in america if el paso, texas. it is not three years running and includes a population is 82% hispanic and 25% immigrant. so we start talking about a post-racial america, we've got to the backdoor immigrant past. yes, it is bad that people coming here illegally. but if you are a mexican man with a high school education high school education and you don't have a father, mother, son or daughter living here and you go down and apply for a visa, you will wait 125 years before your name comes up. if you are indian or chinese, you will wait anywhere from 20 to 40 years before your name comes up. we can sauger porter problem. we can solve a conflict to call the invasion. we have to go back to a market to a marker brazed immigration system that says, here if you

want to work, if we major skills that we do. >> my card is filling up at d.c. this fall. we will have you back to ctu at that important subject. you have to catch tammy, buster, bob and one do not break and not been for the names of those leaders. we're up against our time here. this is the nature of the panel and ask you to think bob woodson, tammy bruce. [applause] >> and we will have more for the western conservative senate annual conference night, including their marks in south carolina senator tim scott and

the freedom coalition founder, ralph reid. that is at 8:00 eastern over on c-span. i was after president obama authorize the use of military action against extremist forces in iraq, u.s. armed forces carried out several airstrikes against the militant group, isis. during a 90 minute briefing with reporters, white house press secretary on the josh earnest discuss u.s. military action in iraq, including this morning's airstrike in the town of your real. >> as we have seen the isis and make a memory space, the military advisors. you have said there is no military solution to that and the united states should not be dragged into a war. what is to stop that from happening and what is to stop

the islamic state forces terminating further? >> but may start that. you ask a couple different questions here but may take up individually. the first one, which is most important for the american people to understand and the president said this clearly mr. marks last night and in fact i have been here. let me repeat them. as commander-in-chief the president said, will not allow the united states to be dragged into fighting another war in iraq. so even as we support iraqis, if they take the fight these terrorists, american combat troops will not be returning to fight in iraq. so that is a pretty clear expression for the commander-in-chief about what our intentions are and what the limit of any sort of military action would be. that is a clear enunciation of the kind of principle that is at stake here, which is disbelief that there are in iraq right

now. it's the view of the president that those challenges cannot be solved by the american military. they can only be solved through an inclusive government of the people of iraq. and it made progress in trying to form that government and we are hopeful that once the government is formed that they will pursue the kind of inclusive governing agenda that is required to unite the country and its threat today that exists in the country right now. if there is a rule for the american military to play in supporting the iraqi people and that inclusive government in an integrated security force capable of defending the country, then we will use that american military prowess in pursuit of that goal as well. it is after all the clear national interest in the united states for there to be a stable

iraqi government that can preside over a stable iraq and a security force that is necessary capability to address to the security situation is in this country. these are all difficult challenges and i don't mean to minimize time. but you know, we have a very clear point of view. that is based on our recent experience about the limit of american involvement in that kind. and what that means is this is a situation that is a very difficult challenge. but it's not a challenge that can resolve by the american military. there is support that can be provided by the american military, but this is a situation solved by the iraqi people and a government that reflects the reviews of the population. >> is the president hope

authorized effectively will buy time so the iraqi people organize their government and their defense forces to reptile isis? >> i don't think i would describe it that way and i do think the president would either. again, the primary goal of the mishnah president authorized last night was the protection of the american personnel in iraq gave the president authorized military action to address an urgent, even dire humanitarian situation. more generally, a willingness on the part of the american people to stand with the people of iraq as they pursue a future that is reflective of the diverse population of the nation of iraq. and that future is under grave threat by isil extremists making advances across the country and our desire and a clear interest of american national security for us to support the iraqi people a say confront that threat. but again, this is a threat that

we cannot confirm for them. it is a threat that can only be met and defeated day you unified iraq in support of an integrated, capable iraq security force. if that requires the support of the american military, better support we are ready to offer, but not in a military conflict that involves the united states of america and it will not involve american troops returning to iraq in a combat role. >> you can watch on today's white house briefing tonight at nine dirty eastern on c-span or anytime on c-span.org. >> entrepreneurs and business leaders gathered this week in washington d.c. to discuss strategies for innovation, economic growth and development in africa. speakers included as are several african initiatives with companies including microsoft, general electric and the mobile

