randy sweet until his defense about seven minutes ago he didn't even know he was on the panel. so he was kind enough to jump in. when i heard he was in the area i thought he would be great and have the benefit of getting to work with him. he's been with lockheed martin for over 30 years and is the director of the civil space and business development. but he has a heritage backing of the shuttle program. as a matter of fact, he was an orbital test conductor. so when the shuttles were being processed and getting ready to fly, when the astronauts climbed in the vehicle they are working with otc, orbital test conductor if you will. randy, with that, the floor is yours. >> i don't have any prepared remarks, that i would like to talk a little about my perspective of -- first i will talk about stem a little bit. obviously on the program we do a lot of work in the area of stem

both domestically and internationally. and i have to say that we had an exploration conference probably ten years ago with james cameron was one of the keynote speakers and one of the things he told us and we've kind of build upon this is you should take a look at the entertainment industry and look at what they do and he even used the word avatar. what we are finding in stem and we find this in the shuttle days we would have the cruise events and the students would ask lots of questions about what it's like to fly and what it feels like it is those things. the other one is near-term successes and events.

we are starting to make a lot of progress. we got the flight test coming up we have a lot of points we both transform something and it's amazing the social media blows up so there's a lot of interest out there and when we talk about mars, it's just incredible. but in a lot of cases, conferences like this we are essentially talking to a fairly small community within ourselves. so it's really good that we have organizations like explorer mars that are broadcasting this stuff but as we get closer to flying, we have more engagement for the pop culture into the entertainment industry and we do a lot of work with them. you will see more you'll see more of that once we start getting the cruise more involved in events. those are things we can do to kind of engaged the community. we have a program called the

exploration design challenge coming up on ryan where we are fighting a radiation test and we've had a contest, and i can't remember the number, but over 100,000 students that have applied i think we've got 80 countries involved. we are going to be announcing the finalists at the usa engineering festival being up here so it's gotten a lot of attention and there's a lot of interest out there. i just think we need to keep doing that. what's that's? >> thank you so much. folks with questions please start making your way to the microphone. to maybe put this in perspective when those like neil armstrong and buzz aldrin stepped on the moon that had a phenomenal impact globally. and i think the result of that

is the huge numbers in aerospace engineering technical fields. i know as a kid i was very incentivized by that and as a result, i think where we are today he is all of our companies , the average age of the worker is in the 50s. so what we have seen is that huge generation was inspired is moving through. so in the next ten years there will be a large exodus and opportunities for the brand-new workforce. so to me it is an exciting time that they can come in and want to be a part of something given a lot of responsibility because remember the old timers will be left but there's a big gap in experience. and so, do we think something like going to mars and putting humans on mars can kind of reset the excitement? what do you think? >> i am a huge proponent of

doing views kind of big things. i think i mean is there anything you can propose that wouldn't be bigger in science and technology than to put a person on mars and bring them back? i would ask this question differently. i would say i'm sure in 1956 there were people sitting around saying why on earth are we wasting our time about going to the moon? why would anybody care? but i don't think anybody looks back on that and another one thinks of as a good investment of federal dollars and time into people and energy. and i think we would look back on going to mars the same way, because it is such a uniting force to do something like that and i also think the interesting dimension to the debate about space exploration now is that you have a viable commercial sector as well.

so, you can look at it as an inspiration for kids, but you can also look at it as a very arrogant thing where you will track the need to attract entrepreneurs seeking fame and fortune which isn't necessarily a bad thing to. >> think you. we have a question here? >> in my outreach to high schools especially those that are not located near the centers or the metropolitan areas, i'm finding that they really don't have any awareness of what the country is doing in the space exploration. and more sick of it can be, they are funding for stem as such a small percentage of that for other activities like athletics for example. in fact, just one they actually have a bake sale or something they have a robotics condition that they don't get enough money

so they didn't have it and get these got this huge football field, you know, and so i guess my question is how do we encourage not only the students to get interested in lieu of an active human exploration program beyond the lower orbit, but how do we bring that apollo interest in the stem that policy emigrated to kind of on autopilot basically. it just happened because everybody was interested in the program. young students wanted to get involved in engineering and science and math. we don't have this issue. so how do we get them involved or interested in pursuing those things with a visibility that they see the sports on tv and some of the other aspects of the society that aren't covered that

are more visible than the space program? >> i will start to answer that. i think there are two parts to the vacation. one of the keys is getting more kids interested in the field and getting them into those types of careers is very sobering, and that is we have to have policy changes that will make the kind of things happen in the classroom and outside of the classroom that will really make a difference. and so when i hear stories about schools that have tried to do these things on their own and have trouble, it's not the first time that i've heard that story. and i would say we do a very good job in our best high schools in the most affluent neighborhoods of dealing with the subjects. so when you launch a media report that it's a lot of times kids in white lab coats going to college before they were involved in the afterschool program or the engineering competition or others who were already in a direction ever

accelerating in that direction. i think there is another category of the stories that aren't being told as much about the struggling schools that also see the subjects are important. to see the jobs and the connections of the future but don't have the resources or the expertise to make that happen. and that's where the policy change that i started talking about at the beginning is going to have the biggest bang for the buck if those schools that will achieve that. but the other side is the inspirational piece. if a child is properly educated and has all of the right support in the school but they never see the other end of of the beijing committee never see asian committee never see the grand design if they can fit into or they never have them into worship experience. outside of the college-bound population into the field i think you can see this in the

residence of the astronauts of color and how young women relate to kenya last or not and that is something we have to take into account in the space industry. i would be thinking to myself i wonder if we can get get enough of these companies together and get a movie done about mars. wouldn't it be nice to have one every so often so people don't look at the outcome val kilmer. >> as i mentioned earlier we do the best we can with stem given the budget we have invited nasa does a great job of it. we are certainly out there doing everything we can. but as i said, i think we need

to leverage a few things. one is the upcoming events that we all need to take advantage of to get that out there. it is a topic of discussion on all the talk shows and such. the other is leveraging pop-culture and it's amazing when you look at the role models of the students especially the k-12, they look at the entertainment industry and it is amazing the leverage you can get out of that. and i'd still say that i would still say that astronauts are a big motivator for young kids. we need to do that and we are certainly talking to the folks about trying to get the crews assigned early and try to get more involvement in some of these events that i talked about coming up. the impact you can have when you bring the role models into play.

i have a couple of questions in the american competitiveness. how important do you all feel that the cost energy and cost disciplinary synergy between exploration technology and green technology and medical technology is in helping american competitiveness is what seems to me the way to get more involvement and more money is to understand that there's a very deep synergy between all of these fields and how do we organize the education to help maximize the perception of the synergy any thoughts on that?

