haberdashery in kansas city and he added partner by the name of betty jacobsen and betty jacobs and was a jewish gentleman that he was a staunch zionist. i was wondering in your research did you find eddie jacobsen that close to truman, business partners here in kansas city did eddie jacobsen pushed truman do you think more than anybody toward going with israel or getting behind israel? ..

and he had magical powers as a diplomat. it was the chinese revolution. he could get in the door of prime ministers, and he had a lot of influence at the key moments. he got in the door to some extent because of eddie jacobs said. he would come and say you've got to see him and that would seal the bar. [applause] >> if you would like your copy of genesis, we are sending it in

the hall and he would be happy to sign your copy. thank you. [applause] booktv is on facebook. like us to interact with guests and viewers, watch video and get up-to-date information. facebook.com/booktv. stephen talks about the life and lasting impact of dale carnegie author of how to win friends and influence people and a number of other books. how to win friends has sold over 30 million copies published in 1937 and was named the seventh most influential book by the library of congress. this is about 45 minutes. >> so tonight we are really happy to have steven watts back. steven watts has been called by

a biographer of john v. plutarch of modern america because of his books on walt disney, his book on hugh hefner, which he talked about here in the library, and henry ford and now dale carnegie. he's a professor of history and of the history department. dale carnegie i have a lecture i gave periodically. people forget that i've given it before and then i get it. [laughter] in which the title of it is the center of the literary universe. we talk about t.s. eliot and mark twain, talk about things people don't know, the best-selling cookbook of all times of course written in st. louis. i always like to refer to the first sentence of the first edition of the greatest sentence in american literature: code stand facing a stove.

[laughter] but as a part of the lecture i always tell people that one of the greatest self-help books ever written was written by a missourian who always identified himself come as you read a steven watts's excellent biography you will always find out identifies him as a missourian and that is dale carnegie born in a small town in northwest missouri and has built an increasingly not so small town of belgian just south of us come a part of our suburbs. dale carnegie was a true misery and come and when you think about it, walt disney a true missouri and, in a jesse james a. true miser -- missourian. steven watts writes this wonderful genealogy. really starts with benjamin franklin and moves through the various 19th century purveyors of self-development who are so important in american culture and comes up to dale carnegie

that is the apotheosis of self-development and he ends his book as i hope he will talk about in his talk tonight with oprah winfrey. you think about the direction, the destiny of self-development that goes from self control with benjamin franklin to self-esteem with oprah winfrey with a deep stop with dale carnegie. this is a powerful book because it is not just a biography of dale carnegie that it is a biography of the emotional development of the united states and its model necessarily good but as steven watts will tell you it's all really nice. [laughter] ladies and gentlemen, steven watts. [applause]

>> he is a hard act to follow. dale carnegie would be proud i think. you have to excuse me i've had a terrible cold and so i may start croaking like a frog. just pretend it is quite natural. ever since rob wrote the thing about plutarch i've been getting my book talks dressed in a toga but i decided my legs weren't good enough so i dressed in a suit tonight. if anybody wants to talk about my book about dale carnegie this evening who is a very cultural figure in this country for reasons i hope to layout a little bit in my talk. and if you are kind enough to get the book i would be happy to sign it for you afterwards. the notion of success lays at the heart of the american dream

and in fact the idea of the individual living head in the race of life, pulling yourself up by your bootstraps as the old familiar saying, i think it is better in our national dna. all of us have heard i think some version of go make something of yourself, go make something out of yourself. usually from anxious parents during our adolescence as we prepare to go off to college. and actually, i think for the founding days of the republic, boosters and more or less standard politicians and shysters although i risk redundancy on the last two -- [laughter] they've been instructing people in the best way to improve their social status and increase the material possessions, which are the two big parts of course of the success formula. in the 18th century, benjamin franklin -- and actually, i have some slides if this works. there we go.

benjamin franklin i think was the first great success writer in american history in the almanac written in the early part of the 18th century, and then of course in his autobiography that was eventually published later in the 17 hundreds, franklin stressed the work ethics and forth, in particular as the way to success. all the sayings i'm sure most of you have heard early to bed early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. a penny saved is a penny earned on and on. with a few decades later in the 19th century, the here ratio alger became the great formulator of success in a series of novels that in all honesty word literary train wrecks that culturally i think they are gems. many best selling books of mark

the natural rate strafed to succeed all of them with very similar titles. eventually alger told at the same story over and over again he just changed the characters a little bit. the story was of a virtuous young man, often an orphan who came from the countryside to the big city. and he climbed to success. he rose to distinction through upstanding character, self-denial and unstinting labor. and for victorian individuals up until about the end of the 19th century, the directives were a kind of cultural gospel. what about the modern era who has been the great avatar of success writing in the american century as it is often told? well it happens to be a missourian in the northwestern part of the state. i was born up near berryville

and rose to become the greatest purveyor of success principles of modern life whose efforts inspired disciples who followed in his wake and that is of course a dale carnegie the subject of my talk and my biography. in the one sentence, this book which is still one of the best selling books in american history some people ranked eighth among the top three or four best non selling nonfiction books in a certain sense, and he in this book operated in the tradition of franklin and alger, but as we are going to see in a little but he also recast the instructions to reflect many of the issues and conditions that were worked out in modern life. how to win friends and influence people, in fact, i argue is the kind of brilliant reflection of deeper values that americans have come to embrace in the 20th

century. but carnegie -- i was shocked to discover a few years ago -- has never had a full-scale biography, so it is blaming his work as a sort of the burden of my book self-help messiah which came out last october. i would note that this book is absolutely essential reading for every one who does not want to be an abject miserable failure in the modern america to get ahead. it also, along those lines i think makes a wonderful inspiration and gift for graduations, bar mitzvahs, christmas, all national holidays and world religions etc., etc.. that address was written by my publisher actually. [laughter] at any rate, carnegie himself writing offers a fascinating story of rags to riches in his

own life. he was born as i noted before a near marysville missouri into a sort of grinding poverty and he spent the youth influence on the one hand by the scholars repeated failures as a farmer in the late 19th century and on the other hand by his mother's intense protestantism. dale by the way is in the front. that is his older brother behind him. he was very bright and intellectual and curious and found a kind of a scape from his boyhood and youth for poverty by developing a talent from public speaking. his mother was something of a lay preacher in that part of the state and this period and dale goes off to college at the state

teachers college at lawrenceburg and he becomes a kind of big man on campus as an orator. in those days he had big ears and he was sort of self-conscious and he discovered the only way that he could compete with the football players was to be an orator in the late 19th century and that is the century where he made his mark but then things got very interesting. he's very ambitious and tired in the midwest, and he was sort of greeting against their religious heritage of his family in particular, his mother. and he wanted to make it. he wanted to get ahead in what he did as he headed off to new york to make good. the old saying was go west young man. of course he went west to make his fortune but success didn't come immediately with dale carnegie.

he went through a kind of lengthy period where he struggled in the series of jobs. he was a salesman, actor, car salesmen, magazine journalist, failed novelist and he entered into a kind of partnership i found quite interesting with lowell thomas the famous writer and journalist in the lawrence of arabia shows that lowell thomas put together after world war i. carnegie became a right-hand man and was very involved in putting on the shows both in england and in the united states. after all of this, carnegie comes back to ne new york and finally settles into a kind of solid career as an instructor of public speaking. he began his efforts at the ymca in brooklyn park kind teaching a small number of students in the

late 19 teams onto the 1920s and he steadily refined his techniques and course and began to establish the national reputation. by about 1930 or so, his public speaking course became the famous carnegie course is so popular that thousands of people are attending it all up and down the east coast and in addition it is attracting the biggest companies inside of the united states who are beginning to send their people to be trained in public speaking by dale carnegie that focused on things like building confidence and social skills and personal image. as his career begins to take off, he against to appear in newspapers all over the country, begins something of a modern celebrity in american life and