network safari column hosted by the brookings institution, and this is an hour and 20 minutes. >> good afternoon. thanks for being with us and the panel members. we have a team that is really connection and communication in africa and we have with us and i will quickly go over the more detailed versions. we have jay ireland who was appointed in 2011. since his appointment, jay has overseen the growth of over 1800 employees and revenues of over 2.4 billion, with businesses across aviation, power generation, oil and gas, health care and transportation transportation. jay is also at the number of the

board of directors of the cancer research foundation and a trustee of st. lawrence university. jay, thanks a lot for being with us. then, we have robert collymoore, ceo of safari unlimited, the leading communications company in africa in pioneer of the worlds most developed mobile payment system. bob has more than 30 years of commercial experience working in the telecom sector and is passionate about how businesses can be capitalized in communities in more countries. the united nation takes the united nations global compact board. then, we have the general manager of africa initiatives from microsoft and the general manager for microsoft africa initiatives. he has 30 years of experience in icp across four continents,

having first read microsoft in 1992 and technical manager in south africa. since that time he is at many positions of the country, including chief operating officer for microsoft saudi arabia as well as director of strategic initiatives for the middle east and north africa based in istanbul, my home city. and fernando was once a race car driver. and finally, we have 79, the founder of a diversified tofu, group with diverse mint in africa, europe, north america, latin america and asia-pacific. the cochair of the african union world economic forum platform

are investing in african agriculture known as pro-africa recently took over the chairmanship of the alliance for green revolution in africa from kofi anon. he and his wife financed the foundation which provides scholarships for over 42,000 african orphans. this is a great panel and again thank you very much for being with us. just a few words. our african growth initiative of proteins is now almost five years old. we really focus on bringing africa's on bringing africa's first to washington and at the same time partnering with the network of african think tanks and universities throughout africa. for us, this event attached to president obama hosting the african summit is extremely exciting that we're trying our best to make it as successful as

possible. the communications team is of course crucial for africa. i was head of ntp for a while, but before that i was at the world bank from long years ago. and i remember traveling from aubuchon to paris basically. you still have to go sometime through. you still have to sometimes go through paris, london or more off in dubai. but africa is huge continent together to communicate, to interact, having the physical infrastructure, which is so important, but also the softer infrastructure, mobile communication network where it has been such a huge breakthrough technology is i think a huge opportunity and i think many of us hope that africa will be at the prodding. you are to see it happening in

banking and health care and other areas. and finally, human networks. at the end of the day, maybe the most important of all network of entrepreneurs, academics, ngos of a civil society and particularly business now looking at africa is real investment. philanthropy is great and i think we want to encourage it as much as possible. but when business sees row profit opportunities in the opportunity to develop africa will be good for its bottom line in integrating them fully into the business and value-added chain, that is where we will see africa's takeoff becoming sustainable and really laughing. so with that, we will go in the order of sitting here and we will start with the day. >> gray, thank you for having me. it is great to be here this

week. i actually started last week we had a trade mission with an energy ministers to houston for oil and gas. the whole affect of getting more people understanding africa and more importantly getting a lot of the african leaders and heads of state and business leaders here is the key thing, which is obviously in a conference. i said earlier as we met, and the other room, it's nice to have a metal bender for all these i.t. guys and telephone guys. we are an infrastructure company. ge, i've been in nairobi for the last three and a half years. we want to put a real focus, so we put senior leaders in a number of different regions. and what i've seen in africa, the growth obviously we all know about the demographic population, the growing middle class, et cetera, et cetera.

the real thing that's real thing that's got to have been mistaken as demographics and get any real value out of them and to do that the infrastructure has to be improved. rose, rails, power, electric, but also the communication as well, which i think has leapfrogged here in the u.s. my daughter who is, and visited a part of the safari in kenya said they had better service. and she did at her apartment in manhattan. so bob, you and giving you that commercial. but overall, the innovation aspect in africa is totally undervalued and misunderstood by many people. when i come back to the u.s. and talk, we have tremendous innovation that is occurring. as someone said earlier today and another meeting i was at, a typical development you go

through a sequential manner and there's no real reason in africa we can't go from one, two to six and leap over three, four, five. and i think we have done not. a lot of it is capable because communication, infrastructure and the ability now of technology to move bigger and bigger pieces of data across them. we are working on a number of solutions in the health care site or in africa to really drive the capability of the rural areas if you go back into the urban areas, but we do have trained technicians that can read x-rays or ultrasound better. so we are having that ability to change the realize that people that are away from let's say the banner of the trained medical people. the other big area is energy.