>> it is a relatively new concept and certainly it's a term we need to spend more time trying to understand what its actual components are when you roll back the clock a little but six or seven years ago it was competitiveness with india and china. that's where they defined the future competitiveness but in some sense we are also competing among ourselves because when we talk about federal investments into the education system, real competitiveness when i hear that term i think about the ability of families to improve themselves one generation over another and doing that well is what makes us competitive in the rest of the world. and i think again when i talk about the issue of competitiveness, the biggest gain for the country in that

field is around the issue of equity. we talk about that being a huge advantage we have as a country because we have a tradition of trying to broaden the opportunity for all americans and the fields are tremendous if you believe that the brainpower are equally distributed across all different parts of the society then that is by far the biggest place we gain and that can inspire people for all to print backgrounds and that is part of the way that you open up the pipeline. but i think that's to get back to the first question about competitiveness i don't think we understand what being more competitive in the global economy means and that is a good place to start. >> i am not sure that we have the same definition of what it

is but as we approach the difficult problems and create new things and materials and processes that brings us to have a skill we didn't have before and that's one way to enhance competitiveness. the other is that it forces us to think of ways to make things more cost effective and adapt by its nature is forcing a number of companies now to look at the manufacturing process as the development process differently. so it is forcing them to be more competitive. and as we talked about with stem, having the mission like this in the steps it takes to make this real, if we do our jobs right and we provided inspiration to what this is, that will draw people into the

company's in the next generation that enhances the competitiveness of the companies by rejuvenating and bringing a different mindset as can say we tend to have an older workforce right now. and using that workforce with a number of large percentages of just out of college that will change the face of many of the companies that do very special things right now and make them stronger for the future. >> i would like to take that in a different. the technology that the doctor talked about in the manufacturing technologies and the kind of things we have to solve to do the mars mission will cause us all to be more competitive, but one of the things i've noticed in turn only is now that we are converging on the common goals it's amazing how far we've come over the last few years.

they do have some great ideas about to be contingency capabilities and support so that we can actually do these missions unlike when he mentioned some of the explorers in the past that didn't have that ability. but one thing i've noticed in our industry is that because we have a common goal now that while we are still competitive we are working closely together and so it creates a different kind of competitiveness and if you take that up to the global scale come of your not going to do the mission just in the u.s. alone. this will be an international mission. i believe that in my opinion. and so, when you take what we have realized here domestically working together towards the common goal i belief that eventually we will have a common goal and we are starting to see that through the global

expiration roadmap. they bring in their capabilities to the party on how we get to mars and i think that in itself will create kind of a different competitiveness than we traditionally think of. >> i would like to acknowledge the person that asked a question right before the question right before me. i was at a presentation at you gave at a local school that took over maryland recently on mars and his room was packed with standing room only. the first class was female students but it was a nice mix of both.

it's about maintaining that inspiration. the second thing i would like to use a whole country got excited as we know and that's that kind of passion is missing as we know that i think we can incentivize by using the steppingstone i think the suborbital space tourism could be a stepping stone to understanding what would like to be an astronaut and have more astronauts in the community that are the neighbors i gave a talk called a space tourism is the new higher education and it was a idea for fundraising like an indigo type of thing on the college campuses so that you can create your own varsity teams cross disciplinary that you vote for him to find the and find the people on your campus to go to space. so you can tell the middle

school and high school students go to the universities that have these astronaut diversity programs. so they can start thinking about college they want to go to and then those astronauts could come back can help inform the curriculum and help inform and communicate that vision to other people faster because you have more people growing up. the business right now for the tourism is the that tourism is the money. so we really need to help them create data should not be the barrier. why not get inspired at 18 when you're in state and media forget? >> from the robertson plant in north carolina i want you to speak to your audience out there on the internet and address this to the kids out there.

why would they invest the time and the energy to do the things we need to get into the stem profession lacks >> i was thinking about the audience classroom in the previous question because i do think there are an awful lot of packed classrooms when you talk about this particular topic. there are a bunch of different reason somebody would think about this as an opportunity. if i'm wearing my hat as a parent for a minute i will tell you that's because that is where you will get a good job and you will be a good citizen. if i'm wearing my entrepreneur had that is where you can make a name for your self nowadays because the last time i checked, the best selling ad was sold for $2 billion. so, that might take an afternoon's worth of work to create data that would be wonderful. but i would also say if you are

interested in where the future is going, that's also where the future is going in the sense that we do have a sort of interesting astronauts now. i was thinking about the movie gravity and the example that sandra bullock had in that movie but i also think that people can see those role models more frequently now than they could five or six years ago in terms of seeing the people that are using the technology as big ideas. so there are lots of images in the society that can promote that kind of awareness to kids. so it isn't just about getting a job and doing well. it's also about doing something interesting and fun is what most kids are looking for. >> mine question had to do more with international competitiveness and our own space industry. when are we going to reach the point we are not as heavily reliant on the heritage system for the space technology and

when we've reached that point do you think about while making huge difference in the rate that you are advancing into the direction that we take? >> i will take a stab at that. and i really think that they actually got that one pretty right this morning when they were talking. and the fact is going to mars is hard and very expensive. so we need to put those dollars where they will gain the most as far as the new technology that will require. so, the electric propulsion is one. the other piece that came up is going to mars is very risky. we have astronauts in orbit today that are literally meant away from the earth surface. it takes a little bit longer to jump into the spacecraft and come home but once they've done it, they are about 16 minutes from the earth surface.

