ryan searches i don't know. it's one of those things. that really larger than life issue. he had an enormous capacity for life, for living in. i think that he didn't understand the strength of that he had until he had to go through this ordeal. that is how he learned about himself. i will say that his mother, sara delano roosevelt was also

extraordinary and believed in him and that he was going to be a great man from the beginning. he has gotten some bad press. in the biography she doesn't show up well you don't want her to your mother-in-law for sure. a very difficult. ultimately people are unfathomable but i do think that he's in a wonderful relationship with his father that was much older than his mother and became something of an invalid himself when franklin was still a kid

and was his mother that was the driving force. was a terrific family. his uncle, one of sarah's brothers was a terrific guy that played in the business of finding fdr was somebody who became a kind of father figure after his own father died. so there were lots of good people around fdr but ultimately where do these figures come from, lincoln and washington.

she asked where my interest in fdr came from. it's partly the talks that my grandmother had with me. in the books i'm always kind of reaching back into my childhood for things fascinated me. i wrote about the new pile of i think because world war ii had just been in the air when i was a kid. and somehow the roosevelts i fell in love with the path when i was yondah. and somehow they represented a fascinating period pity and i knew that they had been around just before i was born of my grandparents use and time and there's something in there that you're not to be part of about. the craziest recollection comes back to me.

it wouldn't cover -- would uncover drawers. it's a left of the drawers filled with old things of her father's -- it seems far-fetched but i'm telling you that is what really lies behind the kid that is interested in history and then gets older and decides he wants to live and not world. i think that's what it is. with every book, you look for a time in this era of the past and get to know what it was like. it is a longing to go back. and for me this amazing character, this combination of this medical thriller and this

political thriller and this mysterious figure at the center of it, that's what got me interested in even though it took me longer than i wanted it to, i loved living with the roosevelts for these past few years. i don't want to keep you on a rainy night. thank you for having me. [applause]

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♪ >> welcome to colombia on book tv located at the south end of the town the city is known for its rich maritime history and being the seat of the state government. >> the original residents were the indian population, the tribal nation, the first british explorer came here in 1792 and got to george vancouver for whom it is named. the territorial collection gives you a peek into the first thing that people in the state has been particularly olympia were pulling off the shelves and reading when they came here because this was one of the first public library is in washington. this is where people who lived in the olympia came to grab a book.

when our nation was founded in 1776, only 16 years later for the first explorers exploring the sound, so the shipping and the explanation was going on very quickly after we became a nation and of course even before. the original residents were the indian population, the tribal nations that were here and the first british explorers came here. captain george vancouver and the lieutenant for whom the sound is named. so it was a very important area for the settlement, for trade,

and for the establishment of the ports trading by the british and the hudson bay company. in the late 1800's and the mid-1800s, we became one of the offshoots of the gold rush in california in 1849. many of the activities that happen here and in seattle and the sound or basically spinoffs from the gold rush of 1849. a lot of the shipping and the ships that came from the atlantic coast and the pacific coast to bring the gold miners and people that are going to find their portraits eventually came north with cargo from here. then we had another gold rush in alaska in 1897 commesso another influx of people came to the area in the pacific northwest and helped washington state to grow and become the great port

nation in the maritime state that it is today for the pacific rim cargo activities and other kinds of maritime. >> i think one of the most interesting things is the transition between the age of the sale to the age of steam and diesel power petroleum powered ships, and that is a very important transition. it happened very rapidly. we have the ships for decades and years and years and then in the late 1800's with the advent of the steamship that transition became very rapid. once the steam engines became more powerful and smaller it was a major trend that happened very rapidly.

in fact one of the first to come to the sound area was owned by the hudson bay company and the interesting fact of that is the only way to get the ship here was not to use the steam engine, but to use the sale, so it sailed from england through the sound area. that's about a 16,000-mile voyage, but once it got here, the engine was hooked up, the paddle wheels attached to the size of the vessel and was then used to supply the various ports operated by the hudson bay company throughout so in the 1836 when it started and came here that was the first steamboat and cause a revolution and can rapidly after.

