it's what you're up has played over and over again when there have been attacks on gaza and they've rebuilt some parts. israel goes in again and europe comes back and they've already said there's talk of a $23 million starting fund to rebuild and they said they would put some money in but what does it show up goes to the rather corrupt elements of various sorts on various sides. this is a huge problem. the possibilities for individuals getting reparations is graceland and that is the reality. that's why focusing on ending the occupation which requires ending the u.s. military aid and the impunity is much more important.

unfortunately, it leaves people devastated. >> you can make plenty of claims. >> normally the prediction of the nationals is through the diplomatic protection and if we don't have the forum that can take the cases are very difficult. the bottom line i agree with but that should still be made. >> the first was put out by the israelis that separated palestine but now you see that it is completely encircled by the war. where did the others come from? stanek it is the ball it isn't on the egyptian border except in certain parts, but all of the border between gaza and israel is surrounded by the wall that

isn't talked about as much as the bank vault but also is not dividing palestine from israel. it's not among the green line it is 85% is inside the west bank meaning it is taken as it gets a totathe total of 15% of the west bank is swallowed up making sure about the major water aquifers are on the israeli side. >> thank you for the wonderful talk. i have a request. the material presented is very excellent for me on this issue it will be extremely useful. i didn't write everything down. if you could do would be wonderful.

>> [inaudible] [laughter] for all of the wonderful speakers i think it must be noted now people are not alone in the world. there's a tremendous support coming from the south american countries like of course for every venezuela and bolivia expelled in 2009 and now the president from bolivia said that if they are continuing and other countries like even chilly has relations in brazil issued a strong statement they are a diplomatic measure to brazil.

how can a government how can it act in the united nations to do something for the palestinian people? [applause] >> do you want to go first? you raise a very important point. i misspoke on the isolation of palestine at the level but there are governments shifting as well and latin america is the centerpiece. there are a number of things that can be done. in the general assembly it was a number of latin american countries led by ecuador that played a key role of pushing for a much stronger position of the general assembly. the diplomatic team did not agree at that time so they didn't go forward. that can be made for example the group of 77 and the general assembly is something that's the latin america group could easily play a role in.

that could mean things like moving for enforcement of the new calls that have just emerged from an amnesty international and other parts of the human rights community globally calling for an arms embargo against israel. there was a very important statement, which i didn't think i have time to read about that from 2006 in the general assembly when the president, then president of brazil set in the middle of the unrelated speech he suddenly said middle eastern have been dealt with by the great power they have achieved no solution so far. one might ask them if it's not time to call the broad un sponsored conference with the participation of countries of the region and others that could contribute through their capacity and successful experience within peacefully with different experiences? when we asked are you serious about this they said yes. they haven't taken it further but they could.

i think it would be difficult for the small country like bolivia to play that role of a dead-end coordination with other countries they could move for the convention. >> by palestine as and been supported yet but they could support the palestinian initiative. >> we have one question and then we will take one more from the audience. are there any international rights that specifically provide protection for children? >> there is a prediction on the part that palestine also has ratified recently. >> in the geneva convention there is a very specific -- i

used to noticing i'm afraid i'md i'm forgetting which one it is but it speaks specifically to the need to protect children in any occupied situation. children must be given special access to education to food, medical care exactly the opposite of what israel has done in gaza. >> the last question for the gentleman in the light. >> our president recognized that they will not be without violence as a result of the nationalization isn't it now an opportunity to come back to th that. >> they will not force the

resolution that allows the christians and secularists together in the democracy. >> i wish that the commission was a legally binding document. unfortunately, it isn't. it it is not violated directly but i think that your broad point is the focus shouldn't be in particular for people in this country, people in the united states. it's not our call. one state, we must have two states. the call should be for our government to end the policy that is grounded in occupation and apartheid. it's grounded on the international law, human rights and equality whether that is in one state, two states were ten states. we do that to challenge the policies that exist today if

that means stop the protection of israel and the united nations, told members of congress they were wrong to sign on to the support israel resolution that they signed onto in the house and one in the senate and demanded he end the u.s. military aid to israel that is at the tune of $2.31 billion to start with and then they've added almost a billion or. imagine that we can do with that back home in the crumbling and g infrastructure with the needs of healthcare education that's where the money should stay. we don't need that money to go directly to the military. that's the mobilization that needs to happen. the movement is crucial at this time. the movement for the boycott and sanctions that are so crucial to bringing the nonviolent political economic pressure to bear on israel so they could recognize there was a price to be paid when you live under the

government is viewed by the old and the rogue states there is a price to be paid. in south africa it is when the beloved springboks suddenly couldn't have played in the world cup. it's not so much of a sports. it's about science and culture and when they are not going to israel because of the boycott we will begin to see results. [applause] if they want to stand around and ask a question that they didn't get a chance to as well thank you all for coming. >> former president bill clinton is in kentucky raising money for the challenger to the senate republican leader mitch mcconnell. there's a fundraiser in support of the democratic senate

candidate. before traveling to eastern kentucky to speak with voters but 2014 kentucky race is currently one of the closest in the country. coming up 2:30 we will take you back to the kennedy center for more coverage of the first exposes us and putting them as a part of the africa summit and the discussion on promoting the women's economic participation and living that is why on c-span2. also part of this week's summit in 20 minutes the congressional black caucus will be hosting a panel with african business and political leaders along with members of congress. that's why to eastern. and president obama will wrap up with a closing conference scheduled for fight easter. it will be live on the companion at work c-span. on our facebook page today we are asking whether you think the private u.s. investment in

africa is better than government aid. you can share your thoughts and join in the conversation that facebook.com/c-span. >> one of the things that's unique about this organization is that we are not so -- it would be presumptuous to think they are ready to dictate what hillary clinton's message is going to be. this is not a campaign. it's focused on building the grassroots army and building the grassroots infrastructure. so, for every time hillary goes out and gives a speech about recent things that have happened in the voter suppression were really echoing out and making sure that our e-mail list knows

the points that she has had on into giving people opportunities to really join in the efforts that she's promoting and then also really just using the force personalities away a lot of the imagery that you see on the facebook page and on the e-mail is another social network channels are things we've done a lot of testing on and it seems that people really respond to you because she is an inspiring figure.

a reminder in about 45 minutes we go back to the kennedy center and coverage of the first debate covers this process in the name of the u.s. africa summit on god and women's economic healthy living. live coverage on c-span2. until then a discussion of the news of the day from this morning's washington journal. >> host: we want to welcome back to the table the editor and founder of the weekly standard. both begin where we just ended with our viewers and that is the immigration bill president obama said congress didn't do anything. i think you ask alone. how should the gop do if they do that? >> guest: as the "washington

post" points out today on the big immigration debate it's not a question of whether you like or don't like particular policies. it's about a really radical and i think almost a stunted and illegitimate use of presidential power to suddenly use amnesty and work permits to 45 million people. you see those quotations ap has the power to do this, so it isn't an excuse if they choose to go along with you. second is appropriate and that's good to pass the bill that addressed the crisis. president obama doesn't like them and threatened to veto them. but the house of representatives controlled by the republicans did pass legislation. i think what republicans will say if president obama does this is it is a kind of presidential amnesty and why we need the senate to help republican house check this president from excessive use of presidential powers and really not just excessive that almost

unprecedented and not the kind of use of the presidential powers and second i think the house will say we pass the legislation that stopped the president from doing this ahead of time and let the senate to take it up. >> host: the paper yesterday the "washington post" i believe and today usa today notes that when you look at how the district's breakdown, there is not going to be a lot of backlash for the gop on this immigration issue because the hispanic vote except a very small portion. and even less so i into some of the contested races. so, what does that mean for beyond 2014 and 2016? >> people who believe in the policy don't believe in it simply in the hispanics may be somewhat more inclined to be for it than other americans. i'm not sure that's true incidentally. but a belief in the policy let's have a debate on the policy. i don't like that kind of ethnic