the electricity is the big one. we all know about the electricity deficit in africa is absolutely imperative to correct that. we are happy to help do they not. we have a whole plethora of products across a number of different power capabilities. but most importantly to give access. we can generate all the power or deliver generation to the grid, but you need access for the consumers. again, when you look at technologies out there, not just the standpoint of picking the grid and doing some things that are powered by the hour cometh things like that, rental capability, people again through the telecom lines, but also the ability to bring solar power and micro grids, which the pivot mechanisms are the key and a lot of that is through mobile

telephony. all of those are absolutely critical. one of the key things i found it even with all of that in as you said earlier about traveling around, the most important thing that has to happen is going to be more and more investment. there's a lot of dollars to want to invest in africa from all over. east, west of develop world's developing and that is going to happen because people perceive that the risk matches the reward on investment days and the only way people are understand the true risk perception of africa for the risk reality is to be there. you have to be local. you know, he was trying to do my job sitting in london were sitting in the u.s. and flying in every now and then, i have a very hard time to really connect people that you need for the business standpoint, not just a

government, but other business leaders and to understand what the issues were. i think the more people to come to africa from the standpoint of investing, they realize yes there's a lot of challenges. we all know what they are, but they are not insurmountable. an easy place to do business. it is easier in some respects than people think, harder in others quite frankly. we have been able to grow our business from unnamed a billion orders to about four this year the last three years. we've been able to grow pretty dramatically and it's all because we have a focus on the ground and we continue to hire local people and that makes the communication and the theme of the conference really have the communication, not just using that technology, but the old meaning understanding of what has to be done.

>> thanks, bob and jay. a b-1 point for all the panelists, this quite a few studies on catch up in leapfrogging. one question that is very people are asking on the data you feed technologies are spreading very, very fast. so when they appear somewhere in the world, japan or the u.s. or germany two months later, they are in other parts of the world. that is not necessarily true for their diffusion. any remark from that would also be very welcome. they are the mentioned twice one of the great examples of leapfrogging in one of the greatest leaders of that. >> i have to make sure --

[laughter] you know, one of the things with much of the narrative today in this week is about this thing called africa. we think about the continental science rather than the 55 countries that make up the country. you know, those people speak in 2000, three dozen languages. different cultures, different religions and different political makeup. and regional integration unless we can get a grip and it. you know, from dubai is about $1400. to have the same is approaching

$4000. it takes a lot longer to compile into hong kong. still another one that actually relates much more to our industry come on washington to nairobi. and so, when you think about this thing called africa, it there's 55 things called africa. typically we talk about unemployment rates across the continent. and in nigeria records about 13%. the fact is nigeria has 170 million people. that's a lot of people without a

purpose in life. so you know, jerry in the ge team have been doing a lot of stuff around energy. when i look at investing in africa, we do tend to look a bit more collaboratively. in kenya are discovered oil. the problem with the sisters absolutely need for energy because 80% of the population are currently having access. you can't industrialize the country unless you have power. it doesn't create jobs. it's capital-intensive. the problem is the jobs created, no quality jobs. so that doesn't been addressed the issue of youth unemployment, which across the continent and all the countries it is a

problem. also the rule of art or culture because arboriculture agendas about 20% contributions of gdp at higher or lower in some places. and it's about 15% of experts coming out of african countries. the probably how does the average farmer is operating on .21.3. an interesting statistic i discovered the other day that germany makes more coffee than the whole continent of africa. even more alarming is the value of swedish -- sorry, swiss coffee exports is twice the value of german coffee exports. so again, you can probably challenge the numbers that they won't be that far off. actually when you go into

starbucks in nearby that coffee, that kilogram turns into something like $500. i have a friend who works out of uganda and entertains his coffee growers more than their trade days. he does the value addition. so he rose and packages and exports and supports 14,000 ugandan farmers. you know, that sounds like a big number. if you take andrew's annual turnover is only about $2.5 million. so that's where the investment needs to be given to africa. what are we doing about it as industry? i can give you the challenges facing farmers. they don't have web information. they don't have access to

capital then you know for are worse now than they were maybe two decades ago. so you know, i give you a couple examples of things we are doing specifically, but also in africa. you know, the information service for farming and it's meant in launches without any big advertising and reporting up to 50% improvements in the yield. it's not a big deal. farm forces are called the mobile platform and keeps track of the residue, which helps that far when i manage the policy forbids come in a thymic the more attractive to the export market.

