and then they would retreat into the words. -- the woods. there could be thousands at some point. but that is not something that is possible. >> where geographically might have been the most? >> there were maroons all over. here in new york, brooklyn, harlem, every state reno in louisiana

because of the landscape also self carolina and virginia. >> host: remember it was pretty hard to get to the north. almost all fugitive slaves from a the number four kentucky or maryland those that would border on free soil. if you were an alabama it would be pretty hard to get to the north. either you become a maroons or go to the city's to blend in with fat-free black population there because getting any further north would have been difficult. we have time for a couple more questions so sylviane can sign books then the rest can ask while she signs your buck -- book.

>> your presentation is very interesting. i am curious about the maroons in the swamp and their relationship to rice growing. rice is something that is grown in the swamp santry know that many slaves k with that knowledge from africa then going out to the swamp would have been attractive from the agricultural standpoint. >> guest: when i was looking at the community's growing their food, into louisiana and south carolina where people used to be the main crop in the united states was cornyn squash and

peace. >> growing rice requires a hydraulic system of canals and gates something maroons would not have been in a position to construct. >> the maroons communities were rather small. so again with rice that has to be more extended. >> host: the final question. >> i am looking forward to reading your work. in relationship to maroons

looking at the b.c. and i want to focus on that before the louisiana purchase being that france and haiti there is a lot of transfer of slaves with that french connection also leading to the first refugee crisis of america when they fled to louisiana with that interconnection between the two and there is a large aggregation so could that have led to the spread of the maroons? >> i am not sure. i am not sure in louisiana

within the encouragement. [laughter] i don't think there would have had an influence. >> host: sylviane diouf. [applause] we can reconvene in the alcove where the book is available. [inaudible conversations]

>> at the ftc a dual mission to protect americans and promote competition we do that in a couple of different ways. the first is a civil law enforcement agency to bring loss -- law-enforcement against those that don't have their methods also engage in policy and research work and to promote best practices and advocate for the laws that we think are needed. for your specific question we're interested in protecting consumers when it comes to the entirety of the ecosystem. by that what developers are engaging or what platforms are doing to upgrade systems

or mobile apps stores or a device manufacturers to ensure that american consumers are protected with a competitive landscape. >> first of all, born in iowa as the son of quakers as the son of a blacksmith and orphaned by the age of 10 and went to live with an uncle in oregon and then apply for insurance in two stanford university in the summer of 1891 and got it admission and was told to take additional tour he passed the entrance exams literally probably the first at the stanford university

in the fall of '91 getting the dormitory room ahead of anyone else and in as a deep sense is all a matter he is an orphan boy trying to make it in the world and all the '70s when he entered college and was rather shy but he blossomed there to become a student body treasurer and stanford men so much to him that about 25 years after that after world war i hoover literally built his home on the stanford campus it is the official residence of the president of the university. >> host: what did he do with his education there? he steadied in mining engineering. >> he his major was geology with engineering that was his career after he graduated in the class of 8095. he got a break and was hired by a british mining and

engineering firm and was sent to australia before he left austria at the age of 23 already manager of one of the great gold mines of the australian gold rush. . .

this is in europe as well but particularly in the colonies about a woman was given to things and intellect in the uterus and if she used her mind, well no wonder she couldn't have children, and if she had children, well then no wonder she was so silly and could only think about shopping and things like that because she already knew her one instrument, so she was saying this and saying about the own gender of mind and i

realized a lot more about her thought as well as abigail and elizabeth and the power of women, but the intellectual capacity of women had that feeling that there was a strong intellectual capacity of women and all of them also to dirty their daughters in the same way as their sons so i had a lot of research material that i saw and i was going to have to pick and choose because the massachusetts historical society as well as these two other libraries have so much information that i was going to have to decide what to write about, but i hope i did manage to do that. after i came out with these three characters and i thought okay i have enough research

material, then i had a problem with how i was going to structure the book and i bring two other biographies, and with one character it was quite easy. not the writing of the biographies -- never easy, but this structure was because i wrote from one person's point of view and now all of a sudden i had three people and i had to see the world through three different perspectives. so i thought i would read you a little bit from the first chapter of my book to give you an idea of how i approach the sisters and also who the sisters were. it would have been easy to anyone that's met them that abigail and betsy were sisters. so becky was the slimmest. all of them were small and

slender with narrow decisive mouse, smooth noses and clear skin. their eyes conveyed a authority and a market intelligence and they all shared their mothers energetic passion for doing good but for surprisingly delicate. they were the first to catch colds and the last to recover. when she was young abigail had been paralyzed for two weeks and her fight childhood has been far more treacherous. betsy do for a list of them all was so weak after one childhood illness but the doctor ordered her not to read, write, work or even to think. it was lucky they attacked her body rather than her mood or she would be impossible to live with, abigail observed.

mary with her pleasing ways seemed like her mother got at the neglect of her mind was wanting in the studies and had no one to point us to it she reminded abigail when they were out of the orphanage. our parents felt the necessity of keeping us from the dissipation and left the rest to nature. still on the outside at least mary was the beautiful firstborn while abigail was rebellious and why old and would make a very bad or a very good one in a family friend told her. obviously suspecting the first. in her teens she opposed her mother's authority or as she thought made it clear that she resented how her mother denied her most innocent request. abigail was often sent away for long visits to her grandmother whom she sometimes thought she

loved more than her own mother because grandmother quincy didn't compare her to marry or for more than once of a crime. and then there was betsy who was just as high-spirited as abigail and left free to express herself. she couldn't run off because she was the youngest and unlike the far less industrious brother always had duties to perform at home. he wasted his chances to learn and grasped every free moment to read not just enthusiastically but with a cultivated take. if one duty or another wasn't always calling her from her father. so, that is my approach to the three sisters. i know this just gives you a little taste and i hope you have a feeling of who they are.

these are my main characters but they are not my only characters. and as i started writing the book, i realized there are two other very important characters in this book and one of them is the one i was most determined to keep out of the book on john adams. and i think so much has been said dave: has written a book about david adams who needs me to add anything. i needed me and he needed me because so many of the great events that happened not only in abigail's life, but in the lives of the other two sisters revolves around with john adams is doing. so, i thought okay i am going to take them on and i don't think that he has overwhelmed the book but i feel like he is a very

important part of it and i also hope that he has added something fresh to what we already know about john adams because we know what a wonderful husband he was and how devoted he was to his children but i hope they give you a feeling for what he was like as a brother-in-law particularly to the married husbands who was a very close friend of his and new richard before he knew abigail. he isn' is someone that would do favors. can you give me some kind of a little job in government cracks even his son-in-law said i'm not putting out until the very end. however, for some reason he felt so warmly to his nephew was and

this is the one that had so many oddities that he would never be able to do anything in public life he may as well stay home and read that john adams said no, he's my nephew and he got him a job as the secretary probably the only job he could have ever got in and he performed so well in that job and he went on to have a fruitful life and his other nephew that he did a lot for was one of the midnight judges that was appointed by adams and so john adams is one character. my book began in 1755 when britain imposes the first of its punishing acts on the colonies. so stand back. and it ends 35 years later when adams loses the bid for the second term of the president of

the united states to thomas jefferson. and abigail goes home to her sisters at last. now, the times are my fifth character because they are important to all the sisters. of course abigail who was frequently in the limelight with john. but really no less than the revolution certainly to mary elizabeth. they were equally excited, terrified by the battl battle of boston. and if they were equally astonished and overjoyed when the french navy arrived at yorktown and america had won the revolution at last. so the times are very important to the book. they are the times that they lived through. and also, what was important for me was that they lived through

the ideas of the time and because of what happened in america, we are getting this opportunity to start a nation anew. they had opinions on what it was like to live under a monarch. and they had ideas on what the ideal nationstate should be. and i found that there were large impacts on their vision and one was the nytimes meant. they had all read the buck on the nytimes meant and the view on the general will and that it had a very big impact and they felt strongly about the quality between the races.

abigail at one time said to john i. don't understand how someone in virginia can have the same passion we have for the resolution for the rights of man and woman, so they had very strong ideas about the quality. on the other hand, they were puritans. and for puritans, the most important thing in the world was order. in order for the government was particularly necessary. and in order for there to be order they believed there had to be hierarchy. as of the oldest child was the most important and that is why it won an ad to bow to another man and one family had a better church van another. sophie is to work competing with

each other in their views is what the ideal nationstate should be. i had my characters now and i wanted to be an equal opportunity biographer and to give them equal space and if anything to pressure a little bit to the side and say you've already had your turn. i wanted to divide it into three and divide one of their own abigail, one third on elizabeth and one third on mary for about four chapters and it was a fiasco. this isn't working. so what i decided to do is let the story pull me along.

she's going off to paris and london and i'm trusting that everyone will realize. she wrote home to her sisters that they were also embroiled in this and so abigail would write a letter and it was known she was going to write for the whole neighborhood. and that mary would get the great pleasure of having everyone important in the neighborhood come over and she would read aloud her letter. and when there were other chapters she was trying to find a minister for the first congregational church of quincy. even john adams thinks she's the most important person in quincy and one-day abigail catches him opening a letter that mary has written to her and she is

serious. she says how can you open a letter? it's not just any letter is from mary. and there's nobody that knows more than very that i'm interested in so they were involved in and then there was a lot on elizabeth. she is the sister that is the prettiest in the beginning. and i probably say the most beautiful. there is a wonderful picture of her that i have in my book at the end she was always a magnificent looking woman. she was very much in love when she got married and then things happened. i spent quite a bit of time with her as well and sound i turn out not to be an equal opportunity biographer. and i share her view about how abigail felt on a quality and

this is a chapter that is right after john adams has been elected president and abigail has left very behind in quincy and gone off to new york. mary explicitly acknowledged the gap between her brought in life and her sisters. you are in the midst of the busy world by almost out of it who arrived in new york in finding jobs for healthier than to anticipate. john was always telling abigail that she was dying so he would come and join it and not do what she thought she had to do at home. she had been swept up in a social world. the contrast in their lives had escaped abigail who after a few weeks away from home included in the letter a general statement to the people she lost.

i have a favor to request of all of my friends. it is a desire to them to watch over my conduct the information with respect to them arriving as they may suppose my situation in life i beg the freedom to acquaint me with it. i do not feel within myself the least disposition of the kind that i know that and kind are prone to deceive themselves, she added. but her words were a deeper view of connection. though struck of luck did she feel short. so abigail sounded perfectly natural to circumvent john's approval and using her daughter as a go-between the pocket money that she could spare in the small budget and she did not have a large budget.

anticipating her sisters anguished she reminded her do not talk about obligations, reversed the matter and then ask your self if you would not do as much for me were for it was a bit have added. their view was not a democratic process nor did she think much of a quality on earth. hierarchy guaranteed order which was crucial to the survival of mankind. but the family ran on a lofty system of government. she and her sisters differed only in birth order where mary reigned supreme otherwise he always had been and always would be equal harbingers of the more perfect world debate. so, i would like to hear any questions that you may have funny.

yes. i thought that i had made it clear this time. yes. >> you mentioned. this was the second and what was so interesting about it was first of all the sisters had sent their children to be elizabeth's first husband, and then their children sent their children to the second husband's school. but they would write each other and say this isn't because of the husband. this is because our sister is so literate to install the love of

greeting them and so it was a boarding school. and it turned out to be very nice. grandchildren, great-grandchildren went to be educated there. there. >> [inaudible] >> it was millions of letters. i named a few but there were just so many letters and they really did love each other so much it was a good thing that i have elizabeth being competitive at some point otherwise it would be these women that just couldn't do enough for each other. and mary just didn't feel -- she said we feel each other's pain and mary said at one point we are better wives than anyone will ever know.

and they saw themselves as equals and so mary is happy to do everything for abigail's house and the wife of the first ambassador to england and the second president of the united states. she is also their having such a hard time i have to help her out and on the other hand and abigail said i have to send my sisters anything i can because i'm having this opportunity. so they didn't feel so connect connected. >> [inaudible] >> well, she was a slave for their father and gave the choice about how they freed her and kept her a slave and free of her

and abigail and her husband living in the house when she was in europe and they handled the house for her. under mary's supervision, absolutely. they were these master administrators. >> it seems to me it was the fifth party to this whole thing and obviously they seem to wreck it nice the times they were in [inaudible] >> very much. mary's husband was in the state legislature as a judge, so she was very much a part of what was happening. but they saw the times as we

have a chance. first they thought let's get to this revolution and so that's totally preoccupied of them and then afterwards when they one there was hell are we going to run this? what are we going to do? the greeks and the romans, so they spoke in a very high level about what their choices were. >> [inaudible] >> i am in several biography groups but one is called winning writing women's lives and when i first announced that i was giving this book that the ahead of the seminar came up to me and said you know, i am the great

grand daughter of mary who has now become very good friends and she is a wonderful woman kathy chamberlain she said i have all of this information and i have the private diaries of mary's daughter so she was just a major help to me and subsequently she has been so nice i just signed nine bucks for her she went to the independent bookstore near her house but she is sending to all of her relatives. so anyhow i am very happy to be associated with them. after he was already courting mary he is the one that everybody gives credit to for

educating and getting these girls to the books they were curious and they went into their father's library that they had no one to guide them. he was from a gland, the father was fro from a master and had te most books in the community and so, he came for dinner and either because he immediately felt in love with the 15-year-old mary or because he was a great guy he said okay you are interesting. and that is why he elizabeth who was the youngest at the time was the best educated because she had the longest time with them. >> [inaudible] >> well, i got a lot of information from this site. i'm trying to think. also, i got a lot from the foreign minister of the church.

i'm not sure how much i got from the quincy library. i'm sure i got something. yes, i definitely did. and so much was in the massachusetts historical society. so sometimes there was a duplication. >> [inaudible] well are the major argument is when they were young. they were always joined at the hip. hip. evil is a plus six years younger than abigail. so abigail in particular felt like she should listen to us. and so they had a very strong -- well not mary so much, mary stayed out of it but abigail had strong ideas about who she

showed and should not mary. she was urging her to come to boston. come to boston. i am here and so and so would the implications. and then elizabeth fell in love with the man that she married. and for some reason, and the only thing that i could find in any of the letters is that they were anti-calvinist. but she hated john shaw. he didn't. he said congratulations. your sister is getting married. she said i wouldn't congratulate her in a million years. and she didn't. she went to the wedding. she never wrote elizabeth when she first moved which is where she lived with her husband.

but not abigail. then john was sent to europe and abigail was devastated. and elizabeth who could read people very well and at that time she wrote to abigail saying not why haven't you written me, why don't you care x. she said this would be a wonderful thing but for you this is a tragedy if and i just want to send my sympathy. she had lived a loss for the two of them and she said this is awful i just want you to know that i feel for you. at that point she got off of her high horse and said how are you? how is your husband?

i am thinking of you as well. i think that because out of guilt wasn't married she was the middle sister. she wanted to be older than someone. and at one point when she was in europe on the she heard from mary that elizabeth was sick and that elizabeth was still trying to get up and come here to the borders and she wrote this letter that said you can't do this you must stay in bed. this is what they kil -- this is ridiculous. she said maybe i have been a little bit too hard. she said i'm sorry about the tone i took.

he elizabeth wrote back of course i've never mistake in anything that you have said even when we were younger. [laughter] to be, you know, calling on your older ship. i knew that it was because you loved me so much. so there continued to be a little bit of rivalry but very little as they got older. >> how did she adjust when she got married with no help around the house was a difficult? they had some help. they had their daughters. initially i think that their

mother and i know there are other and even their father came to their houses to help them and then their daughters were raised to work in the house with them. they were tutored and so their minds were taken care of, but they also were held in the house on wash day and i explored that particularly with the daughter of mary and in europe of course abigail had brought two servings and they did use of servings from time to time. but abigail had brought to europe and felt that's fine this is a woman and a man i trust and they can take care of everything. then she writes to paris and she finds out you have to have somebody do each little thing. if someone does your hair, someone puts your address on, somebody does one room, somebody

cleans another room literally she was very resentful. she said this is ridiculous. i hav have to give them a fortue and it was all of the money that john was being paid and they never had that much money. >> [inaudible] how did abigail handle flex >> it wasn't something that anyone talked about. there were two things you did not talk about and one of them was alcoholism because the brother had died so close him and when her son became so ill all they said was he is a problem and then it became clear that he was dying and she dealt with that much better. john said i will have nothing to do with him and his vices but i found a wonderful letter from john to his son after charles

had died saying my losing the presidency isn't anything. you know how deep the affection was that it was just such a horrible thing. and then the other thing that you didn't mention is that somebody coughed. if anybody coughed you just ignored it. but if you coughed it might mean you have tuberculosis. he would never mention that somebody was coughing. you might say they have a fever and then lay down the road.

you mentioned her briefly a little while ago. you write about in your book how abigail's grandmother and her relationship with her and how probably it was her grandmother that gave her independent spirit at her sisters have the same relationship with the grandmother? >> abigail was the bad child and so the mother had to send her away. and also there was a lot of spirit but it easier to have respect and easier as a grandmother to be more forgiving than the mother but the other sisters didn't and when mary got married elizabeth could not -- for a while when the parents were all right, elizabeth left and lived with john and abigail

but when the parents got sick which was quite soon she had to be there taking care of them and the grandmother was gone by th then. >> when do you believe is the best time to set a new example? ex- >> [inaudible] >> with time and life? that's interesting. what time in childhood? i think all the different stages matter. i mean for my knowledge of children you make one impact of the four and then when they are

in adolescence they think they've forgotten everything and then they are surprised to have remembered some but i think the best as they could as parents. they were strong appearance and some of them turned out well and some of them didn't and so much had to do with luck. [applause] from the 2014 conservative action conference booktv talked

to richard about his new book i is on target. he chronicles the history of the navy seals an seals and discusse operations going back to the vietnam war and reports on the actions of two seals that perished during the attack on the american diplomatic mission in libya on september 11, 2012. >> joining us on booktv is author richard miniter. what do you write about? >> i write about things that interest me and i hope other people. this latest book, i is on target, is about the culture of the navy seals. united states navy has spent millions of dollars trying to discover how the navy seal is made. what makes some people see the trading and what makes 70% of people fail. they look at the demographics, ethnicity, they look at religion and they found out none of that

matters. the navy seals senator demint standout navy seals grew up on public housing. some are hispanic and asian, many of them are foreign born and one was born in a prison in communist prison with a struggle. so a couple of walks of life all from economic backgrounds. you can't fin can find a common denominator except for one thing. when they get through all these levels of training it makes than a standout in the combat and did they do three things at the same time but you know what you do is to dominate their body. they were able to control and it's one of those things they do with that forces them to be able to do that to go almost a week.

the second is that dominates your mind. you must fight confusion and fear. it was a great physical defeat and mental defeat your mind gets worn out, too. your ability to fight through that. and certainly a dominates your spirit and drive your well and constantly go forward. to be able to do those three things at the same time it's very individual to be able to do one or the other or the third one. to be able to do all three is extraordinary. and the culture of the unique people is under threat as the politically correct defense department to change what is allowed among the set of the command changing as well and that was interesting to me and why i wrote the book. >> are there women in the field? >> not yet although the defense

department is looking. there are former seals that have operations though some would say they are now. but those are unusual out flyers. not everyone can be a sealed. in fact very few people can. it's an extraordinary thing. whether there is a lot of debate in the community about whether the women can physically do it i talked to a ranger. he pointed out in the olympic athlete, a woman olympic athlete who couldn't get through the ranger training and there are male olympic athletes that faild to get through the training so the question is it is a practical and physical one. can you physically and/or 100

physical hours. the fields are operating the demanding environments on earth. there are steel observations drafting 40,000 feet 10 miles offshore, swimming underwater. one of the missions we talk about in the book literally swimming with sharks in the philippines. the cold waters of the pacific. they are operating in high-altitude at 11 or 12,000 feet in the mountains of afghanistan and other places. so that is a great deal of physical endurance. spirit how many navy seals are there and how many try out? >> the exact number is classified but it's about 2,000 navy seals worldwide in the alumni.

many think about the navy seals but those that actually get to try out is about 10,000 over the last ten years so it even gets to the point that you can go to their basic underwater demolition in their basic training for the seals. it used to be that you have to join the navy and go through the training and now you can get training directly but even after you get through there is another demanding training program so it takes about a year and a half to two years of the process to get through this program and very few do. less than 20% make it through the program and these are highly selective people demonstrating the capability. they are former marines, olympic athletes, all these people. >> how long does one stay?

>> that is a great question. a number of them are still in active duty into their late 30s. they want to do about 20 years. one of the things i discovered though is a wreck or number early retirement, people looking up to 16 or 12 years. it is becoming more politically correct. there are al qaeda prisoners that press charges but turnout to be on trial but they went on for a year and a half before they were exonerated and once they were found not guilty in the seal team ten captured the leader in falluja responsible for hanging those four american bodies of the coverage of falluja that is the infamous atrocity that was seen around the world. five years later they still can't capture the guy behind it

and they turned him in without firing a shot. so that's like a thriller, the chapter. but behind it he was woke him up about four hours after the capture and said you're in big trouble. he said why? the prisoner has a bloody lip and that led to a year and a half of charges and the deals were later exonerated and he then decided after he had an object to this scrutiny they just didn't want to sign up for another tour. they lost millions of dollars of training invested in each of these men. this was something that we needed to really think about. we need to protect the human rights of the prisoners but we also have to realize that the al qaeda captures afghanistan and other places they make false reports in the military red tape to keep the fighters off the field and to be aware that sometimes the enemy will make that report on purpose, not on good faith and we have to

protect the field and other special operators from that or they will spend all of their time and not enough time protecting fellow americans from the deadliest people on earth, al qaeda. >> what kind of access were you granted? >> i got a very good amount of access to the current retired fields. they wrote american sniper of the deadly seals sniper. we looked at a fair amount of that. >> why do we hear so much about seal team six? >> we should be. one of the things they complain about is that they are becoming famous and they thought it was a mistake. it would be better to see van to name that unit. when there was an attack about

90 days after bin laden's death to the helicopters it was the single greatest loss of life in their history. they thought that was a virtually issued by al qaeda for them killing osama bin laden. but it made them think of their lives and the lives of their families. we know from the intelligence documents in the buck that all qaeda has a unit that looks at the special media to define the media and the families. >> this is an acronym for? >> sea air and land basically. it was developed in the kennedy years. they cleared up the obstacles for the submarines.

it came about in the 1960s with kennedy. of course the jfk had been the skipper and understood the ability for the small boats and the small crew of the navy personnel of what a difference they could make and they pushed the force that could go in all of the environment and not just operating in the ships but very far on the land and in the mom they went out of the blue waters to the counterinsurgency and even the jungles into cambodia, vietnam. and in the koran for in iraq and afghanistan, they are updating thousands of miles from the sea. some of them say the only water that we have. spec you finish up eyes on the target in benghazi.

>> that's right. benghazi gets ignored and it is an important part of the story because two of the four victims in the attack are former navy seals and in the course of the interview we kept hearing about this. benghazi is a fascinating story that has been largely overlooked. we found a couple things that are new. we found an intelligence report circulating inside of the cia and the defense department and the state department even months before the deadly attack in benghazi warning about an al qaeda buildup and one of them had a photograph of all qaeda in the square in downtown benghazi about two months before the attack in june there were some 300 actors waving their guns in the air and calling for the

death of the u.s. ambassador. at the same time the state department is denying security for that. they also knew that the private wife of ambassador stevens was no end used as a targeting device by al qaeda and some of his friends and associates. he is jogging schedule was post you could post it on the site. the attacks were utterly ignored and then we have a minute by minute account of the key attack and then they had more than 40 diplomats and public security personnel in benghazi so i don't think they had to die. the ambassador died in the first half an hour of the attack and that they were separated in small buildings in which they were suffocated to death and the attackers knew exactly where the diesel fuel was hit in on the

ground and they set the fire where the ambassador died of smoke inhalation. but the other two died eight hours later. there was ample time to save them but also we want to highlight the role of the training and how they volunteered. they saved the diplomats and how the sacrifice saved a lot of lives. ..