the rest of his career as a sociologist. but it wasn't as hard as i understand that a rejection of the united states for an expression of disappointment all beauport and did believe that he would be vindicated by the supreme court, which i thought was kind of interesting. when he got combat dead, you know, the local court level in seattle, he kind of expected the court case then went also 42 to the ninth circuit court in san francisco for a po. they essentially refuse to consider the case and passed to the supreme court. i think it was gordon's hope that the supreme court justices of the united states would understand the constitutional issues he was concerned about. he and barnett developed a fifth

amendment argument that the possession of which was the application of curfew, mass. for mobile and subsequently incarceration directed only as people of japanese ancestry and beaten by racial myself, i might add applied to people that were half of japanese ancestry from a quarter down to an eight i believe ancestor was enough to get you into one of these camps. they felt that was profoundly unconstitutional and gordon sincerely believed the supreme court justices are going to agree with him about that. they absolutely did not, but because of the relationship between the conviction in the time he was going to have to

serve, he asked at one juncture, i think of is that the seattle local court level that his sentences for opposition to curfew and opposition to removal be combined and lengthened out a little bit so he would be able to serve in a penal institution that allowed him to be outside. so he got this concurrent sentence and bus when it came out to the supreme court and i believe they heard the appeal in their 42-43 term, they decided to only take the curfew portion of the case that work on current i set up and they avoided trying to engage where they avoided in

gauging the constitutionality of mass removal. and i have heard attorneys say for the asian law caucus that this was very to liberate that seven out of nine of the supreme court justices were. he appointed the fdr and there was an interest and perhaps avoiding conflict with the boss, trying to be supportive of the presidential orders, which were supposedly based on the rationale is military necessity. in many cases, they upheld the conviction of violating her view them that sense of how core convictions. so they did not stand by the principles of the u.s. constitution as gordon had hoped. >> host: he died in july 12, but something else also happened

in 2012. >> guest: shortly after in may of 2012, president obama decided to give gordon and award as the presidential model of freedom i believe is what it's called. they did not believe to see back, but my father did i get come into his room and i was on photo and heard my bragging to the gentleman in the bad in the same room about his brother, gordon and a very high metal. although bored and didn't see it, no doubt that the family had all along supported gordon in

terms of the principled stand. i think gordon knew that he had done the right thing and fell that certainly he thought it was unconstitutional for him. i quote him saying that he felt this was a choice only standing up during times of crisis for the u.s. constitution can we make the documents served to which it was attended -- and tended. >> we've been talking with lane hirabayashi, professor of asian american studies at ucla. he is a co-author of this book along with his uncle and his father. trade for the story if your bios cheevers is the united states. >> thank you very much.

>> otto santa ana, author of "juan in a hundred" takes a critical look at the coverage of latinos on the evening news. this is about half an hour. >> guest: >> host: now we want to introduce you to otto santa ana. professor santa ana, what do you teach? >> guest: i've been just cannot do canna studies. >> host: workhorses are you teaching? >> guest: i teach courses in language in the media, the classroom and political humor and i teach courses on language -- all aspects of language that are socially relevant. >> host: your book wants to talk to you on booktv is "juan

in a hundred: the representation of latinos on network news." here is the cover of the book. professor, before we get started, what does the word latino mean? all the people who are a lot american >> you are professor >> guest: mexican-american descent. another way of saying it's mexican-americans. >> host: what is the latino population? >> guest: about 52 million people. >> host: story six. >> guest: a huge proportion. >> host: yours is about the representation of u.s. news. how many stories are about latinos latinos?

>> guest: sadly, less than 1% of all the news stories on the evening news, the networks have to do with latinos. >> host: why? >> guest: why? i think it is because latinos are not considered by the media to be part of the social fabric of the united states. i looked at 12,000 news stories. one full year of network news for abc, cbs, cnn and nbc and in that year i counted all the news stories of the evening news. 365 days, seven days a week. there were over 12,000 stories. between 98 and 115 more about latinos, so that constitutes less than 1%. so that is why i called it "juan in a hundred." >> host: when you say a latino story or about a latino, what does that mean?

>> guest: everything from stories about immigration, stories and i chose 1994 to look at. so we looked at the presidential elections campaign at the time. we looked at stories about cuban-americans, dominican americans. we looked at all the stores possible. it included salvador and, let's see if i can get this right. had to do with how baseballs were staged. i mean, i try to be as inclusive as possible and we ended up having a very, very narrow focus, very narrow scope absolutely do not care arise the network news adequately. >> host: when they were for trade, holiday for trade?