realistically when we go to mars you are months and months away from getting back home if something fails and you don't have a backup alternative. so, understanding those systems is really, really critical. the other one that keeps coming up is the basic chemical propulsion that takes a lot so by looking into the areas that the electric propulsion i think is an area that we really now can be very, very competitive globally. once we develop that technology and as it was mentioned because a lot about locations that are very more so than just hoping to get humans to mars. you probably don't want them on the system at least for a long journey because it is kind of slow but for all of the others

staging of equipment and orbiters it is probably a great technology. >> when you start looking at having the adobe to take everything with you that you need including contingencies, it is hard the numbers just don't add up. so having the adobe to deploy things, that's what they do for you even though you have to send it ahead of time you can pre- deploy the assets and contingency capabilities so that you don't have to necessarily take everything with you. and i think that that is really enabling for some of the architectures we are talking about. not to mention the fact it also opens up commercial opportunities. >> i think the u.s. does have the leadership positions in some of these areas but if you look at them it is so broad to think

that we would lead every part of it is probably not practical. i think that we would look for those things that are most aligned with where that u.s. interests are and anybody that is a part of this is going to end up in the leadership in some aspect. >> do you see us relying on them anytime in the near future? at least for the next two weeks? >> my perspective is you look at economics both efficiently to get the payloads into orbit and in the u.s. we have a combination of rockets made right here in the u.s.. i'm sure that you've heard of

the issues with russia. what is going on in the space station right now where they are together. near as i can tell, that has been effectively or unaffected and if anything it helps to stabilize the relationships. >> if there is anything about the iss it's in our ability to work with international partners and that has worked out very well. we need to leverage that going forward in terms of the propulsion and we will have a combination of the foreign and u.s. provided engines. >> the only group i am currently the leader of is the matcher of washington. but a few years back i was also part of the governor's workforce investment board and maryland beating the committee dealing with among other things getting

people to come into the fields particularly in aerospace. some of the things i heard when i was a part of the workforce investment board, young people -- we are not talking a ten or 12-year-olds, we are talking about 19, 20, 22-year-olds are now serving two avoid stem fields for reasons such as very poor worklife balance and management in their fields. and also one of the things that's become very popular in the high iq groups is believe it or not homeschooling because we don't like things like common core and we are getting better results teaching on our own day and we are seeing in our schools. would anyone care to comment on this? are you doing anything to bring

these kind of problems to the attention of the people currently in the field? >> there are so many different dimensions to this. the point about at any given time the education certainly isn't a model in the sense that when i read the opinion pages about this issue is a constant back and forth over whether we have too many of this type of engineer and not enough of that type of scientist and that is healthy in the field because it isn't monolithic. we don't need all of the graduates and we don't train them all the same and i think that one of the skills that is still not a part of the mix that explains some of the trend you're talking about because what you do see in the field is a relatively high amount of turnover or leaving the field by the recent college graduates that thought that they were going to do x. y. and z. and they find out the field is not that. one of the ways to get at the challenge is to make sure that

those kids most commonly that don't stay within the field they don't have a person person or family that was involved in the field, they don't have a mentor should experience while they were along the way. the next is usually they didn't have the type of training and teams. those are things that are very hard. it's almost impossible to legislate but even harder to get out of the policy context because they are social skills and those are not things that we can expect standards or policies to address it directly, but i think the way that we address them is if you really make the stem a priority, and we hold that people who run the schools accountable for it, then we will figure out how to solve the challenges in the same way that we figure out what rocket system would get us to mars. ..

>> unless of more at east madison high school, and so i am really enjoying the talk so far. one of the things are mentioning is an appearance are where there are these opportunities in stem fields. the students not necessarily. have a bunch of friends you're interested in some fields.

i am one of the 110 to associate with people like that. they wonder if there are take place? what can i tell them that can inspire them to then and least have the thought of pursuing hint. >> i would say that if we talk about an endeavor like this, you can be a part of something that is unique, leave your mark, you know, and go work. if you're part of the space program he can be a part of something that changes humanity in generates a new product that no one ever dreamed of.

that is the kind of thing that is possible working in fields like this, space, or being a part of a mission like this. you have the and opportunity to work with a lot of other smart people who are motivated that way. i have had the benefit of doing that my whole career. it has been the best experience of my life. >> one thing i would saying, closing comment because the recession is coming to an end. wonder, you know, i am just guessing that a lot of you are following things like this on social media. one of the things that would be interesting challenge, there aren't off a lot of really cool people tweeting. if i were somebody of one of these companies susa really interesting project, that's a good way to get recognition.

it's also a potentially good way to raise money for your projects and school. >> thank you so much. >> thank you. great questions. >> a former nasa astronaut buzz aldrin talked about the possibility of human exploration of mars. part of the apollo 11 flight to the moon and details with the u.s. these to do to be a leader in space exploration. this is about an hour and 15 minutes. [applause] >> we sure have come a long way since the mars underground in boulder, colorado. and you still prompters, but

this is going to be free wheeling it today. i am going to try and do it briefly, if i can. if i run over, it is because you're not going to get lunch and i won't sell any more books. [laughter] side don't know which is going to keep me going. christina is now pregnant with the son. run to the next sequoya fan. this is perhaps a little bit more substantial. i like the word institute said.

