the alcove there were the book will be available. see you there. [applause] >> you're watching book tv. for more information visit the authors website. >> james's next. he argues for the americans that they want to know what the country will be like the liberals have their way out taxation many to look no further in california where citizens are taxed more heavily than anywhere else in the country. this is about an hour.

[applause] >> thank you. actually, want to thank you very much better action. i think it's actually just the high quality people. i really appreciate your ploys. i also appreciate there addresses of your of the reagan ranch and doukhobors shoes. i reminded of the fact that tomorrow in san juan capistrano very near or live is the swallows state where they actually have a law on the books that you could be arrested for being in san juan capistrano without cowboy boots. i were them once your. i understand that there are some students from belem and pier. now, you know i graduated from bowling and representative. as a matter of fact, i was a border there. because you don't have the boarding school there anymore,

but as a border i have a habit of talking after curfew. the jesuits would tell us that you can't talk after 945 or 10:00. i kept on getting in trouble for this. and so for those of you that have not attended a jesuit institution or don't go the bill and then there is concept of punishment that we have a parliament called jug. and that is referred to as justice sandra got. and that was one of the most heavily judge students at palin in during monday, but my talking helped to lead to something because i get to express myself while. part of the book is a fine education i got. well, you know, there are a couple of things i want to really hone in on what you about california's problems and how california's problems relate to places out of the state.

kinesthesia show of hands of students or outside of california? abcaeight. so this is going to be a little bit california's center, and you are in california to begin with. a lot of what i'm going to say about public employee pension problems in municipal problems among municipal bankruptcies relates across the board, not only just in california. the thing is california is leading the nation. many of you have heard of the terrible municipal bankruptcy in detroit which is the largest bankruptcy that has occurred in the nation. that bankruptcy was predictable, but it happened over time and it happened because of circumstances very similar to california. liberal democrats were in control for a long time. they did not use spending constraints. public employee unions controlled and dialect to various offices. the price was right with corruption. they got a lot of welfare into the city and ended up paying very high public employee

salaries and have very high commitments to the public employee union pension funds. the city went completely bankrupt and is the largest municipal bankruptcy in the country. california led the way because prior to the jury the largest u.s. bankruptcy in the country was stockton here in california. stockton went into bankruptcy for exactly the same reason, for paying its public employees to much, for developing huge obligations to its public employee pension fund and for doing incredibly stupid things like using public funds to build hockey stadiums for a hockey team that did not exist. it was a government version of building baseball fields and helping the come. it's not like stockton

precipitating the fact of the banks actually repossess city hall the day before they file for bankruptcy. so i am a political scientist. i am not an economist, but logic is logic. let me walk you through a little bit of information that i have. maybe if we have time for questions we will do that. okay. many of you don't pay taxes. who pays taxes? okay. there are few people out there. is there anybody in here that is looking forward to paying taxes? all right, what you are probably looking forward to doing your duty. you're probably looking forward to supporting fair government, for fear of new services to be the problem is that the storage my will talk about taxes, but what i want to get into is what is merely going to affect a live particularly you guys at the

london. i am gone to give an example about how bad san jose is. california has had deficits for years. it has had deficits for years because it has just spent too much. it is not a question and not taxing. the state is to spend too much. a huge part of the reason that it's been too much is because the public employees is a basically taken over lock stock and barrel politics. since the year 2000 the california teachers association is spent $300 million to influence elections and lobbying the state of california. right behind them is the service employees international union and about 150 billion -- 150 million divvy the correctional officers, the prison guards which is a big player in california politics. so between those three public employee unions these public employee in suspect half a billion dollars in california

politics. now in comparison one of the biggest lobbyists and the state is chevron oil, particularly here in santa barbara. that's bad. they were involved in that orioles built 34 years before you were born. it still is a feature in california politics that keeps us from exploding offshore oil and even exporting energy resources in the rest of the state that, of course, could balance our budget reintegrate economy in all these jobs. but we have this terrific environmentalism as a result of the spill the stops that progress. what chevron well spent on politics in the state, 90 million in comparison to the half billion of the public employees. the california chamber of commerce represents all the big industry in the state, a lot of reasons to care about what happens in the california legislature. have been able to come will begin a 50 million. the public employee unions have outstripped california businesses by tenfold in that

case. even the indian casinos which are huge players and special interest in the state have spent less than the public employee union. the problem that we have in california is that the general public does not perceive public employee union control as a special-interest. you have big tobacco, big tobacco. big oil, at&t, telecommunications all trying to influence the system, but none of them have a pervasive power of the public employee unions have. the public employee unions have manifested that power most completely in electing democrats to office, every statewide office, all eight of them, all eight constitutional offices are held by liberal democrat. the public employees union specifically spent $5 million to help elect jerry brown for years ago. they spend 4 million to collect the superintendent of public and

sprint to public inspection. professional politician. democrats have two-thirds control of both houses of a legislature, state and senate and assembly. well, with all this control it means that republicans are essentially powerless to buy because when you have below the one-third threshold there are many, many -- there are much fewer things that the republican minority can do to help improve legislation. democrats are in total control. we understand that, absolutely total control. and two wheels understand that as a result of their policy the california state income tax is the highest in the nation. the california state sales taxes nuys in the nation. the gas tax is the highest in the nation. ..

is considered poverty line. part of the reason is the cost of living in california because california is a desirable place to live. it's got great weather and we have got our cosand yosemite and all the cool things that young people like and enjoy doing. but the reality is that the cost of living is increased by consumption taxes. a consumption tax is a tax on the good or thing and in

california consumption taxes are sales taxes, taxes on gasoline ,-com,-com ma taxes on alcohol and tobacco, taxes on cell phones, taxes on the internet and in some cases there are taxes on cable television, you name it it when you have the highest consumption taxes in the nation what you are doing is you are pushing who are already poor farther into poverty because when you lift the cost of living you take away disposable income and you make people poorer. now brown and the democrats know they are making people poorer in california but they are doing so at the hest of the public employee unions. you would think the public employee unions would be caring about the state in general but they don't care about the state in general. what they care about are protecting their defined benefit plans, pension plans, defined benefit plans and this is where we turn the page over to how your futures are going to be

affected. california is taxing and taxing in making its public poor and one of the reasons it's taxing is because there is isn't enough money to pay for pensions for public employees. it used to be that a person would get a job in the public or and the pay in the public sector might not be as good as it was in the private sector but they take that job in the public sector because they would be a strong defined benefit retirement plan and that person would have a really good retirement. it was a trade-off. that is completely changed in the california of today. in the california of today public employees are among the highest paid individuals in the state in comparison to private employees. and they have the richest benefit plans in comparison to the or. and it's just outrageous and let

me run through some of the statistics for you. in the city of san francisco there are currently over 10,000 city employees that are paid over $100,000 a year. the average pay in california is $52,000 a year for a family of four. so you have got over 10,000 people being paid over $100,000. you have got 70 people in san francisco being paid over $200,000 and there are 20 public employees in san francisco being paid over $300,000 a year including a firefighter who in 2013 was paid $348,000 a year. where i live in 2012 the salary for an average firefighter was $234,000. am i saying we should cut cut salaries? semi-sane public servants and police and firefighter shouldn't

get good -- no, i'm absolutely not saying that you're going to get screwed by their pensions because under california law in 1999 gray davis and the liberal democrats thought the economy was booming and so they decided to add six new benefits to these defined-benefit plans and it created something that allows public safety workers to retire at 50 or 55 at up to 90% of their salary. now when you combine that with the actuarial tables and in fact when i went to bowerman life expectancy was maybe 68 or 72 but to day life expectancy is way extended because we have all these great medical achievements and people are living healthier. you could have a situation where firefighter might retire at age 55.