>> guest: frankly, they were presented in a very skewed manner. there were very good stories don't get me wrong, but a lot of stories indicated a relatively impoverished understanding of what latinos are. another whiskey rebuilt on stereotyping, expectations not met. and i love to frame by frame at each of about 48 news stories to make sure that i could understand what was being articulated. i compare that to the story of the day by looking at news stories in the printed media as well and so i could see exactly what was being spoken about on the news and how well the network news covered the story of the day. >> host: when you put it in the larger context, what did you

find? >> guest: we found latinos are not understood to be part of the 16 overpopulation that is very, very pertinent to the american community. >> host: i want to read from your book "juan in a hundred." roberto gonzales nominated. in the 1626.abc story on gonzales, peter jennings a standard anchor shot announces bush's nominee for attorney general. president bush made history today. he nominated and hispanic tech texan to be attorney general. is there anything wrong with how he started? >> guest: well, you know, but really caught me offguard. i'm not sure if i recall what do she was there. >> host: okay. off with more, beat tommy what you hear here. this confirmation of certain though there will be some questions. scene two frames the gonzales

nomination as an affirmative action appointment alternating shots of the president and gonzales. >> guest: this is the attorney general who was confirmed and he was represented as an affirmative action candidate. all his background he had served and had an incredible curriculum he had been supreme court justice in texas. he has served admirably in the framing of the network news cast him as simply filling in the flaws. the affirmative action, the hispanic been characterized. but of his achievements were characterized. only the fact bush had chosen this hispanic to fill his spot. >> host: in your view, professor, how could that have

been framed different? >> guest: he could've mentioned he was hispanic and talked about his credentials. could've spoken about what his philosophy was. they would've been been a greater sense of the integration of candidate, that appointee into the american government. but no, it was simply based two-dimensional image of hispanic affirmative action position and nothing about his background was discussed in the initial framing. >> host: you go want to say that when gonzales is seen in the news story making remarks, abc reinforces its framing by choosing the images that present an echoing his presidents care or ossetian and that he grew up poor and lots of important part of the story as well.

>> guest: that was important part of the story. that was useful, but there was nothing about what he had done before he would have the national scene. it is very appropriate to talk about the american dream. i think that is an important aspect that should be covered in american network news. more about the individual. more about the reasons bush had chosen them. not strictly as politics, but also the character behind him. to give an example, it is typical to have one, an obituary of a famous person's passed away each day is in a network news. that was the year ronald reagan passed away. there were 200 news stories about his obituary. how many latinos were represented as an obituary for someone of note? absolutely zero.

about 1%. with federal court judges, people who have broken with pioneers in art, politics, in the sciences and not one of those individuals characterized. that is the binding comedy are we sure of 16 overpopulation. >> host: gabriel garcia marquez recently passed away, seemed to get every coverage. >> host: that is a wonderful thing and he was republican. he is not u.s. latino. thursday when he passed away, tremendous coverage. by the latin american. but when -- in 94, gloria and slew of passed away. he was considered by one of the 100 most important books of the

20th century. she was not characterized. she is a poet. she talked about the borderlands and incredible way there's a whole literature now the follows are academically and poetically. and she was not given any mention. a famous puerto rican poet was not characterized whatsoever. it is extraordinary and he also passed away and we have no knowledge of that. the u.s. republic -- the u.s. public who watches the network news to expect to understand what the nation is about has no idea that these magnificent individuals have lived the celebrated lies and then passed away because they are not referenced by network news. it is not that the network news couldn't find these people. i asked my students one day again than three hours to find newsworthy stories that have not

been covered. they brought back 150 stories. i gave them three hours. they brought back different groups of people. this was printed material that was available. available during that period of time. the network chose not to do it. moreover unfortunately there were cases when the network news skewed this story. so we have a story i can't remember right now which the network will remain unmentioned. but "the wall street journal" spoke about some economic news and it is very, very clear that working class of latinos had been filling in jobs that other groups were not taking up in particular i may give a detailed study of construction workers working at the midwest, doing

heavy construction of a work that no one else would do for the pay. with that marvelous "wall street journal" article, the network news produced a 50 word statement which indicated -- suggested that hispanics in general had taken these jobs from other people, that they were middle-class jobs and that this is a general statement. this was something that was alarming. completely skewing the facts and the facts were printed. they cited -- they give the premature of "the wall street journal" that they misrepresented according to a stereotype that certainly wasn't not. for the american public to hear. >> host: chapter two of your book "juan in a hundred" inside

