>> how is everybody doing? can you hear me? i apologize for my loud voice. i am half deaf. i wore a set of headphones for 20 years in the marine corps singles intelligence morse code and all that. before i get started i would like to thank some people for bringing me here. first of all thank you very much to the world affairs counsel for bringing me here. i have always been treated like a king at these well organized defense when i come and a special thanks to linda for organizing this event three at my lovely bride of 24 years is here and i would like to thank her for putting up with all my rhetoric for the past 24 years. i will be seeing my youngest daughter next week so that is going to be my most fun trip rate i'm going up to iowa which all of you know is the cultural center of the universe. i would also like to thank my colleagues and friends at the

state university who have encouraged my scholarship. his angela state university by the way and i really appreciate the fact that for four years they have encouraged me to study what to me is a very interesting subject matter and i intend to do it for as long as i can. and finally i would like to thank all of you for coming. it is always a great pleasure to speak to the world affairs counsel of houston. this is a great place to speak and i'm really happy to be here and away from the oasis in the desert of saint angelo. let me talk about what i'm going to try to do hopefully successfully today as i'm going to talk about key events that have occurred really since february. i take that back really since november of 2013. the uncle of kim jong-un by marriage of going to tie the

events i talk about to this book "north korea and regional security in the kim jong-un era" and for our c-span viewers it's available on amazon as well. so let's talk about when kim jong-un took over. before he took over people who study who are korean studies specialist like myself actually predicted this guy grew up in bern in switzerland for most of his life. he had a picture of michael jordan on his wall he understands western democracy and economic economics so he will change. well we will see. i will address what is taking place in the first two and a half years of jong-un's rule the third kim. my assessment is that he is quite simply carrying out his father's military policy so we are going to look at military things first. people ask me if bruce were you in the military? i say no i was in the marine corps.

several things that jong-un has done. first of all they have conducted another nuclear test since his father died. within three months after his father died which was the largest most contained test of -- the north koreans have conducted and the iranians were there. i wonder what that means. to taepodong missile test. everyone knows what the taepodong is right? a short-range ballistic missile and the long range ballistic missile. the taepodong missile series at the north koreans have is a three stage missile and experts in our nations capital and in many of our unclassified reports in our nation's intelligence agencies etc. were saying that north korea simply was using to primitive materials and

technology to successfully launch a three stage missile. guess what folks? on 12/12/12 december 12, 2012 the north koreans successfully launched a three stage missile and put a satellite into orbit. what does that mean? it means they can hit alaska or hawaii at least but not texas. he in addition to that they have the croissant 13 also called the kn eight under development. the reason i would like to express to you folks while this is so important is because this missile has the same types of ranges that the taepodong service has but it comes on a mobile launcher so instead of having to put it on a big pad and take it down on the train and fuel it they put it on a transporter launcher basically along tractor-trailer that lifts up like this and then they just fired the missile. what does that mean? it means warning time is

drastically cut short for americans. it's harder for us to get ships into position and ballistic missile defense because all they have to do is let that thing up and fire it. how far along is the missile system but with jong-un continues to be developed and if things aren't bright enough i'm going to cheer you people up. the north koreans are developing a new and it looks like they have already developed it based on the test launches that they did in recent months a new for them 300-millimeter of sippola sippola -- a rocket launcher system. the system and put on the dmz between the two koreas can hit not just seoul at sub seoul. why is that important? what do we have south of seoul? hossanah airbase so very important stuff. they already have local rocket launchers and long-range guns that can target parts of seoul

read much of this has come to the floor after kim jong-il's death. most of what i've talked about after kim jong-il's death so it's good to know i guess that jong-un is carrying on his father's legacy. what about conventional forces? i think the biggest problem guys like me have with conveying the north korean threat is folks like yourself well-educated folks that care about international affairs often watch shows like frontline and i tutu when the cable is down. that's a joke. frontline recently did an expoée on north korea where they had hidden cameras. i don't know how many of you that cnet. it was very compelling because it was in pyongyang where most tourists go. these were villages and towns outside of pyongyang and it was horrible. it showed crumbling

infrastructure no electricity no fuel no food, starving people and beggars in the streets. so it's hard to look at that backdrop and look at and say they are a big military threat. the reason north korea's 1.1 million man military is a threat to reason they are still able to maintain that threat is because they take the resources away from those people that are struggling just to survive and get them to the military. something to keep in mind. let me give you some examples. 980 tanks. the north koreans builds 900 new tanks in the past seven years. we have some military guys in the background. i did a presentation at georgetown three weeks ago and there was an army colonel in the audience. i said how many tanks is 900 tanks and he goes all out. so we got really technical you know.

the north koreans have also in the past seven years reorganized many of their units along the front core along the frontline. they now have seven new special operations forces divisions along the dmz so interesting stuff. so what does this mean? what does this mean this military part of that? what is their actual capability? right now today our conventional forces are capable of inflicting hundreds of thousands of casualties within the first few days of that conflict. that makes war a nonoption for us. just something to think about. there are other things going on however in north korea. there are a lot of recent events excuse me. not just the recent purging of john zaun tagged and i'm glad

linda brought that up. he getting in late february this new multiple rocket launcher started to be tested off of the east coast. why were they testing at? what was the american military doing in february of 2014? anybody no? they were conducting a joint and combined exercise but the south korean military so essentially what they were telling us was yeah you guys go ahead and practice for war. we are ready and they test-fired rocket launchers and free rockets over ground which are also called frogs but looked nothing like an amphibian and scud missiles and eventually at the end of all this the united states secretary of state japanese foreign minister were meeting in japan. when that happened the north koreans fired no missiles. why would they fire no missiles?

obviously when we were doing our joint exercises they were showing us that they could combat us anytime they wanted to and when we met with the japanese they were showing us they could hit a japanese missile because it has arranged to hit tokyo. but wait there's there is more. also immediately after this whole test firing of these weapons to place on the east coast on the west coast along what is basically a maritime dmz known as northern limit line the north koreans fired probably about 500 shells some of them actually a quarter of them 25% so actually went over the line in the south korean waters. what did the south koreans due? the south korean marine scrambled their self-propelled howitzer's and fired back at them into north korean waters.

face graham pulled the best that they have the f-15 k. and they moved the south korean citizens on the silence to improve shelters, shelters that had been improved since the artillery attack of 2010 on yongpyeong islands. what is interesting about all of that is after all this was done in north korea had splashed shells and south korea's water and south korea's splashed shells and north korea's water so they had a splashing contest initially. the south koreans had reacted and the south koreans discovered a it crashed north korean drone with a camera on it that was filming the whole thing. my assessment of what was going on is the north koreans are now looking for a new way to conduct a provocation on the northern limit line. ..

och >>

>> they executed him by a mortar round. it is an artillery piece. and they just lower it like that and literally blew him to pieces. so the naysayers abutted human-rights violator like his father, by the end of 2013, two-thirds of senior generals were replaced or move to route different jobs. but april 2013 the bodyguard detail was increase. and then there was a number

two there is no such thing. there is several the virtues. but since then has been reassigned to so now he is a two-thirds general as well. he was seen as defacto number two but in order to some of you know, this already. north korea consist of three institutions the party party, military, security services and there is a fourth entity that is the kim family regime that inner circle and directly related to the campus or the grandson's who fought as a partisan leader became generals to fought against

south korea 1950. you must control all three of those key institutions and there is no one guy who controls the party or the military. there are three chains of command. so none of them have complete power over one institution they all inserts to kim jong-un selfie does not control the institution, nobody is. how did this whole process seibald? how many remember the cnn coverage when kim jong-il died? and the car through the of snow? how many people have seen three faces of eve? [laughter] the academy award winning

performance. [laughter] but if you look at the car there eight people that were escorting kim jong-il body and kim jong-un no success been purged or reassigned those were the main guys and most of them are not there anymore least not in key positions. in 2013 the whole year the passage of a purge has occurred but the big purchase occurred november november 2013 when jong-un uncle was purged first then executed. i will talk about that in a couple of minutes. let me remind you how powerful jong-un is or is

not. a good friend of mine who is a caribbean scholar we were talking at a restaurant there when my wife said kim jong-il is weaker than his father. the next to him will be weaker than kim jong-il. how week will depend if the regime survives or not. that is true. he must control the key institutions, the party. the military and the security services. and also with turmoil in the of military what if he cannot control these institutions? we could have something like a civil war but there is not in any way for the north

korean government to survive unless they have a one-man rule and he controls the institutions. the dprk has not existed as the government with any other way. what do you do when you have this kind of thing? if your power is weak you purge. most of you probably heard about his uncle who looks a lot like kim jong-il. almost like a female which they will give you can imagine that. i have a pitcher here i would be happy to show which to you. and north korea public purges are almost unheard of. it just doesn't happen.