they hope he'll with life in africa and finally i'm fine, which enables market to enable the cost-effectively than just take whatever price was given to him and he or she can decide what they want to do. i talk a little bit about agriculture. i haven't talked about the impact we are making on health care. this has been a big focus for these guys. we haven't talked about how using a mobile phone. very high incidence of mortality in africa. the mobile phone is now so ubiquitous it is making an impact. we haven't talked about what we do in education. again, you give a mobile phone to a child and give them access to the world, that is such a

huge leap to where it was yesterday, with the school where you sit on the floor. so you know, what i would say is africa has a lot of challenges for sure. the ease of doing business is not always as we would expect it to be. however, because innovation because we have such massive need for forces us to be innovative. >> just one question. mortar for more opportunities in your kind of went out of business? >> it is shocking. we talked about call rates from kenya to the u.s. is 5 cents. that can achieve gonda is 28 cents. so these nontariff barriers are really being talked about.

he kept about. you cannot move many easily from cantonese to kenya or uganda to rwanda. those barriers are as big as ever. >> fernando, usc now most all the world. what is your perspective of all this? >> so i think in trying to think about the discussion and i think you've all touched on a certain extent of what happened. what came to my mind was almost triggered last week here in washington we've been working with the white house on the young africa leadership initiative than i had the privilege of actually hosting an event for all 500 washington fellows. so this massive energy came into the room and transformed us. there should start to the two d. expo. i spent about six hours. i didn't stop talking one-on-one to individuals for six hours

because of their desire for information, the question that the initiative they had was just completely overwhelming, but it's also refreshing and i think it speaks to the point of the inclusion of africa, the 55 countries in africa are very, very unique because each one of these individuals. there was managerial from eritrea and you know, he was so different from the rest of africa because he lives in a very different world. ..

>> >> is the technology world call its and what you will high above friends with microsoft.com but that world that has no boundaries i can present to myself and trade

and educate myself so that that we see as the potential to start to become something meaningful. the payment mechanisms were the important part so is government policy. there was a discussion around democracy and civil society that was important but there needs to be a dialogue that refers to the policy of the digital age to allow africans to be globally competitive from that little device to

understand how to use it. >>'' we also see is a massive innovation coming to a point to those problems that exist in africa is very much relevant to africa. they were having a discussion about something. talk about polio to save the cure for polio is not going to come from the western world. to invest resources to figure out the tear. but yet polio kills hundreds of thousands of children in africa. so it will come from africa for that need is so overwhelming. the cure from malaria will come from africa and the

connection of africa and did in the loan and unique way. to make a really feasible solution was 750 young people who participates in that market but that is the potential for that market. in down here to become a net producer of technology. to break the boundaries of the physical challenges but also to create'' was unbelievable inclusiveness that the 55 countries i would argue we are far away

but it is possible the capacity excess to come together faster up until now >> just looking at the numbers from the very beginning then add period in the '80s then we have the best years of modern history at least. i would appreciate to sink this could accelerate a of little bit more? kodak to 1990 or '91 with

that evolution in africa so looking at the industry and what it takes with that african population. how much will it cost? [inaudible]

countries like botswana in data know where you are with nigeria people or are connected. and they have incredible lessons. in the native% with telecommunications. in to push the regulator push for policy changes. in the early days back in 1984 there were very few

multinationals. with that spectrum with mobile phones in place s.a. partisan many african part -- entrepreneurs so you see the framework and it is ready to build bridges if you trust the private sector in the same way so those entrepreneurs in the question that reservation

and to connect people through that pursuit. we are in the second revolution we're beginning to use these platforms for agriculture or baking services. education, santry aired beginning to push this platform to bring more and more people i have always said the telecom revolution in africa was not carrying a

carrot -- communication but it whispered it only became possible to pay for their service. and it was your credit history but when we got the prepaid card we already knew about radio communication and what you could do with that. that made it possible for ordinary people to buy access and an affordable and inclusive manner in that is what they'll do with financial services with education and insurance so this is the next phase of this revolution.