it implies something that has some real need to. somebody said this is going to work well, maybe you can see that. the word permanence means a lot to me it did not hang around plymouth rock waiting for the return trip. permanence is not a settlement or colony. you can usually go there, look it over, come back, go, look it over, come back. permanence means people that go there which i might remind you,

the artist wants to bring back because there is nothing there. we have now rehearsed it. why would we want to bring people back corner purposes historical to establish permanence. i came up with the unifying says it subjects dealing primarily with human and robotic exploration that leases science development, commercial and everything else to take care of security. these same subjects are a part of another foundation on space policy evolving from the very early days of rockets, robert goddard, my father's physics professor at clark university on up through when we got involved

after sputnik and began our space program. we did some good things. we did some not so good things. it is going to take a google of. this very expected group of people that i am going to assemble, and it is called united strategic space enterprise. u.s.s. enterprise. and it will be looking at the same subjects of space policy. next, please. okay. this is 2009. i put this together for the artist in commissioned. i started trying to improve what

he did when the decision was made to do lunar orbitz. instead of reforming a rendezvous. what that really meant was a five instead of to produce some of that got lost in the discussion and in. i did some computer runs at mit. it was going to work anyway. so this is what i put together in out nine. call your attention to -- i cannot see what i'm pointing to flying once a year until now or beyond as necessary to keep a close. i don't show very much happening at the moon, but we can send

what turned out to be mars exploration vehicles to 01 and l 2. now, this does not show a whole bunch of of the things that happened except nasa does not land on the moon. that was quite clear to me. why spend a lot of time talking about what they're going to do. we could do a cycling or but with the spacecraft i know that is necessary not. i retort to mars because nasa did not seem too interested in improvements, lunar orbit rendezvous even if you were

doing it for reuse ability, not to land somebody on the surface but for tourism. flying by. coming back offline by the with. nasa didn't have any interest. so tom paine, the administrator of nasa a little bit before. quite a while afterward. he was writing his memoirs, being a submarine commander in world war ii and seven monica. i would of is a rather frequently. and i knew he was working on something. about every ten years and the people would be on the moon. at cab going privateers. he got picked to do the study pioneering the space frontier.

reveille the best study of the future that is really ever been done. he said to me, don't get so discouraged about your earth and moon cycling orbit. look at mars. oh, my god. that is difficult. so i got mine that cannot. the envelope. and see things around the earth. not so much from them run their boeing two planets around the sun. so it really wasn't too difficult to, with the cycling more but between turf and marsh. notice that we fly what i would call kerf mars exploration vehicles. very complicated. solar electric propulsion

exploration that's all you need near earth activities. you attach a lender. the book you will be buying snack after this lecture, david said what the hell does this cycle look like. well, i responded to a popular mechanics a couple of years ago. why don't we take this mars exploration module and put to of india.

so amusing three tripper redundancies. are standardizing on a mars exploration vehicle and an exploration module that will probably be landed on the marin and mars. when president obamacare ivans said says about the moon been there done that come when he did not get it from me even know i hester ride on air force one. i would never have said that to a group of five fortune people. and it would have been in jest. you don't just ignore it. you just all spend a lot of money. leave, long way.

but if we are going to develop a mars exploration vehicle and eventually put some people for a year-and-a-half we better really prove its reliability. and that is why i have to * and another comment. so when the president came out and said let's send a human mission to an asterisk and 225i knew just what he meant. so now the scientists and nasa didn't quite see it the way. what the hell good is in the human to an asterisk? you can only stay there 20 of 30 days. he can't really do all that much. we have to have robots there. well, i don't care whether you swim direct comment, cressy upper stage into the,.

this is public-relations we're dealing with. you have to go to something out there and check out the spacecraft. us go to the next one. wait a minute. and use the aiden pack trips. i did not stop using the seidler and so going to mars. when i get into redoing this some other things have happened. the professor who had been edgy plo when i first came up with the idea and so when they

verified that the work. and i will show you kind of our works. it put a competition into it. since he can go to mars every 26 johnson, earth approaches. and that's about the times you want to make a transfer. or if you want to leave mars. so every 26 months mars makes one revolution. here it is ahead. beard makes too. everybody knows them. let's see. the next slide please here is what is known as the aldrin's eichler. if i leave earth anyone i come

around in advance we get to mars . even the approached. it's pretty high. so i started looking. maybe there is another way i checked it out. they said : no, it won't work. there's only one way to make a cycling or bit. we began calling it the aldrin's

sackler said. now, this is a doom sonata recycler. a little bit harder to see, but from earth one and makes the transfer. then it's in an orbit twice. comes back here to 83. goes around. then it comes back to make the next 52 months later. and the velocity, as you will see. it doesn't go out of mars or a very much at all and we have to passages. we have a time lapse is socs her

radioed this and spot one astronomical unit. find its way down here. 152. this is circular. not the old sweat accuracy. now, mars goes around here above . chris goes around here. of course earth is moving faster . airlines up. these wars lines i times when mars and ours on opposite sides of the sun. and then between this line is one we can make a transfer from earth to mars. we can kind of forget about this

until we get down hearing a lot. so in passage. concur that in with the secular which does one. it goes by the earth's orbit. right here. the high energy orbit. so if i look at this distance look at the two sectors, one in green and one in black and i only look at this year-and-a-half and then look of this one and this one i can arrange my missions according to the transfer. next slide.

just a little bit ago. review what we were doing, going to and from. ready to come back with. then you go and get there. everything you need to get there. then me come back. and decided that the cycling orbitz, you better start putting the cycling orbitz and a little bit earlier. we are going to do that. in the next line and dundee are not going anywhere on this line. but the first number one we have things at the iss until 2020.

now assaulted 24. next a test of long duration life-support. next slide. now we're going to show nasa's mission to visit el two endo one and come back about. he as a novelist that there is a better way to look at an asterisk and to go about number rock back and look at it. at the same time it is the first mission. says todd get to that in a minute. and then next will show next.