talking to a group of throat song dash a group of folks talking to an organization of the department he had a few before kim jong-il died and he was reported to have died in an auto accident in p'yongyang. jesse now traficant p'yongyang is not like it used to be. [laughter] so what do you think the chances are he really died in the auto accident? [laughter] that is normally what happens somebody is executed or sent off to their reeducation camp. they don't want to embarrass the party. but they announced he was purged, executed, why it was done, they said

corruption, was it? yes but charging a korean high-ranking party official with corruption is like charging robert e. lee with murder at gettysburg. who is guilty? all of them. falafel love intrigue continues. so some rumors repeatedly his wife turned her husband in for which they thought was crimes against this day and to force him on the day he was executed. his brother led them with pistols and arrested them. there was even a rumor active in the chinese press that he and his two peace aborted its were executed by

a dog sam thrown naked into a katy and eaton to death literally. pretty horrible. i don't think that is what happened to another rumor that i think he died more likely he was executed by anti-aircraft machine gun that dues chris slade but at least to go faster than being eaten by a dog. there is a lot of rumors. those terrific things that they do to keep their opponents down. that is what is going on right now in north korea. but the of real reason it wasn't for corruption the he was likely purged because he had factual the station in

the government. he had moved himself into position where he had to rise in foreign ministry cover absolutely loyal to him, guys said the party absolutely loyal to him and the security services with the ministry of peoples security and general's. what does that mean? a separate faction forming with the number three in ruling infrastructure in that has not happened since 1957. that is when kim told the attendees to leave his country and the pro-soviet faction in the approach tidies faction. everyone was wondering which you would purge? he purged growth. that is the way the kim family does that. we have not seen the turmoil since back then. trust me kim jong-un power

base is more tenuous than his grandfather's and 1937. so my assessment is that ken is having a hard time to hold onto his power. relatives and friends and cohorts sending more is not a sign of strength. it is us sign of weakness. something to keep in mind. >> something else to pass on , i hope now that i have talked about the security services and the kim family inner circle it should be apparent there is no such a thing as a member to.

there are lots of number choose the number two and a five-star general in the military and the state security court in des all answer to separate chains of command. this is done on purpose the patrimony real politics system to divide and conquer and even though it was the big blow it was overwhelming because there were several members choose there were probably advising kim jong-il to execute his uncle. by the way but the second

chapter deals with military developments with the ballistic missile program. but dealing with provocations and how we can avoid it since we will see those within the next year and now that we have been talking about the instability with the north korean government it is important to tell you the next-to-last chapter deals with what we do, us and our allies and the international community of north korea collapses. that is a chapter to go in depth how we could collapse the international community could react and give back of foreign policy. what does the future hold?

i am very serious, if we talk about in dg number three it is important to understand it will never ever ever ever give up its nuclear weapons. not only they consider this important to national security but a legacy for greater domestic form of government he dreamed of having a nuclear weapons and passed it to his son now part of the grandson's legacy. as long as the king family is moving north they will keep the nuclear weapons it does not matter what they tell us. we can also plan to see north korea go down to continue to engage with proliferation and illicit activities.

:of those is syria. for example, the chemical weapons the ballistic missiles, almost all of them from north korea scud b, d, a steady they are all in the iran inventory all purchased from north korea. tanks, trucks, artillery, are pg they buy them from north korea and much of it goes to has the law which is a terrorist organization when

>>

>> he chose to purge his uncle anyway but it could rock north korea even harder than it did this time. i am sure you are sitting in your seats rocking back and forth. can he survive? the answer is maybe. the of leader of north korea must have control of the database and power base and kim jong-un does not have that. he does not yet have control of security services and his own family. if you want to talk about will he survive? yes. if he consolidates the power base to the point he can control the country of the key institution but if he

has the troubles he has now been passed to end it cannot keep going on like this. so let's say kim jong-un and ran the regime to collapse. what are the of likely scenarios? wouldn't that be a military coup? a coup d'etat? [laughter] it is possible. but how many saw the hunt for red october? zero lots of us. that was shot and connery 1991 of the first dates i took my wife could do you remember the scene when he kills a political officer? that was a great scene if you are a north korean and you have to kill the guy you have to kill to. because if you are a corps commander a brigade

commander you all have one guy you have to looking over your shoulder the same rate in reporting back to the party. another over your right shoulder that belongs to the military security command and he reports directly to the national defense commission. three separate chains of command how in of world could you have a coup all the way down? it is very difficult. everybody is watching. is not likely. what about powless to? the has only 100 literally he inherited. that is unlikely. because what would somebody used as a power base?

even a military general. civil war? that is possible. the most likely if the country starts to spiral because none of the generals has absolute control over large portions of the military. but most likely is we keep seeing events like we saw last fall and the country starts to collapse and the kim family cannot hold it together in a more. that is of 50/50 possibility. it could happen tomorrow. when he consolidates his power if he can do that, a big if, the government will stabilize. instability is to ochre it is only with the state model

his dad a and grandfather used simple as that he passed to use that government set up to run the country successfully. the five through 50,000 people related those that fought early end of war those people once the regime to succeed. but it can it? the jury is still up. we don't know the answer yet. what does this mean for the united states? the south korea must plan for a two headed monster. a very large dangerous well

equipped army and the unpredictable behavior run by a guy who does not know what he is doing, it kim jong-un. at the same time we have to plan for the collapse of the army and that is a problem to. be building infrastructure as a massive undertaking and with this threat stability is needed in the military alliance. i am a big proponent to maintain a strong alliance with republican korea of the seventh largest trading partner. i dunno if we have in the war veterans but we could see the light at the end of the tunnel.

that will happen in it is long as there is a north curia threat to aids to be the number so talk about how we will have read your letters. but for south career to worry about is the number three of military. i also believe to downplay the to headed threats is not good policy. i think there is a lot of confusion they cannot do anything but that is not true. they have shown they can do things and they will do would again. the ballistic missile they should take that seriously. so my assessment entire air

chapter on the u.s. alliance them what it needs to do to prepare for the north korean threat including command and control. i told you before we have a 50/50 shot to see the government is implode why would i say 5050? because we don't know. it is very unpredictable government and very unstable right now. but we do know if kim jong-un fails and cpr case fails and the explosion or a implosion or civil war are the most likely scenarios. so washington and the free world must plan accordingly. i will be that there. [applause]

>> i have a few questions. where are they getting the materials? in the physical materials? >> good question. all lots of stuff they have to abuse from the japanese japanese, from the chinese talking about missiles, for example, the transborder electrode launcher there were eight seen in the parade two years ago in p'yongyang that came from china and china has agreed to follow the u.n. sanctions but apparently the united states directly question the chinese they thought they

were selling them logging materials. [laughter] there is to use stuff some of the things they have they built themselves but there is a lot of dual-use stuff that is out there. >> russia for gave lot of loans homage conidiophore it to prop up? >> not much. it is important the can is right through 1990 the soviet union was providing military equipment, training equipment, training, anythin g. and in 1980 the soviets said from the second four word anything you get food, food, oil, electricity, mili tary card where you have to

pay with hard currency in the german to reach markhor the yen and from that moment number three economy started to go down an industry was operating at 10 percent of normal. will russia ever get back to that level? i don't think so. even though they for gave the debt they have not started to give things. chide me give some stuff but not nearly as up the level that the soviets gave them during the cold war. but it is very sick to forgive russia forgives the debt may be that is to put their finger in our eye because of what is going on in ukraine. >> what do you think the people think of the leader?

>> great questions. that is an issue. there are several issues with the kim boys there are three sons. kim jong-un is the youngest the oldest was nam caught trying to get into disney on a fake slovenian passport i wish i could then a fly on the wall. our use low vendean? [laughter] the second song -- the second seven chol is rumored to be gay in a communist confucian society but that does not allow him to be done so he was out. the third son obviously is kim jong-un.

a normal a the first takes over not the second or the third. another problem all three are in illegitimate. born to women who word tea answers that kim jong-il minutes he said i will take that one. so they have a credibility problem that they're not even from one of his wives he had two daughters from his wives and that he is so young is of a big deal in a confucian society. what makes that exacerbated even more is the fact he was not trained in north korea but grew up in switzerland. we talk about the weakness of his power base i think that is power and age and experience is a part of it.

>> how do you get your information out of the society? what can you tell us about kim jong-un wife? >> i have a common center in my house i get a direct feed from likely. [laughter] -- like way. i have a variety of sources for cobras career is much easier to get information now than it was 15 years ago because we have a lot more defectors living in south korea and united states of visiting. they are a great source. so phones exist now to bring information out that gets to the defector web sites. defectors are running ngo groups have a plethora of information every day.

and often government reports sam briefings and studies and press reports said the government tends to leak stuff to the press and if you are smart you can connect the dots. if you examine north korea you analyze and the things that are a threat you cannot just read caribbean related materials also related to the middle east because it is so heavily involved with the proliferation and training and illicit activities you have to look at both sides of that. the white? what about her? but we have never met. supposedly there were rumors

and it spread like wildfire that she made a pornographic film before she was introduced to kim jong-un. does anybody know who introduced them? [inaudible] [laughter] no. this is the rumor mill but even he there is even an affair with her before he introduced her to kim jong-un sova to make a side point another interesting thing is his previous coverage was an acting troupe they got caught making the black market pornographic film and they were all executed so he literally had his ex-girlfriend executed for making pornography's.

>> when we were in the dp arcade we saw several military trucks powered by would burning stoves why would they let us see this? it is hard to rationalize a wood burning truck next to nuclear weapons. [laughter] >> they have a nuclear weapon. they have the to track program and we know for sure they have plutonium weaponization program. there probably have highly enriched program and that means they probably have a warhead for a missile that could hit japan already. that is what connecting the dots gets you right now. so talk about the wood burning engine for a truck

and why would they let you see that? may be that is what they wanted you to see. i cannot speak to that. that does not take away. another thing and it is a good question how it is number career proliferating to iran? number three a is more advanced they got a from the pakistan-- so if you talk about what works and does not work maybe they still brian they still have those in do not throw anything away. spinet there are a number of questions about china. wide to the chinese continue

to support north korea? is china behind the recent aggression? if there really fell apart isn't this something that would impact china badly? >> yes. [laughter] thank yes it would although let me give you an example i told you my wife would be here tonight. during the korean war he rode a bike and if north korea collapses which is the matter of when, not if there is a lot more people trying to get into south korea if the border is not blocked

somebody asks me how much influence? has more influence over north korea than anybody else to say not much. i don't think north korea is heavily influenced by what the chinese told them tear do. there were individuals in the north korean government that has to do with the execution in this goes back this follows the policy that they want to. to ricing china likes the activities? no. i think china is very uncomfortable in the chinese

would love for them to stop that but that is not to say china does not absolutely want to keep north care real up alive they like that operational death -- depth from mainland asia. that is probably the condition they would not like to see if north korea collapse. how far would they go? that is a good question. >> finally connect seeing these two thoughts we hear about anti-americanism that is a little surprising how is there a direct confrontation one in to have

a confrontation with north korea the anti-americanism and wine could understand why it is unfair. they are a new class country with a burgeoning economy and did not have their own governments and they said it was because we were there. they had free elections arguably the most transparent democracy in all of asia. young people are very different now than they were in the 1980's so i say while there may be some it was a

minority and has been. >> if the questions was not asked to join us at the back table there were a number of related good questions. thank you. [applause] [inaudible conversations]

>> is a great to hear from my son. we went through a lot. the a father is hard but we forget with our culture. i have to give him credit because he says i did not give up on him but he did not give up on me. i remember one time he called me and jumped on me to be a terrible dad. i said you were not such a good son. so why don't we just got? cited mitt it was just love each other now and change. >> that isn't easy. but the struggle to change

itself and i see my son the terrible things he has the most neglected for me. i want to give his mother credit she stood by him. she stepped up. it is good to hear and what helps a lot is we went on a trip last year. he finally came to california. we bought this crazy carr from chicago to california.

one of the most beautiful trips we went to the park and had a great time and did not argue once. we had a great time sharing he is wise with his age is important 2.0 we can make the change with our wounds so now he is a poet. i wanted to sing kim. the issue he was rough and a mean and angry and violent i had to go through that but to see my son that is powerful. what we are talking about.

said is part of what we forget. i did not cry for a long time. i was told not to cry. but there are tears to be fully human of hope. it is important.

>> we are at a little 5-acre park in alabama the location of the major battle in 1913 between the indians. the fort itself was full of all kinds of folks taking shelter from the impending attack those that were allied with the americans americans, local sellers, militia and lots of slaves, about 500 people inside forgot august 30th august 30th, 1813, a faction was upset and attacked the ford there was a long battle in the end

almost 300 people inside the fort were killed. i first learned about it when i read about the massacre but there is more to the story. like most american indians had to find the way to deal with the expanding american in settlements. and the creeks were successful as the cherokee to assimilate to american life style. quite a few wealthy indians owned slaves with a big plantation and raise domestic livestock and largely gave their way of life to the american norms of agriculture. the large part of the nation did not see the advantage they wanted to maintain their traditional life. there was a risk a civil war

broke out and what happened here is a continuation but it brought the americans into the of war against the anti-american faction. there was a religious component of the shawnee profit and tecumseh were proselytizing for a religious way of life and to come said came here and converted a lot of creeks to their religion. so there was a political angle as well. most of those@bd"úbq,ñ leaders e families than leonid -- manages was profiting. and by nearly 18 hundreds there is a lot of reasons why they chose one side or

the other most of the local creeks on that side of the civil war. this was the leader in the for all -- the folks inside were there about a month there was a skirmish in in july right around here and apparently it was in response to that skirmish with in their own nation and territory attacked by americans who felt we were wrong to to take a vantage that sided with the americans. so the folks inside the fort had to find food. there are cramped conditions

so people dispersed. they begin to harvest crops so that when john stroud the morning with the various sightings of warriors in the area mostly by african slaves and their reported this to their owners. and to spread false rumors. not with the former military unit territorial and militia units. end of the of loopholes there brad day 3-foot level and then began to fire that

went on for quite a long time. and several hundred actively fighting inside. in by some time to or three in the afternoon if they should renew the attack to a good portion and that spread through the death for each and then defense was a possible so the few remaining people tried to do escape. the battle made all the papers through the country and was considered a huge disaster. and it took awhile for the of local armies to reconstitute themselves they

were devastated but they organized an army for the cremation of the area but the churches organized a couple of different attacks in then the troops most famously andrew jackson and his was one of the major outcomes of the battle. his success especially horseshoe bend made famous throughout the country but also convinced the leadership to give commands to defeat the british to be a controversial figure for many reasons with all aspects of government but

with this experience during the creek war was the determination to see indian removal loper. a lot of people mike washington and jefferson tried to have a simulation to become americans and stayed where they were located american indians had population of tens of thousands in the american government was under tremendous pressure to take that one way or another. said they were quite excited and eventually he negotiated a treaty. at the end of the war both from the creeks that he fought with a and 20 years

later he could then push through the removal act that led to a wide scale forced removal from the southeast and northwest territories. >> of course, the attack itself launched the invasion of the creek nation of 21 million acres of really fit at alabama and southern georgia would not have spent settled as early enough for the war also alabama feat for a big land rush in the years following fellow for. the most immediate impact finned the removal back to a sense of betrayal the americans felt with us a sneak attack and the massacre. they felt betrayed because in previous years federal

agents tried their best to assimilate the creeks and this was a clear response from the nation they did not want to be americans. that cable lot of force to move out of this area permanently. of phrase hawkins used as a federal agent when he first got wind of the movement that was religious at first he said they were possessed of a conquering spirit by the master of brass the of the show and the great spirit. i thought that was appropriate but when they were attacked the response was to respond in kind to go to the all-out war so that

captured the essence but initially as part of a team that was contacted by the historical commission to look at what was going on the last 50 years. we had thousands of artifacts. we spent a year in analyzing the collections and that we begin to read upon the history to see a lot of very old ideas that needed to bdm and -- that needed to be examined. the archaeology led me to the history. i hope people that read this see the american frontier life had a lot of different perspectives the creek perspective is underrepresented and indian

perspective in general but i hope people try to understand they were not evil incarnate as for trade and they had legitimate grievances it is tragic from all perspectives but i you for it to them as similar to many in other stories like the titanic or lifeboat where people interact to show their true selves. of that is what was happening at the floor to the cruelty of the commander whipping the slaves that were telling the truth about

the approach of the red creek. i think what was most fascinating to read to delve into the genealogy shows they were closely related fighting on the opposite sides but it was a very personal war. played out on a small-scale. but it they would crash down into a tiny bin to as we would see in a bigger picture like the american civil war. . .

>> you honor the national constitution center a few weeks ago by visiting a congressional charter about the constitution on a nonpartisan basis and i can't think of a better book to discuss in connection with that mission then your wonderful new book "six amendments" how and why we should change the constitution.