>> the first one was probably only 60 feet long and the ship's crew and nature. the big sailing ships were 150 feet long and then we got into the steamships which became 250 feet long. today the container ships that have come into seattle and tacoma and the other ports in the sound area summer 800 or 900 feet long and carry 20,000 containers. so the amount of cargo has changed and the maritime economy is a big part of the pacific northwest. the first maritime history of the pacific northwest was written in 1892. and then no further work was

done until 65. so i wanted a book that would be a brief overview of the history so i wrote a shorter smaller book of the pictorial history and i thought that more people would have access, more people would read and therefore the more important region would be more fully valued and would reach many more people. >> from the recent trip to columbia washington, learn about the litigation surrounding the pacific northwest habitat of the water bird. >> in 1999 it had already been listed as a threatened species in california, oregon and washington. scientists knew that because of its association with the mature large trees, red blood, the

spruce, western red sea, that association travels because it nests in the forest which is very unusual for the seabird and they were prized in the timber industry because they were very valuable, so that controversy wants the nest was discovered in 74 of the association and the old forest was set and then essentially the controversy began. >> it in habits the range of the pacific coast from the outer island in alaska south through british columbia, washington, oregon and a band of about 50 miles wide. it's a sea bird though so is that 90% of the time.

the bird is rabin size and it is the member of a family of birds that include birds like puffins and that people might be more familiar with. they do not build a nest and it's unique in the family in that it nests in trees so in this family of birds, you have birds that come inland in the summer, so they let off shore and then only in the summer do they come to land. they make nests on the open quote tops ambrose but no bird had a nest in a tree. they are small seabirds and the our heavy bodied and the flap their wings rapidly to keep their body afloat in the air.

they need to go from the ocean directly to their nest branch and making a landing. they really can't stop and start because it is so much effort to do that, so the need to find somewhere they can land to make essentially a high-speed kind of sellout landing on the branch that needs to be a wide branch. it means to be out of reach of predators' so you think what kind of trees have these out of the reach of predators well these are the mature along the coast and you also need a branch where you can lay an egg. it's the size of a marlin but it's a guess the size of a chicken and and you need a wide platform. it also doesn't have energy to come and build a nest. some of these are 30 miles inland so to build the mast would be exhausting so it uses what is on these branches are

the dust and the needles that fall from the upper branches of the tree so it would have a nice platform out of reach of predators on the ground and usually with a little bit of overhead cover some 120 or 150 feet up the tree and those are the mature trees that it finds these where it can raise its check. >> with the endangered species act, probably the most notable impact but is seen throughout the country is the northern spotted owl created on the plan but in addition to that, the lifting that came shortly after that had an impact mostly on the federal ground it has had some ownership and in the federal ownerships they are responsible for the recovery of the endangered species act and non-federal ownership is responsible for conservation, so

maintaining enough habitat so that the species can basically exist at the current level. >> historic the in the northwest and especially washington it's been a significant aspect of the economy and the support dating clear back into the early settlers coming into the northwest use the resources especially oftentimes used for the trees and sailing for sailing ships back in the 1800's so it's been around for a long time and has a fairly significant impact on the local community. it's washington's number two producer in the united states for lumber only behind or again so the northwest factor is pretty heavy on the production and impact of economic jobs.

the overall impact of both of the state and the local communities if you look at the forestry sector as a whole it's the whole aspect of the management and tending the trees after the harvest. they looked up 2% of the wages in washington that are paid for out of the forestry sector and when we talk about the communities that are left to 5% so it's a significant impact and a lot of the communities in the state have been based on timber so the reductions and those type of things have been a significant impact. >> the kind of started from the get go but in the last year, 2013, the court cases in washington involved a 12,000-acre parcel of the

department of natural resources forest land that was up four blogging except for the fact that the department of natural resources has no permanent long-term conservation plan which is a requirement, so the litigation involved basically curtailing or stopping blogging entel the department of natural resources has a long term conservation plan and that is now being developed. they've been operating under an interim plan since 1997 because they didn't know enough about the marbled murrelet. the plan is now quite over do so the decision in this particular case in the king county superior court was to determine that the department of natural resources had to stop its logging or not proceed until let had a long-term conservation plan

which is great for that 12,000 acres. elsewhere, the industry is persistent to remove sections of the population and also it is a sort of layer of protection for the bird and in the federal district court in washington, d.c. the decisions favored the conservation groups and fish and wildlife service said the critical habitat protection has remained in place and it is still listed all segments of the population in washington, oregon and california remains as a listed species which means they will continue to have the protection they need