but from this revolution we are beginning now to see the foot print to give people access to credit. imagine found your house for cash everything for cash. but that is how it is in africa. this will create that next revolution or it is possible if they're unemployed it

would be a revolution. they may not be a case but we need to bring that to greater inclusion. thank you very much. >> but in terms of the education system, is it accelerating? some of the skills may not be that hard to acquire others are difficult the d.c. that trading system adjusting to the new technologies? >>'' we are seeing is the transformation of education away from the traditional classroom methods there is a

business set up so there digitizing textbooks and also have the initiative teaching technology and what we see is that transformation. and we have referenced to say i have 65,000 problems. those are my teachers. they need to move faster with the peoples and they are not because they young people are moving very fast because they adopt the technology so much faster so until the government we need the teachers to move at least as fast. to focus on the odds are partnerships skills and of

course, we could remain so with that adoption of technology was socially correct of ways to create it is starting to run in parallel with that serial process that was 20 years ago. >> talk about the kids in a classroom who does not have a window. did they move from bricks then you can deliver the best quality education and that is happening now and then coming into africa but

the most obvious is where we've made progress and change. we have a lot of those innovation huts. >> i agree with all that but on the other hand, i see a lack of skills we need from tactical skills around engineering. indeed continues to grow dramatically in and magnified because many countries now have stringent localization requirements for you to sell or invest in the country. all of a sudden to go to a

country for everyone expatriate you need to have nine locals but the problem is that country may not be equipped yet from the educational some point. so the world bank people college graduates graduate with degrees that are usable and 70 percent studying things that are not. i don't know where that comes from but the technical skills are not at the same level as the business skills that are typical of the other steadies there is plenty of great business

people we need more of the young kids and as many as there are graduating it is faster than the schools can graduate so it is up to us to invest in that curriculum development was the major universities to drive that because it is the linchpin it is not that different in the u.s. either but it is a worldwide phenomenon. where we don't give enough technical people from the standpoint of what we need to do with engineering. >> with all the issues those are the ones to bridge the gap. >> you mention in asia they

did extremely well over the last 30 years but a lot of that was really for a manufacturing looking at what happened in china and korea before that and southeast asia the yet dash share of manufacturing it is listed at the end of the day in terms of those dynamics in africa. >> i call that infrastructure the first-ever went to china was 25 years ago.

at that time everyone was worried about rule of law in the ability to protect your it, etc., etc. security. then in the '90s we put a plan to that was up the river from hong kong because we wanted to shift because of the mainland there was no roads or real than one of the five-year plans the chinese said they would do infrastructure was 100 airports to build all of highways and the real. that is what unlocked china with that railroad so the manufacturing could get out of the country but for us to put a manufacturing facility into a country in africa for

two wrist three weeks to take several long to get delivered you have no security of the electricity supply that is the inhibitor to investment and and tell those get fixed it will be hard have cheap labor rates we need to compete with all that ability to be degraded by the infrastructure so as a result africa is the highest cost area to manufacture that is endemic to flip that is where it will help out. >> i agree but again again africa has more mobile phones that america. but does not manufacture

any. by and large they don't move into manufacture but it is the next factory of the world because come back with the china debate is across africa and if we can invest then we can start to do manufacturing. but i don't think there is though will. the big energy investments if we don't get into manufacturing. >> but that role or the future of africa or the question with software we

talk about that ipad example what type of a product is this? because it manufacturing? or something different? even modern cars look at what kind will appear on the market of lot of value added is with the programming with the software it is steel bentinck? [laughter] but that whole part is more important so maybe there is a leap frog that africa will to less than what aged did because the circumstances are changing. >> i am not into manufacturing but i am aware

to challenge of what he has to say but moving from 1 billion surtout 1/2 million something must be going right. that is pretty good growth anywhere in the world. so to give us a break to improve infrastructure and we are able to buy power plants and with those infrastructure deficiencies. with but we have to address

like every petty else the issues to grapple with we have challenges in from children better not in school that we're now looking at this with despair. with our ability from the future. >> u.s. the question is not just about ned told bending that they ask if they could do coating. to do intellectual stuff he

had tons of people who could be doing this kind of stuff that is currently done in asia. very, very effectively to that point from metal bending. >> we try to take those engineering graduates and why can't we? it is drafting space its levels of design and really get that with ethiopia but we are investing will it will invest 2.5 billion dollars into assembly facilities so we are doing it but over the next five years we're very optimistic is keeping up with the growth that is what is great