now we will send a mars exploration vehicle to the chinese position. you will see in the later improvement with color pencil drawings that what i am doing, the chinese orders but to other inflatable and rigid and put an end to get their instead of putting them at the iss. we may be running out of ports, iss. in the same orbit. the same inclination. they're not going to run into each other. ways of ensuring that one happen i think that the 30 or 40 to

43 degrees for chinese or rich, it just brings us together with china which i will talk about a little bit later. and it promotes an opportunity for china to a year from this july is 2015. the cold war was going on. 1975. these two nations decided to do a joint mission. i don't think anyone will look back and say was a bad thing to do. why wouldn't it be a good idea to rethink and bring the chinese to the is us? that way we can kind of cut cut some opposition above the

hemisphere activities, science, commercial, above the up as your that is our air going to cooperate. none of this reconnaissance, secret reconnaissance ballistic missile destroying some bizarre stuff. it is above the atmosphere, so does not involve the guidance for icbm some. next now are wrong to do our robotic mission to an asteroid. what the president said during 2025. okay. now in about six months we can accrue. now, we built this robot to last a long time perry did is going

to us do some delicate things in we're trying to have a crew of their woes number of days. another science guy. the science guy for resources. they build the robot and the zero tom blanton much better than * retrieval. don't know how you'd feel about that. there are some other things. next, we are going to send a crew to l2. the mars exploration vehicle. the test out the exploration vehicle and have an iran that goes along with it.

decide to do what men intended. other scientists. robotic car commercial, science missions on the surface as shown here. rekindle the elder mars and tennant robotic clean. we can most important the optics landed, landed amid exploration module also we would get them to work with our design and bring

in the other countries. i don't have a schematic of exploration modules in the immobile when you tie in together each one -- all of them have poured some 90 degrees to each other for standardization. you can ban the connections 15 degrees. two countries can go here in here and 90 degrees and international air base. they're only interested in one nation. faugh crest who then it occurred to me also that we want to cooperate with china. want to lead china because we

know more rothman and they do. we want to help them. so where want to help the other nations with 01 and held two. glides want to build a base on the front side the put a module down. it's on the lender. you have a flat bed and the rover. two of them eventually. you go over and you put the module off the lender, put it where you want it. the knicks won lands conduct a much loved, bring in over the next one. it's not like zero gravity where you bring something together with real find attitude control.

this is a gravity field. uneven terrain. so you're flat bed bring something together. you have to have an account controlled bring standardize talking. that is what the u.s. does to all the modules built by other people. we are responsible for the high technology bringing together of somebody else modules. why would we do that? we can practice all the stuff. the big island of hawaii. the program called pisces. and then knowing how plan to do that on the men we can do that on mars. nellie had to know how to do

delicate things bogus goods ran her at about "what doesn't. it should be a little bit easier . should be easy to keep track of where the landing site is. anyway, this slide shows and next will show someone. now, what i have not shown here is this to were going on than that. we have the un mission, about six months after the * is there for a few days and then goes back. makes a pretty deceitful time friend. not everyone will be on schedule to do these things. as those are manned initially we

will send them up there and bring the first crew back down again. or maybe commercial time at is a lot of launches. okay. after move on. next please. now we're going to put an unmanned facility with the mars exploration vehicle committed next. well i am going to show that we are sending an exploration module up with the crane and so forth. next. and we're going to send to more exploration modules. three of them together.

send them up there. somebody else gets them there. we bring them together. but we help them design and stuff. next bahau. now, this is a staging orbit. it is the center fifth went the ferocity. instead of messing up the chart and the shelling, the staging orbit. next. okay. now we're going to begin to build a facility and it is going

to unmanned lender. now i and my latest scheme where going to build up the confidence . it will make an unmanned landings. you notice, i have a question earlier about what we send to mars. well, we send to rockets, the staging area. and they have similar rockets the put them together so that we can separate them if one of them fails. put older module on both of them.

and so this is an unmanned. the next one is going to be manned. but we are going to send a return ship pier. mars exploration vehicle. and then next is the conrad site color. this is bringing the unmanned back with mars exploration vehicle and a lunar mars lander. this does not show all lot of detail. we will show that a little bit later. let's get to the manned -- that is unman return. move on. maned delivery. and as it gets up to mars it

is going to land off the secular, not into orbit, but it is going to come in with a secular and the part recycler and go right to the landing site. that is, how we're going to end up doing it. this does it on manned. and now we got another going up there. next we have a return capability and another sector. and during the first crew back. here we are on manned return three people. next -- okay. now we go up. recyclers. and this is the third one. and we have had a lot of things landed by internationals, which you will seal little later, i hope. this one is going to stay

there. again, it drops and on and lander. then it stays there. does not come back. next it is going to catch the next cycle of double and six people. land three from year with no more about what they could put together than anyone else. they get there a week before, a couple days before this eichler comes in with six. next. next cycle -- now, there are a few things that are not quite right with this. how do we test the lender from birth or marriage? mars lander from earth orbit? how do we tested from lunar orbit and how do we tested for mars return on man? i have another slide that

indicates the crudeness homeland doing now. if we could put this photograph -- okay. now, this looks kind of messy, but we are going to convert that to the same sort of thing. we are going to have one, to manned missions. they're both going to come back. and then this is the last one with the people going out. well, before people get on this cycle here i want to demonstrate the landing here with the mars lander before these people get on the cycle to get there. so they are convinced that this is going to work. now, here is the lender from

ruth orbit. this is the test from lunar orbit. and you see it is kind of busy in there. we are sending a lot of different things, of flat bed, the axes are the expiration modules. i optimistically showed. that is triply redundant. again, the toolbar transferred to people from one lender to the other

think that's about all of going to show to this recent handiwork with mike palin gunsels and such. while you're looking at that there are six things that the president needs to adopt this second term of his office. and i want the congress and some the 0s t page to know but these things and it's time so that when the 45th anniversary comes along you to talk about these six things u.s.-china relationships science. they're going to land before we do point they will decide which. we will help build the base.