politics. the immigration bill that did pass i don't like is not just about hispanic immigration debate about immigration from all over the place. so i think having a healthy debate is a good thing. we have to be stalled and fused the way ahead right now but then there is this a border crisis and i think on the border crisis president obama has a weak hand and there is little question that the amnesty on the announcement of the so-called memos in 2011, which basically indicated he wasn't going to enforce the law against them is into the official announcement in 2012 that this bird people in central america to go ahead and try to send it young people to the united states that may have been misreading the technicalities that i think there is very little question that was the cause and effect. so the terms of getting people amnesty is a magnet. even if they misread the details they probably think if he gets

the amnesty of three years, five years from now maybe i can join him and so i think the conservative worry about amnesty for not being dictated, and let ththe database going forward the next few months. >> host: the headline last week was the house republicans killed a border bill or face the wrath of your constituents. what didn't you like about the first draft? >> guest: they gave it a better headline than i did. the first was weak. it wasn't strong on either of the counteracting orders were tightening up the amnesty and asylum provisions so that we could send back these kids, not just kids and adults quickly and humanely as possible to cut back the length of time they can delay their process and advocates can delay the process

so they toughened up th the bill and there were negotiations on the leadership and saying the bill wasn't any good. >> host: did you hear from leadership? >> guest: another objection that i had for this but both parties are guilty of and it's one reason there is so much discussed, the bill was drafted by leadership. it was unveiled on tuesday for the house republicans and the whole house to vote for it on thursday. what is that in the legislation clicks the crisis has been going on in the committees that are supposed to have jurisdiction in the areas and they can call experts to hearing as you can mark up the legislation and that's the way that it should be passed. both parties have gotten into the habit of drafting stuff behind closed doors, dumping it on the members before the vote and then saying you have to vote for this. i was pleased that some of the conservatives in the house improved the bill and hopefully in the future we can get back to more of a regular legislative process. nancy pelosi started this in a

big way in 2009, 2010 and the republicans in 2010 ran against this. we are going to get back to an open house where the legislative order but in fact i have to say that the baby or delay from it pretty badly and i don't think that it produces legislation. i've been involved in this little bit over the years. if you think they are going to draft the legislation in a back room without having -- there is a reason we have hearings and open markets in the committees. people discover things and raise objections that they haven't thought of. i'm glad there is also the amount of the process that the conservatives derailed as many people take a look at the legislation for 24 hours. >> host: to get to the calls. democratic called you are up first. go ahead. >> caller: good morning. i watched you on the sunday shows and i went to a meeting

just a little while ago and i like talking to the republicans and i asked them why don't we have a front door instead of a backdoor for all immigrants and he had no answer. everybody wanted to get rid of the irs and i just said well how are we going to collect taxes and they didn't want any taxes. i'm sure that you have employers or workers that mentioned that their payments and requests go up every year -- >> host: we have several people waiting to talk. can you get to the question? >> caller: my question is life e is a moving and evil thinking and republicans think that it's stuck in the past with

everything and they don't evolve and i want to know why they don't deal with the world. >> host: what issue specifically, give us an example. >> caller: let's go with just healthcare. what to do with health care. why won't you evil with healthcare? >> guest: there was an organizational product i spent a lot of time with laying out the republican healthcare alternative which is a pretty big change in the current syst system. i think they have been evolving like everyone else and republicans i think arch writing to set forth the conservative reform agenda and i would make the opposite argument it's the democrats trying to still replicate the society programs

and welfare state programs that don't work very well. they are an emblem of this held up by liberals as the model for whole care. you don't hear that quite as much anymore. and i'm happy to have a debate on which party is more committed and which side of the aisle liberals are committed to reform over the next few years. i think that is a good debate for conservatives. >> host: by the way, the recent addition of th edition oy standard called to duty to join the army why we thought. what's this about? >> guest: obviously as you know when under the anniversary of the start of world war i and the scholar at the american enterprise institute has a piece about the u.s. involvement which i didn't count until three years later and it challenges the notion that it's easy to face. some you have to fight and others they choose to fight and we should just choose to fight the war. world war i wasn't one we had to

get involved in. it was a pretty big price as we set out for two and a half years. and if you look back at the arguments why we have to fight that war i think they held world war ii that we set out during the cold war. so it's an interesting historical piece. >> host: are we in a new cold war with russia? >> guest: i think russia is just a pretty aggressive power. it's not a great power, but it's a troublemaking power with a lot of nuclear weapons and a very aggressive leader and the leaders matter. i don't think the people of russia etc. saying let's pick a fight with the u.s. putin isn't willing to let ukraine and other countries become oriented in the opinion or oriented towards europe and like to be created as the empire as possible in that respect. and it's dangerous. you don't want to let the dictators get away with mixing part of the neighboring

countries and having back those that finish up down civilian airplanes over those countries so i think i'm afraid that putin feels emboldened with a lot of stuff in the press the last day or two that he might try to chop off a bigger part of eastern ukraine. also the establishing principle in europe they can't go around other countries or do ethnic cleansing and now we are letting putin get away with something. we guarantee the territorial integrity and they got rid of their nuclear weapons again to let it teach and kind of disappeared as a terrible thing to let everyone else around the world.

>> host: market fort lauderdale florida. you are up next. >> caller: i believe that they blamed bush so long that they are being laughed at for now they are blaming congress. they controlled the executive branch in the senate and there's a question whether the border should be controlled after 9/11 is like this could be a smoke screen where a flood of people are organized and 30 miles away there could be some type of event taking place that is planned. my question is do you think -- in your opinion do you think president obama is confident or doesn't care or is this part of the plan for some of the things

happening in the country as it doesn't seem to -- is the president of our country and we try to respect him and understand but it's getting to the point where i don't understand any of it. >> host: mr. kristol pics >> guest: i don't think he's run a tight ship as the clinton administration. it's a very small bubble in the white house. mostly i do think especially in the foreign-policy the weekend disagree with them and try to stop them and we can look beyond them. he's the only president that we have. some of the stuff that he's done is damaging to the country. i mean, the. i supported that and i think i was right to right too and a lof republicans did intervene and then just lose interest.

and in benghazi and now the place is in total chaos. we don't do that kind of a grounded is good to be elsewhere not just in north africa but beyond to europe and here. and that is the place we intervene. that isn't a war that he inherited or something was bush's fault. i supported the interventions that you have to be serious as part of the president. when you go elsewhere on the prestige you have to expend some effort to try to see that it comes out of decent. as i was traveling abroad we think they don't even care about it. it. the intervening area coming through a red line and it is nothing. elsewhere john kerry finds the middlmiddle east pointlessly oba says he's been to be tough on putin and he sort of mocks him. it's dangerous. in two and a half years, i hope

they do when a senate committee can do some good if they went senate and became as defense spending a little bit, enough to collapse in spending and maybe do things on iran and prevent a bad deal but basically we only have one president coming and i worry about a lot of that in the next two years and foreign-policy. .. republican on the foreign relations committee in the senate has an opinion piece echoing what you just said dealing with libya, syria, and situation in russia. then there is this article in "the washington times," the u.s. terror suspect list has doubled onee 2009 to more than million. chuck, you are on the line with bill kristol of "weekly standard ." go ahead, chuck. caller: i think the president has done a good job. if you read what is going on as far as this foreign policy,

there is not going to be another out liker to get stuck bush stuck oith england, and that's not going to happen. you can't get no clue from anybody in the united nations. so he's standing alone and is getting a sandwich, that's all they can get. >> host: not getting cooperation from our allies and to i think our allies would like a stronger foreign policy. canada and australia, to very close allies have strong prime ministers, they are complaining that they have both said strong things about rush and about israel and other parts of the world. look, -- >> host: do you think europe has been strong on russia? >> guest: no. that's what american leadership is crucial.