look at the guy who got the $350,000 salary and you do the math. you give that person 90% of that is it's based on a mathematical formula for the last few years and if that person lives until they are 95, that's 40 years drawing a quarter million dollar pension. it's possible. there are over 25,000 state employees right now that make over $100,000 in pensions so what does it mean? it means that localities can't afford to provide public services to you and me. as i said in the city of san jose chuck reid who is a conservative democrat recently issued a budget for the city that provides for $1 billion in spending. 300 million of the spending is for pensions. now that's 30% of the budget and that's quadrupled over the past 10 years. that pension maintenance has

quadrupled over the last 10 years and probably in five years cities like san jose and others in the state will have their primary purpose 51% of their spending, to take care of the elderly and the elderly are going to be people who are 57 or 58 years for past services. when those budgets get hit and soft without money it means there is less services for the rest of us. san jose has are san jose has are a cut out their burglary unit. they are asking for volunteers to come forward and retired policeman to work for free so they can dupe or gory investigation. anybody from the county of sonoma hear? anybody from the county of san joaquin? those are two important counties in between the two of them they have got 3000 miles apart hold worlds --

or roads that they can't fail. people talk about the problem of infrastructure in california. the reason the roads are terrible is because all of the money is going to pay for public and employee pension and the unions won't let it be reformed. it's the difference between a defined benefit plan and a reform along the lines of what is called a self-directed 401(k). one of the major reforms that has been discussed is instead of putting all this money into defined benefit plans among the reforms being discussed are to have employees take more responsibility for their own retirement and do it in the form of establishing -- that pension plans would establish a 401(k) where the employee would assume the risk of investment but you would still have government money going into it. you have the employee making of her contribution to their retirement.

you have the employer making a bigger contribution to retirement and maybe even have the state doing it. where the state of california might say that it has two or 3 billion-dollar deficit the reality is that when you take into consideration these obligations that the state has the state is near bankrupt as well. the teacher program is $170 billion in debt for net unfunded liability in the calipers program is probably about the same. this is a terrific problem and the solutions are not easy ones because the liberal democrats keep coming back to this theme about raising taxes under the sharad is doing it for the kids. we all know about obama saying if you like your doctor you can keep him. if you like your plan you can keep it. in california that translates to raise taxes like this we need to raise the taxes to do it for the

kids. when they raise the taxes under proposition 30 which passed in 2012 the money didn't go to the kids. the money ended up going according to dan walters -- he is a columnist for the "sacramento bee" the money went for persons welfare and hiking rather than salaries. so that in a nutshell is "taxifornia" and i have a lot more in the book. one interesting thing i might mention in the book is this story about, and you guys are getting ready to go to college, the story about the sophomore who worked on freshman orientation at sonoma state university and she wore a little cross around her neck, just a little cross. it's what you would call a passive display of religiosity and according to a policy the chancellor there made her take it off because they didn't want to offend any of the incoming freshmen.

do you believe that? this is part of the kooky liberalism that all these other problems of spending and protecting special interests helped cause. we need to fight for freedom. ronald reagan and i will just close with this. ronald reagan who i was proud to work with brought in the longest economic expansion in the history of the nation by lowering taxes in 1982. it was longer then that touted carter expansion and he kept his eye on the ball and he believed in limited government and he believed in lower taxes. people prospered. it was john kennedy who said what he lower the capital gains tax is when he became president and iconic liberal a rising tide lifts all votes. the message of "taxifornia" is there's too much spending individuals need to have their

eyes on government so it doesn't get so out of control and it's so one-sided and they're so much liberal democratic control that they are just allowed to run a muck. when you run amok your future is in danger in any way want to thank ron robertson very much a good old friend and comrade who when we were your age we were out there in the trenches fighting jane fonda and her communist allies around the country. i want to thank patrick coyle as well. patrick and i have worked together for a while and patrick has had a great career at young america's foundation. i'm glad to see my friend kirby wilbur here. thank you very much in a viking answer to questions i would be happy to. [applause] i should probably mention the book is available on amazon.com. and i see that c-span is here. >> make sure you say your name.

>> my name is diane. i was wondering what are the steps that california has to take to get back on track? >> yeah i mean it's a great question and i do treat it towards the end of the book. you know i believe that arnold schwarzenegger's governor ship was a failure because when he ran for governor and 2003 i believe it was after we recall the governor on the basis of a new car tax. he got elected and he went to republican conventions saying i'm a conservative. i believe in milton friedman. i don't believe in karl marx but he was lying to us just like obama lied to us. at the same time he was making those comments he was making deals with the california teachers association to say look is there anyway we can work together? i will go out and i will run as a reformed government and blow up the boxes but i won't do anything to hurt you.

he couldn't have it both ways. he had to take some steps to show that you as a governor that was going to try to reform and i talk about this in "taxifornia." he created something called the california performance review commission and this commission had hundreds of volunteers involved pouring all over california state government to come up with recommendations to fix the government. there is even still a california performance review on the web site for the state of california which has the findings and information. according to this review if it was implemented something like $30 billion in savings could be achieved in real simple things. when meg wittman ran for governor she said she ran this thing that have been unimplemented by schwarzenegger. she said they were just no-brainers. simple things like for example the department of motor vehicles you register your car once a

year. under the california performance review he would extend that to two years so you would pay more that you would have it for two years and there would be that much less bureaucratic work associated with it. real simple things. i have a very good friend who is a member of the california performance review named joel fox. he saw that it wasn't being implemented and he asked arnold, why is that being implemented? what he got back from arnold is basically he didn't want to take on the left. he went through some initiatives in 2005 where you try to do some reforms and he got beat and he basically gave up. by the end of his term as chief of staff susan kennedy and the jet -- deputy chief of staff of gray davis and former executive director of the california democratic party. so what steps? yes, it's there. it's called the california

performance review and that's a big start. among the other things that california needs to do to reform are actually ideas of the democrats. michelle rhee who used to be the chancellor of the district of columbia school system has an organization called students first. there is another democrat former majority leader of the state senate named gloria romero involved in this. we pay our teachers at the top level but fourth-graders are finishing 44th, 46, 48th in comparison to the other states in math, reading and science and when you compare teachers at the top the kids perform at the bottom. there is no connection of the dots there. what it means is there's no accountability on the part of the teachers. texas does a better job of educating students for a lot less. we need to learn from those moderate democrats about how to build them meaningful standardized testing. you guys are in high school.

you guys take standard tests all the time but some people made blow them off and say we just have to take this test. it's going to mean meaningless. it's not going to affect our ability to graduate. we should have a test that you have to take to graduate, and so should be used to measure the accomplishments of teachers and how teachers should be paid and whether they need retraining and if teachers are doing really good and if students are doing really good out of high school they should be emulated in other places. that is the reform that is needed, meaningful testing test, teaching of critical thinking. i'm not a big advocate of common core and i know that's a controversial thing but one of the underlying issues of common core which is standardized testa taxpayer accountability standpoint. you can listen to all the stuff about hetero station of education which is important in the left of course hates common

core. i'm not advocating common core but from a taxpayer accountability standpoint we need to have intelligent kids graduating from high school that don't have to take remedial classes when they go to college because it's all about the future in a state like california, where we need to have smart and bright people entering the workforce. did i sort of answer your question? okay. >> hi. my name is josh and i'm from flagstaff, arizona. arizona is a fairly conservative state. >> arizona has public employee pension issues. >> very big red state. my question is that your point about eight offices held by liberal democrats. my question is how do we get to that point? what events or events throughout history led us to this point?

obviously there has to be some opposition against that but why are we at this point now and his young conservatives right now how can we change that and what can we do to help curb back? it's not going to be won overnight but something. >> you are from arizona that you are asking a california intensive question and i respect the question so i will answer it. california, the republican party is nowhere near the republican party status is in arizona were you completely dominate there. it's almost reversed reverse. registration for the republican hardy in california said an all-time low. the party has a 150 year history. it's 29%. which looks terrible. if i was a young republican in california and i wanted to have a political future i would actually say to myself, if i wasn't a conservatconservat ive before i was a republican i would say to myself why would i join this party? i'm not going to have a future in this party.

