial discrimination? and they would say that's the way it is. don't get in trouble. don't get in the way. but in 1955 when i was in the tenth grade, 15-years-old i heard of rosa parks. i heard the voice of martin luther king jr. on the radio and the words of dr. king inspired me to find a way to get in the way.

in 1956, my brothers and sisters and some of my cousins went down to the public library in a little town in alabama trying to get library cards, trying to check some books out and we were told by the library in, that the library was for whites only and not colored. on july 5th, 1998i went back to the public library in alabama for a book signing of my book walking with joanne and hundreds of black and white citizens showed up and gave me a library card. [applause] walking with the wind is a book of faith, hope and courage. it's not just my story. it is the story of hundreds of thousands of countless men and women, black and white put their bodies on the line during a difficult period of history to end segregation and to end racial discrimination.

a history of the salem witch trials that occurred from feb, 1692 to may 15, 93 in salem massachusetts. the author profiles six of the over 200 people who were accused of witchcraft which resulted in the execution of 20 people. this hourlong program is next on book tv. [applause] >> i'm short so i need the box.

thank you been very much. they've been very supportive. my book six women in the salem focuses on individuals whose corrective experiences are a cross-section of what happened to people turning of the witch trials of 1692. ..

>> it did anything for her. she was suspected in even suspected of witchcraft that she survived that charge the she was not as lucky issue would be the first to be tried but mary english was remembered as a grand lady her mother had operated the blue acre tabard now her

husband owned and controlled the of property in deliverly in salem's top 1 percent. also french speaking it even though jersey was one of the islands in still is although episcopalian people were wary of the french if they may side with the catholic and one dash catholic french canadian forces that continually threatened to invade in the mother of one of the most-active was not accused she herself strongly suspected to be with her and her family and she feared for her husband's livelihood and herself and her children

and haunted of the ghost of her dead babies that perished in infancy. and the children of her own dead sister. 6092 she was about to have for eighth child. the first to be accused was a slave in a precarious situation she denied the charge but either consciously or unconsciously perhaps the events against the impossible situation except big third world was a given in most cultures. always referring to a presumably came from the caribbean. mary was free and white but lacked all prospects.

end with her own references although her father and then now young deaf sister could thus become her behalf she was an afflicted than most vehemently every choice she made ended in disaster. what were they accused of? in the eyes of the law where it into a life of spiritual crime even at the expense of their own soul. that is what too many people thought was happening as it became too much smallpox smallpox, frontier invasion people being kidnapped and taken into canada or the barbary coast. in the invisible words --

world. later it became painfully obvious to most people that it was not in the league of the devil. although a was against puritan doctrine and they were too strong but some were too common to the english culture but what they did that my mother did it and my grandmother didn't. full chromatic included charms to ward away the evil magic. that is what they had in mind with the which take it intended to reveal the culprit with the anecdote to evil to only inflame the rising panic.

>> and with the fact he intended to ward off evil. alert to discern the future. exasperated ministers said they found it more than once the good spirit was not such a way but even if it did work humans lack the ability to do these. it was the work of the devils they argued. seem long they seemingly harmless tricks that they found themselves pulled in

tighter and tighter. their own weaknesses were trapped most people assumed it would not happen to them. and the magistrates certainly thought they knew what they we're doing and what was happening before their lives. some have suspicions that extended in 6092 to another generation. those had to cut debt goods to prosecute to show the seriousness of the charge. order nearly ministers recommended the examination. a sometimes magistrates but also old friend to

defamation very english his mother had successfully sued them but little bit during that time was ordinary. between 60 and 308 and 6091 were accused of witchcraft as a whole. they ended it sought after crop failure of or illness or death even the death of family members including children. a number of those suspects were suspicious but the families both believed project was possessed. some of the accused were in the court more than once.

121 involving 85 women and of the 121 cases 38 slander against the accusers and most of them one. it resulted in 17 executions with three guilty verdicts the little about the panic was ordinary. but those convulsing and the public courtroom themselves to be a public you emergency at first it appeared to too many to take over new england is what he aspired to do but unlike other such

outburst the panic spread at 22 others from aids through new york in drag dawn to the drought ridden summer surfacing after every arrest. at least five were suspected of which crafted massachusetts in did addition three added six of seven of the afflicted actually died involving the suspicious. suspicious. over 250 people signed petitions it even more made statements but they stuck up

there and back. trying 52 defendants 30 were found guilty of the charges and paying to 19 including bridget bishop. the majority of the trials of occurred monday already subsided by aid accords but most of the trials were held with the capital crimes with the governor's council of the higher court of 1682. into the jails those three counties. those that convened in salem. is to bring so many suspects and witnesses.