i take the caller's point. as america's only going to go as far as medium position of the u.n. or world opinion allows us to, i think the world will be a lot more dangerous. we have taken for granted american leadership or 70 years. it has produced on level a peaceful world and a much more prosperous world but we are a guarantor of that security order in which into take it for granted and think we beginning to see unfortunately a dangers they can get and how fast of when that american guaranty starts to be used as not serious enough. >> host: frank is next. independent caller. >> caller: good morning. i to comment and a question. my comment is this. i was serious about the origins of modern neoconservatism and in checking that i came across some quotes from your father in which he describes himself as a meal markets and the trotskyist. so that leads to the question, couldn't the modern

neoconservative movement which is until recently largely taken over the republican party be described as really nothing but a gaggle of displaced common trotskyites hell bent on plunging the globe into world war? we have read your project for a new america century document rebuilding america's defenses, in every country of listed there has even been under attack like syria or about to be attacked like iran. >> host: let's get a response thank you that was a document from 2000. it said we are in a defensive so. terrorism will be a threat and year later it's 9/11 that i think we are right, much more right than wrong. now we're letting our defenses life again. my father was a trotskyite, a very young man, early 20. he had a very, wrote a lot of things which the call is free to read and judge and became a

little more conservative and the world changed as well and she became innocent the godfather of neoconservatism of the 1970s. which i think helped change the conservative movement, improve it, get it to come to grips with the modern welfare state. ended up supporting reagan in 1980, everything conservatives have been right about both of these issues. the that go back to trotskyism or marxism or even go back that far to see where today's conservatives are coming from. i'm happy to debate foreign policy. if we had a conspiracy to do things as people alleged, we wouldn't have published that document. i'm happy that people go back and look at document to i think it stands up pretty well. >> host: sheila, oklahoma, republican caller. hi, sheila. >> caller: thank you for taking my call.

my question is about the children that are coming over, the illegal children. oklahoma's fort steele closes. this friday there were 1200. they have no idea where the children have gone. and i think they are being sent to other people to take care of them. we have a foster care in a coma with a check up on them. nobody is checking up on these children. i have heard on some blog that they're trying to send them come like six children home, 80,000 a year that they'll get these children in. medical care, dental care. if they're only taking the him n for the money, my concern is these children are going to be worse off if there's nobody checking on that. how will anybody know what happened to them or where they are? treachery i think that's a very legitimate concern, and hope the government is keeping track of them in checking on them. we are not set up for this kind of thing, foster care.

we already have difficulties with some of the systems to try to take care of kids who are in distress who are already here in the u.s., and kids who are immigrating in the normal way. families in the normal way. we have 1 million immigrants a year. we have 11 million illegal immigrants here and most republicans and i'm one of them don't expect them to be deported and don't believe in advocating that but that's different from just setting up a sign at the border basically unaccompanied minors or unaccompanied minors, just show up, checking here and you'll get into the us and maybe there will be a hearing. i now god knows where you'll be. they will be mistreated i'm afraid. you can't run a country that way. if there's a huge, if vietnam falls and cambodia and there's a genocidal comments regime, the new taken half the people you and to figure how to take good care of them. i think they did a good job of

the country as that but when you're throwing open the border to all of central america, incidentally these people are going to mexico. why don't they stay in mexico? mexico as a final to the u.s. mexico could close its border. we have diplomats to do with mexico. with the secretary of state to talk to mexico by the fact that they're throwing open their southern border and allow these people to come in through our southern border. there's an awful lot of things to be done house of representatives kristin's column in "usa today," she took issue with the bill that passed in as. just a quote from kevin appleby was the direct of the migration policy at the u.s. conference of catholic bishops who says this bill gets any real due process for these children and ensures s that the vast ensures that the passenger who we sent back to their persecutors. it would literally send some of these children back to their deaths.

guest: >> guest: they can go to mexico with his next-door. encode other countries nearby. there's always been violence. some are being preyed upon by gangs and are in very difficult situations but our immigration policy is not to let all his people and. it's to let in people who are genuinely being persecuted because of religious or other reasons are genuinely personally -- republican bill does have hearings and some percentage of the people will get asylum. the current system allows them to basically disappear in the u.s. that's the way it is being advertised. liberals, should well-intentioned but good to say these arguments are playing into the hands of really bad people who are getting six, $7000 a piece for each of these kids from parents who are, and billy the kid will have a brighter

future in the u.s. they ascended into the u.s. they are not sent them to get away from gang violence. >> host: steve, democratic line. >> caller: how are you doing, mr. kristol? >> guest: fine, thanks. >> caller: we as democrats have been saying religiously it's the right thing to do for these children. but if your number in our democratic platform we voted god out of our platform i think four times. ms. pelosi is suffering from fornicated kind of democrat be a, a progressive disorder. and i just want to say we're sorry about that. we don't believe in god. democrats just, we voted him out. i would like to you what you think about that. thanks. >> guest: people with strong religious persuasions in both parties, and i don't think it really tells you what to do about immigration policy. there are plenty of devout christians who think we should have half a million immigrants year, plenty to think we should

have 2 million immigrants a year. we should look at the house bill. i think the bill does not send anyone back automatically. if you do concrete grounds for asylum, you can stay. but again i ask the question if they're being persecuted and under is, why don't they go to guatemala or mexico? presumably the mexican government has some care for people for nation's next event. if you want to come here, they need to make specific explanation of why the want to come here. there are u.s. embassies in those countries and you can say here's my condition, i need to come to the u.s. none of that is happened to i don't think we should kid ourselves. these were peaceful countries at became violent and, therefore, 80,000 or so people showed up here. it's because they think they can stay in the u.s. >> host: charlie is in new jersey, independent code. welcome to the conversation transport i can speak no? >> host: yes, you can.

>> caller: i'm concerned about the influence that someone like bill kristol has on our country. bill kristol and 1983 with 20 other people wrote a letter to president clinton asking him to attack iraq. 25,000-40,000 americans were either killed or wounded in the fighting in iraq over a number of years, plus it costs the country -- it literally bankrupt the country. there was no reason to go into iraq. our country is to involve all over the middle east and all over the world. i don't, i have four grown sons. i don't want my neighbors son to be fighting in the middle east or get killed in the middle east. there's no reason for it. we are digging like the roman empire. we have our sons everywhere, and it is weakening the country,

hurting the country. making enemies ever because we are entering in people's personal battles. this man -- >> host: we will have an official response to i wish a more to do. the clinton administration, obama administration, and perhaps the bush message was low a lot of time and didn't ultimate dewberry's things i suggested. i'm happy to have a foreign policy debate. i do think the problem in the world war ii involved around the world. look at what happens we don't get involved. look at syria. i'm very fearful that what we're doing and not doing answered and now in iraq is going to lead, is leading, has led to a caliphate, to a jihadists date which can lead to further terrorist attacks on us. if we could secure the homeland, put up huge walls and build an iron dome of our own which might not be a bad idea, even though

do want to live in a world which people are slaughter each other? i don't think that's really, it's not a world that is good for us. is not a world that a great power wants to sit back and say we can't do anything about it. individual decisions, individual dimensions. difficult war, not thought well and i think we criticize the conduct of the war in real-time. in 2003 we said there are not enough troops there. i called to rumsfeld, resign or be fired in 2004. i've tried to be honest about what i think the country should do. i don't think just saying the world is enough and let's just get out of it is going to work very well. world war i is very relevant to the. world war i really get an unbelievable amount of damage to civilization.