we are going to do things to help them and everybody else by doing things their at the above and helpless assembled robotic things from l1 and l 2. number two is, what are our relations? well, we have sort of seen in in my opinion. we don't -- been there done that and we don't have a full-blown. we really have to come up with some kind of about statement based on the study that says. not going to do nothing. we're going to do something in between. now, the next is * retrieval i sure do not think bringing iraq back is better than taking a human mission to an asteroid. but send their robots their

first so that the to get there at the same time. while we are talking about * of planetary defense is not a nasa mission. it should be at the very highest level, national security council to some big planet destroyer country city destroyer. last i heard nasa does not have any of those. so we have to get together at the highest level with the u.n. and all the other nations that have that capability. so if you paid attention, that's number five. prominence at mars. we can't have people studying ways to get to mars and bring it back. we need something like a man corporation study of all the aspects command then we decide that we are going to build up things for the guys go down as well checked out

as possible to landed by internationals and if he was press. nasa does to a few of these things. a don't want to gloss over. i did want to get those six items out. they are very important. the president needs to know about. we need to present those six items to the american people . next. okay. july 20th to 19. i am going to be alive. i am going to really push for nylon and maybe even before to see that anniversaries are appropriately honor of to and including the 50th and beyond. the president can make this statement. the believe that this nation

should commit itself to achieving within two decades an american-led international prominence on the planet mars. all you have to do is think a little bit. what will it be like thousands of years from now the one individual, one leader on this earth after the earth has had humanity go through its own evolution now says we're going to begin permanence. that is the legacy that will last in history for very long time. many to convince people of doing that. maybe i will retire. a kind of doubt it. a lot of school diving places. and a lot of people who think this is an egghead idea. well, i got to hang around and spartan them up.

anyway, that's the way i feel. real high in real heavy. i don't believe we really need heritage built components designed by the senate originated in the 1970's improved a little bit with failures. i think we can modify what we have and come up with degrees every usability. i remember in 1970i went to hunts will because i was kind of excess baggage because i was leaving as soon as my kids or a school.

the school you never even gone through. not sure where was. somebody will ask a quick question. if you don't maybe you can come to the line 07 books to give up parts he launched. and just open the door to what i think we can really do with much of a spacecraft and probably not much of an improvement. adelle to four heavy with new engines. reusable less boosting it or

space x falcon heavy. i am not going to lead the charge against congress and marshall. our main gate of the people to help me do that. assigned to get off the stage. [applause] kinky. thank you very much. [applause] >> here is a look at some of our prime time programming across the c-span network. tonight on c-span that it:00 eastern the second circuit court of appeals oral argument. the case the aclu verses clapper which deals with an essay surveillance programs. coming up on c-span2 at 8:00 eastern more book tv. we will look at books on modern presidents.

and american history tv with the focus on more of 1812, the battle a blaze in spurt in the burning of washington turning to the electoral politics, live coverage of a division of its wing candid it's to be north carolina's next senator incumbent democrat kay hagen facing republican thomas gillis. you can once live coverage of that wednesday at 7:00 p.m. eastern on c-span. and we have more thursday with the california governor's debate current governor jerry brown is being challenged republican the oca scary. watch live at 10:00 p.m. eastern also on c-span. >> here's a look at some of our programming this week on the c-span network's. on c-span tonight at 8:00 p.m. eastern oral argument in the casein aclu verses clapper, the second circuit court of appeals here in cellist of the national security agency from program. wednesday at 7:00 p.m. live coverage of the debate

between k hagen into angeles. then at 8:00 a senate hearing and sexual assault and college campuses. there's an added:00 the senate agricultural committee looks and the school lunch nutrition. and it 10:00 p.m. eastern live coverage of the california governor's today between incumbent jerry brown and challenger neil m. scarry. elizabeth drew talks about her 1975 book washington journal about the news coverage of watergate. wednesday night. describing her efforts to get a license to own land and in washington d.c. and american history tv tonight at 8:00 p.m. eastern historians discuss the battle of blades byrd and the burning of washington

and the war of 1812. wednesday live coverage beginning at 1:00 p.m. of the symposium marking the 200th anniversary of the war. live coverage continues all day thursday beginning and a 30:00 a.m. find our television schedule at c-span.org. let us know what you think about the programs you're watching. call us. twitter. or e-mail us. join the conversation, like us on facebook, follows on twitter. the environmental protection agency held the first of series of their active of hearings. the plan includes cutting carbon pollution from existing fossil fuel power plants, the largest source of carbon pollution and the u.s. the hearings were held in washington d.c., atlanta, denver, pittsburgh to public, but for the plan

takes full effect in 2030. state plans are due in 2016. next the first part of the daylong hearing. this is about three hours and ten minutes. >> the largest source of carbon pollution and the united states accounting for nearly one-third of all domestic greenhouse gas emissions. the first is the proposed clean power plant. this proposal consists of two main parts guidelines tell states develop their plans for meeting those goals. this proposal give states flexibility in determining how. states will choose what goes into their plan and how they will achieve reductions and meet their goals.

the second rule we will your testimony today on is epa's proposed rule to address carbon backside emission is to modify power plants. this would set emission limits for two groups of power plants. those that make physical or operational changes that increase the plant's maximum achievable outwardly rated emissions and those that replace components to such an extent that the new components exceed 50% of the total capital costs of an entirely new comparable facility. if you would like more details on either of these proposed rules. today's hearing is one of four public hearings across the country this week on the two proposed rules. we have had tremendous interest in each of the hearings. i wanted thank you for taking time out of your day today to join us and share your comments.