>> the world demand for forest products it's a challenging issue to meet those demands for the board product swa also meeting the other demands of the natural environment. i think for anybody that is outside of the pacific northwest it's a very complex issue that we truly don't know a lot about the biology of the bird. there is becoming more and more research on it but that is relatively recent and to keep in mind an understanding of the impact this is an issue that is going on in an area of the country that produces the state's lumber so it impact

everybody. when you go to your local hardware store to buy a to buy for it is a national economy that these products move great distances and so being able to realize this is not just a northern california issue it is an issue that has the potential impact across the country. >> our state is definitely split on the issue because we do have a lot of timber industries as a major part of our economy in washington state and we also have a lot of people interested in the conservation and people are drawn to washington state because we have these wild places and these mature forests where you can get lost and you can discover things and that's a very attractive to people coming into the pacific northwest but to preserve that and to keep that sort of the iconic species,

the salmon, the spotted owl will take collaboration between all these groups to have this be a long-term viable sustainable forest. >> while visiting a lynndie of washington with the help of our partner comcast book tv took a tour of the collection of the washington state library. espinel krin the special collections librarian for the state of washington, and we are here at the state library in washington. today i'm going to show you the original territorial collection which was brought in october and was selected by pierre original the first territorial governor of washington.

stevens was born in each team each team on the east coast to a fairly prominent family over there and then was appointed in 1853a by the governor of the territory. so this is where we house to the collection. it is a very secure fire her group fault and i will take you in their right now. this is what remains of the state library of the territorial collection. these volumes were selected between 1853 to 1857 many of them personally selected by governor stevens. if not, he was at least the final word on the selections,

and it's a very diverse offering of materials and covers many foreign languages. we have things that are written in german and dutch and latin and italian. there's histories, discoveries and voyages, encyclopedias, philosophy, poetry, you will find shakespearean also political papers such as the works of the presidents up to that date and of other political figures. so his goal he was a well read individual with multiple language skills and his feeling was that the best way to establish the legislative body was to have them to be a well read group by the standards of

that time and so he collected a lot of these materials from london and new york booksellers. and of the original collection that came around from the east coast to olympia, there's about 900 titles remaining. a lot of people ask what the oldest item in the collection is and that distinction belongs to this. it is 1524, and i probably butchered the pronunciation but it is the second letter. this is the first edition of the second letter of hernando cortes

and it describes the conquest of mexico and pretty good detail. the first letter has been lost in time and this is actually bound with an appendix which describes the first letter said this essentially covers the first correspondent and this is a more modern binding and probably dates to the 1900's and the text inside is definitely from that era and was written in 1524. another volume that may be of interest to people of this is the work on the dutch east indies and west indies company.

simon is considered to have perfected the art, and it was published in 1682 and it is chock full of beautiful illustrations and good maps. a lot of what we have in the collection are maps that pertain to the history of the pacific northwest and the western expansion and a beautiful binding. the more current at the time that he purchased the collection is this book which is patrick journal of the lewis and clark expedition and he was an

enlisted man who didn't learn to read or write until he was in his 20s but in the discovery he was promoted the sergeant and he kept this a journal which actually ends up being the first published work on the lewis and clark expedition for the public consumption. he tried to keep it from being published but they had editing compilation issues going on and of course the issues with meriwether lewis mental state probably had some bearing upon it but this cannot in 1807 and this is the first edition. what's nice about it is that it is written in a very easy reading style in laymen's terms good storytelling. so for a lot of people, this was the version of the expedition

they came up with. it's important to see what was on the mind of the people organizing the government. this is just one special collection among many but this one has that primary importance of sort of showing what outside of just the political concerns what is of interest to the lawmakers of that time and of the governor himself, who is the polarizing figure. he conducted ten indian treaties in 13 months. some say maybe he to get advantage of that situation.