maybe we could've stopped that from happening if we been more involved early on but i think it's a case study of what can happen when were not involved is world war ii. we didn't get involved. we were directly attacked in the summer of 1941. if that's the criterion people want to use, we don't get involved until we're directly attacked, then you let 1939, 1940, all of 1941 until december 7 happened around the world. is that really the world you want to live in? >> host: twitter comedy think john bennett is an effective leader? would you vote for him to be speaker? >> guest: i am generally a defender of a like personally, very likable guy. i think has a tough job. that are house republicans, 218 as majority. an awful lot of them can cause trouble if you can just hold 15 back. you have trouble getting a majority. the democrats are not going to hell. i think about just a pretty good job. having said that she'd be the

face of the future of the republican party? not particularly. he will probably be leader for the next two years, speaker. i think republicans will pick up house seats, it would be unusual to dump them as we have a successful off year election which i think is likely this november. but i think it's very important that younger republican leaders step forward as they have been doing, the margarita, ted cruz, kelly ayotte of the world. one thing that's been underreported about the coming election is a quality of the republican candidates. many of whom are likely to when and how interesting they are and how long -- at how young a lot of them are. if you look around the country, arkansas, nebraska, jody ernst in iowa, some house candidates you are looking at people in their 30s, early '40s, some

veterans, iraq war vets, afghanistan vets, women, physicians. and interesting group of candidates. i think the republican party is undergoing a little belatedly a real generational shift in one wolf was not able to escape senator pat roberts. who were you for in that race? >> guest: odyssey i'm not sure who i would've voted for. on the one hand, i think wolf was a flawed challenge. the media will say the tea party got lost and that's true. they put up an awful lot of pretty badly flawed candidate and came close to we with what happened in tennessee tomorrow night against lamar alexander. pat roberts has been elected and reelected without any problems and wins by seven points. i think one should not underestimate the anti-washington feeding, clothing and the anti-leadership feeling in washington including among republican primary voters. it's pretty striking. i think would be a big mistake

and then roberts outspent wolf three to one. we can just run, proud of what we've been doing it washington, no change needed. we are the dole, mccain, romney, bush, baby, mcconnell republican party. that is a recipe for disaster in 2016 acting. it's got to be the scott walker, bobby jindal, marco rubio, ted cruz, kelly ayotte, republican party and many others as well in 2016. >> host: john in maryland, republican caller. >> caller: good morning. i didn't hear a thing come on. bill kristol, you're a hero of mine. it's a shame you have to come on and defend what your father was. >> guest: i'm happy and proud to defend my father, but thank you for the kind words. >> caller: hey, i haven't read your article about why we fought world war i but i just finished a biography about alvin york was

a big hero in the first world war right near the end. yoyou said we guiding light in world war i and world war ii. you're right, and we make a difference. i think both our performance in both those world wars is the reason why the 20th century was called the american century. we got a president who thinks we are not exceptional. i know who could've been more exceptional in the last, previous century. but anyway, the thing about getting in at the last minute, the germans were winning in world war i, and actually their winning world war ii when they came in. so we turned the tide, i guess we declared war somewhere in 1917. by the time we got the american expeditionary force to europe, it was already 1918, and this feat that alvin york performed,

capturing almost single-handedly 132 of the imperial prussian guard. these words, just any old german -- these weren't any old german soldiers but she captured the best. a wonderful story. he was a tremendous guy. i ordered a book, there's a new biography out about him that just came out this year but after i don't know what happened to him after this i wrote the. wait, let me finish. he did this on october 8, which happens to be my mother's birthday. the war ended on november 11. he did it on october 8, like within almost a month. that offensive that turned the war around ended, brought the armistice. and so this is amazing after 100

years that -- >> host: i will leave it there and have mr. kristol jump in. >> guest: i don't know, like many, many americans i know all of it about world war ii and i was part of years after but that was kind of the war we all grew up reading about and watching movies about. the caller is right. the hair wasn't of american troops in both wars is remarkable especially given we weren't fighting directly in our homeland and fighting thousands of miles away. i visited the d-day beaches a few years ago and it's unbelievable what they did there. and does for as low. world war i is the forgotten war for americans but we forget how many americans thought, how high our casualties were actually and if one studied what happened in 1918, that was a pretty great generalship and some pretty great fighting by an awful lot of people below the ranks of general. in europe. know, those are both wars to be proud of in the sense of the

u.s. contribution, both on the right side and brought about a good outcome. but i do hope, i think his 100th anniversary might lead people to read up a little bit on world war i. it is an interesting word which is to say the war from our point of view, world war ii, we were directly attacked and it is fresh in everyone's mind and in some ways transcended. world war i and finishing work to learn more about. >> host: why we fought and when one is the cover story for the most recent addition of "the weekly standard." we will go to robert next in pittsburgh, a democratic caller. >> caller: hi. i've been watching billy crystal on fox and it seems like we forget history. we always talk about the constitution. and as i remember, constitution was first presented -- we weren't even part of this

country. we always our site about liberal conservatives. i remember when liberals, when jim crow, if it weren't for liberals we would've never gotten a jim crow. i remember my brothers in second world war. he tried to buy homes and they were redlining -- redline people. if it weren't for liberals we would have a chance to buy homes in certain areas. as far as the iraq war, i don't know if bill kristol's been in the military, i spent 20 years, so i'd know if he's ever spent a day in the military. and iraq war, a lot of people got killed, and i'm a military person and i did not support that war had one sorry, robert. >> guest: thank you for your service. look, the republican party as it happens was more anti-jim crow, provided higher% of those than the democrats did wha but i wano die on the liberals were on the right side i think in the

revolution. that's why some people like my father were liberals in the '40s and 50s. they can go along with the conservative movement's embracing states' rights to a debris of allowing segregation to continue and they couldn't go along with barry goldwater i think is an audible man and not a racist in any way but he thought the constitution prevented the safety force overwrites of amateur prevented congress from voting for. he voted against the that's why 50% of americans voted for lyndon johnson, all his flaws and 64 and by the public still stayed democrats with humphrey in 68. i don't think for all american history conservatives haven't been right and liberals have been wrong but the question is now whom offers better hope for the poor? which of the party is for education reform? which is a part of the really wants to provide opportunities of upward mobility. i think the republicans can do a little more taking this issue and be more aggressive but as

this that i think the democrats are standing the status quo that is not providing more opportunity to the poor, for the underprivileged. underprivileged. >> what do you think by this headline? whites, the only group that we lawfully discriminate against. people unlawfully disturbing against the group under current federal law. >> guest: i mean, i think it's a foolish thing to say general. there's some ways it's true it's a matter of some of the affirmative action laws you can't discriminate and you shouldn't be able to on grounds of race but then they make an exception indiscriminate and for historically underprivileged groups which does have the effect of this committee not just the rights but innovation is look at higher education. i think it's a stupid thing to say. i don't think, if you look at the republican candidates, look at the public intent is actually running around the country.

look at jim lankford in a coma. look at hong kong in arkansas. i think people look at the republicans next couple of years, look at it doesn't get it and see caricatures don't hold and republicans are the party much with the democrats these days. >> host: donald, ohio. independent caller. >> caller: hello? >> host: you're on the air. go ahead. >> caller: it's actually the united states involvement that makes things worse. in russia we overthrew the government, stoked the fires to overthrow -- the elected government. it may be a bad government but we overthrew it and now we have what we have. as far as our allies go, it's our allies that is financed ices. that made ices happen. it's our allies and the selling

russia to aircraft carriers. our ally, england, takes all the money in the banking system. we should never worry about our allies because our allies to worry about us. we should do what's good for america. >> guest: i agree we should do what's good for america and i've been very -- pick a side is a very problematic regime, for example. i think we overthrew the -- i don't think we overthrew the regime in ukraine. a peaceful, democratic and western government. but look, i agree our allies don't give very well but what's the choice? the choice is to say we can't trust anyone can can't trust anyone to we can work within what? we to push her allies to be a. it's harder to run the world just by ourselves it and it's good to have nato and western europe on board all those years even though they were a pain and difficult to deal with. i would say this administration,

one thing i thought they might be able to do with your effective and diplomacy than bush administration which was hand in hand. so much baggage by the end it was hard for them to work with some countries in europe but i've got to say they just dropped the ball. there's not evidence the president obama or secretary clinton or secretary kerry have been effected diplomatically. if you talk to people from europe, european citizens or citizens from different nations in europe or diplomats here in washington, the obama administration isn't doing a good job of roping them in to do more effective things with regard to russia or the middle east. so in that respect i think the obama administration has just neglected basically some of the basic tasks of foreign policy, whatever the ideological problems on the israeli gaza conflict cnn's is reporting the state department has now sent a team to cairo. the cease-fire seems to be

holding. you had to david ignatius in a column yesterday saying that the israeli prime minister, mr. netanyahu, should negotiate and should look at india with moderate palestinian leaders tried to i think he would love to have a deal with moderate palestinian leaders if they are strong enough to deliver on a deal but they don't control gaza. they don't even control entirely the west bank. look at that deal. the u.s. was involved and totally messed things up. john terry infuriated the palestinian authority. tried to cut egypt out. met with the turks in paris. really? that is what drove people in asia but also people in egypt and elsewhere crazy. he was denounced across the political system and basically john terry goes home. he is literally bicycling around nantucket. that's when there was an effective piece -- cease-fire.