this party is going down the tubes. in the bay area the registries and it's even worse and in santa monica their suit in congressional district where they stayed his ahead of republican in terms of registration. however, believe it or not half of the elected officials in california holds nonpartisan offices. that is where the party is revealed on the ballot -- are republicans. half. it's only where the party is revealed on the ballot in a partisan election that republicans start losing elections. so republicans nationally have been talking about a branding problem for the last few national elections. we really have that in california. it started in 1998. excuse me, it started in 1994.

when peoples and ran for his last election for governor. i think it was 1994. that resulted in republicans taking control of the california state assembly as well. but willie brown outmaneuvered them so for two years about one of the year's brown actually stayed in and it was a majority republicans. the reason it happened was over the issue of the treatment of illegal immigrants. a ballot proposition was on the ballot in 1994 called proposition 187. the sum and substance of the initiative was to discourage illegal immigration to california by denying illegals certain emergency benefits such as emergency treatment of hospitals and other types of public services for which the taxpayers in the state where paying for it but the illegals

would make no contribution to. wilson was running a very tight race. i think he was against dianne feinstein so he was running a very tight race and he decided he needed an issue that had populist appeal to help him get reelected. so we fully embrace this proposition 187. he got elected within the republican majority coming in to lead the state assemblies and by the way that's the last time that happened. and hispanics took a header pill as a result of that. from that point forward public opinion polls showed support for republican candidates diminishing consistently and fairly rapidly. in 1984 when ronald reagan ran for president in california he got about 45% of the hispanic vote but in the last election in

california romney got about 20%. if romney had gotten the hispanic vote in california that ronald reagan did in 1984 he would have won the california delete it or not. so this is how big the problem is for the california republican party. there's a huge credibility problem that has been exploited by the liberal democrats who continue to portray republicans as insensitive to hispanics. how do you deal with that? you are a party that believes in merit and believes in advancing the best candidates but how can you deal with something like that if there is any perception that you are excluding minorities and specifically hispanics from leadershileadershi p positions. this has been the problem with the republican party in the republican party has done a very poor job in california of trying to get over that.

frankly i think part of the problem has been the republican party has had too many squabbles for it to be a reliable and meaningful source of political change. and of course the business community just gets hammered as soon as they get involved and i think by a very very active left. to show you how frightened the business community is wells fargo which has its headquarters in san francisco -- is one of the largest banks in the country last year it moved its annual meeting for the first time in history the bank to salt lake city for fear of occupying wall street people spoiling their annual meeting. occupy the oakland is absolutely crazy. the people are just crazy. either way the occupy movement is funded by the california teachers association and i have a footnote on that area did they get their banners in their

sandwiches and buses and everything else from there. we have a very radicalized left that seizes on these issues and pushes the republican party down. and it's so radical that the electricians union in oakland went on strike last year demanding living wages because they thought $133,000 a year was not a good enough living wage in oakland, which by the ways the third third most dangerous city in the nation to live. the republican party has a lot of work to do. i think the way changes going to have to come won't necessarily be through the republican party. smart engineers in the bay area are already starting to have an affect on society without having to do it through politics. there is a guy in san francisco that started an outfit called leap transport where he

basically -- he's a wealthy guy and an entrepreneur and he has the money to do it. he saw the municipal transportation system is in ruins. the cars stink. they are blighted by crime. they are slow. he went out and bought some terrific four buses like those swiss touring buses that you can take an excursion on. they have the vista deal up there. they have the wi-fi on it and so on and so forth. you can pull out an app and see where you are driving. he charges six bucks for it. it mimics the municipal system. safe and it's a solution and it's a solution that is accomplishing something great in san francisco without having to get the order of supervisors to vote on it. i think our private sector solutions that are going to come forward in a creative way and i think a lot of them will come out of the bay area entrepreneurs because eventually they will get older and if they don't get involved in politics they are going to you now

participate. there is a transition going on. people talk about google campuses and apple campus and how insular it is. there's there is a transition going on where those people that are supposedly insular and owning their own buses are moving back into san francisco. twitter just recently opened an office on market street taking it bandage of tax incentives by the city of san francisco which is very odd. but bringing people in and as these cultures come together i think that things will come out of it. the left doesn't want good things to come out of it. they want to talk about income inequality. but i have talked you a little bit about public employee union pay incog poignant. that is an argument i hope somebody brings on on because if there is income inequality in california it rests with public employee unions and not with this private sector. >> hello.

i am from california here in santa barbara county and clearly jerry brown and the rest of the gang and sacraments are of living in la-la land and doing a botched job of governing. there has been a proposition recently to decentralize the california government and split it up into six different states. what is your take on that idea? >> it's very interesting and it's a good question. that was on a radio show in redding california. it's way up north. it's lovely. it's near mt. shasta but they have had a lot of economic depression up there. i was on for one hour and there was a call in. there's a movement in northern california called jefferson because they want to start a state that would be -- and it's been going on for a few years. the southern part of oregon and the northern part of california. we were talking about subbot in and talking about how bad the taxes are an slowly the callers

took over the radio program and it became a program about jefferson. they were so interested in the book to justify seceding in creating their own states that even the guy running the radio program said i'm not going to take any more calls about jefferson. i think it's very interesting and i think that we should have a good debate but you have to realize that to accomplish that, you need not only to have votes of the california legislature or the citizens of california. they could do it through an initiative but it would also take the approval of congress and the president and if the republicans were lucky enough to win both houses of congress the next go-round we still can't guarantee that we are going to be able to get something like that through. we have two more years of obama. who knows what's going to happen under obama lacks realistically

it will never happen and we are just going to have to keep fighting the good fight to try to reform the state. i didn't write the book to say people shouldn't come to california. i wrote the book to say california should be reformed but i appreciate the fact that there is a wealthy guy ,-com,-com ma i think it's a silicon valley guy that's behind us. there is a guy that has a lot of funding to be able to do that and i think it's a good deed because it will help the debate about the problem in the state. >> hi. i'm actually from flagstaff arizona and i was wondering. >> flagstaff and -- are. >> how do you suggest that we as young americans would advocate that? >> environmental laws are greatly outdated reticular in

the state of california. it took donald trump something like four years to get a flagpole approved for his hotel in rancho palos verdes because they thought the american flag would be a blight on the view plane. it took him three years to get ficus tree plants approved to put in front of this golf course so the golfballs wouldn't go through and hit people going by because the government didn't like that particular plant. they thought there were other plans. but we don't acknowledge particularly in california is the great success of our clean air act laws already. in california over the last 40 years automobile pollution in the los angeles basin has been reduced 99%. people don't talk about that. we used to have things called

stage i, stage ii, stage iii smog alerts in the l.a. basin. they haven't had a smog alert since about 1989. the reality is that most pollution and i'm going to talk about air now and i will come back, most pollution is caused by cars. it's not necessarily caused by any faction plans. most of it is caused by automobiles and trucks and the reality is that federal standards coupled with california standards have cleaned up the air in california yet they still keep the rules. there is a bakery in lodhi california. anybody know where lodhi california is? there's a bakery in lodhi that was fined $2 million last year or pollution. a bakery because they were in meeting the of baking bread. that is a pollutant in california. the rules really need to be

retooled and even the democrats realize that the rules need to be retooled. google wanted to build an extension on the san jose airport and i talk about this in the book. and it was an extension that they would have paid for and would have allowed for more commercial small plane traffic. the whole thing got held up over environmental rules that the people complaining about the environmental rules that held it up was a construction company that lost a bid to do the extension. and even jerry brown is getting his comeuppance. you know this bullet train that they are going to spend billions on in the central valley, that they are trying to? what is stopping that thankfully i guess because it is a boondoggle are wetlands suits and suits from farmers. when i mention all of this what i need to say is that our