the belt way stories to begin with a coat by susan jacoby. every shortcoming in foreign relations and domestic affairs is related in some fashion to the knowledge deficit of the american public. >> guest: we have won six of the american public whatnot that was represented. what we see, the skewing is that most of the stories during 2004 had to do with either who the hispanic vote would go for, whether it was for the republican or the republic candidate. the other major story today with immigration. any other aspect that had nothing to do with american domestic life in dealing with latinos was remiss. we have only one news story is a

mentioned about the economy. i had one story about hispanic health. there was very, very limited coverage in all the areas that could be covered that are generally covered by the network news. there was possibility, clearly there's been that there was simply not considered newsworthy. the beltway news stories constitute the major kind of news story that was important that is considered and that was simply one beltway politics converge that hispanic issues. secondly, if there was a catastrophe, if mayhem had happened. so there is a terrible hurricane that occurred in people died in cuba and puerto rico. that was covered in those constituted the story that were hispanic or latino stories.

nothing about perspectives that could've represented the breadth of american integration of latinos or a deeper understanding beyond superficial characterizations that we operate with every day. i am afraid we are actually hearing a continuation of stereotypes, of some apology that are characterized. the fundamental problem i feel as there is a lack of serious knowledge of latinos. of hartford night, the idea is the journalist had not paid attention -- they worried about objectivity and fairness. i think those criteria, which are very useful criteria should not be the major criteria for network news. we should look also to see the journalist should understand they are telling stories and

repetitive stories that have a mythological background. the most covered news story has to do with immigration. constituting a third of all the news stories about latinos. if the protagonist is a border patrol agent, what story do you think it was about? this story was a western. a western genre story that taciturn demanding the frontier that great american desert against navajo apache is a

renegade command she was militarized but we simply had the same story, a hero to sydney a good two-week population and maintaining civilization against the sort of people who are going to destroy their civilization. within a third and a 15 frame shot you would know the story by the introduction, by icons, images being characterized. the names change and they remain the same. the best news story and immigration turned out was from a bbc correspondent who was

affiliated with the network news partner. they create an interesting story that does the characterizations of the border patrol agent as well as immigrants as individuals with full subject tbd so we could actually see why these people were risking their lives across the deserts and how frustrating it was for the border patrol agent to try to keep people who are desperate to come across the border. in the same amount of seconds, 90 seconds you get a story of a bbc correspondent in a much better job than the american correspondent time the very same story. we are seeing repetitions of the stereotypes, mythological stories rather than seeing in-depth stories that characterize what is going on.

and i think the problem becomes better american public does not become any more familiar with what immigration is. certainly immigration is not the only story that should be covered about latinos come up but it should be covered in a more profound way. was population we have all made the story. what is the latino story that you would like to see covered that you haven't. it was another jury. if there was -- if the network decided they were going to present a proportional number of

obituaries characterize our population, it would be a very interesting, simple change that would reconsider, remake of a latinos are considered. the tenets are represented as two dimensional characters when they are in my presence. they are the card worked had asked that the john wayne's was a clint eastwood are defending america against. you don't see latinos as americans event today. there has been a change in the amount of coverage that are now c-span. viewers can go elsewhere they

have not changed their present station tsaile. the latinos have now become 50 million people and they are not represented anywhere near as much substance as they should be. it is a failure is news casting it doesn't allow the american public to latinos are. so it promotes stereotyping. it promotes a level of ignorance. and we cannot deal with the 21st century this misrepresentation of population that make a huge difference of high society. >> is it different here in los angeles because of the large latino population? to find a different watching the

local news? >> the local news i was speaking about network news. so local news is different. but what is most different the spanish language. so the spanish language television is an extraordinarily different take on latinos. we see latinos are drying from these two language sources because it's simply insufficient. you see in you ever accept the stereotypes or you find them repugnant or insufficient and we got to televisa to find what is going on. immigration is covered entirely differently. the campaigns are covered, the federal and local state campaigns are covered entirely differently. the only thing that is different in terms of characterization of

the population, by and large the local english -- and local regional -- local regional news reduce the differences. at the national level i am most concerned because that is where the decisions are made on federal and national issues and latinos are not a regional population anymore. we constitute a major portion all across the country from south carolina to south dakota as well as arizona, texas and california. we should not be considered to be regional. >> host: just to reiterate, you kind of mentioned this, but just to be sure, your book came out in 23rd team aired some of the examples are five years old, six years old, 20 years old. has it