we have a lot of people signed up to speak today and want to hear from all of them. before we get started and we will go through just a few housekeeping items and ground rules that will help make the day's hearing run smoothly. first, please be sure that you have checked in at their registration desk even if you are not planning to speak. if you signed up to speak on liner by phone but have not told us you are here please step up to the registration desk and that the epa staff there know that you have arrived. second, if you are a speaker you were given a room weather when you checked in. either run a or b. this is renee. if you are looking for be this would be a good time to switch. it is right across all. all right. here is how today's hearing will work. i will call up the speakers in paris. when your name is called please come to the table in front of the right here. i will try to extent that i have cards ahead of time to

give people a heads above was on beckham of will be coming assuredly so he can be prepared to know you're coming in shortly. when i call on you to speak please stay in name and the organization you're speaking on behalf of or part of and spell it for the court reporter. your comment will be transcribed end included in the record of comments on the proposal. each speaker of the five met stiff, was up was what -- how much time you have left to speak. our timekeeper over here to my right and it turns from green to yellow that means you have one minute left. when it turns red that is the signals are rapidly tustin. it will flash red and beat lenya spoken for five minutes and it is time to stop. i would also encourage anybody if they come to the conclusion of the test model for five minutes, that is okay. we do not give extra credit

for talking more. brevity is always appreciated. please feel free to make the point that you want. did not feel bad if your life has not turned red get when you finish. when you're finished speaking please wait at the table until the person next to has completed his or her testimony. and i will call up the next mayor. we are here today to listen to you, and that is the primary focus. either joe or dicaprio or a may possibly asking questions to clarify,. if you brought a written copy of your testimony please give that to the staff to get the registration desk before you leave. because of the large number of people assigned to speak today and we did have people sign up for all of the available slots. we expected to be busy throughout the entire day and to be sure that we are fair to everyone we're going to strictly enforce the five minute limit. the panel is going to be

here anyway but we really want to make sure the people who are waiting to testify have their chance. we appreciate everybody in wrapping up their time limit if you have additional comments you can make them in writing. let me assure you, we give just as much consideration to come as the we received in writing as those receiving the public hearings like this one. he had more than you would like to say please do submitted. there is still plenty of time to give written comments in after today, and there will be, cards available at the registration desk. taking comments until october 16 of this year. we will put written comments submitted today in the official documents for the proposed rule. instructions for submitting written comments are in other ways are available at the material tabled the registration desk. we are scheduled to go until 8:00 p.m. tonight. we will take a lunch and dinner break so that everyone can is something to

eat. those scheduled from noon to one and 56. can in addition we may take an occasional break throughout the day. we will keep you posted. if you have any questions please see the staff at the registration desk or anybody with one of these handy dandy expensive name tags. the epa staff for wearing.

>> thank you very much. i think the panel for this opportunity. my name is how quaint. qui in income of president and chief of the national mining association. the national mining association is the national association of domestic mining industry produces coal and uranium. they also produce the metals and minerals essential for every segment of our society. ..

matters whenever he coalminer loses his or her job, every american loses energy and economic security and perhaps their jobs depend on low-cost reliable electricity. epa's proposal is based on a complex web of assumptions, many implausible or future energy demand, dramatic shifts in generation sources come adding more intermittent sources for generations of reducing energy use. each assumption is that epa calls a building block rests upon a weak foundation. but they mention a few. increased efficiency of coal-based power plants. epa assumes the deployment of recommended operation and maintenance practices. for all services these already retain and take ways to make the power plants more economical and more profitable. at the same time rules require expensive retrofit the existing plant to make them less

efficient in the pleasant proposal brunner produces suboptimal levels which in turn will also make them less efficient. building block number to read dispatching: natural gas power plants. epa since natural gas power plant came around 70%. there is no evidence these consisting generation at this high level. epa's assumption appears to be based upon plug-in into a model one well above those we see in current trading schemes. rather than analysis of technical capabilities of the plants or gas delivery system. moreover a cpa acknowledges the least attempts i got between the amount of natural gas needed to sustain this assumption in the current natural gas pipeline delivery system. other block number three increased deployment of intermittent generation sources. the growth of renewable generation is dependent upon per minute, financing, accessing technical challenges posed by immigration of intermittent

electricity services into the grid. we've not seen any indication of how epa is taking this into account. finally building block number four, the assumption of the 1.5% growth in energy efficiency year-over-year packs an incredible piece is pure potential energy savings declined significantly after technological breakthrough. epa does not identify any basis in the 1.5% growth and efficiency in such breakthroughs are not available during the tenure. for achieving the proposed mission targets. every spelling block places additional pressure it takes epa's plan from implausible to be impossible. epa provides flexibility to meet the targets. however the proposal places them into a straitjacket at the outset with each adjustment more painful economically and more risky for system reliability. the real flexibility to maintain a diverse reliable generation or

the citizens economic and energy security. the value to stability and power stability and power scanner prizes is missing in action in this proposal. this past winter provided a clear warning our power systems close to the edge of breaking an additional retirements induced by epa rules will push us over the edge. businesses and families pay unprecedented high prices for electricity and saw their home heating bill spike is natural gas prices climb with competing demand among power plants, fact reason households. coal-based power plants have 92% of the demand for power this winter. what will happen if we experience another winter next year with year after when many plants are closed due to epa's rules. analysis for sure and buy the analysis shows wholesale power prices will rise 27255% across regions of the country. businesses and households pay