those considering mostly the same judgment. and then only three or found guilty and from middlesex county from boston nobody was found guilty in either of those. only the third time in the history of witchcraft but the tragedy is too often remembered symbolic of the misery of a stereotype of how other people in other areas not like fisheye the samples. but that is just the statistics.

but to realize the tragedy. real living individuals. before the time when everything seemed to go wrong. despite the intervening centuries looking through their eyes what was it like to be convinced invisible evil was a lie if the person that you had never liked those that word deliberately toward sharing or killing your own children or even in your own mother with magic but what was like to be accused that was not true?

why was it like to be accused of a crime wintery give you had done something wrong? it was so easy to do the devil's work what if your brother or sister was accused of a horrible crime and other people did not believe the accusation. but what about not recognizing before it was recognizing before it was gone? how would i or a device reactivate comparable situation? so that is the talk. >> and i would like to read a second from the book. it is factual in dieback up everything that i can ince see if you agree.

but i preface around the fictionalized part of what it must of the night with the viewpoints in with like to read the part of june june 10th 6092. the chip eppley dash bridge a bishop has passed the day of her trial tomorrow she would hang. if she wants to settle her soul this is the time. she did nicely. but just here in the beginning made her dizzy and

then became one real. it had then taken to do with her bare yet she understood the words of what they meant. all those so-called witnesses coming in out of the woodwork. with their own unfounded suppositions. some of those tried to console her. but then the gods come for her. bridget takes a last look at the room to and walks to the door. they and what did remove her shackles. it feels wonderful even if it is a step closer to death. then they lifter up. the sheriff is mounted they

try to a formal end official as some of them look nervous for:i'm about to die and they look nervous? clicking on the side of the courage to be sure she is widowed. the gate swings open but that it creeks into motion into the prison yard industry. doesn't anyone work? but then bridget and scans the crowd for a sympathetic face but she cannot find any.

where is the husband of hers? she does not want her child to see her. she wants a last look at her daughter granddaughter. what sort of future does the child's face beamed from margaret bewitches craft? southwest on the peninsula no crashing be in this time. both been in boston and now with the legislature. but a familiar couple for what they consider justice done. did they think they're the only family to suffer such a

loss? she thinks of her granddaughter and what is about to happen. the afflicted girls there but not miss the chance that the cat lurches right in the heads down hill. how far the kgb? she wishes it would end but she knows that her life will end first but yet as they go down the stream down the steep hill puts fresh water into the water were though water in the harbor into the sea beyond now crossing the swampy ground over the bridge with the road rises again. they had taken this way

before but this time they were shouting orders then they turn up to the cob and pasture thing hanging in rates there punditry they get her up on to the rounds of the matter she struggles not to trip on her petticoat she looks over the sea of faces beyond them the sun glitters on the cart as the crowd looks over the of a sideline highlighting the roof of the town beyond. one of the other men ties the cord around her legs. modesty. also go kicking.

and he is a sheriff is reading the death warrant. bridget bishop wife of edward bishop of salem here before the associate judges of the court said indicted and arranged of using a practicing and exercising witchcraft upon the other bodies of missing the limit of the salem digit -- village what better nonsense she thinks anything but wasted and consumed now keying and cleve over england giving you the order to proceed between the hour of eight trantwelve to take

her from the jail to the place of execution in to be gained by the neck until she is dead. then somebody else was talking. the ministers to her look like those but the onlookers seemed disgusted by the official prayer one smirks in rolls his eyes in this tranquil san shrieks punctuates the prayer to young women who were old enough to know better what is on the ground rolling in the dust jake tibbetts clubbing her with a walking stick the other is present

to support and then jacobs body will they never quit the nonsense? then something drives over her head he is on the latter beside her he secures the not tightly behind her neck she steals the colts what as she tamps down the rising panic issue will not give them the satisfaction she will not cry or act the fool she hears the gulf cry as the people hush in anticipation to see the flash of the white wings of the distant birds than that bag is down over her face stifling her breath a slate clean of daylight a man said by a voice barks of order

before she could figure out what he said a terrible pressures slams into her throat and the base of first call dash there is nothing to hold on to shes hearings there and tries to kick her feet but there is nothing her head feels as if it will explode in the dark rushes to her she is vaguely aware of that paid and desperation she thinks the go. her consciousness is one great shout of no and then. thank you. [applause]

>> does anybody have a question and? what happens to the body? >> traditionally is left hanging as an example what a number of people's families traditionally took the body home to give them a decent burial we don't know exactly where that was or they may have been taken up by the family she was taken to her

property and george jacobs to his bet there were fights from the families after words how the ancestors were treated in their no complaints of how the bodies were disposed of. i don't how can you speak to the legislature 17 '06 began its effort to pardon? >> after seeing this cool down and people would talk about it some who were found guilty but not hain't there would have been more but october was a quiet month that year. [laughter] they put everything on hold to get word from england what to do about it.

then after that nobody else was paying to but people who did survive those that had the guilty verdict they would petition the legislature to have the name cleared so there would not be schaede associated so finally said government reversed the attainder to clear the names of those repetition to some people were left out because they did not petition and shortly after that there was the committee to make monetary restitution legal those who had suffered reimbursing for the jail bills and fingers like that. >> were there any

repercussions or 80 punishment? today it is a different situation that they had to know if they're not telling the truth said it would prompt their own conscience? >> most of them they had convinced themselves but massachusetts as a whole 6097 had a public fast they were people attend services as the a public apology for whatever has gone wrong witchcraft was one of the things they were apologizing for they did not really want to talk about it. and samuel who was one of the judge's his minister

read a specific personal apology from him. a number of fed jurors said they were really sorry but it was the information that they had at the time they did not think so. they tried to apologize to the family but it was to legal too late but there must have spent a lot of bad neighborhood feelings going down several generations. >> was interested in your recounting that you did not say anything about her face your feelings about god and was that a deliberate

decision on your part in what you know, about the faith of the victim? >> i am not sure what bridget thought i know rebecca was a fully communed member of the church she knew she was innocent. all of them would not lie because they knew it wasn't true but you were not supposed to do you should not die with allied pretending something that was not true so even though that a full member of the church but they would refuse to lie so that right there shows some fortitude of their faith.

>> the trial somehow caught fire people thought the witches were burnt but they were paying to one individual was pressed to death how did it take fire so fast? and it ended quite abruptly what caused that and so quickly? >> it was a perfect storm of things going wrong at the same time. like a war with france a and canada was invading the government was in disarray. [laughter] they did not have the legal government said then they got their due charter from

government said they had to rewrite the law to conform with the english law. but it was neighborhood animosity with ever of the economic and the war and i cannot say what specifically but everything seemed to prove the worst fears one of the suspects started to confess there of their which is out there people would say now who do i go? into was scared into confessing somebody said dave remember hearing they

do that they had confessed it was wrong so they were scared. and they said there are witches out there but and that was a bad month of september. of the families of the accused for the most part. then the other side started to be heard they put everything on hold in october then resumed in the winter because the jail was so full that at that time is somebody said they see somebody spirit torture in the and somebody said i see that all so now that is not

evidence because the devil can make you think that. >> kate you talk about the reason for choosing these six women specifically? work you found those while doing other research? >> there is a lot of back story to them genealogical information so you know, what they we're doing before although except for what she says during the trial and she says a lot. [laughter] but you get the back story so they have lives before

for what they could see real >> what happened after the hysteria? >> she is in jail for one year and one day. the parents who owned her did not want her back it was embarrassing he did not want her back and whoever pays the jail bill and somebody brought her we don't know who but presumably somebody from eastern massachusetts because and early chronicler

said she made some statements and she said that after the trial. >> you cite a lot of sources. but the belief out there a lot of the accusations is due to the financial gain what area thoughts? >> the idea if you accuse somebody that is not true. there are not immediate bayou to gains but the compensation but the court fees soon bet jail bills the

possessions of the convicted felon not of the descendants of the government could take there share of what is owed to them but if you do the witchcraft you will not get the form. [laughter] >> you said the evidence was not traditionally but yet the court was using it how did they get away with that? >> the unusual thing about salem is those witnesses that were tortured by the visible entities of the witches invisible spirit

departing from the witches body would they your soul would step out to smack somebody around and then to rue corroborate with each other and then in the bible raised by a medium this was not a real one. but would not do that either from the beginning.

>> of the six who were your favorite to right? >> in putnam and ginger. think you so much. [applause] the author of "enemies within." mr. apuzzo, what does the n.y.p.d. intel? >> guest: it's >> what is the n.y.p.d. untingl unit?el >> nothing else that exist kel in america.ner at the

afternoon 11 the new policeov commissioner ray kelly decided he could not rely on the federal government to vision keep the city safe and he needed his own intelligencerdedy division. de he recruited a guy to go run w basiintelligence division the former deputy director of operations for the iry.p.d.. been in et just like that of the movie in retirement recruited out of t of retirement and nobody teops to ask the questionlots aa why retaking somebody fromn't the cia and putting themh is tho inside? lith the only function torel uphold the law it washey sa american policing you willmaki not focus on solving crimes are making cases but just tomi

gather intelligence as the mideast cia on the hudson that we never under -- toa understood the significance the of the day to collect at thetwor night 11 hijackers portfolio files and they look for notid us commonalities that weea noticed this along the way so they created a team ofd the plain coat detectives of arabho descent and sent themical out to the neighborhood to write down what they heard or coffee shops sir does the moroccan get his hair cut?what s where do they watch soccer?

they had a gigantic ethnicha map of the city. it was the extremely secret >> program. >> host: was the >> g successful to routes out the terrorist?ed >> would get the moast said plot ined terrorist the your city in 9/11.tion, a would've the top deputies to hatched the plan toin bombardiers city subway what we found as it is unfoldst pr theog n.y.p.d. has 1 millionopps opportunities to catch them mo but at every turn thefai program fails. he is the actual antagonist a kid, an afghan american, a

af westernized kid coming supported the invasion of afghanistan but like a lotop ouf of kids who fall out of this, system dropped out of ice --tlet high-school becamehe disenchanted with a littleby preach bit eight agree you enter into the internet and weree radicalized. he became convinced like the russians before us we weres occupied air is a unit innovatos invaders and they decidedey sait they would go fight with the taliban. boug so what did they do?stano f they just bought planethe tickets b to pakistan if we king get across the border we will hookup but they had divisions of grander.ntierf

we will be taliban general's dn then they stumble around looking but who finds themthe but al qaeda? through the network of secret operations the book shows how they stumble into the clutches of al qaeda in their trade for the suicide de mission by a bond with osamare t bin lot been top deputies. their trade in back to bet --a activated taught to make the extremely devastating bomb the you return to the united states and build it and it is a 48 hour race inside the york city to prevent the bomb. >> host: was the n.y.p.d.

intel aware prior to afghanistan? >>.o, he i no.en thece intelligence divisionike had the huge programs to infiltrate the mosque in g infiltratedr the co-conspirators to do groups all the restaurants in the neighborhood even to the live ymca down where he had lived beme they were all intended toa catch somebody like this the before they became aryt terrorist you and they failed every turn that meanwhile this machine is peopl generating huge amounts of information.

two people were talking add about of coffee shop but they thought about thee "state of the union" the event to people at a m barbershop discussing muslimhere pe attire that goes into the police file.tu where people watch cricket it had a huge amount of data but they did not catch a. there was a process in place and hopefully we leaveyou american jews with a sense of with the help a lot ofch zazi what failed solid 9/11 did work in the end. bu we know the subway did not blow up but we were lucky e cause we got to talk to the cia and fbi and n.y.p.d. people on the ground. >> host: so there was a lot of coordination or the on

cooperation? >> the only reason is thathi trying to have that second to component that led to aened of who ca n vote and they found the offer to addresstorg e passing it to the nsa that with to monitor then as soon as a cave in from the united states to that address they patched the cia to the fbi to the n.y.p.d. to where they're living that happened in rapid succession and forgoode the cooperation post 9/11

and to the police tactics for so many decades that have come under scrutiny in people think it doesn't work to fight terrorism likey mar reading the miranda rights were questioning over longe kinf periods of time. work but in the end we dided guant bandied secret prisons are guantanamo bay but it worked in the end of a smart policing to keep americacords? safe. >> however you able to keep access?s .> for about 18 monthson t n.y.d through early 2013 we were of

pe reporting for the associatedn.y press in reid met dozens ofre tr people who were willing to reald share their stories and provide documents how thise intelligence division with in the intrusiveness andto cllec intimacy and then we had people from law enforcement end those that help to crack wow the case were those that we do professionally.zo coes >> the first call comes fromliss vermont. >> caller: i am wonderingto about your background i justal.

think it is so unusual. >>. premed stent >> guest: i am what happens if you are thei a premed student death fails chemistry. i was i went to a wonderful liberal arts school in a t biology major i did not go to medical school i worked with the local paper and had my basic reporting jobshe there and then worked my wayob up. i id no it wast on-the-job learning i did not go to school for is da this.is proam [laughter] >> host: is this program is stil growing?th >>e david:the deputy director

is still of the job with the ton n.y.p.d.. he has gotten the ncaa to send an active duty california officers to york to help him build theix programs. thec architect of the. demographic unit, that was an active duty officer named sanchez another c unprecedented group the seeectin a shift not i direct that from the united states but therred lines are blurred and that is what happened after we cia started to report in 2011 then david petraeus decided it did not look good to have the caa active duty sitting if e inside sowed doubt if they want to collaborate theyt be th have to do it through official channels.r twitter

>> host: we have a post on case the twitter page what do you think about the case that all you have reported on? who is that? >> the scientist who was an about to be charged in the 2011 anthrax killing but took his own life before here and. likeink the fbi feels they have their man and certainly a lot of the reason isxplanation because there is no betterst planation the evidence is circumstantial but there is a lot of cikrcumstantialink evidence against him. ideas the the best argumentyearg they don't have the right man is for many years theyfo thought theyr had the right beig we are before but haddone done a

stephen hatfield taken hisay. own life i think they wouldfo say we are done but unfortunately he took hisms in h own life had problems in andmy never went to trial but ithad ea would have been good forthe evid everybody to see the evidence thank get some closureho because there are some that will never believe he was the killer.aqua. >> host: the next call comes from wisconsin.ood rd caller: to what extentstate o did public record play in to your reporting on this issue ?.p.d. >> none whatsoever because the n.y.p.d. basicallyas ignores open records on a regular basis. the new york publicrrie

advocates scorers the n.y.p.d. as terrible you cannot get a police report or a mug shot or the nine on one call. they have a little press room called the shack fell.d. wt have phones on the desk theyortr pick up the phone in did all ratings they summarize thenewswh report is for youy. that they decide are newsworthy it isch ms the accrete -- incredible to media machine that makes the hard to question mark you are getting.hing caln.y.p. the n.y.p.d. created out ofrets. thin air called n.y.p.d. secrets but that has a force of law of somebody writingies. no girls allowed of the tree d.use.n.p. itey just made it up. does not mean anything butn't g there'ill mike review theints.

documents know lot to say that but they just did it.eye tg >> host: how do they getca away without releasing 911 uest calls? > nobody questions them i guess? it takes money you and time to fight back in and they are smart most of the job is by to cover our day to day itrelyne incentivizes people to make waves when you rely on the n.y.p.d. essentially for d almost everything you docity every day.dering hthis >> host: and the york city go ahead. >> caller: how was this que funded?ea. >> guest: that intelligence sincet then 11s

most of that comes from thee city council which has never held a hearing to what thethe fy intelligence division does and had no idea about the files they were building for people in the surveillancewhite programs the money comesanti-dgn from the white house through the anti-drug grant to help pay for the cars and computers.departmewhic lot of the money comes from the department of romance security but they say we have no ability to question whether the programs our effective or how they >>ost: matt hey are too intrusive. >> host: we began thee conversation are they stillg soe going o on in is there a senseey of paranoia? th >> one of the most creative things the n.y.p.d. did isne

they would send the four men moe into a moscow you invite -- yo files w sinden the informant you can only keep in the file with the person you are investigating says but theyinvey created the investigatory class were basically theyg terre ,aid we believe a group of group people plot terrorism we can investigate as a group solea do they took the label mos terrorism enterprising andnyb applied it to one dozenat mosques now if anybody shows up is subject of might investigation to set up theybodh license plateo readers theyde have a secret recording m device because of the mosque the he enterprise than anybody that goes there isnd fair game of course, there t

has never been that terrorism enterprise case but it is a great way tohescit keep the intelligence pipeline coming in and.intellige >> host: it is the intel unit? >> the idea of intelligence led policet seeing is the idea of what thee the way the intelligence tells us but. nobody tells us the way theyt eb have done it because it is s twice the size of the fbi. mnpo there is none in the cuntry that has the manpower ofthey 35,000 people to create this unit and they have the political will.ress, nascar testifying before congressn. and asked how the n.y.p.d. did counterterrorism they that said if off legal launder look at activities in force

by the fourth amendment wee have to start looking asit through a lens of the wai coecursor to the terrorismon. nobody said every interprets ame constitution? there really is a fundamental shift of american policing that theains v workers have given them the cover the counterterrorism refortst surveyed popular. >> host: talking to the author co-written with adam goldman enemies within. . .

from cabdriver to community organizer to leading the charge for immigration reform in the u.s. house of representatives. the program is about an hour. >> host: congressman, good to see you. let's have a conversation between two puerto ricans, a liberal and conservative. we share a love for immigrants