this is an issue that is going to in an area that produces the

top teams dates for lumber in the united states. so what effects and impacts everybody when you go to your local store to buy a two by four. these products move distances. beat able to realize this is a washing, oregon, is california issue. >> aristide is definitely split on the issue because we do have a lot of timber industries is a major part of our economy. people are drawn to washington state because we have these wild places in these old mature forests where you can get lost. you can hide. you can discover things and that is very, very checked it to people coming into the pacific

northwest. to preserve that keep the iconic forest, iconic species, cnn, with the collaboration between all these groups to have long term, viable, sustainable. >> while visiting olympia could washington with the help of her cable partner, comcast, but tv took a tour of the washington state library. >> main industry in two. on the pacific northwest and special collections library for the of washington. we are here at the state library in washington. today i'm going to show you the original territorial collection, which was brought here in october 1853 and was selected by the original first territorial governor of washington isaac ngo

stevens. stevens was worn in 1818 on the east coast to a fairly prominent family over there and then disappointing in 1853 as the governor of the territory. this is where he has a territorial collection is a very secure fireproof vault. i'm going to take you in there right now. this is what remains at the state library of the territorial collection. these volumes were selected between 1853 to 1857. many of the personally select it by governor stephen.

have not come he was at least the final word on the selections. it's a very diverse offering of materials. covers many foreign languages. we have, you know,'s rep german and dutch have not met italian. this history is, discoveries of voyages, encyclopedias, philosophy, poetry. also political papers. the president to that date and other political thinkers. he was a very well read individual with multiple language skills and his feeling was the best way to establish the legislative body was to have them be well read group by the

standards of that time. so he collected materials from london and new york booksellers and the original collection that came around from the east coast. there's about 900 titles remaining. a lot of people ask what the oldest item in the collection is. that distinction belongs to those who. 1524 click here for an indian. i probably butchered the

pronunciation. this is the first latin edition of the second platter of hernando cortez to king philip of spain and it describes the conquest of mexico in pretty good detail. the first letter has been found with an appendix, which describes the first letter said this essentially is the first to correspond. this is a more modern bride named to the 1900 with the text inside is definitely from that era. it was written in 1524. another volubly have the interest of people interested in the eye chains is this work on

the dutch east indies, west and east come to me. these plates are etched by simon devries, who is considered to have protect to the art and it was published in 1682 and it's full of beautiful illustrations. again, good maps. another thing we have a lot of in this collection are maps that pertained to the history of the pacific northwest and western expansion. the marker at the time he purchased the collection is this book, which is patrick gases stirred in all of the lewis and

clark expedition. patrick asked was an enlisted man who didn't learn to read or write until or write intuitiveness 20s because of a death in the core of the discovery he was promoted to sergeant and he kept this journal, which actually ends up being the first published work on the lewis and clark expedition for the public tension. lewis and clark try to keep it from being published before they were, but they had editing compilation issues going on. the issues probably had some bearing upon it. what's nice about it as it is in a very easy reading style, women's terms.

for a lot of people this was the reversion of the expedition they came up with at the time of those discoveries. after we separated from the oregon country or territory, it is important to see what was on my mind of people organizing the government. this is one special collection. this one has its primary import outside of both the political concerns of interest to lawmakers and of the governor himself who is a polarizing figure. he conducted 10 indian treaties in 13. some say he set advantage of the

situation. he gives you a peek into what was on his mind than intellectual and reader of politician. gives you a peek into the first thing we are pulling off the shelves and reading what they came here because this was one of the first public libraries in washington. this is the first at some level of public access. this is people who came to grab a book. it is open to public.

we have a special desk for people who want to come visit the reading room here. they can visit the second floor to request materials from here. it is a monitor tusked some, so it is a secure collection. but it is a library of the people of the state of washington. it is meant to be used for research purposes and learning about the pacific northwest. we encourage people to come. we may have different restrictions on the material regarding making copies or handling, but overall if you come in and make a request, we will be happy to do a filling. >> up next, s.r. martin junior recounts his family's migration from texas to california in the 1940s and compare his

experiences growing up with those of his relatives to remain in the south. mr. martin spoke during but to these recent trip to olympia, washington. >> were not to worry, 1935 in fort worth, texas. but i grew up in monterey, california. that is to say a group they are after we arrived having been from other places first. i was probably between three and four. and i remember some of that trip and i remember a great deal about where we went and what we did, it was like that. when we left texas, we went to wyoming and we stayed there for

probably a little over a year. that and we managed to montana, where i started the school. at that point areas between five and six. i started a school at 600 i went to kindergarten. and then to california in 1842. in monterey in 1843. stir in a span of roughly four years, suggests i'm sure the book suggests. we moved from fort worth to cody for a couple different reasons. one was economics. we are talking about 1938, 39

and despite the fact the depression was so called over and in the interregnum between the world wars, black people were doing all that well. when my parents got married at 1934, my dad was earning $14 a week. one of the stories was my mom went to her mother and said hey, it do you think will manage a seat in a couple on the salary of $14 a week because that sounded pretty good to her. see economics was one time i tried driver. the other driver was raised. one story i tell them the book

is about how my parents were discriminated against and harassed, which was a matter of course. my god, there is a road. my dad was hauled off to jail. they harassed him by threatening to assaulting a white woman. this is not true of course. by the time the woman they claimed had been assaulted by my father said no, this is the guy. somebody i've never seen before. they took whatever money and put

them on the street and made him walk back to his card hitchhiked to his car. another thing was that my dad's brother had run away to wyoming and become a cowboy. he had been gone from fort worth for about four years. he wrote a postcard back to my dad saying hey rudy, come out here. i'll get you a job on this ranch where i work. and so, my dad being good friends with his older brother said hey, this sounds like a good deal. think i'll go out to be a a cowboy, too. so they attack at me and my brother had it to wyoming.

so all these things tended to call us at one point and opportunity are not, they took it. over the years i told students that was the only black man in america who is qualified to be president because i had abraham lincoln experience. i said that because we did live in a locked cabinet on the banks of the shoshone river outside of cody, wyoming. my father worked shagging shoes. he worked in the car dealership. he worked in a bakery. it was able to take a living. at the same time, we lived a lot off the lead.

they had a garden. we raced critters. i father did finished and we made life. on the social side, there is discrimination might do us in texas, but not so much. it wasn't because anybody above to anybody anymore or less. there was because everybody there had to santa marta. everybody there had to struggle to make life. so you didn't have much time or energy to be struggling about race when everybody was struggling to get enough to eat. so that's the kind of thing that happened. on the social and, my parents who are deeply religious pentecostals were sent with the

white pentecostal bunch. part of why we don't really left cody was social and racial. the one they were attached to. so like my father, he was already becoming a minister. they wanted to fire their pastor and have my dad become a pastor. neither my father nor my mother was ready for that. for young black preacher from texas to take over a white congregation in wyoming just wouldn't fly. so they ended up in billings, montana, where he started a congregation that is black, red,

native americans. there was the mexicans. white folks in his congregation. so it was a very mixed kind of world. that i think is one of the things that distinguishes racial life in the west by contrast with what you see in other parts of the country. that is to say folks have to get on with each other. back to spare. folks have to work together because they need help. folks out of church together because everybody can't have his own little tiny church. so people got to places and did things that might not have happened in alabama, georgia, wherever. i remember one time we went to the rodeo and as we went through

the audience to this seems to where we were going to sit to watch the show, people started make each race remarks. dark clouds, look out. i remember my parents being very uptight and my dad very angry at this kind of behavior because it wasn't uncommon for waits to be direct and open. in billings, where i started school, my first day in school i experienced an exceedingly painful racial experience. i got to school on when the teacher asked us who could read, i raised my hand. i was the only kid who did and i was the only black kid.

turns out i was indeed the only kid who knew how to read already because i didn't know and i still don't know how i learned how to read. i noticed that i read. instead of encouraging or supporting me, the teacher punished me because i knew how to read and could explain how i have learned that. as i said, as the only one who knew how to read it she made me sit in the back of her class as my reward for being the only kid in the class. i was old enough, five, six years old. there may have been aspects of

life that were segregated, but i couldn't see it. i thought i mean i never had to send you to live in a particular place based on race. that was clear. [inaudible] wants the giants came to town, willie mays tried to buy a house near where my current parents bought a house and they wouldn't sell it to them on a system raise. so it was there that i first saw the segregation de facto.

ironically i should've seen it when i was in the church, when my parents couldn't handle the notion of a white congregation. the fact that church and cody had so few folks. there could be an occasional mexican. in billings, we saw a folks. our next-door neighbor were indians. there is a much clearer mixture of folks involved in my life. that is part of what distinguishes western life for me. that is that in the last 20

years after could've places in the south and not even have to deal with the people. i see them in the distance. i know they are there. we didn't have to deal with them. i could believe in a black world that had everything i needed. it didn't require me to interact much. that's impossible. it may be some areas in l.a., san diego, texas, san francisco bay area around denver or phoenix. but that's very unusual. you have to take them as they

come. and i think for as easy a kid as i was, when i was 14, 15, maim others in its husband was dying of cancer at my folks wanted us to see him before he died. they sent us to fort worth to visit on the train. my father not wanting us to have to deal with segregation that tickets for us to monterey and took us there and they never had to deal. when it came time to see this on

the train, we went onto the train and went to our seats were desert needed on our ticket. the conductor came down the aisle and said his review? >> the person told us to sit here. he said you're not supposed to be here. and we rode in the segregated car out to el paso from fort worth. and el paso, we changed trains and cars and disappeared. we got home and my dad just blew a gasket.

we went straight down, negotiated with these folks. that some of this money back a new policy. so he didn't go to work the tickets because they were worried. in texas, the conductor who moved to saw was white, but he moved us away from integration and desegregation. so we have those kinds of experiences both in the west where we lived. this huge numbers of african-americans between the war during the second world war.

i mean, literally thousands and thousands. i don't think many folks took the route we took and i don't think many folks did it when we did it. i did my parents were a little bit ahead of the waves of migration between the wars and i think after we were here in the west, we could see a huge amount of black folks calm. when we came to this town, i stopped at an intersection downtown. from young guys who drove by in the pickup in saw me sitting there in his volkswagen bug.

this dude rolled down his window and shouted out the one know. i said to my wife, well, we are home. we understand who is here. ..

is my book is at all six a cell, -- is at all successful, what it will do is demonstrate the general through the particular. in other words, the individual experience of this family represent black experience in america writ small. and by looking at the small picture, one can't infer things about the bigger picture. so i'm hoping that as folks read this book they will come to understand how this single-family and its various branches and offshoots and so forth represents a much bigger bunch of folks.

that's the family. that's what i hope the book does. >> next from booktv's recent trip to olympia, washington, jack nisbet talks of a life botnets david douglas, the namesake for the douglas fir tree. finally in olympia, washington, we visit the washington state capital museum. there in the museum's replicate of david douglas is workroom we spoke with jack nisbet, author of "the collector." >> david douglas was a scottish man of modern means and little village north who was terrible at school and that led him to this path that putting into the plant world. he was sent here in 1825, exactly 20 years after lewis and clark. the only people who have been here since were from europe were for trade guys. mostly british and french

canadian fur traders. the company is the northwest and american company called the pacific fur company but they had all been amalgamated out and purchased, so they owned the whole place. so it was a very closed system. they didn't want people snooping around so they could not let anybody who is not on the fur trade able to coming. the boundary settlement is coming up in the way the roles of imperialism are played in those days. teaches some point so they let douglas in to collect natural history, and fauna, think about what his future could be, like commercial, light gardening plans. but there's a lot of money made in the british empire by giving rhododendrons from china, and selling them back to people whose gardens are just like the

one douglas looked like when he was a kid. cities in the world and he really understands it. they know there's a lot of beautiful plants here. that turns out to be very true. like any naturalist he gets very obsessively fixated with certain kinds of things and you'll be in for a week you'll be crazy about -- when you hear the names 15 different plants which are a beautiful ornamental plant which army are quite popular. over in a classic case behind it is a beautiful plant. again, his skill is he could keep things on. having a green thumb was a skill so he gets a viable seeds back to england to plant them. they have gardening ground and they grow these and then they have this magazine, like a seed

catalog. they get these top artist do to picture. the douglas fir certain, the treatment after him, is a really important timber trade worldwide. probably the most important unless you're talking great britain or moderate time, another one. searching each plant is a long story and it often starts with him because he can keep things alive. when he got here, he's seen a lot of dug his -- the douglas fir, hemlock and a lot of fascinating other trees, but he recognizes that this would has a particular quality because, while he is here he watches the hudson bay company, just north of olympia.

and so it's a very funny learning curve he's on, the qualities of the wood, and douglas fir has this range of qualities that makes it really useful. and it will grow in a variety of habitats. he sees it in the rain forest, he sees in each in washington it rains 14 inches. it looks different but it's the same species of tree. so becomes this special thing. he gets back to his london workroom and rights of the paper, an astonishing paper. most of the trees were grouped into a pine family and he writes up 17 different trees he sees here in the northwest, and like he has, again, there will be latin phraseology so you can name them, there will be complete descriptions of why they are unique. he will talk to french-canadian voyagers, british guys.

he would've sent plants back. he could really see what the qualities of the tree are just like the character of a person. he had a lot of empathy for plants, is one way to say it. you can't name something after your so. so william jackson harper, his mentor calls it douglas fine. then he goes through this long series of changes. it took decades before it was called the name that we call it now, but it's an interesting and because archibald mendez is a wonderful scottish mentor of douglas who was with john vancouver's voice and told douglas look for the latin name, the common name is douglas. i would argue that the path that i've been on in studying them is on, he's just a visitor and he's getting into this really amazing

world, landscape that pcs as amazing and the people who helped him understand, the tribal people, they work us a lot more about the tree the naming some after guy from england. so the naming part is interesting, especially when he sends it back assessors will be a beautiful ornamental trick or meat make sure to put a lower chinook word for that tree. that's a valuable thing. if you're a lower chinook person or a woman simply consumers and has a tribal name for it that you still use, that's a very deep connection and makes douglas look good. makes them look like he is really, has a lot of balls in the air. he's an interesting guy. he has wildly enthusiastic. to the point where he rubs some people the wrong way. this is a very conservative society that you're in where people play their cards pretty close to the this. but again he is among his peers.

he makes a lot of very close friends among the scottish guys in the fur trade who he corresponds with for his whole life. he lives 11 more years, 10 more years and that correspondence goes on the whole 10 years. at the same time there's a letter from another guy that says douglas made some enemies when he was in the northwest, and he loses his temper. he has health problems. he flies off the handle, and he's been diagnosed by other people who study him as being manic depressive. he seems to be up and down. but i don't really believe that. to me to remind me a lot of naturalist that i know to get excited about things, and sometimes overdo it and sometimes flat-out after they've overdone for a few days and have to do something else. he is quite charming in that way, but there's some great quotes about him. again, when he is back in london, a key time in his life

because he's a stonemason son from a little village in scotland. he's never going to be able to rise -- he doesn't have the genius that it takes to rise to a level in a really strict class society where you can be accepted by everybody. the doorman at the london horticultural society makes more money than he does, and that bugs him and that bugs a lot of scottish people and british people who laughed -- who laughed at this time and come back. it's hard to come back. he signed the contract he supposed to write and he can't finish it. he does a dozen articles and does well with those but he can't finish this book because it's hard to write a book. his great mentor said i don't think i've ever seen anyone as unhappy as mr. douglas with a pen in his hand. many of us including mr. douglas himself often wish it was back in north america collecting. that's perfect because a lot of these british kids, they come

apart and leave, they can rise to the level of the building and then you come back and sure back in this box in the stonemason second son. when we talk about, he has some rough edges and he has some drive, you can see where some of that comes from. again, i've written two books about that, one is a basic biography going through all the adventures, fun and wackiness. i got finish without, the more i talk to people the more i realized he is really important because the landscape we live in today which still has a lot of the remnants of what he saw, and you can go through plant by plant and see that, he starts the world. nobody ever looked at in the european sense, and he comes and starts the clock ticking in from contact even though he is after contact, the first one who

codifies it, writes again. so that's the clock ticking from out of landscape has changed between the world before contact and the world we live in now, 200 years later. that will tell you if you look at it carefully enough what is going to be like 200 years from now. >> next from booktv's trip to olympia, we bring you an interview with trova heffernan, author of "an election for the ages," about the 2000 for washington gubernatorial race. >> in the state of washington we had an election that the book says election of the ages but it's the closest cougars were raised percentagewise in history of the united states of america. >> the candidates were christine gregoire was a three term washington attorney general and very well-known, and dino rossi was a very well-known legislator who was chairman of the ways and means committee, and also in real estate.

things got really interesting during the primary. washington's primary was tossed out by the courts with no legal primary system in place, and washington has a proud heritage of independence, and voters here just cherish it. we've always been able to choose any candidate on the ballot regardless of party affiliation. so the court throws out our primary and we end up with a different primary system that forced people for the first time to choose a party ballot. and then secretary of state sam reed had fought hard and successfully passed the legislation our top two primary that was very close to her old primary, knowing what this heritage was and what the voters wanted, and would appreciate. and it passed but with a good overview we ended up with the federal primary system. he had fought for something that the voters wanted, and in the

end was then charged as the second estate at the time to educate voters about this new primary system that he actually opposed, that his duty of course is to educate voters about the ballots that folksy in this new primary. and so people just game -- the emotions were very dramatic. and they started contacting our office. they wrote e-mails, 16,000 phone calls in a day, something which is, that doesn't happen on a daily basis for the office of the second estate. they were offended that the right to vote for the person on the ballot had been taken away. they were offended by the idea that they then had to choose one political parties about. these are washingtonians. we vote differently out west and they weren't used to it. i was sans communications director at the times i was in charge of public affairs and

media. was involved in the education campaign and the media contact and press releases and so forth. we wanted to be very transparent with the public about the emotions involved and what was going on, and why. and so we saved and documented all of those, the e-mail messages and the correspondents and we held at this press conference, and we explained what was happening and why. but from our perspective that was really the start. it was a different election cycle, and unique from that point forward. spent on election night, it became apparent he was going to be close. and it came as a bit of the a surprise because the democrat, the attorney general was expected to win, and all of a sudden they saw this race ending up coming closer and closer. but since we're so many people who voted by mail back at that

time, we weren't really going to know until much later after all those mail ballots were counted. at this time, all ballots were by mail. back in 2004 we had a mix of counties, some were by mail. many voters did it just by choice. so we actually ended up still with about 60% of the people voting imail and 40% at the poll sites. at the conclusion of the original down, republican state senator dino rossi was certified by me to be governor of the state of washington by a margin of 260 votes. you consider that's 2.8 million, -- 2.69, it was really unbelievable. our state has very clear laws which indicated at that time we had to have a recount automatically. but since it was a little

spread, it wasn't going to be hand recounted it was going to be a machine but the machine recounts are significant because they election workers review all the ballots to make sure they are voted correctly and they often find mistakes. they find ballots that have been damaged and need to be fixed. they tend sometimes to discover errors they've made of perhaps some ballots were not even counted. so what did change the outcome of the election down to the point that it became only 46 vote margin by the time we finished the machinery counting. but again republican state senator dino rossi, and i certified him as governor. but our loss again are clear that the losing candidate has a right to request a hand recount. but they initially have to pay for it.

but if the account reverses the race, then they get reimbursed. and, of course, i think logically they did request a recount and we immediately went into a recount by hand. that meeting each of the 39 counties that they had to organize themselves to go through each ballot one at a time. also, our laws are very clear that the political parties had a right to have observers so they were there, as we had tremendous news media scrutiny. so they were there. it ends up particularly for the larger counties of course it takes weeks, and it was just a pressure cooker in terms of what was going on. we were in a situation coming out of the 2000 presidential election in florida, there had

been a recount and it was highly controversial, continues to be controversial for years later. it was a republican secretary of state who was widely viewed as playing partisan politics. and your i was a republican secretary of state overseeing these recounts. so it set up a claimant where the voters of the state were very nervous. the democrats were nervous because it is a republican secretary of state, and many of them were immediately suspicious that i was going to play politics. the republicans were nervous because of how the race had tightened and how the trend was going in the direction towards the democrats. and they were, of course, hoping i could do something. so it set up a situation that was virtually one where i could

win one way or the other. first, the democrats sued me. they went to the state supreme court because they thought my rules for the recount were not broad enough. they wanted more, they want to have the election people go back and re-examine, even though it been rejected for signature on the ballot. i one and unanimous court decision so the democrats now are really angry with me. however, this is during the recount, and as the cab was going on all of a sudden it looked like a democrat was going to pull ahead. and so the republicans who didn't listen to me the previous week all of a sudden decide to sue me over the same issue because they now wanted more ballots to be counted. it went to the supreme court. i won a unanimous decision so now they are mad at me. it's one of these -- if it's the

old quote, it's lonely at the top. it was very lonely at the top. with the hand recount as we went along, it was very close, neck and neck. reporting and the votes were changing as again, they were going over each ballot looking at several and they could see things that the machine couldn't see. so we are getting right down towards the end, and it was going back and forth. and then the final analysis, a democrat, christine gregoire, ended up winning the hand recount by 129 votes out of 2.8 million. that is 56, 10 thousands of one person. one of the most important lessons i think that the public was how important it is that you be very conscientious when you vote to actually follow the rules, find out what you need to do, because while there were

many mistakes made by election board workers and staff, vastly more were made by the voters. if they were supposed to fill in an oval and instead someone would circleville put an x. next to them in the question, what does this mean? or they would use the wrong kind of ink that the machine couldn't read, they forgot to sign it. it would have changed their names because they get married, didn't bother to change your voter registration so it was signed with a different name and all of a sudden election people are left saying, is this the right person who didn't change their address? the responsibility of citizenship and in the. >> to elections is excellent important to democracy and i think this is a rather compelling lesson the people that they need to pay more attention, take your time, be conscientious and do it right. >> people don't think about

elections. it's a very human process. they are a partnership between the administrator and the photo. the voter needs to follow instructions. mail ballots on time for the election and strider needs to do his or her job. you don't think about it when the race isn't close or if the election isn't in the news. once it is, all of a sudden all the election they can escape center stage. but one of the benefits is that it builds momentum and they give the secretary of state a rare opportunity to make changes to election laws that when you. the mandate under the law is to preserve history, we are the state of the archives, the state library. we document our history and biography of washingtonians who have been cheated to our history in some way. sam i think and how you but i know he was stopped on the street all the time from people that would come up to him and

say, you need to write this down. and thinking about it as an office, we do have an obligation to document. and as i say, the big lessons are one of transparency. every vote does count. if anybody doubts that you can point to the 2007 governor's race in washington and say look, so we honored our mandate. we felt an obligation. these are circumstances that were so rare that, to be able to talk about the lessons learned and how we handled it, what we would be right, maybe what we would change would be invaluable to election administrators in the future. the voting systems and elections will have all changed but the timeless lessons will remain. >> for more information on booktv's recent trip to olympia, washington, and in many other cities visited by our

local content vehicles, go to c-span.org/localcontent. you are watching booktv on c-span2. here is our prime time lineup for tonight. >> that all happens tonight on c-span2's booktv. >> up next on booktv,

afterwards with guest host tanzina vega, new times national correspondent. this week notre dame history professor felipe fernandez-armesto and his latest book "our america: a hispanic history of the united states." in it the oxford graduate look at the settlement and evolution of the united states from the perspective of latino settlers and discusses the modern-day hispanic resurgence in the united states. the program is about one hour. >> host: thank you for being with us. >> guest: thank you very much for taking an interest in my book. >> host: absolutely. it's quite an interesting one. we can start ou off by talking about the population of hispanics in the united states. in 1980 there were about 15 million hispanics in the united states. by 2012 nearly 53 million. by 205 2050 where expecting

128 million hispanic americans in the united states. your book helps give us the foundation and explained how this population arrived in the country and how it potentially and we will talk about where it's going but the time we reach that 128 million. >> guest: thank you for much. that's very kind of you to say that. what's interesting to me, you focus on a recent period in which the profile of hispanics in the states has been revolutionized -- there were vast numbers of people, but the context in which we understand this is a very long one in which hispanics have been belonged in the united states by virtue of being immigrants, by virtue of being here -- [inaudible] and the united states as a modern history as a hispanic country. it's kind of reversing to.net.

the statistic you mentioned for restoring the united states, what i think, enormous situation of the country historically, what is now the territory of the united states first occupied somewhat by people who spoke spanish. [inaudible] kind of a blip in a long hispanic story. >> host: that's exactly what your book seems to tackle is the myth that we have about the founding of the united states and this mythology. and you mentioned myths being the motors of history in your book. i'm curious why now, how did this book, about now? why is now the time to sort of undo some of the myths that we have? we will go through what some of those are. >> guest: i'm sure there is an objective answer to that question but, of course, one

writes books really for reasons which are more powerful than audible will. -- autobiographer. i do see myself as a person trying to understand my case and situate myself. the idea came to me the idea the book came to me when i was giving some lectures at the u.s. air force academy in colorado springs. a very nice, very well educated, broad minded liberal young air force officer who looked after me have lots of chats with me which i find very interesting. and he told me, he told me he was a liberal. sort of strange, radical fundamentalists. he tells me he's a liberal and he tells me that he was fearful

of immigration. but, he said, when people come to this country they should learn the native language. and i didn't think is speaking about the comanche. i said yes, i quite agree. everybody should learn spanish. ..