environmental laws are not in use for the purpose that they were created. that is the problem and we really need to have a rethinking. we have to have a change. even the democrats in california have acknowledged that we need to change these things but there is the inertia to do it is simply not there because of the lack of interest on the part of the people that really matter and these politicians are responsible to which comes back to the public employee unions whose bottom line is hands off of our pension programs, fight for higher pay, fight for minimum wages that actually caused job losses so high that they actually caused job losses and aren't focused on helping the people in general. i will say one other thing. a big part of california's problems and in arizona,

california wants to lead the nation in green and basically become the world's policeman for reducing carbon emissions. it's so bad in california that 95% of our energy now comes from natural gas not carbon. we only have one nuclear plant. they won't let the natural gas be exploited from the state. i don't know why. maybe they think think are natural gas is as clean as others than when you have 95% of your natural gas being imported it ends up to be a monopoly and everyone ends up paying more for their energy. that is what's going on now on the state. california can be the world's policeman for green and a time of record unemployment and record poverty. now is not the time to do that in the laws do hurt in terms of

unemployment and poverty and they need to be reformed. >> hi. i name is joe. >> i lived in fremont. do you know where glenmore is? >> that is where i live. do you know what i? >> my parents and that getting an apartment. >> what you think we as high school students can do to make a difference in our schools and communities with what you are talking about? >> it's wonderful that you are here and thank god there is young america's foundation that can have a place for you to come. so many of the programs are focused on college kids says the post to college kids -- high school. i actually joined and i will date myself now that april 1970

was the first earth day and i was among two or three students in protest of earth day and wore suits to school. that was like a revolution at that time. but i think it's wonderful that you are here and this group in particular is available to you with its tremendous resources and tremendous nonprofit charity i can tell you i know -- i don't know what you paid to come here but i can tell you that ron and his staff have gone out and raise the funds. you are getting a great education from here you will learn more and you will learn more and you will learn more. you know, i think high school is probably a little bit different than college. i think in college the professors kind of understand and the administration expects that there is going to be a lot of free speech and a lot of

exchange on the campus whereas in high school i think it's a little bit of a different focus. i think it's preparing for the time that you are going to get into college. i do love political activism and i think it's great to be politically active and politically active in high school but i think high school students, it's only natural that you would feel a little bit like in a cage and wanting to get out. i understand that and i think it's great within the rules of the school that you get out and speak but i think high school is a time for learning and for reading and having interchanged in developing your ideas and developing your thoughts and preparing yourself for when you go to college so when you get to college you can leap out of the box and participate in young americans for freedom chapter and make your way. but let me ask you a question. do you feel constrained or do

you feel you could do more or how do you feel about yourself about high school activism? >> i think it's a pretty open place. i don't know how it was when he went there but there's a lot of back-and-forth between teachers. it's generally pretty open to ideas which i like. we have a lot of people come to the meetings but yeah i feel i am able to be active. some people were talking about everyone is different. i don't feel like it's like that but i live in the bay area so sometimes i feel more constrained. >> the thing is, the bay area for those of you who don't understand the politics of california at the bay area is a wasteland for republicanism but it doesn't mean that some republicans don't come from there and don't go on to be involved and so on and so forth.

where the republican registration is in southern california and the central valley of california going up to the north. those are really the swing areas but you need to represent and so the idea of having some activism in and being involved with activist organizations. i remember ron robinson used to tell me he was in buffalo and part of his activism was whenever there was a snowstorm they would close all the schools. he would be certain to get on the radio and to call and that the chapter wouldn't be having their meeting at the school and that school which help to create an impression that there were a lot of yap chapters, sort of creative. the radio people were saying it so you know i think representing and being involved is very

important but you have to remember your big days are coming in terms of activism when you get to the college campus and really excelling at understanding the philosophy and exposing yourself to it and having this wonderful opportunity to come to this is how you are going to develop. >> hi. i am julianne from malibu california. you have been talking a lot about the solutions to california's many problems. i was wondering how movements like the movement in 1978 play this part of the solution and? >> it goes a little bit too over here. liberal democrats were completely in control of california in 1978. jerry brown was the governor. he is the governor now. jerry brown was the governor in 1978. liberal democrats had very big majorities in both houses and the state legislature and the

problem in 1978 was taxes were getting incredibly high because of inflation that property values. jimmy carter's era was sort of, there was tremendous hyperinflation so california property values were going up-and-up and the method of taxation at the time prior to prop 13 was based on an annual appraised value of a home. if you bought a house for $15,000 in 1950s which would be a comparison and you were a retired couple by then living on you know $1000 or $2000 a month in social security, probably less and your home had gone up in value to $250,000 their annual property tax could be pretty close to what you paid to buy the house 25 years ago. people were being taxed out of

their homes and the response of democrats was to do nothing about it. the response of democrats was to spend money. it was a windfall and unfortunately they establish republican party in the business community did to take on brown. so california is a populous state characterized by a guy named howard charged -- howard jarvis tried two or three times and made a coalition with another guy named paul gand. they got a half a million or so signatures to put a drastic two-thirds cut in the property taxes. he was derided by all of the establishment liberals. establish republican party was not in favor of proposition 13 but the people rose up thinking it was the right thing to do. on election day two-thirds of the people of california were against everybody and they lower

their taxes by 57% for property taxes. it had an effect and in actually helping the economy. tax revenues went down only in the property tax category according to art laffer for about five years, five or six years. after that five years property tax revenues were back to where they were because of expansion of the economy. every other category of taxation revenue grew because this created an economic boom and it said very well into the economic expansion. i don't think there is much hope for california but you raise a terrific point. california has risen up in 1978. we did pass proposition 13. in 2003 we did recall a governor in 2013 believe it or not, the

liberal citizens of the city of los angeles turned down the sales tax hike that was put on the ballot. that's a democratic city but people had enough of taxes. more recently san diego has elected a republican mayor and san diego is one of the biggest cities in the nation. i will close with just saying my book "taxifornia" is not optimistic about the future of california but i think that we have revealed the issues and the problems and this can be no more relevant for anyone but you guye you represent the future and you don't want to live in a society i assure you for all these local governments and all these local government services and purposes are completely change to basically running retirement programs. it needs to be reformed and people need to understand it and we need to reach out to uneducated, uninformed people and make them informed so that we can change our great country

and change your grades date and move into right direction. anyway i want to thank everybody for the opportunity. [applause] thank you. next on booktv michio kaku talks about the latest advances in brain science. he says her understanding of the brain and technological advancements make it possible to now record our memories and dreams communicate telepathically and control robots with our minds. this is about an hour and 15 minutes. [applause]

>> you well after such a great introduction i can't wait to hear the speaker myself. [laughter] sometimes all these introductions can backfire. recently new york magazine voted me as one of the 100 smartest people in new york city. i thought wow what an honor but in all fairness, in all fairness i have to admit that monona also made that same list. [laughter] understand that next year lady gaga is going to push me off the list entirely. now today i'm going to talk about the future, the future of the mind.

let me quote from the great philosopher of the western world yogi bera. yogi bera once said quote prediction is awfully hard to do especially if it's about the future. [laughter] how about physicists? we can predict the future of the universe billions of years into the future so let me quote from that of the great philosopher woody woody allen. he once said quote eterna d. is an awful long time especiallespeciall y toward the end. [laughter] you may say to yourself what is a physicist know about the mind? what does a physicist know about daily life? well we are the ones who invented the transistor. we invented the laser. we helped to assemble the first computer and the internet.

we helped to assemble the first computer and the internet. we wrote the world wide web and along the way we invented television. we invented radio, radar, microwaves ,-com,-com ma x-ray machines and don't forget we created the space program and the gps satellite and we physicists love to make predictions. when we helped to assemble the internet one physicists predicted that the internet would become a forum of high culture high art and high society. [laughter] today we know that 5% of the internet is pornography but that is because teenage boys log onto the internet. just wait until the grandmas and grandpa's log onto the internet. then 50% of the internet will be

pornography. [laughter] again you may say to yourself well how does physics differ from chemistry or the other sciences? let me tell you a little story. during world war ii once the nazis captured a bunch of american scientists and they call them spies, spies. they were about to be executed by firing squad. there was a geologist, a physicist and a chemist about to be shot by the firing squad by the nazis. they lined them all up and then just as they were about to push the trigger all of a sudden the geologist says earthquake, earthquake. chaos broke out and then in the chaos that geologist snuck away. now it was just a physicist and a chemist. they were lined up in the firing squad and then suddenly the physicist said lightning,

lightning. well in the chaos the physicist sneaks away. now it's just a chemist. so they line up the rifles and all of a sudden the chemist says fire, fire. [laughter] sometimes it just doesn't pay. so anyway today i'm going to talk about the future of the mind. ever since i was a child i have been fascinated by two things. first i have been fascinated by outer space by the origin of the universe. in fact that is what i do for a living. that is my day job however i have also been fascinated by inner space. what lurks on your shoulder that can stimulate the brain? the computer would be the size of a city block. that is how big the computer would be.

energy would require a nuclear power plant to fire it up and a river to cool it down but your brain operates on 20 watts of power so if someone calls you a dimbulb that as a compliment. [laughter] and you don't need a nuclear power plant to energize your brain. just a hamburger is fine. how is it possible to? my latest book, "the future of the mind" i am proud to say is now number one on "the new york times" bestseller list. [applause] so i'm not the only one fascinated by the mind because the book is now the number one hardcover book in the united states. my previous book was also a bestseller, physics or the future. in fact they tell me this is the first time in world history that

the word physics entered "the new york times" bestseller list and i did it twice. in physics of the impossible i even go 500 years into the future where we have starships, teleportation and maybe even time travel. i answer the question, what happens if you go into a time machine and go back in time to meet your teenage mother before you were born and she falls in love with you? well if you are a teenage mother who falls in love with you before you are worn you are in deep do doo doo if that happens. so let us talk about the two greatest mysteries in the universe, the origin of the universe and what is seen on your shoulders, inner space and outer space and last year the politicians got wind of the excitement. we have learned more in the last

five to 10 years about the mind than in all of human history combined. president barack obama last year got wind of this and in his state of the union address announced the brain initiative. just like the human genome project, change the course of medicine giving us a list with all of our genes on it, obama announced the brain initiative. with the europeans $1 billion, that's billion with a b not in n will be devoted to printing a map of the brain. just think of it, we will have the genome and the connector all connections of the mind on a disk raid the short-term goal is to cure mental illness.

mental illness has been with us since biblical times. even the bible mentions mental illness but if we have the the connect dome and we have the genome on two discs than in some sense if you die you live forever. you live forever in some sense because your personality, your memories, your wants and desires are coded inside a disk. so when i was a kid, i was fascinated by telepathy, reading minds, telekinesis, moving objects with the mind, recording memories, uploading memories, photographing the gene. believe it or not we can do all of the above and you will see that in today's slideshow. when i was a kid i used to try to read people's minds. i would try real hard to move objects with the mind. i finally came to the conclusion

that maybe there are two telepath that walk the surface of the earth but i was not one of them. and then in science fiction of course it's full of telepath's. these are things that we can now do in the laboratory. things that we could only dream of we now do in the laboratory. and even recording memories and uploading them. hollywood is always ahead of us. this is the movie the matrix but even reality, reality itself is in memory of bloated into the mind. let me ask you a question. late at night just before you go to sleep, late at night have you ever had that eerie sensation that maybe, maybe life is an illusion? maybe it's just a memory uploading into your mind like the matrix and you are the only

one that is real. in some sense someone is testing you to see whether you are smart enough to figure out that you are the only real one. have you ever had that weird feeling? raise your hand if you have ever had that dealing. well, you are crazy. [laughter] you think you are the only one in the universe? gives me a break. you see, i'm the only one in the universe. i am sitting in my bed right now this is just a memory of bloated into my mind. i'm just sitting in my bed all by myself. hollywood of course is always ahead of us and when it comes to uploading memories knowing can do it better than the former governor of california. [laughter] the former governor of california have the memory of being married to sharon stone uploaded into his mind and look what happened to him.

this is total recall and in total recall arnold schwarzenegger is the good guy. for 99% of the movie he is the good guy. we identify with him. he was the hero. and in the last minutes of the film you find out he is actually the bad guy with good guy memories of bloated. it's the only movie i know where he is both the hero and the villain simultaneously. and then we have ironman comics and the movies. exoskeletons. we can now do this in the laboratory. in fact the pentagon realized there are thousands of wounded warriors in iraq and afghanistan. they are now connecting the brain directly to him a tentacle arm and exoskeletons bypassing the spinal cord totally. we cannot do this in the laboratory. and then why not live our life through an avatar, a surrogate?

surrogates have perfect buddies. they are superhuman and strength. they are perfect. they are gorgeous. why not live our life through a surrogate or an avatar? this could be this future of the space program. ever see the movie with sandra bullock? womack. space is dangerous so why not send a robot into outer space guided by you and you are in your hot tub in your living room. ..

right there again. every kid knows that superman's father dies when krypton blew up. the latest movie has that draft. in the latest movie superman's father is reduced to a computer program. his mind, is pathways of the brain are encoded in the computer program. he comes back to life as russell crowe. russell crowe is a hologram that has all the memories, personality quirks, all the expressions of superman's father is this possible? this could be the end product of

president barack obama's initiative. we will have a dip called brain two. zero, brain two. zero that lives on even after we die. and then the question is, can the mind exist without the body? 200, 300 years ago people thought that the spirit, the soul was different from flesh and blood. then we have modern science which tells us, no, no, no. the brain is well aware, like are rare. the brain is computer well aware. the mind is software. the mind is software running on where. if we can but the mind than it did this billion dollar project of barack obama just as the ancients one-stop.

but let's talk about science. that was hollywood. now let's talk about science. because the physics we can now appear right into the thinking process of the mind. with mri scans we can actually seek god's ricochet across the mind like a ping-pong ball. the can actually see mental illness in action. this is a brain scan. on the left is the brain when you tell the truth. the right area represents blood flow which is very easy to measure with an mri scan. when you tell the truth of it happens all when you tell like ahmad, yes, first you have to know the truth. then you have to create the line they you have to calculate the consistency of the line with all the other lies you been telling all these years. that's a lot of brainpower.

your brain lights up like christmas tree. and now if you take a look at the brain, look at it from the point of view of evolution, of brain is like a museum. the cutbacks. the back part of the brain is the most ancient part of the brain called the reptilian brain. when you're in a car accident and you get whiplash back here but sometimes you lose your sense of balance. what's back here is the most ancient part of the brain, the reptilian brain. in the middle is the monkey brain commend the brain of emotion, the brand of social hierarchy, hunting in the pact, forming coalitions, understanding the intentions of the people. and the front of the brain is the thinking brain. that is the brain of humans. now that we have brain scans the contest old wives' tales to see

whether these all wives' tales about the mind of sure not. for example, many people, many parents when they look at a teenage children are thoroughly convinced that teenagers are brain damaged. yes. teen-agers are brain damaged. you can actually see the brain scans. it's amazing. the prefrontal lobe is not fully formed in teenager's. so the next time you argue with a teenager, you know he's put his head against. another of live sell is that when a man talks to a pretty girl he starts to act stupid. that is true. you look at a brain scan of a man talking to a prettyblood dre prefrontal. his men act retarded, stupid. it's absolutely true. you can see that with brain scans. old wives' tales can now be

tested again science. and then if you were to cut the brain horizontal you have to hemispheres. on the left and right hemispheres. different parts of the mind, connected to different parts of the body. if you electrify this part of the brain that when you talk to

a dad the real loser then years. and now with this said said you will know ahead of time if your going to go home long night.

and i think i'm going to give these to my students in college. that will see all my students. it fears go seen them will say have. another a. so you can do this now. this has gotten the attention of apple computers and microsoft. they're looking into this. maybe one day you will simply control of your laptop by thinking. the headset will pick up radio from the brain. computers will decipher the signal and move the cursor. you can already tight. we can already type by the power of the mind because computers cannot decipher what your thinking about. and one day it's going to be sexy. all of a sudden passion mont -- fashion models will start to wear these things as well.

it will be fashionable to control computers this way. in fact one day when you walk in your room you may mentally turn on lights, mentally set the thermostat, mentally turn on the tv, mentally call for the car and mentally drive the car just by thinking about it. this is my colleague, stephen hawking, the great cosmologist two is now lost control of his fingers. he can only blank. that's all i can do. but what we did was put a chip in his right glass. next time you see steven and television look get his right from. is a chip in a glass. that chip except radial from his brain, converts it to signals and operations like a laptop computer. this is how steven that communicates with the world. not just a laptop.

why not an exoskeleton this is what has been done at brown university, duke university. they put a chip right on top of the brain that does not hurt because the brain doesn't have any pain sensors. then this chip is connected to a laptop which then controls a wheelchair. this gentleman here had a stroke. he is a vegetable. he cannot scratch his nose. you cannot talk. he cannot do anything blank. blank is the only thing he can do. at brown they put a chip in his brain to mike in the ticket to a computer. he can now surf the web, read the mail, write the memo, play video games, do crossword puzzles, operatives will chair cannot bring household appliances, anything you can do on a computer he can also do as he is totally paralyzed.

and we have now connected also a brown university this paralyzed woman to a mechanical arm. she also is totally paralyzed. she can only blank. when you connect to her to a mechanical arm she could pick up a coca-cola for the first time in years and scratcher knows. in answer to mount a you feel? and she blinked and she blent inches build up the words, i want robot's legs next. well, that's coming to. the pentagon got wind of this. they realized a mile, my god, think of all the wonder warriors . what is our country doing? welcome will were doing is pretty mechanical ones. so sensitive you can't pick up in egg without breaking it.

you can add five. you can handshake. that is how delicate these are built at johns hopkins university. not only that but complete exoskeletons and next. we're going to bypass the spinal cord for these people. the car accident, strokes, football accidents on the football field, hundreds of them, thousands of people who are partially or fully paralyzed. were going to make sure they walk again by bypassing the spinal cord. now, at duke university is one scientist from brazil. he is creating this exoskeleton for somebody who is fully paralyzed. so the next time you watch the international soccer cup games in brazil there will be

initiated, and exoskeleton. and then they're looking insert rich and avatars. in the movie avatar you were in a pot. decontrolled mentally another being. this is that japan where we have a row was connected to a man. he controls the robot. this could be the future of police work, fire and an emergency work and people put the lives of allied. why have a robot? and it could also be the future of education surrey its will one day be in the classroom. this is a surrogate. potential of some one. it teacher looks at the

surrogate and sees the face of the people who is sitting in bed . the people, in turn, sees an image of the teacher was listed in the sick. remember when we briand kamal used to play hooky. those were the good old days, right? they're gone. isn't the future wonderful? you will never be able to play hooky again because the teacher always knows every single day there is the surrogate right there in that chair. and a brain is connected to the eyes. why not use the eyes as a direct with input information. this is the future of the internet. the future of the internet is to be in your contact lens. you blink and you go online. and you're the first people to buy into a contact lenses to my college students taking final examinations.

my students will blink and they will see all the answers to my exam right there for to him. and who is the second person to buy internet contact lenses? president barack obama so we doesn't have to have the stand teleprompter is giving his speech. who is the third person to get into of contact lenses? vice-president joe biden said he never says anything cuphea again . and a valentine's day. think of all the romeos to return tied. they can say roses are red violence a blue. think of all of romeo's it can't give a couple of the ground for their loved ones. in the future although stern tied ramirez will have beautiful words emanating from their mouths right out of a poetry book because it is a out of a poetry book. nasa is interested in this

because astronauts in our space have to see the blueprint. there in aerospace, for god's sakes. there is no blueprint. they will see it right there in your eyes. these glasses, these contact lenses, by the way, will also recognize people's faces. when you bump into somebody will always know who they are ibidem many times of the bin of a conference like this in the bulb and the somebody and say, i know this person. and of this. it is this person. in the future your contact lens will say, it's jim, stupid. [laughter] the complete biography, you will see him every time there's a meeting here and rainy day bucks. let's say you're looking for a job dramatic arts show party. the know there are some very important people of that car to a party, but you don't know who they are. in the future you will know exactly who to suck up to any tac toe party.

husband and wife will connect there contact lenses together. how many times as the husband of the wife went shopping and bought the wrong thing. go back and return that. it's right. in the future you will see what you're out of their work to seeing and say, no, don't buy that, no, by this instead. and so surrogates will repair damaged reactor's like in fukushima, point out fires, explore aerospace. you will be in a hot tub mentally controlling all these gadgets. so computerized prosthetics could be a chance. and next is up loving memories. this was once considered science fiction. now we do it. last year at wake forest

university in north carolina and also in los angeles it took a mouse got turned them -- trains announced drinkwater for a bottle and then they recorded the memory into the hippocampus, are read thing in the middle of the brain. they're record that memory. later the boss forgot. within they're reasserted the tape recorder back into the hippocampus and, bingo, the amounts rumored. this is the first time in world history, last year, that we recorded a memory and played it back, a bloated that memory into a mouse. next primates. very soon we were core members of a monkey, perhaps eating a banana and record it, and then shoot it back in. the monkey will remember everything that it forgot. next alzheimer's patients. air going to create a brain

pacemaker for alzheimer's patients. that is the short-term goal. we are going to create a button. you push the button and the memory of who york, who your children are, where you live the wall where you left your keys will be inserted back into your mind. your nose to maybe on that. and he will push a button and you will insert the memory of vacation and he never had or if you're a college student think of all the courses reflect and college. maybe they will be able to upload some of that information. workers who get laid out because of technology, maybe they will upgrade their skills not by going to a community college but by simply applying the memory. so they hippocampuses they gave way to memory. now, when hippocampuses damage like a stroke then you cannot form long-term memories.

but they're is a sad case of a gas. his hippocampuses damaged hello. mallory. he would do this the decades, for decades. the memory over and over and over see an old man in america. he said that can't be me. i mean man. and then he was forgetting the memory of seeing itself as an old man and when iraq to say hello. this is so was our that to hollywood movies were created about. one is 501st states with your bare more.

the other one is ground guard terry with bill murray. and then the question is can you photograph of thought. normally you would say, what what is more ephemeral, fleeting than the thought. well, at berkeley where i got my ph.d. years ago we can actually do in. you put somebody in a brain scan the branch can compress the image of your mind and a 30,000-ounce. now, that's an mri machine today . you can't brands can yourself every day, but on the ride is the world's smallest are machine. it's only this big. it uses supercomputers to compensate for weak magnetic field. according to laws of physics house small can you make a huge mri machine? the answer is according to laws of physics we can make mri

machines this big. your cell phone will have more computer power than at university hospital today. your medicine cabinet will have more medical knowledge that the university hospital today. so here's how we do it. we take the brain, put it in an mri scan, and the computer spits out 30,000 dots. each dot represents electrical activity of the brain. then a software program analyzes these 30,000 pounds and prints out picture. these are some of the first pictures of a paw. on the left is steve martin. this next to it is the image of steve martin perceive through your brain. is not perfect because it's only 30,000-ounce. the picture may have a million pixels, but hey the fact that we can do this subtle as amazing.

this is a picture of an elephant , a person an airplane and the computer image generated by computer. then what you do is you put this person and an mri machine and you have him go to sleep. now, when he sleeps in dreams. in the computer program just keeps on going. some of the first crude pictures of a dream came out last year. in the future you may wake up, push a button, answer the dream that you had the previous night. and in in germany they did something amazing. according to old wives' tale some loss of this a dreaming abilities. we are constants with the rigid. we know we are dreary while richard you're wrong.

localize it turns up that the solo still pretty controls the direction of this dream. we followed it with an mri scan the viejo is absolutely true. maybe one day then out of the capri as movie inception is not so far-fetched up from. and then the big one, mental this. this is why president barack obama and the european union want to dump a billion dollars to find out how the brain is this wired. it turns out, for example, and many of our leading figures my actors, actresses, composers and

musicians have suffered from bipolar disorder. on the upper left alone for example, is margot kidder who became famous as low as lane. however, several years ago the founder homeless, stark naked hiding behind garbage cans. and it was revealed that she suffers from bipolar disorder and may be actresses and famous actors suffer. we can no brains can these people. we now cannot cure them, believe understand how mental swarms. schizophrenics, for example, air forces. if you want to hear a schizophrenic to scare downtown. see the homeless. you will see people talking to themselves. that is classic schizophrenia. when your brain scan these people you find something very interesting. the left part of your brain generates voices.

he talked yourself. we all talk to ourself. but the front part of your brain is aware of it. in these people when they have voices racing through their mind a laugh part of the brain lets up. but the front part of the brain is unaware of it. the voice in your brain that was outside of the cox controls that's why we have your. and we cannot even go into history. joan of arc was perhaps one of the most legendary figures in all of the ancient history of teenagers who changes the course of the war, european history because she said she talked to

god. are not sure, but it turns out that applet regions in the brain, some of them become hyper religious. you see ghosts, demons everywhere. and within the profits of all that it now head and began to see ghosts, demons. anything joan of arc server from this bill read you could actually induce this artificially. you could put on a helmet, a helmet duplicating its effect and you feel like your in the presence of god. this is called a goddamnit where you put on a helmet and you feel the year in the presence of god. so scientists, being scientists decided to put a nine and an atheist inside the government to see if you get change your beliefs. al qaeda diaz shows.

so they put on the helmet. and then and then put on alma. they ask, did this change our religious beliefs? and the says no, he's still an atheist. it is this changing your beliefs? the fact that you can induce religious feelings? and she said no. uc, god created us with the telephone. a telephone and a brand so that you can communicate with god.

the entire, the manhattan harbor from a marine. he did it for hong kong, london, new york city. when you go to jfk airport, the american airlines terminal

caught look up a new o.c. this huge mirabel trying from memory and knew by this man was one helicopter ride or manhattan. if they can do it we can do it. we are not that different from these people. so i'll as it that we're not sure. the memory decays the time. it gets old, wears out and this appears. we don't think that anymore. for getting is a very complicated biochemical process. these people, the for getting mechanism is broken. they have forgotten we remember

everything. you can ask them, what were you doing in 1954 at 4:00 in the afternoon on may 2nd. there will tell you what they were doing at that time. amazing. and then we have a question watch regius. as incense down she was a very strange person. it could not have smallpox, could not chair with you. we will be horrible at a dinner conversation. you would not want to invite as a vin for dinner. if you want to see some of it with as burgers and reduced watch the big bang theory. casper's people are strange. the conversations suffered from

gaspers under. and then there is a true genius we have $0.9 brain. when einstein died in 1935 the doctor who did the autopsy kidnapped the brain. without any information the was sitting in his living room. my son's brain went through a lot of problems this is a piece of history, and it was taken home but he did know what to do

in my book and have a chapter analyzing the greatest brain about and can't believe and not weaken our year analyze from modern port to do. many people think you as a crackpot. crazy. how did you measure the most? now we can. but brains scans it can actually see that there is pleasanter did it there is libido, part of the brain that covers pleasure. if he did announce it and cook electrons to the center and how the electorate to talk and use the mouse with the telegram key twice second until and it stars of the.

dards, cats, and even up into a dolphin. you could offer up to pleasures and terrors of the when the dolphins won court it was hit electric. of the dolphin would it be a lecture courses second and tow the dolphin realized and dying. i will die. i'm starving to death. and the doe and stopped and came back and it and so began. musty with after all. so many people of written about this thing called consciousness. in the history of science and show money written so much to produce so. and and it very unconsciousness.

a don't have time to get into it but i believe that animals have conscious but i think they're conscious. in fact that many people have a cat out? when you come home the catch comes up to you and purse. he is a, no, such a nice cat. if you were to skin the brain to the cat the cat will be thinking this human his mind. i own this human. they cannot come on my territory back to train this human. the consciousness, and water loners.

the wildcat is of solidary hunter. they do not hunt in packs of all they're used to being alone. they want to be alone. how many people in this room have a don't? raise your hand. when you come home the god jobs to you and slobbers all of you. why? because the dog thinks they you or don't. >> they hunt in groups. the pecking order. a very rigid. and each first? the alpha male. in each last? the delta mile. why did dongs like to be with

the the people? because the pack animals. they liked hunting groups. i think or prevent the lowest rate of consciousnesses of the recession. one year in the feedback. that's what i call one unit of consciousness. even the rest of kleiman, accountants of flour has been beaten units. it registers water and light, gravity, moisture, carbon dioxide. and then the back of the brain is the reptilian brain. it understands space. as where is located. that is level one consciousness cannot be imposed and dislocations base. the novel to consciousness kamal

to consciousness, the monkey brain located at the center of your brain. this is a brand of the motion and then leveled three, what makes this different. we see the future. animals and not. animals have no conception of tomorrow. in a plan for tomorrow. american school the harbor in. when it gets cold we packed our backs to what drives our homes, said about all sorts of things. we see the future. we daydream. we plan. strange turns. animals don't. animals have no conception of time, no conception of tomorrow. this theory is correct. i have to explain everything about the mind.

you may say to yourself humor is so spiritual, so much of the that you will never be allowed to explain it a. cops this. a joke is funny because you hear something and then you complete the ending. your brain is a production machine that costs and the critics the ending. you have no choice. review your junior break was the ending. in view of the actual ending its different and the laugh. that's why things are funny. for example, let me give you an example, teddy roosevelt to honor was one monger of the white house the reach of gossip and his fans were saying, if you have nothing could to say about of the people and please come sit next to me to the sea fields

was asked the question of what young people, and ticketing and people. ask the question, are you in favor of clubs. people? and w.c. fields said in my in favor of clubs for young people? yes, but only if kendis fails. in the bible says some -- well, the point is that the bubbles as to what others as you would have them do what you the extent to it first. now, why are these "it's funny? when you hear the expression the mother taught you that if he don't have anything nice to say about somebody then don't say anything in all. you complete the thought. you have that choice. your brain is a production machine. but then when the punch line is then comes said next to me it's funny because it did expect that so even humor can be understood

in mice. of consciousness. now, we're running out of time. oscar de discussion of robots of than to say that robots are level one. robots are like alligators. they're not much more intelligent of alligators. slowly we are beginning to create emotional bonds. just a pretty stupid. the most vast robot is in japan. he saw a picture from earlier. wrong, what look a little boy. the rules most of vance robot can even dance. in fact, he dances but then me. and a number of tv specials so i interviewed the creator of the world's most of fans for about. i asked house on kabyles mark is the world's most sinister about? and @booktv camera to my

creation is as smart as a crutch a rhetorical approach. the lobotomize to my stupid, retarder courage. we have a long ways to go before robots becomes monotonous. and that the by saying that president barack obama has this initiative to create brain two-point tow, a copy of the brain to understand why it's this way, why we have mental on this. but if you can understand the wiring of the brain then, perhaps, we will also have a form of immortality. in the question is when you die de live forever? to paraphrase bill clinton it all depends on how you define the word you. are you but where and software? if so then when you die you die.