about africa. >>. >> when we look at china or india or brazil will have to be careful not to make the comparison around infrastructure. it was one of government in one country measured on a relative success and africa we have such a variety of success and a benchmark that has better governance than others. some achieve levels of success but those challenges and to betty is investing let's invest in a country to enable that to build the infrastructure i that that would surpass china quickly but we see this 1 billion

people it is almost like spreading peanut butter to be very democratic with our investments just put it in the middle and lego. [applause] >> there are some questions from the floor. we have not mentioned the trade is so i assure you will say something about that. >> thank you. i am from brookings. this morning there was so pleased for a single economic entity is to be operated companies across but even bob mentioned the challenges so maybe is is the jelly approach instead

of peanut butter but given the variety of regional economic organizations in africa right now, is there the possibility in that trade investment spee your? with those growing organizations by air since to be on the grounds to be the most promising? >> i think the aspect is key to growth to the point we have heard it is 55 countries is there is no way

microsoft or ge will put in an so few of our regional if you have can get 40 or 50 million people but if you put them together with rwanda you have 200 million people or baby more and now you have scale. so the ability to serve is where you will see potential. the all have different things that are positives now with seems the eac is the furthest ahead doing it on the borders but it is starting to happen but it is

a tough road because i have been five countries in the last six months and everyone tells me they will be the main supplier and to the little countries need a chance as well as the big guys. >> that is the interesting dynamic earlier this morning it was said with about the exception to travel around africa he said americans king get the peace at the airports so it is not even equal within africa some of those are things that i think could be broken down of little bit from the

standpoint to encourage the trade. >>. >> i think that energy was interesting but to take it entrepreneurs to a disruptive type of class to those that are scalable with private capital? i would be curious as to the dynamics of that advantage. >> interesting question because the balance between the risk of investing in africa because of the nature

or in a technology stock for the manufacturing plant anywhere across the world they're done what is that infrastructure availability? perhaps there is a high tendency of investing in africa to be risky because of africa but if we start to change that to move the needle to understanding with the infrastructure investment and will change the conversation between the entrepreneurs on the ground there looking to create because from the growth perspective it is paradise those growth rates are huge and it has been sustained but it is something we need to worry about and to close

the nature of the investments between seed capital in the institutional investment with that diaspora is looking at ways to bridge that gap with the investment of $5 million is for most stock options. but if that is u.s. standard is a mismatch to understand that. >> the success stories we're running a very successful business so what we need to

talk about the shares are heavily oversubscribed. >> we are active in 17 african countries. we have officers and boots on the ground not to say they're not there but the way we look at it is to invest in nigeria in a day. [laughter] it is a prospective.

in then through the ivory coast. in regional integration is happening. one and to do more business and fathers could ever have dreamed of to drive the policy changes i think that is brazil to but i will only talk about africa. [laughter] simic i definitely have a

point. >> i will take that opportunity. >> that is the last will go that direction. >> i am an attorney from new rochelle in it seems to me that the perception of the entire continent is so skewed the media does not cover africa is anything anyone can do about that door if so, what? >> we will take two with three questions. >> hello.

with a merging investor with those companies of international aspirations. i see there is a large -- a lot of partnerships of countries and entrepreneurs on the ground talk about growth companies in a communication based that is partners for different businesses that they could partner with to help facilitate in the communications world. >> the very eighth vibrant market. so we work with the very small company that came together to develop a panel

in now we are delivering energy right to set grass roots. in the they first came to me and i said how much do you need? and they're is lots more with these companies and also g.. they had the confidence to put in the money but also talking about the technology for example, with the smaller companies. [laughter] you are very kim.

[laughter] >> did is say question of understanding africa. to see what it is like it is a perception no one understands the size. i have been questioned i have impacted your business and boko haram that is a dynamic. really? but everyone that comes and visits typically they get on tuesdays nairobi flight that

is like flying across america and no kidding it is a long way between the countries. a and to talk about the success stories there is an unbelievable amount of success in that does not necessarily but i hope this week it will i hope that will change the perceptions from the of media you saw the press preventer the weekend they're focusing on the positives i traveled back here quite a bit with my sole goal to change the perception of investing in africa. >> to take americans into

africa dash related not make a lot of sense. [laughter] then to look they don't have much. that will never change. >> i was just going to say on the media side when it talking about themselves that we are more excited about social media and that interaction ended tuesday''

there would writes about america. to get into dangerous territory. to talk about africa and before the meeting to add that dimension all over the zero world but there is one thing that strikes me is the of pragmatism and forward-looking and i want to say anything negative but there are places in the world now where there are