eventually he lands his first gig on nbc radio where he is givingiven a show that runs a ce of years. he also writes an inspirational biography of abraham lincoln that sells fairly well and then he broke a chatty boo wrote a cs encapsulated a lot of his radio pieces that was called little known facts. so he's doing pretty well up until the early 30s. it was in the mid-30s however that in a way he gets his big break in the heart of the great depression that when he really becomes a kind of cultural icon for the first time. he was an acquisitions editor@and anna schuster and he would go on to an influential career a as the head of simon ad

schuster after this. he takes the course and he loves it and he decides that the ideas need a kind of national broad audience and so he convinces carnegie to write a book. he is reluctant and he had submitted some manuscripts to simon and schuster. he was kind of disgruntled about that so he had to kind of talk him into it but eventually, he sort of damnedest to that task -- bends to the task. when this book came out and as i was being put together i think both carnegie and of the press have fairly modest hopes for the sales. they hope that it would sell a reasonable amount of copies and everyone would make a little bit of money and go back at the that the results were astonishing.

he overwhelmed the expectations of everyone falls into the copies began to fly off the shelves everywhere in the united states. and for months after its release he wrote this letter to carnegie in which he said, and i quote i found this in the carnegie archives. if one year ago a friend of mine were to have told me today i was going to send it to an author but 250,000 copy of his book would have preferre referred hie nearest psychiatrist were for the belief of the cartoon. how to win friends would go on to sell about a million copies in the first year, year and a half and by the time the dust settles it's been estimated to book sold somewhere in the vicinity of 30 million copies in the united states out of the globe. and it has joined i think a

selected group of books in american history that have combined in our mess popularity with a kind of genuine cultural influence joining books like i guess the bible, uncle tom's cabin, gone with the wind, the mckinsey report, and last but not least 50 shades of gray though i'm sure many of you don't know anything about the last one. [laughter] the big question i think is why did his book proved to be so enormously popular in the 1930s? what happened in the culture that made it so responsive to what he had to say? in the broad sense, what i argue in this book is that carnegie presented a formula for success and how to influence people that

the qualities of american life in the 20th century it was aimed at i think very shrewdly and the legions of the workers in america. people in the middle class who were working in the hundreds of big companies and the complex bureaucracies that have emerged after the beginning of the 20th century in business and government and in education, in the media, and entertainment as well. and over the early decades of the 19 hundreds. there was a very large army of clerks and office workers and middle managers, salesmen, advertisers, marketers, teachers, salary employees of all kinds and these were people that wanted to succeed but they were people for whom the old

advice of benjamin franklin and alger had a very limited appeal and very sort of limited use in their everyday lives. franklin and alger advice about hard work and the firm moral character and habits of saving and thrift all of this i think seemed irritable and in many ways in this new society where in the people's daily lives andd period exciting as they were involved in interactions on a daily basis with dozens and maybe even hundreds of people over again. the understanding of individualism just didn't do much for them in this new environment. while this book i think addresses the situation directly and it presented an irresistible message people responded to very

enthusiastically and that message was quite simply that one could find success in the modern world by developing attractive personal traits, by developing and displaying self confidence, by developing skills in human relations and most simply by getting people to like you. that was the game. he insisted as a lot of you may know if you read this book he insists on it over and over again that getting ahead in life and securing a better job, making more money into joining the espionage or coworkers was a matter now in the 20th century enhancing your personal attractiveness. and with enthusiasm comedy was nothing if not perky i might add

he promised that his book would help any individual and these are his words here to get out of this rut into a choir new visions and ambitions and when the people to your way of thinking into your prestige and ability to get things done. when new clients and customers and avoid arguments, keep your human context wasn't. so what was the significance of this new success that he shapes in this book? first of all that i would suggest to you, and i think this is very important with his message and david is a significant shift in the culture from character to personality and as i often tell my students in my various courses in the victorian age in the 18 hundreds, the stand was of

self-control and the character ethics as they like to call it and that is what regulated the individual contact. but what you have in the 20th century and increasingly is this socioeconomic change that really remakes america american societd american economy and american culture in a significant fashion. what you have is a new kind of america that takes shape that is increasingly devoted to the consumer abundance and bureaucratic definitions of work and leisure and entertainment as the key activities in our lives and in this world of the old idea of the victorian self-denial seemed antiquated, completely out of touch. so what you see here i think and you see it quite clearly is the

old character begins to recede into the background and instead new sparkling images of personality began to take its place and it becomes central to the new code of individualism. what you have is a notion at work of the shaping of a healthy magnetic and charismatic personal image rather than that old internalized character ethic and this charismatic personality is crucial to your success in the new worl new world of the self-fulfillment id rockers the -- bureaucracy. he captured all of this beautifully and in the book he lays out these principles of personality in the blood would become his trademark of breathless anecdotal style and

he makes this book i think the guidebook for success in the modern american culture in the words i'm pretty convinced would have horrified the audience only 20, 30, 40 years before. he declares in this book and i quote, one can no longer put much faith in the old adage that hard work of loan is the magic key that will unlock our desire and instead he insists that it's the ability to handle people with your personality and he repeats this over and over again in the buck that is the key to achievement and the status and material prosperity in modern society. success in america he tells the readers over and over again it depends on getting along with other people, working smoothly

with others in a kind of bureaucratic review and maneuvering to assume leadership in groups of people and he tailors this advice to those kinds of principles and these are all his principles and freezeandphrases and i'm just go recite a few of them and i think you will see what i mean. don't criticize others, establish a positive atmosphere in the arguments. the hardy and lavish praise. like the other fellow field that the idea is his and finally the icing on the cake, make people like you. to this end he encourages success in the buck to engage its self-examination. this is an old habit of american

culture. the puritans i think even before then you need to look inward to make sure you are on a street and narrow path. they change shape very dramatically. they said look to your self to examine your character in morality as a human being. he has a different idea and he tells the readers to keep a file like the one he did. what's fascinating about it is all of these injunctions to the self-examination there is barely a word about spiritual failings or above falling back. instead of the whole focus is on the social errors and the things

i've done in the rendering of this is to forget people's nam names, to talk much to people or make them feel comfortable, to argue with people instead of suggesting new ways of thinking about things and to overlook other people's viewpoints and make sweeping statements other people found irritable. those are all things i have done and carnegie urged people to sort of wife is out of one's personality. here is where the fraud part comes in. but i would suggest is that you can see american value shifting from the old notion of and her

moral character to shaping one's image and the impressions that you make upon other people in the kind of modern setting. so the character personality i think that is one source of its significance. second, and i think in addition to that shift but you also see is a newfound emphasis historically on psychology as the key dynamic in modern american life. a number of critics and historians have observed over the last 30 or 40 years probably and most famously in a brilliant book called the triumph of the therapeutic they suggested that in the modern world with a kind of slow erosion of connections among people and community ties, religious obligations and so on what is produced in the modern

west particularly in america is this ideal type of psychological men, this modern character type is preoccupied with self-awareness, preoccupied with self-esteem engaged in a kind of quest for fulfillment in one way or another for emotional well-being. psychological men in short i think as they jettison morality for therapy as a kind of way to be in the world and i think it is quite clear that this new therapeutic sensibility begins spreading in american culture by the middle decades of the 20th century and it has become i think an enormous influence in our modern values as it has spread into our thinking about education, child wearing, family life, religion and i think even

political ideology as well. well, carnegie i think was at the absolute heart of this process of a kind of psychologizing of modern american culture. he liked to present himself as an expert in the practical psychology and he emerged i think as the first great popularizer of this newfound stress of mental health and self-esteem. the course that he presented all the way up to his death in the mid-1950s tried to eradicate what carnegie called the inferiority complex that people would bring into his courses. he advertised the course for its reliance on the significant discoveries of modern psychology and how to win friends and influence people you may know if you read that book he instructed readers that when you are dealing with people come and this is his phrase we are not

dealing with creatures of logic we are dealing with creatures of emotion and throughout that book in each and every chapter are the psychological ideas sort of popularized in a whole host of lesser figures and then using them he urges his readers over and over again to continuously engage the psychological needs of people they are involved with, coworkers, families, associates to try to meet those needs with psychological sensitivity. he advocated for example positive thinking and the arts of appreciation which he described as the easiest of all psychological techniques to help people feel comfortable and to win friends and influence.

he argues in his book and i quote here again the principles of psychology are easy for you to apply in your daily context. and it would create a new way of life, he says that will pave the way to success. so from this collection of the cultural ingredients, success, ideology, these notions of charismatic personality, positive thinking, human relations, therapeutic well-being carnegie completed what was his ultimate legacy of culture and that is the establishment of the robust self-help movement that has shaped modern american culture in fundamental ways indeed. in the wake of his stunning success at passing self-help gurus have spread out in the

landscape. the one mentioned earlier in the introduction and oprah winfrey. those are the all-star team. they have spanned out into our daily lives presenting these messages of personal improvement, human relations, therapeutic adjustments as techniques for getting ahead and prospering and achieving the fulfillment in our modern life. the notion that i think was embodied in how to win friends and influence people are the individuals that learn carnegie's words defined art of getting along with people. and every big business and in social contact well in joy more leisure and what is more important, more happiness in busyness and in home life.

this book i think became the text of the modern success and i think that he is the biographer of american life. carnegie went on to a rich life after the publication of this book in the 1930s. he flourished as a beloved teacher who in the course all the way through the 40s and 50s still spent really that great majority of his time with the carnegie course around the country and franchise delivered the united states and eventually around the globe and still graduate hundreds of people every year in the course that is still foraging. he became a best-selling author mac with a book called how to stop worrying and start living which was a kind of guide book for stressed-out suburbanites

after world war ii became prosperous but they still were not happy and carnegie sort of wrote this book as a way to ease them towards happiness and i would also note after finally marrying a fairly advanced age he became a father for the first time at the advanced age of 63. pictured here with the younger woman he married and donna who was born in the early 50s. so he does become a father in this period and i feel obligated to note that actually one of the most interesting things about the book i stumbled across a rather curious letter in the carnegie archives and neither of the family nor the people knew

anything about them and they were from a woman and i played sherlock holmes a little bit and i end up discovering this secret life dale carnegie had that he had a long loving relationship with a married woman and a child resulted from this that he believed was his but absolutely no one knowing about it even his family up until about one year ago he supported her financially and emotionally as well. he became good friends not only with his mistress but the mistress's husband who was a blind man that studied to be a rabbi. you never know what you're going to run across in research. but actually it is a fascinating story about the sort of larger context of winning friends and influencing people. but if you want to know what

that's all about you will have to buy the book. so to bring all of this to a close, i think in an overarching sense it would like to leave you with the idea that the impact as a historical figure was really profound because i think that he's the greatest popular spokesman for modern ideas about success in the culture that we still inhabit today and i think that whatever you make of the modern therapeutic culture of personality and self-esteem you have to acknowledge the crucial efforts of the ambitious farm boy from the missouri. long ago it was thomas jefferson that phrase to the pursuit of happiness. but it was dale carnegie i would suggest who defined the modern mating of that phrase. the end. [applause]

>> any questions please come up to the microphone. and i would also remind you the book is for sale. let's start here. >> thanks for the talk. a quick question in view of the fact that dale carnegie had such an impact on multiple generations and also considering that rush limbaugh is in the hall of fame i couldn't help but wonder if dale carnegie is in the hall of fame. >> by a belief he is as a matter

of fact and i also just found out they called me a few weeks ago and they are creating a hall of fame at missouri university and they are going to have a ceremony in the fall. so he is getting recognition here. >> you mentioned his full of things i've done. did he mention who they happened with or what was the context of some of those? stomach actually, it was great reading because the private writing was much like his public writings. it was perky and interesting in any sort of watching himself he said i had a meeting with joe schmo and other people and he cost a little bit and said damned if i didn't run my mouth the whole time and they couldn't get in a word and then i thought

back and i didn't hear anything they said. there were all kind of examples of the sort of social encounters and specific ones where you have the interesting specter of the man that wrote the book to apply the principles to himself and sometimes he met them and sometimes he fell short but very specific. >> i was wondering how much you felt the principles applied in 2014 in that the things that come to my mind in terms of influencing people i think we probably want a coke brothers to write that book. and the internet, for example, as a source of information and a source of influence seems to overshadow a great deal and the individual personality into their agreeableness or ability

to get along. >> that's a very good question i think. and my answer would be kind of complex. i think as far as the internet goes, i am sensing the internet is changing our life and culture in ways we are only beginning to appreciate. and the honest answer to that is i don't know because the students i teach these days i have to say they are a little more alien to me because coming out of this kind of social media interconnected culture where there is a very different wavelengths that are really i guess from those of us in a slightly earlier period. maybe in a broad sense i still think the principles are very affordable as far as interacting with other people because i

still think it is a fact that economically and socially and culturally in all kind of ways it is big. credit institutions that are still structure a good deal of what we do and i think the worklife many of us have is still in that setting and so i think those principles still work. the example that leaps to mind is a personal one in that as it was mentioned in the introduction i was the chairman for about five years and i used to have a full head of hair before. i will drive you to distraction or drink one or the other. i found myself when i was the chair of this organization of very big ego people that i began relying on the principles without even thinking about it. but instead of arguing and fighting and trying to impose things it works a lot better if

you so slide around the edges and try to treat people in a positive way. try to let other people think it's their own idea, but human life will work better that way. so in that sense i think the principles still are pretty potent ones. >> record of carnegie hall in new york and my impression is maybe it was the actual. so my question is [inaudible] and what it's used for. >> that's a good question. carnegie hall is named after the

industrialist. andrew carnegie but there is an interesting story that connects. he originally spelled his name carnaygey and that is the way that he spilled into his 20s and he got to new york city and got an office and being of a shrewd way that he was come he decided he should change the name of this because he said when his explanation was wild everybody pronounces it that way anyway. i think there was a little bit more to it. the other thing i found fascinating is that he'd changed the spelling of his name he removed the nay but it always wh his emphasis on positive thinking. doctor cho.

that his advice was uniquely american and i wonder about the worldwide acceptance and what culture it was accepted in. >> it's my impression from doing some reading about the sort of aftermath of carnegie after his death that the internationalization of the course into the principles sort of followed the trail of the western expansion of the american economy after world war ii. and i think the particularly westerthat particularlywestern h bureaucratic capitalism in the way things work and i think that begins to infiltrate markets around the world. that's where the action is. iadb leave someone in the company told me that increasingly first their big

effort was in europe but increasingly in recent years it has been in asia and i think the logic of that becomes clear as the markets begin to permeate the asian economies as well so i think that is the general trajectory of that. >> could i ask a last question? >> absolutely. >> sort of mentioned in passing the very religious upbringing of the parents. d. h. lawrence writing about benjamin franklin and other parts of american literature very critical american literature is a part of the sort of civic religion and not a real religion and it misses the tragic element in life. how would you describe carnegie -- was he still a religious man later in life? he was when he was younger influenced by his mother in particular.

>> it was never trust the teller, trust the tale. he overthrew religion as a young man. he sort of became agnostic and revolted against his mother is protestantism but eventually in his late wife i would say by the mid-40s in the last decade or so he returned to religion in a very peculiar way he didn't return in terms of theology or denomination but he returned almost as a kind of meditation and in the last book he talks a lot about the usefulness of religion but it's very much in a kind of therapeutic setting. he is a time traveling around the country. everyday every day i just take n minutes and i find a church. any church will do. and i go in and i just sit

quietly and i think about little dale carnegie in the cosmos and it's sort of makes everything come into perspective. so it is that kind of tale is a little complicated and i think there is a kind of religiosity. but it's in the therapeutic self-fulfillment rather than the kind of traditional protestantism. he was very close friends i should add he once described they were working the same street just different side. [applause] thank you very much and please everyone the book is for sale out in the sale and the professor would be happy to --

>> thank you very much. >> next from booktv's recent trip to tallahassee florida learn about the books and manuscripts from napoleon and the french revolution to >> in the special collections room in the library this is the main reading room where the researchers come to interact. special archives maintained an extensive rare book collections spanning back to the manuscript from the 14 hundreds through the 20th century publications. some of the material is from the napoleon collection and the business history and scientific history, the collection is one of the core collections into the

university history it documents the long history of the florida state university and its predecessor institutions and in about the early 1960s the institute for napoleon in the french revolution was established here as an institute in the department for the study of the french revolution and particularly the napoleonic war. one of the first professors associated in that program was a gentle man by the name of doctor donald who is now professor emeritus and is a military historian whose specialty is the napoleonic era and through his travels around the world, his connections with collectors, but dealers but also scholars, the french government, he began to work with the longtime director of the library charles miller

and his predecessors to require books and other kind of materials to help support the graduate research of the students and phd students in the institute and through this collaboration model ma only thrh the purchase is arranged but the library pursuit also through the donations he has been a great donator of materials over the course of the last 50 years we have en masse to this collection of about 20,000 volumes. first example i brought up from the collection this is the description. my french is terrible and it's one of the volumes that were rebound and published later in the 19th century. but what a document is napoleon's campaign in egypt and

artist rendering of the landscape of egypt, pyramids, architecture, architectural elements, elements of hieroglyphs from egyptian pottery maps and diagrams of the layouts of pyramids, different historical sites around egypt. this was when there was no photography and this was a way to document and detailed the thing is napoleon and his army were in countering and they were also a way to account for the riches of egypt that napoleon was hoping to bring back. and also to use as points of study for the french architects and artists. >> this piece is another set

published during the french air a about the history of louis the 16th service official presentation talking about the history in the start of the revolution. this kind of material gives us a perspective on how the contemporaries or the other people that live in the period of the revolution were writing their own history taken early in the public for the purpose of perhaps justifying the revolution and explaining to the people what occurred. we have many examples of contemporary newspaper publications and this is sad from 1807. these are important studies and representations again of how what the activities of the empire were in the kind of things that were being recorded. not onlreported. not only do they tell you about the activities or what was happening in the battlefield but the kind of things in terms of

the expansion of the entire news that was occurring at the day into the imperial seal. i have news papers here. this particular volume comes from 1800. we have a run of this newspaper from 1812 to 1813. this is one of the primary newspapers during the napoleon time and one of the interesting about this particular newspaper and how the researchers are using this today not only does it documents through the activities in the army and what was occurring in the empire, but you get a lot of colonial reports from the colonies on the trade, so what, babies were worth at various points of time so people are using this kind of

newspaper to look at not just what was occurring at france but also the caribbean and other colonial spaces. what i'm about to show you comes from the general papers. it was an officer in napoleon's army. he worked closely with napoleon in the field, and one of the duties of the field officer would be to transcribe the correspondence that was sent back and forth on the battlefield from napoleon to the generals and vice versa. this volume is a journal and is a set of transcriptions from the european battlefield beginning in 1806 and going through 1811. you can see you've got a table of contents transcribed documenting what each of the letters was about, who it was

from and to the location. then as you move further in you have the actual transcription of the letters again documenting what the history of the correspondence is. the battlefield correspondence and then the signature from napoleon or from the general to confirm that this was the official correspondent. >> some of your viewers might notice i'm not wearing white clothes today as i can assure them i hand are quite clean. as a part of our practice through the evolution and the handling of paper, historical paper materials while white cotton gloves have been used and are important to use with artifacts and photographs. it's easier to tear pages and so nice clean hands and careful

maneuvering of the pages are the recommendation today. as a part of the collection, the napoleon and french revolution collection we have the published materials and original manuscript materials and then we also have a number of artifacts that relates to napoleon in his campaigns and biography. one of the most popular objects that many people come to see us for the novelty of this is our copy of the napoleon death mask. at the time it was customary to create the death mask after someone famous or powerful passed away. even if they were in exile. it's a bit of a controversy over

the death mask. there were apparently two masks created. they were of the arguments over which one is truly authentic and continues today. this is a copy of a mask that was sent to be done by the doctor at his bedside and then was stolen for a period of time and recovered in the 19th century. we have looked at representative pieces from later publications and drawings of egypt from contemporary publications at the time. manuscript materials as well as artifacts. special collections and archives at the state are open to everyone. you don't need any special permission to come interact with these materials or to do research and we welcome students of all