or are you information? if so, then information can double every 18 months. this is the rate at which computers are going in sophistication. when you get aboard the card and amelya opened up according to his mother is more computer power and of the allied forces of 1945. hitler car as well. and what you do with this? if in the head that chair in 1940 we might all be speaking german here is very rather than english but you see these old,

drain the tapes of mission control. my god, according to this they were 64 cared processors, dinosaurs. your cellphone today has more computer power than all of nasa in 1969. factoring in not going to put me on one of those rocket ships. in that when the simi in the aerospace. it's criminal. it's criminal. reshooting humans in the aerospace back to buy oneself of and the internet as a consequence will become a brain that. we will send emotions, memories to the internet. can you imagine teenager's on facebook sending the emotions and experience of their first date, a senior prom, all over the internet. go crazy. the movies that have total

immersion entertainment, the flat screen and sound, but total emotional context. and perhaps the next century if we connect the district and memories, perhaps her consent it into outer space. in fact, we can send it on a laser beam at the speed of light. this may be no way to explore the galaxy, to send data space at the speed of light on a laser beam to explore the universe. so now let me close on a note. then i will take some questions from the audience and no sign in boat. just remember, after a sign your bookkeeping go to ebay and make money and auction them off. let me end on one last note. when i was a child i had a role

model. i idolize our grandson. my fear rid of unsung stories this evil is tired of giving this and talk over and over again. one day i came up to him and said, professor, part-time actor of heard your speech so many times i've memorized the. why don't we switch places. i will put on the mustache will put on the weight, the the great and senate you could take risk this was to places one day and mathematician best a very difficult question. i sent up the game is of. so elementary thank you very much of take questions from the

audience and then i'll be happy to find your book. thank you very much. you been a great audience. thank you. [applause] we have some time for q&a. economic questions as hard as you want to be afterwards please line of in an orderly fashion. people are going to line up. we have microphones in the audience. here is your chance. come on up. yap. >> i was wondering how far reaching you think the effects

of fukushima regard to be in japan and the hawaiian islands and the rest of the pacific? >> the question is fukushima. how long the rally going days. is the agony of three simultaneous not towns in northern japan? we have the answer, for years. according to the utility it will take about 40 years to begin the process of dismantling the reactor. then it's not over all. a smaller earthquake that will send the accidents starting all over again. you will realize that the reactor is so active that workers can't get in for more than just a few minutes of time. the robots and not smart enough to work in high radiation fields the u.s. pentagon has made it a priority to create robust but

could turn the screw, use a hammer, use gasol. we don't have those are a bunch of. so the next thing i want to do is insert cameron's into the water to see where the mountains so bad we don't even have a picture. we don't even and a picture of the melted core. it's 100 percent mounted. the radioactive water, you see all these swimming pools with radioactive water. it's an ending. and so just from her that it will take 40 years to clean up the nuclear and since. after world war ii will legendary figure is sold his soul to the double from the minute our.

is a price you have to pay. other questions a man of,. >> i just want to thank you for coming by. and wanted to ask, you pin such an inspiration on the fact he started in such a young age want to be a scientist. of all the policemen in the different respected deals every one very, very young or do you see someone and they became in animal very jarring the switchover and uvulas science about 500 scientists in my time, bbc television, the science

journal, my own radio show which goes up to on did the deal ray positions across the u.s. every weekend. when i was ten, when i was ten it was a telescope, a visit to a planetarium, because before everything was mommy and daddy and mommy and daddy and mommy and daddy and began to ask what is beyond mommy and daddy. and indeed it is essential shocked, this epiphany realizing health huge and glorious and splendors the heiress'. and then kids then they hit 15

and silver were born wondering where did i come from the wind as the second chunk of the stars to cool to be airborne and way into we hit jr. eyes will. then it is crushed out of this. all of the subway after room rises as facts, figures that don't amount to anything. on the sun recalled miller's buyer from. the hormuz again. it's difficult. and then in high school you have this pyramid where you have the beautiful people on top, the talks and the cheerleaders nothing against them.

as a pyramid and ask will immortalize pile of movies. hollywood never tells you edison is the grandeur of my school that paramount turns upside down the never say that. wiccan mr. zucker byrd. these are billionaires, leers and innovation, technology. there were at the bottom. of caring. >> hi. thank you. very nice. was wondering, you mentioned that you could take a chip with someone's memory and a trip back so they can remember again. as suggesting, it may be that someone's memory may be entered to another person to date. member is a personal.

idea think the public will respond? >> if it's the ethical obligations of being ill to answered not just true memories with false numbers days you never had to provocations you never experienced cannot be uploaded, we think, in the future. there are big ethical considerations because what happens if, as this and up was the memory of a crime that you never committed? are legal justice system depends upon eyewitness accounts. we have witnesses and said it will to alter them nothing but the truth and above what happens if you can't tamper with people's memory? in i would -- an eyewitness accounts cannot be test -- trusted any more. if you get to the park were reconsidered full memory in the mind then they have to be labeled of this moreas walls.

it's fun anyway. pop in money and experience vacation. recalling that have to regulate to make sure the small to couple's primer's are clooney will false memories so you don't confuse what is real and was walls. for people who worry about security, some people think that in the future a cia agent will record in memories from a distance. as of going to happen because in order to tap in the mind you have to put something directly on top of the brain or put a helmet when top of the brain. for the airline the radius signal is less than background noise interferes with the radius signal. the lesson is to have to be right up to the person's brain in on to record things. the problem is not privacy

because someone will record in memory. the problem is that he may willingly make a memory and is recorded but then someone else tells of peabody have to make sure it members took a private. and as a whole other area which will play out in the years. remember right now we can only record one memory and time. in the future we can foresee a time my memories may have to be regulated to slicks off. >> you were talking about how to fund. [inaudible question] >> first of all casper's. the brain as a certain fraction

of people with boxes of begins to develop these enormous mathematical with man and iq of maybe 80. how is that possible? then you think that it is damaged to left temporal lobe that creates the damage. it could occur for many reasons, a bullet, blow to the head, damage from autism. so we now believe that autism is not the only way to have these mathematical powers. people with us burgers and business back the powers without

having had a low iq. these people a functional. there were functional and society. actually a member of parliament during his lifetime. and so we're now beginning to understand baptism in its behavior is not inevitably linked and it may be possible to induce this kind of behavior. we think that as burgers is a form of this where you can actually control of. you actually function in society with as burgers and still have these mathematical powers. in fact, one study just last year at silicon valley shows that many silicon valley engineers of irate investors and the average population. but you probably knew that already watching the big bang theory. clueless when it comes to one. but this is something that we are still investigating. so we'll always to go before we

fully understand autism and as buyers. now that we have brain scans the connection me see that the brain is certainly different from the average. >> i was curious as to what your thoughts or on the subject of quantum consciousness and now it's related to the medical physics. >> avenue. there is in my book after a chapter on quantum consciousness which is, perhaps, more bizarre form of consciousness and all of science. ..

if i had a cat in a box and i don't open the box, the cat could be either dead or alive so how do we physicists describe a cat that we cannot observe? well we add a dead cat to the live cat. we add the two together so the cat is neither dead nor alive. until you open the box. now einstein thought, this is stupid. how can you be neither dead nor alive at the same time? what can i say? einstein was wrong.