some would still argue a lot of the things that are contained in those including fishing rights. he gives you a piece of his mind as an intellectual and as the reader and a politician. it gives you a peek into the first thing the people in this state were pulling off the shelves and reading when they came here because this was one of the first public libraries. this library was the first that had the first level of public access and the library came after us. but yes this is where people that lived in the olympia came to grab the book. it is open to the public and it is not a circulating collection it is a special collection and we have special desks for people who want to come visit the

reading rooms they can come to the second floor and request materials from here. it is a monitor the desk so it is a secure collection, but it is the library of the people of the state of washington and it's meant to be used for research purposes and for learning about the pacific northwest, so we encourage people to come in and depending on the condition and material and we may have different restrictions on the material regarding making copies were handling for but overall if you make a request we would be happy to fulfill it. >> at next, sr martin jr recounts the 1940's and compares his experiences growing up with those of his relatives who were made in the south. mr. martin spoke during the recent trip to columbia

washington. i grew up in moderate california having been arrived at other places first guess that's where i grew up. i was probably between three and four when we moved to texas and i remember some of that trip, and i remember a great deal about where we went and what we did. we went first to wyoming, and we stayed there probably a little over a year then we moved to

billings montana where i started school i was between five and six in fact i started school at six. so in a span of roughly four years we were really on the move as the title of the book suggests. we moved from fort worth for a couple of different reasons. one was economics. we are talking about 1938, 39, and despite the fact that it was so caught over in the

interregnum between the world war, black people were not doing all that well economically. my dad was earning $13 a week and one of the stories is that my mom went to her mother and do you think we will manage this new couple on the salary of $14 a week because that sounded pretty good to her. another driver, it wasn't comfortable in a lot of ways in fact i tell a story in the book about how my parents were

discriminated against and harassed. my dad was hauled off to town to jail. they harassed him by threatening to try him. if the tried and true race issue and this was not true of course. lobeline they claimed had been insulted by my father said no this is the guy, this is somebody i've never seen before. they took whatever money my dad had and put him out on the street.

another thing was that my dad's brother had run away to wyoming and he had been gone from fort worth to about four years. nobody heard from him he wrote a post card back to my dad saying come back here. i will get you a job on this ranch where i work. so my dad being good friends with his older brother said this sounds like a good deal i think i will go out there and be a cowboy, too. so they packed up me and my brother and headed to wyoming. and later i think in 1938 all these things tended to sort of coalesce at the one point and

opportunity knocked. i told my students i was the only black man in america qualified to be president because i had a log cabin experience. and i said that because we in fact did leave them a log cabin outside of the island. my father worked shining shoes and in a car dealership, he worked in the bakery, and he was able to make a living doing this kind of stuff. at the same time, we lived a lot of the land. we had a garden, we raised

critters. my father hunted and fished, so we ate wild game and wild fish. and we made life. on the social side, there was discrimination but not so much into was entitled to think because nobody loved anybody any more no less and everybody there they didn't struggle to make life so you don't have much time or energy to be struggling about race. on the social and, my parents who are deeply religious. part of why we ultimately left.

he was becoming a minister and if they wanted to fire their pastor and have my dad become their pastor and neither was ready for that for a young black preacher from texas to take over a white congregation with wyoming. so they ran and they ended up in billings montana where he started a congregation and of

the folks in the congregation, so it was a very mixed kind of world. and that i think is one of the thing that distinguishes racial life in the west. that is to say folks have to get along with each other because that's who's there. folks go to church together and that kind of stuff. so people got to places and did things that might not have happened in georgia or wherever. i remember when we went to the radio and as we went through the audience where we were going to

set to watch the show people started making remarks and i remember my parents being very uptight and very angry at this kind of behavior because it wasn't uncommon for whites to be fairly direct and open, stay in school. i experienced an exceedingly painful racial experience. i got to school and when the teacher asked us who could read i raised my hand i was the only kid who did triet i was the only kid who knew how to read

already. i didn't know we and i still don't. all i know is that i read. that teacher punished me because i knew how to read and couldn't explain how i had learned at and as i said she made me sit in the back of a class. i was old enough by then, five or 6-years-old i can remember quite distinctly what aspects of life were comfortable and which ones weren't. there may have that aspect of

life that were segregated but i didn't see at. i never had a sense that we have to live in any particular place based on race. that was in san francisco. they came to town and willy mayes tried to buy a house near where my grandfather lived and they wouldn't sell it to him and you know, this and as that. so it was there that i first saw segregation. ironically i should have seen it in the church and the fact of

the church had so few folks of color. in billings we saw the next door neighbors were indians and folks that came to my dad's church, so there was a much clearer mixture that is part of what distinguishes western life for me, and that is in the last 20 years i could go to places in the south and midwest and in the

east even the and not have to deal with people very often. i would see them in the distance and i would know that they are there but they didn't have to deal with them. i could live in the world that had everything i needed and that didn't require me to interact much with other than black folks. that is impossible out here. there may be some areas and los angeles. you take them as they come.

and it's easy to start to see that. my mother's aunt's husband was dying and they wanted us to see him. they sent us to fort worth to visit and we went down on the train and they are based with the trade book the tickets and they never had to deal when it came time to.

they went over the seats were designated on the tickets. my brother was about 12 and we sat down. he said this person over here told us this is where we are supposed to get our tickets. he said there has been a mistake. you're not supposed to be here and he sent us to a segregated car and we rode out to el paso from fort worth. he went straight down to the station, negotiated with these

folks and he got some of his money back and had a written and the policy but we've had the experience. so he didn't go to the folks that sold tickets and in texas a conductor that moved us out of the integrated cars was white but the move us away from the integration into segregation. as we have those kind of experience is both in the west where we left. i mean literally thousands and

thousands came. i don't think that many folks took the kind of fortuitous route that we took, and i don't think that many folks did it when we did it. i think my parents were a little bit ahead of buck off waves of migration between the war and i think that after we were here in the west we could see huge numbers of black folks. when we came to this town, the first day that i was in this town i stopped at an intersection at the corner of fifth and capital for a signal light. some younger guys drove by e. annie picked up and saw me sitting there in this little volkswagen and he shot out the window go home.

we know where they are. it was unusual to see but we are talking 1970 and in that 47 years between then and now there are so many that have come to this town, so many folks particularly southeast asians and indians were already here. it was clear that the waves of migration had continued and have made the region in the area much more diverse than it was. i think that if my book is at all successful, what it will do

is demonstrate the general through the particular in other words, the individual experience represent black experience in america written small, and by looking at a small picture, one can infer things about the bigger one. so i'm hoping as folks read this book they will come to understand how this single-family in the various branches and offshoots represent a much bigger and more focused.

>> next from their recent trip to olivia washington. jack talks about the life of david douglas, the namesake for the douglas fir trade. >> finally in olympia washington we visited the capitol museum. there in the museum's replica, david douglas workroom we spoke with jack, author of the collector. >> he was a scottish qaeda of modern means in a little village north who was terrible that school and that led him to this pass that put him on to the plant world. he was sent here in 182520 years after lewis and clark. the only people who had been here since were from europe and they were fur trade. few americans but british and canadian fur trade so the

company is the northwest and the american company called the pacific fur company but they all been amalgamated out in the companies, so the owned the whole place so it was a very closed system. they didn't want people snooping around on the fur trade payroll to come in. but the boundary settlement is coming up in the way the rules of imperialism are plate so they let douglas and to collect natural history for and think about what its use is could be like commercial timber and like gardening plants. there's a lot of money made in the british empire by china and south america and selling them back to people whose gardens are like the ones douglas worked on when he was a kid so she's in that world and he understands it

and he knows there's a lot of beautiful plants that are going to work and that turns out to be very true. like any, he was fixated with the curtain to the co certain things and he would be crazy about this and when he's here he named 15 different ones which are a beautiful ornamental plant which many of the names are a popular ornamental plant in the in the glass case behind you he began his skill to keep things alive. so he gets the valuable feedback to england and they plant them on the horticulture society they are paying him to come here and they have a gardening grounds and then they have a little magazine on the botanical register and they get them to do pictures of them.