battles in killing their 800 years back in some in the balkans were like that. and there are problems and all kinds of tensions but it seems to me is that correct? >> the approach to life? >> i have seen the index the happiest people in the world right now are nigeria. [laughter] there is an energy in africa today. if you go into the bar is over the coffee shops, there

are more young people discussing about the future and i would ask one of our people balance with data consumption prod brand is the fastest-growing part of the business. what are they doing with the data? and came back to say 60 percent is social media. of okay they're interacting in sharing ideas. fed is not to say we're not concerned with the other challenges. we have to deal with all the issues of terrorism and the challenges of leadership and

corruption but there is a greater sense of energy coming out of that. because half of the world's use over the next 25 years it is a great feeling. but i think we have to and fast. but the skills we are observing china and to brazil. we are africa. we will go our way when relearn what other people have because 20 years ago they said what about japan?

before that what about the miracle of western europe? that we will learn the good things. that we try to learn those more than 50,000 applications that they believe they are of leader hint that is part of the government in to u.s. edes to raise more investment of

the continent said. >> i think the strength the biggest resource is its people it is the optimism of continued perseverance to get things done is unbelievable. for me personally with my office is in nairobi we throw a costume party for christmas post came from there parents' closet. so we paul every a decade together to say how many of you were born in the '60s? to love them. one of them was me. one was my cfo.

december 69. the average age is maybe 29. i don't find that in fairfield war schenectady. they cannot believe i worked at ge 34 years because that is longer than they have been alive. >> that initial people thinking not about 1500 civic issues social a media they are excited. >> maybe we will take one more question. the lady here and then the

twitter question is the quality of government. with more disparity but any comments of that? been there for all the reasons that the panel although i personally believe minto greasy fully productive members does governance of social change and media and society we will mossy that transformation we have been talking about across the continent. so what are you doing and what is happening to bring women and girls into your organization's on equal footing to men and boys? thank you. >> those are the questions.

>> governess is still a challenge. seeing an improvement over the last tenures it still has a long way to go. but then to try the six across the continent. but a very good question. have some of the brightest people working at my country. but they may be in bet now. [laughter] but 60 percent are women i spend more on them a than men. women have to deal with a whole shift but rigo beyond that into primary school to

explain to children what can be done. it it is the big bank with the international bank. if you are hiring cook could do work for a few paid the same salary? he would work for me because of a more conducive environment to a secondary university because we've learned to treat of a larger pool of african women and i have to tell you some of the most fearsome than i have to work with. >> as you mentioned in your earlier remarks, i share the

alliance for a green revolution in africa which is the organization for development of security through the farmers. so here are the statistics over 70 percent of the food grown in africa is produced. so the african farmers. [inaudible] she is for a and getting older. land. it her son is not owned the land either.ç so how do we empower women

it and give them access in the ownership to land? we have made spies cliff divers six african countries were regulated but today less than five or six have regular elections the debate has moved on. this is important. the next generation to try to redress those issues not like they hide under the table. of course, just like asia

remember ray have talked around here you will see a differential and the pace in those of you who are interested we cannot clear all the issues the was a to be optimistic to be very clear she will not allow us to occupy this space. speaking for myself from my top management. >> that is good. in another comment the

ability to look at those practices for those role models hinders with gender equality. with very few countries or regions elie we could argue about with those economic developments or perhaps even the united states has a way to go and then the strength and resilience of the african women will figure it out because they know how because as the multinational organizations have gender equality in diversity of rules and governance and transparency how they apply

them with every single government. it must remain in place with gender equality. ceramics the women in africa will lot less get away with it. >> with a fortune 500 companies is shockingly low. to have access to have programs in on the governance we operate 160 countries around the of world is not an african issue the more global than it takes to everybody thinks

people understand that we are a big company we can do that with smaller or entrepreneur is trying to get through the system. but what i have found is fundamentally if you work the process but don't try to do get overly aggressive because once you try to push the process faster said you open yourself up so there is a balance in the good news is there is no order that is worth saying yes to. in you have to train people continuously. but to understand the local customs but as more people get through the press is

getting focused savannah's helpful as well that is improving with the ways to go and we continue to see the improvement of that. >> fate you so much on behalf of the whole audience. [applause] >> they key for joining as. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations]