and they examined how obesity effects are military and highlights the need for standards in our school lunch program and went to fat to fight was in 2010 are children were consuming way too many junk food calories, the equivalent of 2 billion candy bars a year.

by the way to billion candy bars weighs more than the aircraft carrier midway but the revised standards of this committee endorsed in 2010 are beginning to show results. the study of bird marge in rates of obesity are smaller and the age group has been reversed. cultural change does not happen quickly but if given time to work their magic the standard you put in place in 2010 will give us a stronger military in 2030 and a healthier nation as well and on behalf of the 450 generals and admirals and mission readiness i thank you for this opportunity to highlight the link between childhood nutrition and national security. we look forward to working with the committee as you continue this important work. thank you. >> thank you very much for that testimony. mr. thornton welcome again. see chairman stabenow committee members and my fellow

distinguidistingui shed panelists i'm honored to have the opportunity to speak before you on behalf of over 4 million national parent teacher association members with more than 24,000 local units pta exists in all 50 states the district of columbia puerto rico the u.s. virgin islands and the department of defense schools in europe. i currently serve as president of the national pta elected volunteer position that i assumed in june of last year. in addition to my involvement with national pta i've been active in state and local ptas. i'm currently employed as a operations analyst with general dynamics at georgia and a retired lieutenant colonel. most importantly i have over two decades of experience as a father of my two wonderful children but my wife karen, candace and trey. pta was founded in 1897 and is the oldest and largest volunteer

child advocacy association in the united states. pta's legacy of influence in policy to protect the education health and overall well-being of children has made an indelible impact in the lives of millions of children and families. this legacy includes the creation of kindergarten classes the juvenile justice system child labor laws and mandatory immunizations for schoolchildren our mission is to be a powerful voice for every child. with regard to today's hearing one of the fundamental purposes of pta is to preserve children's health and protect them from harm. pta has been at the table from the beginning. piloting a hot lunch program in schools in the 1920s led to the ptas advocacy for national school lunch program and each subsequent reauthorization of the richard v. russell national school lunch act. most recently the pta and our coalition partners past the

healthy hunger-free act which as you know made significant updates to our nation's food nutrition programs. pta view this as both a win for the kids and also the parents because parents knew that for the first time no matter what our kids purchased in the cafeteria it was going to be good for them and us for primary decision-makers in our kids lives it also provided us parents a stronger role to the local wellness policy development. implementation and evaluation and as i always say if you're not at the table you are -- i mention these accomplishments not only to underscore ptas commitment to the well-being of our nations children but also to provide a historical context for where we are today. we have made a commitment to our children for over 70 years to do the right thing in the cafeteria and we cannot turn our backs now. i know some of my fellow

panelists will at the reality of our nations obesity crisis as it relates to our overall health and national security. so is the pta leader i'm here today to tell you that our parents and families are committed to working together to ensure that the continued success of our nations child nutrition programs go well. so where are we today? schools are making exceptional progress in miniature schmuck quality of the meals they are serving to our kids. there've been challenges along the way that's to be expected. we are parents after all and the last time -- when was the last time you change rules for the interest of your kids. do i have anyone here? as partner in the school building pta and parents understand there are certain challenging realities there is never enough time seldom enough money and oftentimes minimal resources but that can never be

a free pass not to do the right thing for our kids. for parents that means we have to step up to the plate and support our schools the board the administration school food service and the teachers and students to make sure that the school meals are successful in that means having a seat at the table and finding solutions to the challenges. do we need updated kitchen equipment to serve fresh food and how will we secure funding? do we need volunteers for breakfast to be served in the classroom or let's get parents and grandparents together. do we need to taste tests new items? do we need to adjust fund-raising practices? let's do this. one of the most common questions that we hear as we travel around the country is will our kids have enough time to eat lunch? i can we solve this problem? we can do this together. maybe a little bit of time and a lot of effort but we can do it. in closing thank you for having me here for this testimony.

>> thank you very much. dr. cook welcome. >> thank you very much chairwoman stabenow and distinguished members of the committee. i'm a pediatrician and internist from a senior and american heart association volunteer. the unintended benefit of my dual training is now being realized in the current childhood obesity epidemic. today i see young patients with type ii diabetes high cholesterol and fatty liver disease. these are conditions which i'm familiar with this and internist treating adult patients the right colleagues never saw before. in other words our children are developing adults disease is accelerated by the poor diets. the statistics are grim. one in three kids are overweighoverweigh t or obese triple from the 1960s. hypertension high cholesterol and type ii diabetes are affecting children and adolescents at impressive levels. more than 90% of children meet none or one of the five components the heart association uses to define a healthy diet such as eating more fruits and vegetables are more whole

grains. beyond the toll of human suffering obesity is associated with diseases with a steep price tag. the cost of treating obesity related unless is tripled over decade from 78 billion in 1998 to 270 billion in 2009. lead me tell you a story behind the statistics. i currently work in a pediatric track is at the children's hospital at the university of rochester. almost half the students in the rochester school districts are considered overweight or obese than 90% of the students qualify for free and reduced lunch in many instances that being the only healthy meal they receive updates produced during my fellowship that i learned a very important lesson that i want to share with you. i learned that i is a pediatrician must care for children and families beyond the four walls of my office that i can provide late saving medications but what good would it do the same children were doomed to a life of crime -- disease and early death brought upon in part by early unhealthy

diets. i've seen first-hand how children's eating activity habits are established early in life. it's a critical window when eating habits and healthy lifestyles are imprinted behavior being biologically and provides great and unique opportunity to improving the health of our nations children lower medical costs and improving productivity. like to illustrate the delicate balance within the small and consistent change the life of a child and how if they correct way at the right time allow for prevention and treatment to overlap. a colleague of mine and i have a 3-year-old patient who during his annual check-up was found to have a bmi in the obese range 97th percentile preachy discuss with the child's mother of the boy's beverage habits and drinking which the mom did not think it was a problem until they return for is for your check-up in which he was in the 90th percentile for age. they discuss cutting back on sugary beverages as long as instituting changes related to activity level. he came in for regular visits over the next two and a half years and his we continue to increase but more slowly read

over his last two visits his weight decreased by just over a pound over seven months. by now his bmi percentile with 69th percentile for age right where it should be in the normal range. these changes in behavior we discussed were not of a high intensity level like a treatment level needed for older children or those affected by obesity but the consistent message is part of well child visits with age-appropriate recommendations for nutrition and physical activity screen time and sleep gratis is also motivating parents and including a childcare center moving to improve policies around meals and snacks and the patient is on the right path for a healthy life. programs set the stage for millions of children to also get a head start for a lifetime of healthy habits. based on solid research i urge the committee in congress to continue the good work school districts with school districts to prioritize child nutrition programs.

it's a great investment in our children nations future. to be less is -- to do less is unacceptable. i believe we cannot let perfect be the enemy of good. usda and schools can work through challenges while the same time applying evidence-based strategies for altering the food environment and presentation with minimal cost. let me conclude by noting the reauthorization place at critical on improving the health of our nations nation's children a future in their nations future it's one of the many strategies that while alone won't be enough must be implemented to turn the tide on obesity and any other chronic obesity related conditions among america's youth. the very lives of our children are at stake. thank you. >> thank you very much doctor for that testimony. ms. stanislaus welcome. >> thank you for having me. good morning chairman's stabenow and members that -- sharing my

views on child attrition programs like school breakfast and school lunch. when i think about this issue of school nutrition from the perspective of a principal and parent of middle school and elementary's age child the benefits of universal or free reduced meals programs is obvious. i was a child of two working-class parents who worked tirelessly to close feed and nurture five children. as a child i participated in the mail program at my school. i recall looking forward to going to school every day and wondering what was going to be served for breakfast and lunch. i can testify first-hand that the school meal program had a positive impact on my life and my learning. there are children in classrooms all over this nation that cities and suburbs and communities who are coming to school extremely eager to learn.

in order for students to learn at high levels they must be prepared and ready to concentrate by starting their day off with a nutritious breakfast. the numbers show that one out of five school-age children struggle with hunger in this country. i can tell you that on a more personal note i have 65% of my students who receive free and reduced breakfast and lunch daily and they are still struggling with having enough to eat at home. i can also tell you that this makes it harder for them to learn. i'm not alone. they are alone. there are teachers in principals all over this country who will tell you the same thing. there are children in classrooms all over the nation's cities and suburbs who are coming to school to hungry to learn. in some cases the nutritious school breakfast and lunch are the only meals for students have on a daily basis.

children who consistently do not get enough to eat tend to go to the nurse more often have trouble focusing on lessons which often result in off task behavior and difficulties with sharing their best thinking on their tasks. research show that students who do get enough nutrition on a daily basis feel better, learn more, develop good eating habits and grow up stronger. we spend so much time and thought and money in this nation around educating our children. we ask questions like how do we improve our test scores? how do we ensure that students graduate? and there are some wonderful programs and innovations to educate our kids but if they are too hungry to learn we have lost them before we have begun. there are two really key times i see hunger is a widespread problem. in the mornings and after the

summer and the start of the school year. for students of low income families their nutrition comes from school meals. without school but it's in lunch the students would not get the nutrition they need. you can really see it in the morning. i have seen students come to school and they have been not eaten since lunch the day before. they are irritable, they cannot focus, they are only able to think about where their next meal is coming from. i am grateful that my school is a universal free breakfast program. this program enables all of my students to receive nutritious breakfast and start their day off right. another danger time is over the summer vacation. students do not get school meals when school is out of session. you can see a real difference at the start of the school year between students who had enough

to e over the brakes and those who struggled. the ones who may not have been getting consistent males are more stressed out. they take longer to get into the swing of the school year. they have forgotten a lot of what they have learned the year before and it makes a real difference with their progress. as a principal i make it my duty to greet my students every morning. this is an opportunity for me to quickly gauge my students current social emotional state. this particular morning i noticed a student who appeared tired and unhappy. before i could ask him what was wrong he asked me ms. stanislaus are we going to be getting breakfast this morning? i don't have any money. i quickly reassured him that breakfast was waiting for him in his first period classroom. a sense of relief came over his face and he quickly proceeded into the building.

this and many other stories similar to this one confirmed to me how important it is that schools have a nutritious breakfast and lunch program for students and how much they rely on them on a daily basis. i would like to share with you some current research conducted by the nonprofit organization no kid hungry and the consulting firm deloitte. they analyzed the ways hunger affects a child's ability to learn. their research focused primarily on what happens when students from low-income families get red faced every day. here are some of their findings. their attendance rate went up, tardiness and absences were down on average students scored 17.5% higher on math assessments. higher attendance and higher test scores are closely tied to graduation rates. students who attend school regularly and receive better

grades or 20% more likely to graduate from high school. this has a huge potential impact on their futures and hours. high school graduates are more than -- more likely to find better employment make higher salaries have become self-sufficient. i thank you for this time. once again i'm the proud principal of francis guy keyed middle school. >> thank you. >> thank you to each of you for your important testimony and first let me start general hawley with you. since 2012 the department of defense has really expanded its efforts to combat obesity and i think as you indicated as well people are surprised that we start this whole process of reauthorization talking about what is happening in our military and department of defense but it's a very real concrete example of what's happening in terms of obesity in our country. i know you are investing in dod

is investing a lot of time and funding to prevent obesity. could you talk a little bit more about those investments versus the amount of money being spent to treat obesity? see as you know i retired several years ago so i can't claim to be an expert on everything going on in dod today but i do know that they have instituted a number of trial programs. a healthy base initiatives which includes all of the services to institute programs to increase awareness of the problem among our soldiers sailors airmen and marines and coast guard because of some of the testimony pointed out sometimes people don't even understand what their diet is doing to them. doing things like color coding items in the commissary and the dining hall dining facilities red, green and yellow.

green says you can e all you want, it's good for you and it will help you be a better person in the military better soldier sailor and airman. if it's yellow maybe not so much and if it's red hey why do you avoid that. that's full of sugar and that's not good for you. the air force i know has instituted a program recently on a trial basis that they hope to expand better food better body. again trying to increase awareness among our airmen to let them know hey your nutrition is important. it's going to affect how you perform and of course your performance is going to affect how well you do in your career and our service so there's a lot going on and i know it's going to expand because this is a very important item. the cost of those programs is insignificant compared to the cost of treating the problem. i think i cited the number

1.1 billion to treat obesity and overweight related illnesses in our military medical system and the tricare program that supports people like me and others. so you cited fort teen billion. there's just no comparison. >> well thank you. principal stanislaus could you talk a little bit as a principal how your school is working to ensure kids are receiving healthy breakfasts and healthy lunches? what kinds of things are you doing? >> we were fortunate enough this year to receive a grant from the state that allowed us to have a free breakfast program for not only the 65% of our students who would receive free and reduced meals breakfast but for all students. we already had in place what we called a sustained silent reading in the morning and once

we received the breakfast program we were able to bring the breakfast items into the first period classroom so now we call it books and breakfasts and it works out really nicely. the students, i have seen it increase in my attendance rate. i check it every week. we are certain to check the students coming in on time and are there at school and ready to learn. we have seen some great increases. another partnership that i formed was a partnership at the university of maryland at my former school where they would come and can actually have lessons with the students on the importance of nutrition. so i really think it starts with advocacy of a principal and tapping into the resources. i worked very closely with our food services director and our program in my county and i'm consistently asking for

opportunities for my students in my community. we were selected for this summer one of 12 schools to receive a summer lunch program so not only will my students benefit but students who live in that community up to age 18 are welcome to come to my school for a free lunch. >> thank you and one more question before my time is up. mr. thornton can you talk from the parent standpoint about working together to make the school program a success? a little bit more about how you see parents involvement? >> first of all we believe and we really push a solid wellness policy around our school systems and pta with basic we used six standards for effective school partnerships and working on issues such is the attrition. welcoming all families into the

school communicating effectively these particular programs and just to give you an example you know at home we understand that it's important with the family meal, sometimes they don't have the time to properly planned those things and we understand that. one of the tools that we have is we partner with the healthy weight commitment foundation and provided grants to a lot of ptas around the country to help parents were gone nutrition and educate them on nutrition within the schools. what does a healthy plate look like? what does a healthy grocery shopping trip look like? those are some of the grants we have been doing assist some of our parents. one of the strategies we use. >> thank you very much. senator brown. >> and chair i thank you all for your testimony. it was terrific. i want to make three quick

comments before i get to my questions. i appreciate general hawley's, and center stabenow's comment about the program after world war ii in response to far too many recruits being malnourished. i think it's important to put anything this government does into historical context because it teaches us for the future so thank you for that on i want to mention ohio health care provider in toledo announced a plan to reduce hunger and improve childhood nutrition. they view hunger not just as a moral issue like all of you at but one of the most important ways to lower health care costs in the third point i wanted to make ms. stanislaus is the summer feeding program in my state we have 600,000 students every day in a single day on the

average in getting at school free or reduced lunch programs. in the summer and we are slightly above the national average, only 60,000 students on any single day participating in the summer feeding program so you think of the difference there. 600,000 in a particular day in march or april and in july and august is one tenth of that and what that says about what we are doing and where we need to go. i would first say if i had teenage children i would want them to go to francisca key middle school because i know the leadership that the principals show and what a difference that makes in the whole school environment. teachers are better in the students are better. the custodians are better. everything is better. i have a conference call to ohio reporters yesterday on the issue of summer feeding and asking them -- i usually don't ask

reporters to suggest what the right but i asked them to get the word out for summer feeding programs. part of it is we only have 1700 sites which is more than we have had had other summers. we get americorps and some other groups and individuals helping us build the sites. you have got to build them in may or june and take them down in september and you have to find people at churches and schools and libraries and all. talk to me if you wouldn't talk to the committee of on -- ms. stanislaus what that means in terms of the huge drop off not just weekends, don't talk the weekends and during the school year but in the summer what that means to children to their development to their physical mental development to their preparation and the next fall for this goal and what that means. >> thank you. when i look into their faces that is where a start. i can see immediately if a student has been taking care of over the summer, has had nutritious meals. you can tell by their physical

appearance, by their level of energy when they come back. it doesn't even take a summer. you can see over a spring break if they come back. very often it takes them a lot longer to get ready for their school day, for their school week. if school starts on the monday they may be ready by wednesday, so what i have noticed was just a drop in their socialization. i have noticed them miss behaving more where when they have a level of consistency, when they know that they had eaten every day and it's a nutritious breakfast and lunch, their anxiety doesn't go up. right now is the second to last day of school in my school and

many other middle schools and his principals talk we are noticing the anxiety and our children are increasing and i think part of it is because they know they are not going to be able to come and and get that free breakfast and free lunch. i am fortunate to have the school that will have that this summer but not all schools in my system have it. only 12. >> if i could take another few minutes. understanding probably in the state of maryland this summer feeding program is roughly 10, 12 or 15% a year. if you have an active middle school like yours with however many students that you said it's a universal free breakfast how many of them are in the summer and what can we learn from what you do there in your geographic location to reach into communities and do better everywhere?

>> thank you. it starts with communicating bursts. this summer will be my actual first summer with the school to see exactly how this program works. i do have over 900 students. it's us reaching out to the parents. >> you have 900 during the school year door during the summer? >> during the school year. it's open to everyone and i'm not sure yet. >> do you know how many you have? >> we did not have a summer program. we are excited to have it to have it this year and i can get back to you and let you know the success of it. >> if i could interrupt sorry madam chair. i know it seems most that i have watched and been part of this and observer the breakfast and lunch and snacks in the summer are pretty much preprepared in boxes and all that.

we do in the summer feeding program because you are using the middle schools cafeteria i assume what you prepare it the same way these breakfasts and lunches the same way you do during the school year? >> yes. breakfast is usually a cold breakfast cereal and a bagel and fruit but for the lunch package it's going to be prepared the same way it would be prepared during the school year. they're actually going to have higher staff to come in and ensure that the teachers are teaching and the staff are working. >> reimbursement for this is enough to fund the same kind of feeding program you do during the school year, the same kind of preparation of food you do during the school year? >> yes. the county is handling the funding. >> thank you very much. an important question and we will get into reauthorization of breakfast versus lunch.

another great children's advocate which we are lucky to have on this committee is senator brown and senator casey welcome. thank you. >> may i chair thank you and thank you for having this hearing and this great testimony and great witnesses and to have senator brown who is asking a lot of the questions that are on the minds of each of us when it comes to the general drop-off between the children they get either breakfast or lunch or both during the school year and in the summer a huge drop off. in pennsylvania we have more than 1.8 million children on the school lunch program. a fraction of that are getting healthy summer and that's one of our big challenges. at the outset i want to make a brief statement about a philosophy of mind or a guiding principle for me. i think one of the problems we have nationally in terms of our national programs, national efforts are a national strategy

which i don't think we have for children that i think what we need. this question we are examining in this hearing is i think it leaves one of the four pillars are one of the four parts of the strategy. if we are doing the right thing and we are a long way from this we should make sure that every child has health insurance, every child has a quality early learning opportunity and i must say every single child that has to be the goal that every child has the kinds of basic protections from predators and number four and not in this order is the issue we are talking about today. children have access to enough food to e but making sure its nutritious food. if we do those were things for every child it would be a much better country and our national security would be enhanced. this is one of those four and i know i don't have time for every question but i want to start with dr. cook three of the wic

program, talk to me about that in terms of the women infants and children's program as a preventative step to cut back on the potential that child will be obese down the road and we can talk about that one particular program. >> sure in thank you sure in thank you very much for that question. the women ever than children's program represents a great opportunity. in new york a pilot at some of the first changes we are able to see in our community how the offerings to the mothers were changing. more whole grains better variety of foods from others who as well as for infants and children more culturally diverse food offerings as well which we know is appropriate if the family comes from a certain cultural background what they are offered isn't relative to the parents who are serving these mails it isn't going to work. it also represents a great window as patricians where we

took it another way to outreach to families. if we can get wic workers in our families and our waiting rooms today's a month where they can be there and make available the information to families we feel that's a huge advantage. i've mentioned before 90% of children are committed to in the city of rochester qualify for free and reduced lunch and because of that the whole school district has the universal lunch program as well. the two largest practices in the city hours and the other training practice affiliated with another hospital in our system we have about 13 or 14,000 patients in each of them. 65% if not more our medicaid medicare eligible and we know what those two practices we reach approximately 45 to 50% of the children in the city. just with those two sites linking access to weekend with enrollment represents a great opportunity to get the information out. for the past couple of years we have been working with the food pantry agency organizing summer meal programs as well as have the agencies to get information

about where summer meals are into the pediatric actresses. when kids are coming in for a summer camp physical or thomas we have the information available. we try to think a season or two ahead and that's been one of the strategies we have looked at specifically. i am fortunate to guess where he trained in rochester the concept of community pediatrics was born because we felt we'd reach out to children. we have done it rate jobs with vaccines granting him assisting kids that we are now seeing this wave of new morbidity and attrition physical inactivity mental health issues are part of that wave so we have to think outside the four walls of our office. >> i was going to ask you a question and i will ask you to question my own way. if he just looked at one indicator and how we were doing in terms of national policy to undergird a national policy for helping pregnant women i don't think we have got a very high letter grade. maybe it d and that's my opinion

but i think we have a long way to go and wic plays a role. i know we are almost out of time but i wanted to ask principal stanislaus maybe just on a lighter note when you talk about your inability in the morning and sustained silent reading periods that might help on the senate. [laughter] we don't need more irritability. we have plenty of that is sustained rate breeding should be considered for senators. the whole question which so central to the life of a child. i like to say if kids learn more now they will earn more later. you can't really learn if you are hungry and you can't really learn if you have a lot of other things happening to you. just as the basic fundamental question about the trouble children have concentrating because of lack of access to

food or nutritious food, talk about that for a minute. >> i think for me personally because i was one of those children and i have a rational connection to what that really feels like if you don't have your breakfast because, or you don't have dinner because there's nothing at home to eat and you are truly waiting to come to school for that meal i can get it because i can envision what that feels like because i have lived it. i understand even when my students are middle schoolers we all know at times they say oh i'm fine or they try to be too proud i know what that really means. it may just mean taking them into another location in saint oh here's your breakfast. so yes it plays a very heavy

role. that is why i think it's a principal you really need to be in touch with the social emotional side of where your children are and really get to know them and get to know their families. unfortunately there is a really big stigma with being a student who receives free and reduced meals. for some reason they just know that oh i'm a student who receives free and reduced meals but having my breakfast program made such a difference because now everyone and any child, it doesn't matter the income of their parent, it can get their meal in the morning and it's no stigma attached. so it's really pushing students pass that in order to help them unlock their best thinking but because if you are hungry you are not going to concentrate. you may get some of the

information that you are going to miss most of the information. at times the hunger and the misbehavior tend to go hand-in-hand. once you take care of that fundamental need you often find that students are able to elevate their progress throughout the course of the day and throughout the course of the year. >> thanks very much. thank you madam chair. >> thank you. senator klobuchar. >> thank you very much. sorry i was ready. ready. our senate judiciary hearing where we have some boats with a new i was at the right hearing when i saw senator gillibrand orange peels here. thank you so much sure so much to her witnesses and thank you to the chairman for holding this hearing. in 2010 we overwhelmingly approved major reforms to the child nutrition program through the healthy hunger free kids, hunger-free kids act and i supported that legislation and felt strongly about it and i

opposed some of the current efforts to roll it back. i think we have shown a bit of progress with some stability in the numbers in the rates of childhood obesity but i think we all know there's a lot more work to be done and i guess i would start with you general holly. in your testimony hugh included in anecdote of schoolchildren in the consumption of 2 million candy bars that weighed more than uss -- carrier. the smart snacks in school provision takes effect july 1. and your view what do vending machines and all a card finds play in recruitment? >> they play a huge role. we know that sugar is a primary contributor to this problem. the over consumption of sugar.

i'm not an expert on what's going on in today's schools because my kids brew up a long time ago but i can relate a tale from one of my partners in this effort related to the fact that when he was a child growing up in north carolina they had cigarettes and schools. this is a place where kids go to get that habits reinforced. our experience in the military is that by the time we get them as recruits it's almost too late to influence their habits because we all know we develop eating habits early. i like the things my mother fed me when i was a child. i'm 72 years old and nothing has changed. so these habits that are children form by accessing these vending machines with unhealthy foods, sugary drinks, twinkies you name it shape their habits

going forward in that affects our ability as military services to recruit adequately and it contributes to the fact that only 25% of enlistment eligible youth could join the military if they walked into a recruiter's office today. so we need to get a handle on that. steam is stanislaus thanks for your work as a principal. my mom taught second grade until she was seven years old. she had 30-second graders at age 70 so i really appreciate your work. his implementation of the hunger-free kids act continues usda as you you know is provide additional technical assistance including 25 million in funding to help schools purchase kitchen equipment that will allow them to provide healthier meals. as the frustrated works closely with the cafeteria in your school do you think there's

going to be more investment in kitchen equipment in order to provide healthier meals? >> i thing for my county the food services administrators often visit our school to monitor and ensure that the lunches that we are serving aren't healthy. i have to say my county has done a really great job with giving our school and all the schools across the county kind of a guideline as to what is acceptable nutritional values. days of pizza parties are gone because we want to ensure that the foods we are serving are of high nutritional value. fink about the vending machine. we do have the vending machine. it is on a timer and i thank you for ensuring that we do have healthy snacks in the vending machine that are not only be fitting with the expectation here is for this committee but

also the expectation for my county. students guess they are allowed to go to the vending machines but after they have eaten their meals. getting back to the equipment in the kitchen everything for the kitchen i would say we are pretty much doing okay but if there is any -- ever anything that we need the county is right there to support my staff. >> our state has been a leader in bringing the farm to school programs in place and i'm out of time here but i will ask you about that in writing. so thank you very much for all your work and we know that change isn't easy but i think the stanzas are very important and i don't think now is the time to roll them back so thank you. >> thank you very much. senator thune. >> thank you madam chairwoman and thank you all for being here and for providing great insights on this important subject. general thank you for your

service. welcome back and it's nice to see you again. i'm interested in the fact that 25% of our young people 17 to 24 are eligible and you listed academic preparedness obesity and criminal records as the three. where does obesity fit into that and how has that changed in the time that you are in the service relative to those other factors? >> on the first people are disqualified sometimes for multiple reasons so it's hard to pinpoint exactly what percentage is due to overweight or obesity. it's better than one in five of the disqualified applicants archer beautiful to overweight or obesity. the change is dramatic of course over the course of our service. in 1964 was a very different

country then and a vcd was not nearly the problem that we have today. i can't give you a number but i would guess it's below 10%. we are rejected from service because of their way. >> you said 1200 a year or discharge because of that. when they are discharged we assume when they came in they met the weight requirements and will contributes to that when they are in the service? >> i think most of them were borderline when they came in and of course we feed them very well we exercise a lot but we offer a lot of food and sometimes it's due to other factors. they have consumed so many sugary drinks rather than milk and too few vegetables so their bones are brittle and we wind up with both a weight related problems and a diet related

problem so they suffered fractures but there are a lot of issues for those. every time we have to discharge one for these problems we spend about $75,000 to go recruit a replacement to the tune of about $90 million a year. >> let me direct this to anybody on the panel but just what can be done to encourage parents to do a better job, take more responsibility for providing healthy nutrition -- katrisha's meals? people hearken back to their younger days. when i was going up, i grew up in the small town and we didn't have a school lunch program so everybody either went home or brought a sack lunch to school. we fortunately live close enough to the school that we would go home but my parents both work and somehow my mother managed to get up in the morning and get

something for us for breakfast and put something in the oven for lunch. it's a very different world today that what can we do to encourage and better incentivize parents to complement the males that are provided at the schools and ensure that our kids are getting the nutrition that they need? >> i can speak on the topic from the stand point of i have yet to meet a parent that doesn't want to try to provide the basic necessities as we have heard and feeding and sleeping are probably the most important things to a parent of a newborn. it's really important to craft that message and think about that message very early. we are even seeing research that at the time of conception and during pregnancy is when mothers are planning what they're going to do for their child where they sleep how they feed if they to sustain those behaviors early.

it's important to understand and when i say parents unfortunately this does become much a burden of mothers because of their role. i think it's really important to understand that identifying these issues very early at the health of pregnancy can be one of the early windows to identify where parents feel is normal and not normal what is healthy versus perceived healthy and we have hit on history a lot here. i find that very important one of best advocates i've often found is when grandmas in the room because that can be a great resource for the family. unfortunately many of the families i see not really the traditional family may not have the same type of social support and social structure that can get that type of beneficial anecdotal evidence. i think it's important understand the evidence is very difficult to figure out in kids because you can do research study on a child the same weekend on insult.

they're protected populations who is using history and using families in this case providing resources at critical times in infancy and childhood in getting families to adopt these is an important time because it can imprint the saviors throughout their lifetime. >> you think we put too much -- is it disincentive to parents to increase the number of meals and parents start shifting the responsibility to the schools and say the school is going to take care of that? >> i think the important balance to try to strike because the parents are zooming and parents to have a respect for the school to protect their child so i think it represents that balance that they are assuming it's the right thing that is being done there and as we have had parents engage schools around the pta and around school wellness policies that become shocked when they see what is available. so i think it's a balance of the responsibility of the parent as well as school and that's why having parents involved in the process is moving this forward very well.

the my time has expired so thank you madam chairwoman. thank you all. >> thank you very much. senator gillibrand. >> thank you madam chairwoman for holding this hearing. i'm very grateful. mr. thornton with the start of summer upon us i'm reminded many of our low-income students and children will lose access to school breakfasts and lunches that they read on and during the school year and hunger and obesity going up during summer vacation. most summer picture schist programs occur in tandem with enrichment programs that keep kids learning engage in safe during the summer months. despite these benefits summer meals reach a fraction of eligible children and many children often don't have access and go hungry during the summertime. can you talk about the access to healthy meals year-round so the children returned to the school year healthy and ready to learn? >> senator thank you for your question.

one of my things as i talked to 4 million parents around the country is personal accountability and education in things that begin at home and his doctor cook mentioned earlier different people come from different stages in life. i'm one of those kids that did not have during the summers the food and things like that. my family did the best they could but we have to keep that in mind as we look at the public school system as a public good and these programs to help kids that may not have the privilege or opportunity that other kids have had. senator as the programs we are looking at and working for for our children we are actually working with secretary vilsack in the department that culture and other organizations to help find those resources to get

additional food and things for those kids in the summer recognizing as we heard the principal talk about today the impact that it has on their academic performance and coming back to school after having to deal with that. so very directly we are working with government agencies and health advocates to try to get those programs in the communities. >> thank you. dr. cook you know and new york we talk a lot about the intersection of childhood obesity and actual hunger that the quality of the nutrition that some of our most obese of these children are receiving is so low that they are actually obese but still starving. we address this a bit in the farm bill trying to make sure inner cities or remote areas have access to affordable fruits and vegetable. you'd be surprised there are food deserts in the bronx and brooklyn and the north country

in a state as wealthy and rich as new york. it seems outrageous but can you talk a little bit about the intersection of hunger and obesity and what are the dynamics at play and whether your best ideas for the school attrition program to combat both her and the other programs that you think are worth mentioning? >> thank you very much for the question senator. the interaction of hunger and obesity is an important and complex one and his research has actually shown the body physiologic adapts to these different states. anecdotally the story is always bad at the beginning of the month families have more food in near the end of the month or the month there is less so we have seen evidence that shows eating patterns and foods available are different at the first of the month versus the end of the month. that has an impact on the body and biologically when we put on calories the body's metabolism

we store alters to hold onto that and defend that way because we know we need to survive so you know it's not the stone age or bodies physiologically still respond that way which makes weight loss extremely difficult. we have a purse especially a child who gained a tremendous amount of weight for whatever reason the origins whether hunger stress depression overfeeding and cyclic feeding programs you would see if you are having more calories at the beginning of the month versus the end that makes it more difficult to lose weight. the stress that comes with that hunger drives up or months and that drives up appetite so that distress that goes on in some of our children obesity is one of the manifestations of that. the hunger is always there and as we look at these children metabolically even though their weight may be normal or high their nutrient deficient. we still see many children obese children who are iron deficient who are borderline vitamin d deficient because while they get excess calories they are not getting the important nutrients and we know in childhood

especially in infancy and toddlerhood when the brain growing just like his more susceptible to a small level of toxin like lead a small amount of lead fed to a child exposed as a child has a big impact on the brain. very concerning the nutrition science is coming along suggesting some the same findings. are we imprinting eating behavior soar because of nutritional deficiencies affecting the developmental growth the brain growth in children? [inaudible] can you talk about ways to increase participation in school attrition program such as offering breakfast or lunch for free-for-all students allowing a student eligible for reduced school meals to participate for free or implementing a breakfast program? >> i still struggle every year with having my parents complete a form that will make them eligible for their students to receive free and reduced meals.

as stated earlier i currently have slightly over 65% of my students who are eligible for that but i can assure you that i have more children in my building whose parents may not have felt comfortable filling out that form because it's in a sense figmick ties them. funds received the free breakfast program for all students it took that stigma away. so wouldn't it be amazing to have a free breakfast program and a free lunch program so that it would take away the stigmatism that goes with having to fill out that form and turn it in and oh my -- what are they going to think about my? so i struggle with that every year. sometimes it's me calling a parent into my office and having a heart to heart and letting them know it's okay i will take

the form. i will personally turn it in. it makes that difference but that's the difference in the time that i'm willing to take and many of my colleagues to ensure that children get what they need. in saying that i think if it doesn't change its exciting students about learning about nutrition. like dr. cook was saying using food as fuel as opposed to i just wanted eat it is it really tastes good. they may be trying different things that will excite them and in turn often excite the parents. but going back to if it were a free-for-all -- if it were free-for-all i can imagine everyone with partake in the program. >> thank you very much. senator boseman we are so glad to see you. >> thank you madam chairwoman.

thank you very much. ms. stanislaus i really don't have a question for you but i want to thank you as the principal. i know how hard you will work great it was on the school board for seven years and i tell my colleagues doesn't matter what issue we are discussing here there are many school board issues that are much tougher. we do appreciate all that you represent and the people that work with you and for you to get this done. ..

>> >> the amount of time a peridot our child needs to be active to burn 600 calories would probably

drive the parent nets because of the amount activity. of misconception is that children are very active banded bird was calories so those liquid calories are the important first step. >> i don't mean to interrupt but you've run into the same problem with the coca-cola types of beverages but then with the high calorie sugar or carbohydrates be made virtually all the calories a week during fall into that rage with the similar pattern. sold the space need for it can be liquid calories. when we bring in more evidence it is mindless. they are not active it is more time for consumption. you may not bird

100 calories but it is that what you don't katchis this is a repetitive type of behavior and to that is a concern for the parents having that collateral as vintage can be beneficial if we can get these eight appropriate steps and in other settings like early childhood programs and after-school programs then we hit them with the save message multiple times still make you equated that it has some problems with it the of bmi there are body types i hear from parents occasionally you have a kid that is good if healthy and

normal looking but the bmi says they are obese but is there another test that is coming in all perhaps will do a better job of identifying those hundred indeed? >> bmi is a useful tool on a population level measuring the top third but of the individual level a to be more limiting because it measures way to as fact and muscle i caution pitcher issues to think about with the higher the cutoff but also the young child by velasquez they ask for a vice. what is the parents' weight having to obese parents is of bigger risk factor they and their weights at the time so additional measures come side of the research we

try to develop because they are a group that are not steadied as closely and we need to understand the normal physiological gross but we don't have as many children going through that then rebut have 30 years ago. when parents day they have big bones but most callers don't have that much muscle mass even with bohai be mia it would have more components of body fat now with teenagers it is the different story and can be difficult but a key of b86 -- be a mixed on every tumor is cancer not every hayek bmi is obesity. >> even with the pediatric community by concern is at

the school level cliff the administrator and the smaller schools they looked at the number and automatically it is that way without using common sense. >> i agree. schools have a lot of their play to antisepsis devastating is beneficial but as we have a statement asking parents to do survey they want to you talk about this with there primary-care provider. the few but clouds stories that made or may not be true but into a different context it can take some of us the burden of the schools.

>> we will be wrapping up but of lightfast use the same question talking about childhood nutrition and the impact in the school also more about -- broadly. if you could give the committee a piece of advice what would you say is the most important thing to address the concerns and the idea is that you raised today? >> to have persistence maya advice is stay with it this is an important program i am shirr it is not perfect and

it can be improved but it is beginning to work. my view is it is a cultural issue and they take a long time to change so we should not expect instant results from a program least of all that tries to change the nation's eating habits. stayed with it and keep up the good work and we will see the results over time. >> great advice. >> talk about nutrition they remain the same it is impractical to force parents for access to healthier foods while facing the same obstacles to make a difference we have worked very hard of the history of

the pta to make sure they have access to equal education improper fitness and nutrition i just say qa and the committee for engaging in this topic which is critical to the future to our country and make no mistake said decision to reauthorize the have a definite impact around the schools or hospitals or military and holmes. thank you for this time. >> they key far the question and i find it of question we get a lot sometimes the one thing i would do to get everyone to realize there is not one thing you can do. everything is part of the problem. each strategy and proposal

represent 1% so we made to include all of these and think global but act locally it will occur at the grassroot level so they q for a the question in just to conclude with obesity is important it comes up as a disease but it does not carry the dignity as others but that is the problem so it is important to make this about health to promote health across children and families. >> fate you very much. >> we mentioned in the few times today how the schools are on the front lines. think you for this opportunity to share our experiences but the

partnership is definitely something that lets continue the conversation figuring out what actions we will take back to our schools and districting and continued opportunities to increase education for parents one principal schoolhouse i find real struggle with funding to have a different defense for families it does take money to put these together. so robbing peter to pay paul and if we can seek about the opportunity as i mentioned earlier with the after-school program with

the gloves to be a part of. this does not need to stop here to do to get feedback is of a great welcome to all educators. >> the discussion does not stop here. it is just the beginning it is important to me to start with the big picture why we have these programs. we will hear from all perspectives working with everyone to make sure the way things are done make sense and are workable to move for word, not backward but we think it is very important to talk about why

as a country or community that we need to care. but me reminded colleagues any questions should be submitted five business days from today and the hearing is adjourned. [inaudible conversations]

>> we need to learn to again how to work together, how to do a compromise and make

pragmatic decision is. with the upcoming midterm elections americans will have choices to make a pass to go down to make the investments we need in our people. i will leave the discussion to others but for a lot of us in the private and non-profit sector rehab work to do government does not have a monopoly on good ideas obviously handed it could not and should not try to solve all the problems in self we have responsibilities to do what we can

[inaudible conversations] >> the hearing will come to order.

of little over one year ago the city of boston was struck by a tragedy during the 117th boston marathon. pressure kirchner bombs were detonated near the finish line to injured more than 300 and killed two. says attack which we have viewed again and again on television and on the first anniversary will never be forgotten or the heroism that unfolded immediately following those attacks. police, medical personnel volunteers, and spectators ran toward the of last to aid in the injured these tax saved countless lives the tragic events of the boston marathon remind us we must

constantly seek to counter the threats and anticipate the threats from homegrown terrorist with the ability to prevent the next attack. to dave as we strive we have the opportunity to look back and ask ourselves this question. what if the attack occurred differently? what if the pressure cooker bombs were not just bombs but dirty bomb is? the last question is what we will focus on today. the dirty bomb is the explosive device when detonated explosives radiation around the blast if it successfully close off those who survive the of last are exposed to harmful amounts of radiation that

could cause sickness or deaths predicted render air is uninhabitable but for years making that particular weapon and a highly destructive weapon. the boston marathon turned them into a dirty bomb is the consequences could have been multiplied with three order of magnitude. for instance when medical personnel tried to run into is a blast to help the injured was a favor exposed to harmful amounts of radio logical material? it cannot be seen or smelled and with this hypothetical what would have been helpful

could have disrupted the situation in. it does not come to pass. focusing on the threat of a dirty bomb to receive minerva's security here for ideological material across the country that could be used to create a dirty bomb turco two years ago at the request of did you all the diego issued a report examining the government's efforts to look at medical facilities idiological material. sure of after i joined senators requested the audit

with industrial sites those that are stationary are often found in small devices routinely used in open areas this headache camera that commonly used at construction sites at foundations for imperfections. bacon paid idiological material that could be used to help create a dirty bomb.

if they found left unsecured but touche testified of the of idiological material but the messages are clear. despite government efforts and then they wish to do us harm. but those cases that potentially dirty bomb material was stolen between 2006 and 2012 they found two cases with extensive criminal history with the unsupervised access with security bomb material one had previously been convicted to make terrorist threats. we will learn more about these full their abilities from our friends that said

gao but we have got to do better. given the consequences of a dirty bomb there is no excuse. i will say it again reach just have to do better. to protect against the next to oklahoma city bombing of the next 9/11 every half two-stage several steps ahead of the terrorist we must anticipate to carry out terrorist plots will be for there ever conceived your education -- executed in to prevent the dirty bomb attacks from recurring. with that we will turn to the panel i will make some brief introductions then

present your testimony and will ask some questions. by then it will be time before dinner. [laughter] fifty-four coming and for your preparation and willingness to answer our questions we have the deputy administrator for defense nuclear non-proliferation for the national security administration. does that fit on a business card? [laughter] barely. that is a lot. you have held this position since 2010? serving as the director at the national academy of science on arms control also holding positions in state departments the office of proliferation also.

next please pronounce your last name i will try it. that is the great neighbor of domestic protection in office for of the director that was pointed it in 2013 after pre-acting director since 2012. i a understand you have served did multiple positions in the office since 2005 there prior to do that work to at the site and san technology electorate be federal aviation in administration. the next witness is california executive director for operations at

the regulatory commission in serves as a chief operating officer overseeing the operations he joined 25 years ago as the operating license examiner then with senior project engineer with u.s. naval academy graduate as a nuclear trained a submarine officer. thank you for that service for the final witness who serves as a director of the environmental group is the primary author to be presented by the security of idiological sources the current wall provides leadership and oversight and

clean up the issues and is focused on in our mental clean-air issues than epa management. surveying at the military a affairs and enforcement issues. those are the introductions they don't do justice but they help to better form this committee and thus set with the potential threats. please proceed. >> mr. chairman take you for giving me the opportunity to air and testified on the infers to enhance the security air vulnerable high active forces thank you for your continued interest of the committee and its

leadership and to thank my colleagues from the department of homeland security for being constructed and partners of idiological incidence in conjunction with the federal or local our partners looking at the radioactive materials international that have provided details in my written testimony. we do appreciate comments and implementing their recommendations to increase the number of volunteers a.m. to coordination with other agencies. i want to use the time allotted to look at the pass for word and a strategic approach to address the challenges to secure the materials used in a dirty bomb. the importance was

highlighted at the 2014 nuclear security summit when the united states there was a of an old gift basket to be classified as of lovell that meets or exceeds clubs the code of conduct that the goal was to accomplish this the recent theft demonstrates how much our own security depends on the quality outside the borders contributing in a meaningful way just said individual countries for a joint security.

with the high risk radioactive materials several factors have a new strategic eric approach to address the a dirty bomb threats but factors that reconsider include the large number of radioactive sources the fact that we have new services and devices are introduced the long-term cost the limited options for disposal in the general constraints within the budget the grand challenges how we can achieve permanent risk reduction rather than continue in the current posture just as we have demonstrated it is not

critical for isotopes we can eliminate it from the technology cycle can we use the same for their idiological sources. but to reduce the size and complexity of the overall problem to achieve a reduction by increasing the sights and devices are required the high activity radioactive material. the centerpieces to engage in a rolled wide effort to provide dawn radioactive alternatives to the highest sources that pose the greatest risk or to find ways to reduce the amount of material needed. we will need to have the ingates ripped from that communities but the potential benefits of removing the of risk of a dirty bomb altogether are

significant. considering a range of incentives for replacement where alternatives exist is something we are investigating and collaborating with our research and development office to explore and assessed technical improvements to be transferred for commercialization. we recognize we may not succeed to replace the need for all sources radioactive and industrial sources may not have the acceptable and viable alternative band in such cases we're collaborating with partners with security -- sustainable surface and with the collaboration and what those at the nuclear summit we

also have now seen domestically that some agreement states have taken idiological security to a high-level while we have an important role to play will also encourage all other states to show the same initiative to demonstrate the leadership bang commit resources for security beyond requirements. thank you for your attention and i am happy to answer any questions. >> thank you so much. dr. please present your testimony at this time. >> good morning chairman and i also extend thanks for holding the hearing it is a good opportunity to present and discuss the efforts to prevent a and prepare for idiological he bent.

i am honored to be here today to testify with my colleagues at the domestic office we our focus on the nuclear threat to seek to make terrorism a difficult undertaking for our adversaries and cooperation with partners reid develop and enhance the framework for detecting and analyzing and reporting on nuclear and other radioactive materials. although my office focuses on locating materials we work closely with our colleagues at the department of energy who is responsible for the safety and security and our approach is based on the triad of intelligence by ensuring it is conducted by well-trained operators to

maximize the ability of a nuclear threat the first leg the intelligence and information sharing is the backbone of the architecture the indicators are crucial to said deployment of resources and additionally we have terrorism the events to bring to a future architecture systems. the domestic offices enables information in sharing to provide adjudications support in situational awareness to increase the awareness we reckon the publish information summarize saying relevant news articles about radioactive materials. the second leg dais law enforcement with the

provincial end efforts. since 2005 through collaborative efforts they have provided detection in trading to law enforcement personnel and we conduct approximately 58 exercises with the new cute -- nuclear material ball building trusted networks. to date the office has engaged with 29 states to raise awareness with the local partners as they develop their own program will work with them to build architecture that could be integrated in the event of incredible threat. by 2015 will expand the

efforts to cover all 50 states and by providing mobile to check should do it is designed to supplement existing laws and reporting capabilities in support of national security fence. the program has equipment for up to 40 personally and july 4th will complete the 150 is the point of the mobile detection and unit. the final day is technology for the department of homeless security component we maintain a research portfolio it collaborates with federal research partners as well as academia and the laboratory to bring the right technologies to front line operators.

the final product is now easy to use and more reliable and has more life cycle which with your support we will continue that effort to offer a significant improvement to an hansa national detection capability thank you for this opportunity to protect our nation from rate illegible threat thank you for your support your leadership and our collaboration will help us to ensure a safe and resilience homeland. >> please proceed when you left the navy have many

years did you serve? >> five years of active duty then reserve service of 80 years. >> 23 years? that is how many years that i served five was the of navy commander our job was to track soviet nuclear subs we do surveillance during the vietnam war. >> and often times looking for u.s. submarines mimicry bird got stupid enough. [laughter] we were quiet but it was through sound but we are very proud of your service are you a retired captain? >> so am i.. my son calls made captive by

a captain i always say as you were sailor. >> good morning i appreciate the opportunity to appear today before the nrc in has bidding continues to be a top priority the nrc will work with the 37 states domestic and international organizations of the initiatives to make significant redirecting resources even more secure and less vulnerable. to change the threat environment to result in significant strengthening of the radioactive sources and immediately following 9/11 working with other federal and state agencies prior ties actions to enhance security. the initial actions shows advisories and agreements to

communicate general threats information and to recommend specific action to address potential threats. once identified actions that was needed to retake the agency issued orders that improve behalf requirements but in addition as mandated by the policy act it convened the interagency task force to evaluate and provide recommendations to the president congress relating to use the security of radiation in sources from potential terrorist threats it made the first report in august 2006 concluding there. significant gaps in the areas of radioactive source protection for the second report was provided august 2010 the third report will be submitted in august.

in july 12th the subcommittee on investigations of web based license verification system was discussed to better track transactions the letters she developed a portfolio of automated tools to track credentials and events. this portfolio includes the national source tracking system in the verification system of. it also ceased relying on the perception of good faith and instead the policy by the agreement states would verify a legitimacy of applicants and also issued three licensing guidance with screening activities to

insure every direct resources would be used as intended but as implementing a process through the program to assess its own regional materials program as well as those in the other states. the program provides the systematic and integrated by ration of the strengths and preaknesses of the programs to provide an area that the states should dedicate more resources. through a significant effort to cn arce it developed a radioactive source to replace the earlier orders to provide requirements to wear broad set of licensees it was informed by insights gained through the implementation.

the resulting rule is the optimized mixup performance based perspective requirements to provide the framework for the licensee to develop a security program that measures specifically tailored to its facility compliance with the rule was required for licensees by march 192014. they need to fulfill compatible requirements by march 2016 the efforts of material security have not been the implementation of the radioactive source and will continue to assess its programs to insure it is a secure use and management of radioactive source is this concludes my remarks i will be happy to respond to any questions you may have.

>> faq for joining us and all that you do at gao. >> my testimony today discusses the challenges to insecure redirecting resources in the steps taken to reprove security the of vulnerability was highlighted when attractive mexico a high risk idiological source was stolen. we examine two types of idiological services for bell mobile ian stationary both pose challenges even when following battersea controls the mobile sources make them challenging. officials have stated the true tradition of our resources is the most vulnerable part of the supply chain and nrc requirements to insure security is a general framework to be implemented by the licensee ain't wall

they call on them to secure the resources but they did not by saying that types of locks used are even of arms to be installed in the trucks. what all 15 companies we visited that the security requirements we found a great variation of the security measures some company using the basic box. the risk is underscored by incidents of the left after they instituted increased risk sources to instances where individuals claiming to be state inspectors approached the crew while in the field in the one case reject it with the logo of the state they gained access to the tracking and by a detailed information on the after the crew made calls to confirm the intensity east

typically involve storage warehouse well all know that the security requirements some appear to have told their abilities one facility was unattended one with the cameras restore did not go to the ceiling. another hatta of radiator on wheels and in addition we found some facilities separately secure their high-risk sources to do not have to comply with the increase security requirements licensees of mobile and stationary sources face challenges to determine which are suitable for reliability certification that is required before the employee is given access to news sources is.

the certification is intended to mitigate the threat which nsa has stated is the primary threat. under the battersea's security controls the licensee pranced you employee's access even if convicted of violent crime are making terrorist threats half of the licensees we visited said they had granted the certification of conviction into a cab underscore did access and one example one flies convicted multiple times of the soul, a forgery, a failure to appear t. y., a suspended license and twice for terrorist threats the two conditions were not included in the background information provided by nrc this person was not convicted of threats against

the united states but in against individuals. we also examined a the reports and nsa has of program they have research projects in in addition nrc had the security best practices guide to include recommendations to reexamine the cap from the increased requirements and will be happy to answer any questions you may have. >> we have a couple of photos that have been in large if you could respond to a couple of questions you have a number of individuals

? you could put them on these large charts i would give them to you is a sequence in just described a the foot know a and the security concern. >> this is one of the sites we visited with radiography carries what we identified is the of large door is left open and unattended. >> whatever is inside? to make the radiography camera. the warehouse is the central location when they are stored when not to be used. >> as a couple dozen it? to make any number of cameras located. in this case save could be

in a storage room but because they've written of locked container they need to the requirements notwithstanding fell open door. >> how many handheld devices would be required if they could create a but been of concern? >> i think i bush a deferred but one would be sufficient. >> the next photo. please. what do we have your? >> inside one of the storage warehouses for those cameras but while the caged block on

the door in the wall next to it don't go all the way to cess ceiling so it is the imperfect barrier. and again inside data locked container but still able to meet the requirement of the nrc's. >> janet napolitano used to be secretary of paul man security and reid vs. the year to talk about border security and building along a the mexican border is she said something to build the 20-foot fence somebody will have the 25-foot ladder. [laughter] this reminds me of that. maybe one more photo that has been in large demand take a look at that.

simic this is the picture of a skylight with the nine locations we visited we identified unsecured the skylights at the facility they range from warehouse storing carries to scientific research facilities to a large panoramic radiators. there is quite to range of facilities to have vulnerabilities. notably with the nsa program they go with a voluntary basis to beef up security skylights is one of the areas they employ a target to secure the skylight. >> can you tell us that

building come up for the devices locked up in a secure facility? >> yes. they still need the nrc requirements because they are in a locked container inside the the skylight is the vulnerability with another break to get inside the building to gain access to the container. >> there are locked containers and some are not very secure and can you comment? >> we saw that allocating a at the trucks that travel with their sources of had simple padlocks subhead high security locks and inside the darkroom people would

have the are really surplus contender that provided the requirements some made it much more serious but they bolted it down preparing data is as great period ability from serving in the fields to reach just reacting to what we have seen. any thoughts? >> i was a chess say this is the first to have seen of these pictures or has been made aware of the report being tough organization that always strives to improve we have a new security rules we will look

at the rule but as they're breakeven torrey body we have regulations in place that we do not typically have the '01 rule fits all it is their responsibility to put their program into a place to make sure they are compliant. we do provide guidance that instructs the licensees how they can operate the program in a banner to comply with the requirements bereaved leave it to is the licensee to put their program in place to document to understand completely.

>> is dsp on your system -- on the honor system? >> no. where we have compliance problems they do not comply with the requirements we have the enforcement program dead issue civil penalties on orders to modify or revoke the license. and we inspect these facilities on a period that winds with the potential dangers that might default. the inspection and program is quite robust it is of the one-year program when a

formal class says that have to be taken and passed successfully. many on the job type accompaniments were under construction with these activities. then finally, you are qualified through the board is of rigorous program they can only perform these reviews of licensees. >> dave you say that a regulation had been updated recently? >> yes. i have mentioned in the 2005 timeframe the assessment since 9/11 to the gatt what things we made to do with regulatory requirements to

issue orders that modifies the license to perform certain activities the and with the rulemaking process that it falls out reach to help us with the rule making endeavor. the process to issues had regulation of march that involves a background check to ensure individuals do not have access by themselves. of trustworthy and reliable and the of licensees performs that review to make a determination if the individual meets trustworthy and reliable. we issued a guidance document of best practices

for performing these types of reviews for the individual responsible for that call has guidance on what to look for. the others saying it to requires is local law enforcement so is in the course of responding to have to lay out a plan so they can respond. . .