certainly the three named after him is a really important timber tree, probably the most important unless you are talking about great britain and another one that he got to see in california. so each plant is a long story and often it starts with him because he can keep things alive. when he got here he composes a third or a half of the coastal rain and they are a lot of really fascinating other trees, but he recognizes that the wood has particular qualities because while he's here the building across from portland. he wants to build right here to north columbia. so it's a very funny learning curve that he is on, but the

qualities are what's important in the timber industry and he has a range of qualities that make it really useful and will grow in a variety of habitats. he sees it in the rain forest, he sees it in washington where it rains 14 inches and it looks different but it's the same species of tree so it becomes a special things. he writes at an astonishing paper called some american pines ..

called the name that we call it now, but it is interesting name because archibald mendez is a wonderful scottish mentor of douglas who was which john vancouver's voice who told him what to look for. the latin name, douglas. he tried to do things like that. i would argue the past we have been on studying him, he is just a visitor and is getting into this amazing world landscape that he sees as amazing and the people who helped him understand

it, the tribal people, their work says a lot more meeting after some guy from england. the naming part is interesting especially when he sends the noble fir back and says it will be a 1-man tree makes sure to put the lower portion of words that that 3. if you were a spokane lady cooking some root end he has a tribal name for it that you still use that is a deep connection. makes him look, has a lot of balls. he is an interesting guy, wildly enthusiastic to the point where he rubbed some people wrong way. this is a very conservative society where people play their cards close to the vest, but he is among his piers. he makes a lot of close friends

and scottish guys in the fur trade. and ten more years the correspondence goes on ten years. at the same time there is a letter from another guy that he made some enemies in the northwest and he loses his temper, has health problems, flies off the handle as had been diagnosed by other people who study him as being manic depressive. i don't believe that. he reminds me a lot of naturalist's that i know who get excited about things and sometimes over do it and flag out after they have overdone it for a few days and do something else. he is quite charming in that way. there are great quotes about him. when he is back in london, a great time in his life because he is a stonemason, he is never

going to be able to rise, he doesn't have the genius to rise in a strict class society where you can be accepted by anybody. the dorr men were cultural study makes more money than he does and that bud amended but the lot of scottish people and british people who laughed at this time and come back. hard to come back so he comes back and sign the book contract and writes in his journal for a book and can't finish and does a dozen articles. jackson hooker who is a great mentor says i don't think i have never seen anyone as unhappy as mr. douglas with a pen in his hand and many of us including mr. douglas which he was back in north america collecting. that is perfect because a lot of british kids come apart and leave and rise to the level of

ability. he has some rough edges, has some drive, you can see where that comes from. >> again i have written two books about that, one is a basic biography going into all the fun and adventure and wackiness, i get finished with that but the more i talk to people, the more i realize the quarrel realize he is really important because the landscape i live in today which is still fascinating, you go through plant by plant, he starts that world. no one looked at it in the european sense and becomes and starts the clock ticking again from contact even though he is after contact the first that code of fis it and write it down, so that is the clock ticking from how the landscape

changed between the world before contact and the world we've in now 200 years later and that will tell you if you look at it carefully enough what it is going to be like 20 years from now. >> nick for booktv's trip to libya we bring you in interview with trova heffernan, author of "an election for the ages" about the 2004 washington gubernatorial race. >> in the state of washington, we have an election that the book says, election of the ages. it is the closest gubernatorial race percentagewise in the history of the united states of america. >> christine gregoire was a washington attorney general, very well known and dino rossi was a well-known legislator, chairman of the ways and means committee, and also, things got

really interesting during the primary. the primary was talked out by the courts so we had no legal primary in place and washington has a proud heritage of independence and voters cherish it and we were able to choose any candidate, the court throws out the primary and we end up with a different primary system that forced people, choose a party ballot and secretary of state sam reed fought successfully, a top two primary that is close to the old primary knowing what this heritage was and what voters wanted and would appreciate and it passed a gubernatorial veto. he had fought for something the voters wanted and in this end was charged as secretary of

state at the time to educate voters, the primary system that he opposed, his duty is to educate voters about the ballots they will see in this field primary and so people just came, the emotions were very dramatic and face started contacting our office, as they wrote e-mail's, 16,000 phone calls in a day or something, that doesn't happen on a daily basis with the secretary of state, they were offended that the right to vote for the person in the ballot were offended by the idea that they then had to choose one political party's ballot. we vote differently out west, they burn not used to it. i was sam's communications director in charge of public affairs and media. just involved in the education

campaign and media contact doing press releases. we wanted to be very transparent about with the public about the emotions involved and what was going on, so we saved and documented the e-mail messages and correspondence with the office and the press conference and we explained what was happening and why but from our perspective that was the start. it was a different elections cycle that meat from that point forward. >> on election night it was apparent it was going to be close. it was a surprise because the democrat, the attorney general was expected to win, and all of a sudden you saw this race coming closer and closer, voted by mail at that time. we were not going to know about

mail ballots. this time, all bits of mail by 2004 we had a mix of counties, some by mail. many voters did it just by choice so we end up with 60% of the people voting by mail and 40% at the polls late. at the conclusion of the original count, republican state senator dino rossi was certified by me to be governor of the state of washington. a margin of 260 points, it was just really unbelievable. our state as clear laws, had to have a recount automatically, that it was not going to be hand

recount but the machine, machinery counts a significant because the election workers go back, review all the ballots to make sure they are voted correctly and often find mistakes, ballots that have been damaged and need to be fixed. and discover some ballots were not even counted. it did change the outcome of the election down to the point that it became only a 46 vote margin by the time we finish the machinery counts. it is the republican state senator dino rossi and i certified him as governor but our laws again, the losing candidate to request a hand recount. they initially have to pay for it, the account reverses the race and not be reimbursed.

a recount by hand. in each of the 39 counties they organize themselves to go through each ballot one at time. also allows for very clear, the political parties had a right to have observers so they were there, plus we had tremendous news media scrutiny so they were there, and it ends up particularly for the larger counties to take weeks and it was just a pressure cooker in terms of what was going on. we were in a situation coming out of the 2000 presidential election, in florida there had been a recount and it was highly controversial and continued to

be controversial four years later, it was a republican secretary of state who was widely viewed as playing partisan politics and here i was as a republican secretary of state overseeing these recounts, so it set up a climate where voters of the state were very nervous, the democrats were nervous because it was a republican secretary of state and were immediately suspicious that i was going to play politics. the republicans were nervous because of how the race had signed and how the trend was going to in the direction towards the democrats and they were of course hoping i could do something so it set up a situation that was virtually one where i couldn't win one way or the other. first the democrats' suit me, it

went to the state supreme court because they thought my rules for the recount were not broad enough, they wanted more -- wanted to have the election people go back and re-examining, even rejected for lack of a signature on the ballots, i won the unanimous court decision so the democrats now are really a angry with me. however, this was during those recount and as the count was going on it all of a sudden look like the democrat was going to pull mahan and so the republicans had been with me the previous week of a sudden decided to sue me over the same issue because they wanted more ballots to be counted and i won a unanimous decision and they are mad at me. it was one of these that fits the old quote, lonely at the top, it was very lonely at the

top. with the hand recount as we level out it was very close, neck-and-neck, reporting, of votes were changing, they were looking at it separately and could see things the machine couldn't see. so we are getting right down towards the end and it was going to back and forth and in the final analysis the democrat, christine gregoire ended up winning the hand recount by 129 votes out of 2.9 million. that is 56, 10,000th of 1%. one of the most important lessons for the public was how important it is that you be very conscientious when you vote to actually follow the rules, find out what you need to do because while there were many mistakes

made by election board workers and staff, vastly more were made by the voters. they were supposed to fill in an oval, some would circle them or put a x next to them and the question is what does this mean? or they would use wrong kind of think that the machine couldn't read, forgot to -- a woman who changed their name, say they got married, didn't bother to change the voter registration so they signed with a different name and the election people are left saying this is the right person, they didn't change their address. response ability of citizenship and respect to the elections is extremely important in our democracy and i think this was a compelling lesson to people that they need to pay more attention, take their time, the conscientious and doing right. >> they are a very human