the israelis pulled out of gaza. the last thing any is what it wants to do is go back into gaza. they did it because they had the. they took casualties. they are out of their no thanks to the u.s. i say this, i don't say this happily. this is unfortunate, embarrassing almost to the u.s. has been no up at all in resolving the public over the last month. it now looks like it might be resolved at least for a while because of netanyahu's i think hardheaded this and is willing is now to take it a cease-fire even though you can't trust hamas. and egypt which the u.s. mistreated during this whole crisis. so the u.s. has not played a constructive role. david ignatius is talking to john kerry and john kerry should get back and fall. that's the last thing we need. >> host: you have this story on a website that former president jimmy carter is saying hamas is a legitimate actor and should be negotiated with. >> guest: the entire world,

the europeans were not graders -- great supporters of the show, it is a terrorist group. boasted about abducting, killing three teenagers. committed to the destruction of israel. committed to killing christians and jews for that matter. why is it a legitimate group? ..

coming up shortly we will take you back live to the kennedy center for more coverage of the first spouse symposium as part of the u.s. africa summit taking place on washington, d.c. this week. we will join the symposium for a discussion on promoting women's economic participation and healthy living. again that's coming up shortly just a few moments away live on

c-span2. the u.s. passed several bills among the party lines to deal with the influx of child immigrants crossing the southern border. one of those measures that includes almost $700 million to secure the borders also includes language to expedite the proce process. the executive issue by president obama provides temporary protection from deportation from child immigrants brought to the u.s. illegally by their parents. both bills are opposed by president obama and had been declared dead on arrival. with gridlock in congress over immigration and border the white house has been looking to the extent to immigration reform for more on that topic we spoke this morning with reporters covering

the issue. white house correspondent with bloomberg news and the author of this piece obama has limits of power and immigration moves. so what is the president thinking about doing here? >> guest: with the president largely can do is change the priority for the people with deportations if you could say for example they were brought to the seat. they were given the permission to stay in executive order and he issued 2011. the immigrants potentially people with criminal record or something like that would be prioritized.

he could do things like that and change various programs. a lot of the things that the senate and the house wanted to do. it's not within the president's power. they cannot tweak the laws that are on the books now. he has to enforce the law and the question is how she prioritizes giving that. they help with the miners that have been coming across the southern border and the influx over the 50,000.

it's passed through congress in the press conference and he for last week they left for recess and what they are doing with the problem now is reallocating the resources they have and the white house says that it's insufficient to deal with the problem and it will need additional funds. >> when will the president decide what action he is taking and who in the administration will give him those options? they are conducting what the options are and it is complicated by the crisis at the southern border width of these migrant children coming through but that's still going on. the president said he would review the options by the end of ththe summer said the expectatin is that he would get the report back in the next couple of weeks and see a policy about whether

he would do something like this before the midterm elections. some democrats in the party particularly those in the competitive races like arkansas or louisiana urged the president not to act unilaterally. in the governor's race in florida the party is pretty split on the reflection of the politics the expectation now is that you come out with something before the midterms. it gives a lot more certainty to people but at this point it's based a lot of them a fair amount we understand that legislation isn't going to happen there is no way maybe there is a window after the

midterm but it's probably not going to happen then. they just want relief now. they would like the president to stay soft deportation for the 11 million undocumented immigrants who would get some kind of relief under the senate bill said they are pushing for the president to deal with the work permits to the multiple millions. we will see if he goes that far. the question at this point is that the scope is and how many people does it include and what are the categories of people included. >> the u.s. africa summit continuing today and live coverage on c-span2 of the first spouse and 20 symposium. the discussion on coding women's

economic and healthy living. we will have that fly is shortly expected to get started anytime. going on now the congressional black caucus is hosting a panel with african business. president obama will wrap up the summits with a closing news conference. we will have that lif fly also n our companion network ip and eastern. we are standing by to take you back to the kennedy center and one of the first spouses and symposium with more of today's washington journal. >> we are back with melissa harrison of the defense counsel from the communications director to talk about the water crisis areas would have and with

toledo's water supply? >> guest: we worked at the ohio epa for four years and it was on the forefront of when we started the sampling where we actually found these talks in for the first time you realized this is happening in the lake eerie. there are contributed factors and if you think about it fixi fixing. but my church in and phosphorus into the water and when it also mixes together in the warm water that's where the type of algae really thrives. this isn't the worst algae bloom

that we have seen in lake eerie but just a few years ago we saw one that stretched nearly from toledo all across the stop of the state to cleveland. what's difficult about this one is the toxins that were being formed from the algae were actually concentrated around the drinking water intake valve. >> host: what toxins cause the algae bloom? >> guest: nitrogen and phosphorus in the livestock production from urban runoff failing the systems there's a bunch of different ingredients by going to the nitrogen phosphorus that is in the water. they are not only the industrialized stock but the suburban and urban runoff. there were different ways this could all end up in the water.

what we are seeing from the climate changes we are not only seeing the warming weather but the fact that there were increased weather events like heavy rainfall. how could it ever be due to climate change if you are saying it at the same time. we have seen that in the past. they were seeing warmer temperatures and warmer lake water. we are seeing more extreme weather like the heavy downfall rain that is coming in. just two years ago ohio was suffering from a drought. >> host: so this gets into the water supply and half a million people in the city are not allowed to drink their water. how does the city go about deciding we are going to put a ban on the drinking water?

>> guest:. the system that is the talks and that they actually was the reason they shut the water down for and it is a toxin that can make you very sick and caused vomiting and things like that. but then they also saw it in the finished water that's what we actually get when we turn on the tap. so they saw that there was a significant spike and they did a second round of testing and it looks like early in the morning like friday to saturday morning they made the decision that thy needed to do a full do not drink advisory and the other thing to keep in mind that's difficult about this is that it's not like you can boil the water it actually makes the system a state faster and more concentrated so this is a full do not drink order for nearly

500,000. >> host: are the algae blooms just specific to lake erie and could this have been other places in the country? >> guest: the first time that we saw it was the end lan beinge and i actually stood on the bank and watch the algae bloom growing into coming in. it's about the consistency and the color of peace soup. i've never seen anything like it. it's not just in ohio. this is happening all across the. we actually are seeing this in the lakes and streams in florida and north carolina, kansas. this is happening all across the united states. >> host: is it a bigger or smaller bodies of water? it's about the mixture of the water and potentially heavy

rains and things like that that are contributing factors. what can they do? try into the voluntary measures we be leave that the only way to effectively make change in this area is to do some type of standards. standards not only on the industrial livestock on the urban and suburban coalition. we also believe that we have one of the best tools in the pocket right now which is the clean water protection rule that is pending and also protected the streams and the wetlands that are the best filters for these types of pollutants before they get to our drinking water systems. >> host: the first call was from paul in north carolina. >> caller: i have worked for the past almost 20 years as an

environmental activist in regards to water. it's largely with via development practices as she said the other threats that we are facing and is going to be faced throughout the nation is the last rush for what is left in the ground of fossil fuels. here they are doing a geographical study and it is going to just be devastating to the what are supply because the what her table is totally different than other races the

water should be the most protective thing that we have and the way that it's treated throughout the nation is just insane. it's to treat water like it's just nothing. it's at an incredible pace. >> guest: thank you for the work that you're doing in north carolina. one of the things that we do have to think about you mentioned fossil fuel. right now we have the power plant that is pending and we have an opportunity to move the country forward to find true economic prosperity and environmental protection at the same time and to ensure that future generations are you clean

the planet and i do think we have that opportunity and any time that america has been challenged as a problem like this we have risen to the occasion. one of the main concerns is that they cause pesticides weedkiller to fill up in the soil. and i was wondering why a build up of pesticides doesn't act to control the growth of algae that is also a plant. >> guest: >> guest: i appreciate that. unfortunately i'm not an expert and i'm not going to be able to help you out much but i can say one of the things we are most concerned about is the runoff going into the lakes and streams

and nearly 5.2 million people rely upon the streams and rivers that would be protected under the clean water protection rule. they rely upon those streams right now for drinking water sources so we are wholeheartedly supporting and hoping that will be completed soon. >> host: what is in regards to the water structure in cities like toledo and spillover and other areas. is it adequate across the country? i can tell you from my time in ohio epa when we actually went through a substantial infrastructure review that there is definitely a need for the local communities to receive more funding to help grow as the communities are growing both of the water treatment plants for drinking water and sewer issues.

a lot of the issues that we are seeing now was combined flows when there is heavy rains the sixth game at washington journal every day at 7 a.m. we believe the segment now to take you back live to the kennedy center with more coverage of the first symposium as part of the africa summit. it's been a fabulous song and dance that we have had after lunchtime. it's been an inspirational day. we are here to celebrate the power of the african woman and it's particularly the power of the african women who are the first spouses of their country. i was the wife of the british minister. i still am tony blair's wife. [laughter] but in my ten years of my

husband was on ten downing street i learned myself what a significant platform being married to the minister was to address not just the pressing needs in our own country but those are bound to the world. and during that time, i met with many first ladies from africa and have continued to do so since. and i've always inspired and been impressed by the work that they do either supporting or sometimes initiating great work in their country. i want to commend of course my dear friend laura bush for all they are doing to foster a network of first ladies working to advance education, good health and economic opportunity

to be truly effective of course the first ladies cannot do it on their own. we need to foster and grow valuable public and private partnerships and this is what the conference is about. it's about what the work of the bush center is doing bringing together partners both in business and in the voluntary sector to work together so that we can achieve so much more of what we can do on our own. effective partnerships are the best way to achieve the change. my own is to partner with different organizations across different sectors and i'm really delighted that a number of our partners are here today. i went to of course acknowledge our friends from exxon mobil while we are working to build up

the capacity of the women on jupiters and tanzania and of those that have sponsored our work for the last two years working with the women's business network to expand their schools and capacities and to build the network to bring the power of entrepreneurs together. if they region for the foundation and we continue with exciting new projects and we are working in rwanda with a new initiative combining business training, use of the mobile phone, financial literacy and mentor in. but where we are training at helping the network agents and across africa on the online

mentoring platform for links with men and women across the world. we have to focus and prioritize. we have limited resources and if we don't focus on the key issues people can be confused about what we really stand for. and i have to say that it's easier said than done. i found it challenging when i was not on downing street because people are always asking me to support their goo good cas and we always want to help particularly when we have such a great platform. but of course if we try to do everything you may end up focusing on nothing in

particular so we need to wait and look for inspiration. and actually, it was in the tanzania where i got that inspiration because the world bank asked me to go on a visit to launch a line of credit that they were giving the banks to give the business in the country. and i made some extraordinary women on entrepreneurs and realized with the right support these women would just support their businesses into their own status that actually would be the drivers of development within their own economies making the most largest of their talented that of other men and women they employed that they contracted with to make the country grow and that's why when an economic and power mint is so

important. it's important for the the bottom-line of their business bm line of their business and for the development of the countries but it's not just economic growth because we know that women ensure that their children are healthy and send their daughters to school. and as we've heard already, and power than women to make sure that the daughters are not driven into early marriage and early childbirth and sometimes sadly deaf, too. today we have a wonderful panel to talk about the work many different organizations are doing across africa to help the women fulfill their potential as partners in the growth of their economy. we are looking forward to hearing from you all. let me stand back and let the

panel commends. [applause] >> ladies and gentlemen please welcome isha, noah of exxon mobil, nia of the solar sister, kay kin ker, the international crops research institute of the semi-tropics, the ge foundation and doctor bernard from the center for public health and development. >> good afternoon everyone welcome to the honorable first spouses distinguishehonorable fd gentlemen. i am so pleased you are here with us this afternoon. i am a cnn anchor and correspondent by day and night

and i also am the founder of a nonprofit event organization dedicated to empowering and educating the girls in africa. so this is close to the heart and power in the women being part of us today. on the public-private partnerships for the economic participation and four promoting lives in technology and traini training. i told you what we want to get out of the conversation and with me first thank our host mrs. obama to the white house, the bush institute and the state department for hosting this important event that is on behalf of everyone here on the stage. so thank you. most of you have heard or read the headline africa rising. and it's true, it is.

when you look at the trend lines and most of you know that from 2000 to 2010, six of the fastest growing economies in the world were africa. there would be an m.a. in stride made it to get more children into school and the health indicated that it would be moved to the right direction when it comes to maternal health and child mortality. there is a lot still t possibil. we need to get more girls in school. no doubt about that and we need to make sure that the growth is inclusive that everyone is listed. so there is a lot to do. but it is moving in the right direction. it's moving upwards. and the key to keeping that movement, keeping that momentum can africa's women. that's the key. you've heard essay today if you end power and invest in women than what you are doing is not just in improving thei improvind

families and communities and nation, but what you're doing is ultimately laying the groundwork for the economic growth in that country. and also really strengthening social stability. and the key to that if you really want to turbocharge that change of public-private partnerships they go a long way to scale up large-scale success. so what i want us to do as we have this esteemed panel, these are people from different sectors but there are key stakeholders that come to this. but let's give a close look and go with that and basically show what does that look like and what are some of the challenges that crop up that can impede the large-scale success?

let me introduce the panelists now. to my right is the director of the women's economic opportunity initiative with exxon mobil and in collaboration in the u.s. foundation we do a lot of work in this area researching the effective program to improve women's economic status and we have the chief collaboration officer of the solar system and the team across africa to bring the women driven solutions to energy property. ..

[applause] >> this brave man sitting up here is the founder and executive director for central public health and development. he became a physician and public health specialist with more than 10 years experience working in the area of public health and development. when you've heard all these people speak hope you'll take away from all of this is first of all you get a new perspective on public-private partnerships. and secondly you will be inspired to come up with new ideas, new ideas to employ this model and seek further ways to lift up women in your countries.

let's start this conversation now. first of all of what to start with you. you heard me say in your introduction that exxon mobil has done a lot of work in this space with the u.n. foundation. last year he released an evidence-based report. you're looking at women's economic power. let's focus on that report. what are the key lessons that emerged and how can government and private companies use some of those findings to better improve how they support women's programs? >> isha, let me thank you for that introduction to reports are talking out the report i like to take a moment and talk about the origins of the study. about a decade ago the exxon mobil foundation decided to expand its focus of our philanthropic giving. we were looking for an investment that would be applicable in every country where we of operations and also have an impact. like we approach every aspect of our business, the person looked

at was a day. the data was clear for the reasons that you mentioned and mrs. blair mentioned that when invest in women they invest in their children, their families. that has put on a multiplier effect but a multi-generational impact. so we launched our initiative providing women with economic opportunity. but what we found was there was a crucial knowledge gap in knowing which intervention could move the needle the farthest. so we teamed up with united nations foundation and led by michael bennet, we looked at all of the empirical evidence and develop a roadmap for promoting women's economic empowerment. this roadmap identifies nine proven, and a number of high potential interventions. the truth is i've spent all afternoon talking about the research and this roadmap but that wouldn't be fell -- fair to my fellow panelists to let me highlight a few findings which

you think would be particularly interesting to this group here today, and applicable. the first is the are really no silver bullets. i think those of you working in this area understand that intuitively. that is to say that you will have to tailor a program based on the women's economic status and the country where she's living. so it program that works in rural chad mendes work in urban, or someone who owns a small business. secondly, and its along the same lines you have to tailor programs based on the limitations that women have. whether those are cultural or related to time poverty or infrastructure. one of the things that the study does point out is that cell phone technology is one of the ways you can overcome some of those barriers. because it's a very cost effective way to distribute critical marketing information or provide services.

thirdly we found that for very poor women who needed a more comprehensive set of interventions. that's unique to bundling intervention. the work of solar sister is doing is a great example of that. they identify female take ages. they provide them with an acid which is solar technology. they give them business skills training and then pay for those women by providing leadership. what we found is through those, that combination of interventions, you start to see an impact on women being able to earn more income. >> let me bring coming to talk about solar sister. talk to me about the work that solar sister is doing. >> thanks. solar sister is addressing -- [inaudible] let me step back and say why energy policy is under a women's

issue after a lot of you would relate to that because it is a model who is cooking in a small kitchen, inhaling smoke from two packs of secrets every day because of that significant doctor. as a young girl in africa who cannot catch up with her studies at night because there is no light. as you already -- trying to assist with the difficult, in utter darkness. i've met midwife told me how to assist with very difficult births with old-fashioned -- the good news is energy is pretty is also a woman's solution. the good news is that we have the technology today as i seek to make change happen. that is exactly what sources is doing by including, training and mentoring women across africa as solar sister entrepreneurs. we're bringing light as an

opportunity to commuters. no one mentioned about the roadmap. one of the critical findings is the role that rural electrification can play on advancing agriculture, advancing enterprise. and we see this in nigeria. where solar sister, and retired maternal nurse. she is now delivering babies in bright solar veterans. she's also using energy efficient -- to boil water in saving time and money on fuel. we have solar sister in tanzania. she's able to work longer hours because you solar light and she's a user and also a seller such as product in many villages across where she lives. we have solar sister from uganda, and a children in her orphanage can study with the bright solar light and they are seeing that his goal results instead of study and dark with a very dangerous rickety kerosene

lanterns. every solar sister on the girl we see this recipe of women technology and business is just so transformative. we can do it. we can do it now. >> have a knock on effect were talking about. noa, let's dig deeper into exxon mobil's work in this space pick your investing in basically supporting programs that provide skills, skills training and utilizing technology to empower and support women in agriculture and business. and in business. help me understand why exxon mobil is doing this, and really give me a sense of how you make sure these are effective. >> we've had a presence in africa for a very long time, and generally when the going to countrthecountry we are there tp develop the natural resources. but in order for us to be successful we really have to bring the benefits our business to the local community. one of the ways we do that is

through our committee investment program. but it's not enough just to write a check. it really has to be a partnership with a local organizations. so we have a multi-pronged approach to what it means to be a partner. the first is finding the right organization and the right program. the second is to help develop the capacity for that organization. the third is to provide the resources so that they can do robust measurement and evaluation. and the fourth is to facilitate or helped sponsor meetings like this with a can showcase their work and find other partners. let me give you a couple of examples where talk, what a blog but when i say help develop the capacity of a local organization. next month we will bring together 26 women from nine countries all over africa to be part of a month-long global women in management training. we do this in partnership. they will see that months of

training with a plant on have strengthened their local organizations so they can better serve the women in their community but they will also leave with the network of 25 years, which has an enormous impact to be able to call upon people who have similar expenses as you. we've also been working with thunderbird, an mba student out to projects to provide advisory services, so to help them better identify key performance indicators or develop a blueprint for expanding, for scaling up the projects. so by providing this capacity we really see how these organizations are able to better serve their women. just before i finish i want to make one quick plug for the road that. you will find this a very easy-to-use tool. so there are copies out in the marketplace area. >> that is a worthwhile blog.

neha, talking about the kind of public-private partnerships that have been interest in middle spiritual. we are a startup social enterprise. we certainly cannot governors in two in 2009, no have somehow 24. our goal is to 5000 solar sister on twitterers across africa. so we can clearly not do this alone. if you want to go far we have to all go together and find out where our synergies like. whether its manufacture who is come up with a great affordable durable solar project, and it kind of you to how do i reach a woman in rural uganda or nigeria or tanzania be partner with manufactures? we partner with grassroots women organization. we partner with union and uganda. we're working with conservation organization like africa wildlife foundation in tanzania. return to figure out how do we

bring livelihood opportunities to the communities. we also work with donors and governments who are trying to figure out and also share our belief that women's empowerment is needed not just because it's a gender issue. it's a human rights issue. so education, health, livelihood. we need to empower women and that's where partnership with exxon mobil comes in. one of the first private sector partners who to believe and our idea and supported us when we were tiny, tiny seed in a brainwave. from that we have become a tiny plant at our goal is to become -- with a long way to go but as noa said, exxon mobil provided us financial support. that is crucial, opening the purse itself is not enough. partnership goes beyond that. and to what i say it's six degrees of impact.

all of you in the room, i am sure you know many people to whom we can multiply the combined impact of solar sister network. so exxon mobil introduced us to clinton global initiative. to that we made connections with other programs at the state department were working with the global alliance for clean cook stoves on approved cooking initiative. so the ripple effect, that change creates matters more than individual part. at third, capacity building, again the leadership program that noa mentioned about our country program coordinator from uganda have participated in the past and a happy to say that our tanzania coordinator will be going to the leadership training in cape town very soon. so really investing in our people and investing in people in africa. we need this to be driven locally and create that pie plate of talent locally. so that has been great.

and t the exxon mobil we have ao partner with international center to do monitoring and evaluation to great feedbacks we can improve our operations. and, finally, with the school of business they would again and build the very first blueprint of our training program with women in uganda. through that program we got our first solar brother i'm happy to report with the director of operations and are doing a phenomenal job in our expansion. so i just want to urge all of you here, there's many roads to partnership, so pleased with all of us in whatever capacity you see your interest alive to debut no a woman's our decision in your country who could benefit with this opportunity. may be no a manufacture. maybe you can guide us how to connect government programs as health programs, education

programs, women's agenda programs, sometimes work in silos. how can we bring them all together. so this is just a small beginning and dialogue is very useful. >> inspiring. to take your idea of being solar sister small planet to let me go to agriculture. i know that's a terrible segue but we do things like that. we are not that slick. let me bring in kay with dowagrosciences. kay, i saw this city i want to share with our audience here that nearly 1 billion people are food insecure. our population pledged to to which we all know and around is in the next decade we're going to need to grow more food, about 70% more. what we're looking at is we need more food with less land and less water. what is dowagrosciences doing about the issue of food insecurity? again give our audience and those were watching the of the live webcast some sense of what is important to have

dowagrosciences at the table for this conversation. >> thank you. yes, but as mentioned earlier dowagrosciences is a totally owned subsidiary the dow chemical company and we are the agricultural division so we are the aggies. dowagrosciences strategy is based on those fundamentals but you mentioned, isha, and by 2015 the world spotlight is expected to exceed 9 billion people. is already on an increasingly constrained applicable land base and freshwater access. there's already about 15% of the worlds population that is food insecure. and so what all of that drives to is on his acres that we have today, we have to get more yield and more production per acre, period. and that dowagrosciences we believe the way to do that is through technology and innovation. and that innovation and technology can take on many different forms but it can be as

simple as improved farming management practices, or it can be higher quality seed, or it can be state of the art biotechnology traits. we have an expert sitting regulatory can be crop protection products but innovation is required to get more per acre. and innovation in all three of those, four of those areas is what dowagrosciences does. so it's our lifeblood. so why is that important to dowagrosciences is the second part of the question, and i think it's best summed up in our brand promise. our brand promise is solutions for the growing world. and we believe that. i think was said earlier by the first lady that not only can we but we have a role and responsibility to help solve world complex from such as food insecurity. we have a role in that. but the challenges of the world today are so complex and this is another theme that we heard

throughout the morning that he's probably are so complex that none of us, no single entity can do it alone. we have to work together. and together means with ngos our research entities or other governments, or the combination of those. and at dowagrosciences one of our brand values is collaboration. and so it makes it a natural link for us to want to be engaged in these public-private partnerships, and further progress on this complex issues such as food insecurity, together. >> a couple quick examples of those that dowagrosciences is involved and would be things like the award program already mentioned by isha, african women, agriculture are anti. -- r&d. programs in kenya where it started with the health organization but where

dowagrosciences is involved is bringing good farming practices to the farmer or patient farmer to help those growing conditions, and again to get more yield per acre so it is is sustainable. so those are some examples of what dowagrosciences is involved with. >> you said some interesting things to i want to get your perspective on some of what you heard. >> i bring my perspective as an african woman scientist working in africa but also as an african farmer. i grew up on a farm. my parents had a farming business. throughout that i saw some of their success but also saw some of the challenges but and that is part of what drove me to study agriculture. i have been fortunate to be exposed to different agricultural technologies, and to different sectors and to different disciplines. i was fortunate to spend time at dowagrosciences for six months, and toward that expense i'll be able to see just how powerful the integration of different

disciplines and different sectors is in creating the relevant innovations which african agriculture needs to be able to secure fidgeted and be able to modernize the agriculture. modernizing african agriculture, does not bestow remain bringing african agriculture to the level where western agriculture is but it means learning from the successes of the western agriculture and then utilizing the unique challenges that africa has in terms of the culture, the environment, the demographics, the talent pool that is existing there to build great innovations that are led by africans that are relevant for africa. that is really what africa needs to be able to achieve for security based on only so much need. >> let me also ask you, i meet them what you think is key, successful partnership in this particular space involving agriculture.

>> one of the main important issues is creating effective partnership revolves around the woman farmer who is the most important person in this whole partnership and often ignored. the woman farmer knows exactly what she wants to achieve. she knows what her challenges or. but often times a lot of things develop for her. and oftentimes when she sees and she sent able to use them. so it's important that those partnerships that around the woman farmer, did you at all levels of also had the beginning and to engage her at all times to be able to really incorporate her. then the private sector to develop to create an environment, provide the right infrastructure. but sometimes the private sector just needs to be able to provide and if i but where the woman farmer can complement the activities of the male farmer who is there. i mean there's a reason for them

to compete with each other, but it's more effective if they complement each other. in the private sector with agreed the private sector has to refine the process is. they know how to get things done in a more refined way with more efficient resources. then they can come in and provide the relevant technologies that the woman farmer needs, to provide them with the right seed to build a good harvest even if there is no rain. but at the same time the private sector can -- talent pool within africa that is around the woman farmer that the talent pool that is already working with the woman farmer to build a, but the relevant innovations that the woman farmer needs. just give an example of awards, award is funded by the united states agency for international develop a. we been able to part with several private sectors in different continents but through

the private sector. what it is they're able to expose women are already leaders in their area and they're also already working with women farmers, to expose them to different disciplines, to different private sector experiences which enables them to carry the resources to next level and they're able to just do the work much more efficient, efficiently and also to come up with relevant innovations that the woman farmer needs but i've been so fortunate to part of that team, award. dow has been able to partner with them. and that's how i was able to spend time with dowagrosciences. dowagrosciences. >> kay, to want to add to that? >> explain the benefits, local benefits. the benefit to the private sector and the companies in these partnerships is also worth mentioning. we've talked about innovation earlier, and innovation for a woman farmer that has one acre could be very different than a

10,000 hector brazilian farmer or u.s. army operation. so what's so powerful to the private sector also about these partnerships is that it gives us the voice of the customer. damaris those as a woman farmer with a local conditions are, the local needs and knows how to adapt and innovate together what is applicable and relevant to africa. and we wouldn't have that without that voice. likewise, we have -- fighting for standards of by living there what are the conditions and what are the needs. it's not just about farming practices but it's about logistics and processes and systems to make a whole infrastructure were. so there's a benefit on both sides of this. >> before i end with both of you, considering the audience we have here with spouses, what can they do to contribute to lifting

up africa's agricultural sector? talk to me about specific actions that they can take. what role do you see them playing in this space? >> i might mention a couple things and then damaris is probably more better to answer that. investing in agriculture in africa really to us means sustainable agriculture. it's not about seating. it's about helping them feed themselves were ever that is. 's apartment together, tremendous best farming practices and what technologies are relevant from africa for africa is where we need your help. and it is through these partnerships that allows us -- the young population of duty that we have at dowagrosciences, they care so much, so to other populations by the, care so much about sustainable agriculture. it's the pillar along with s.t.e.m. education and also committee success. we know we can have an impact through our employee base on

food insecurity both domestically and globally. so what can the first ladies of africa help us with? its continued support, awareness, voice, support of these partnerships. and without i will turn to damaris so she can answer that as well. >> just want to mention there's already an existing talent pool of women, leaders in agriculture, and that continues to grow. i am honored to be part of that team. but at the same time and there's also existing technologies from different sectors. i give an example, my organization continue to work with the native plants and resources that are available within africa to come up with crops that are resilient that are able to give a harvest at the end of the day. we have improved varieties. so i speak today to the first partners who are here, join

hands with existing talent pool so that we created, we create a continued movement where women farmers are seen as the center and they're promoted, and aspiring young women scientists, also mentored and encouraged and they exist in this environment where they believe there's a future in agriculture. go much further integrating new innovations that african so much needs either by using existing technologies or by creating others to partnership and that is really my speech to the first spouses today. >> you heard it directly from every episode has done work on the ground. you heard her. take that on board and we think about it. i want to thank you both the i want to talk about health now and bring in bernard and deborah. bernard, if i could start with you, and you are one of ge's

partner to your on the ground continued to give a variety of experiences to you in the trenches so state. talking about some the challenges women's health care right now, women's health, what they did with and what are the best interventions that are working? >> thank you, thank you. even though i am a man -- [laughter] my life is about women and children's health, today -- day today. there's a very positive story about progress being made in africa. it's true for health as well. but that's were the good news ends because you look at health of everyone, we are seeing a lot of progress. but there's a snowball subsidy people that are not enjoying that progress -- small subset of people. you saw some of them shown here earlier today. and the child that you're just about to get.

now, child mortality rate -- [inaudible] how many children died within 24 hours of birth is also very troubling. but don't want us to talk about numbers today. because it's a human thing. when you're in this hospital, when you're in this place and the woman walks away from the hospital after nine months of pregnancy without her baby, it's really tough. that family when have to take the body of the mother and the newborn child to the back of the hospital because that's where they normally have -- so this is really tough and we are not tracking them right. why is that solution so simple? because when it comes to delivery, you need to score 100%. you can't score 90%.

it's like a plane that is on the runway. it takes off either successfully or it crashes. why is that so? if a woman presents with windows possible is, the doctors are there, the government has built a nice all our. the doctors there, the nurses are there. the medicines are there. but there's no anesthesia. we introduced delay and have to take it to another hospital. and along the way we lose her, we lose the baby. so that's why in our program we did an analysis. there is a huge gap in rural africa. you see people telling you that the human, there's a huge problem in africa. the way you break it down, --