$35 billion more for natural gas. the other consequences of poorly defined policies and the reason why epa's assessment of the economic impacts of the rules spark confidence. after epa reject to rules have less than 5000 megawatts of power capacity to close an eye for turns out will likely be 10 to 12 times more indexes all before the current proposal for carbon dioxide. epa's presentation has generated many thoughtful questions but in our view few if any definitive answers about how the rule can actually work. however, one inescapable fact, the cost and risk are real and the benefits are not. epa expects far too much when asked governors for the resident economic and energy security at grave risk from a surrender control of electricity and energy supply infrastructure and forfeit their faithful potential growth. thank you. >> thank you area much. you ever written copy of your

statement? >> i do. >> repeated next speaker is murky on paul. on deck are paul cco. >> rate, thank you. but to be here and appreciate your having a session as well as the session around the country. i'm the executive earth of environmental america, 29 advocacy groups with members and supporters across the country. margie alt, alt. we been talking to folks about this issue and really trying to understand the impacts of climate change on our family fan on the planet and to that end have been distributing over a million pieces of literature to folks across the country helping to connect dots between extreme weather and carbon pollution and what epa is putting out so i'm

here today in strong support of the clean power plant. recently climate change has become personal for me. just a couple weeks ago i got back from a trip i took to alaska and would seem to me at the romantic rainstorm dropping down on our cabin turn into a 20 or 30 year flood that hadn't been seen in years past year the little creek flooded the road was impassable because of a mudslide and we ended up having to be evacuated by the national park service, which did a great job, by the way. good work to your colleagues idea why. and it's not just at the national park is being flooded. the glaciers in glacier bay national park are now 95% in recession and not just in alaska. a few of the lower 48 is filed with the wildfires happening.

as we speak in washington and oregon are two years ago on the east coast the impacts of hurricanes sandy, which also affected me and my family for up in long beach, new york on the south shore of long island. the boardwalk leads to go to totally devastated by the hurricane has since been rebuilt and a brother who lives a few miles away has just finished redoing his house from the destruction of the storm and just buying a second car, also growing in hurricanes sandy. so from my perspective and that of our members, global warming is no longer a problem of the distant future where people far away. it is here, it's now, happening to me, happening to all americans. there are headlines every day that remind us we need to do some being end do it now. i am so appreciative of the work he epa is doing to keep pollution from power plants. power plants are the single

largest source of more than 40% of the nation's production of carbon pollution. our research shows the dirtiest 50 plants in the country actually met more carbon than all but six countries in the world. states around the country already moving to take action to clean up or shut down the dirtiest plants. we were excited to support and implement california's global warming solutions act which is projected a 780 lives by 2020. since the regional greenhouse gas initiative went into effect, global warming pollution from power plants on the east coast have fallen by 30% in new tighter than it has cut carbon pollution even further. at the same time, the program has added $2 billion to the regional economy and locked in more than $1 billion in savings on energy bills for each coast

consumers. so it's time to stop listening to the naysayers and instead to start learning myself on state success stories. states that produce global warming pollution and warming pollution and the life of saint john in more and more lights are powered by clean renewable energy. as we generate more power, each watt of energy is going further. states are also becoming more and more efficient. we have renewable standards. strong solar power in minnesota and massachusetts and more madness by environment america strongly support the single largest step the u.s. has taken to tackle global warming, but it is only a start. we've come a long way, but our work is far from done. if were to say about the worst impacts of global warming to lead the world, america needs to cut global warming pollution 80% by 2015, at minimum to at

minimum to be the president's commitment to% reduction by 2020. the good news is we are on track. we can make a difference. we have made a difference and i hope we will continue to make a difference through the clean power plants. we've got a lot of work yet to do that we leadership from the state and the obama administration combined with strong public support we believe we'll get there. thank you so much. >> thank you very much. next panelist is paul cco and then true that an orchard. it's a bit of a shot for you guys with a single microphone. if you can pull it closer, everyone will be able to hear you. >> good morning. my name is paul cicio, cicio

through the trade association with annual sales, the companies that 1 trillion annual sales in more than 1.4 million employees. the company is iraq the center energy intensive trade exposed. they compete with companies around the world whose competitiveness is largely dependent upon the price of natural gas and electricity. for these companies, relatively small increases in the cost of energy can have relatively significant impact on the competitiveness of their ability to create jobs and exploits. energy intensive industries consume over 81% of the energy of the entire manufacturing factor. examples include chemicals, plastics, steel, aluminum, glass products, paper, food processing. they produce everything in the u.s. that all consumers use in

daily life. our epa companies support responsible cost effective action to address climate change. in fact, industrial sector is the only factor the entire u.s. economy whose emissions are less than they were in 1973. however, unilateral climate action by the u.s. that results in increased energy caused can disadvantage our manufacturers, damage competitiveness and result in job losses. the u.s. cannot go it alone and expect that our actions will have meaningful climate impact in a world economy that is using more coal and more fossil fuels every day. for example, the epa says the proposed rule would reduce 730 million metric tons of carbon by 2030. china increased nearly that amount in one year from 2010 to

2011, china's co2 emissions rose by 705 in times. we are competing with those chinese companies. the key message that we want to deliver is we are very worried that the rule would substantially increase electricity and natural gas costs and increase reliability problems, putting the manufacturing sector at risk, paying jobs of relatively small local climate impact. the rule is substantially reduce the use of coal-fired generation, coal file generation is low cost and is reliable. importantly, coal competes with gas, natural gas on etu basis that helps keep electricity costs low. the rule but increased dependency on natural gas for generation. natural gas is delivered in real-time, not stockpiled by poor in the winter of 2014

demonstrates how overreliance on natural gas generation natural gas generation lead to liability issues and gas transportation and elect to receive deliverability and with spiking prices for both natural gas and electricity. the ruling also increase the line on renewable energy. renewable energy can be very expensive and is also unreliable. our manufacturing facilities run 24 hours a day, seven days a week. reliability is critical. good reliability problems lead to electricity manufacturing facilities. these curtailments can cost small manufacturers tend to thousands of dollars a day of large manufacturing companies tens of millions of dollars a day. this is specially troublesome during peak demand periods. electrical outages can damage if not the equipment we use to manufacturers in the product itself.

most important way, reliability is an important safety issue for our employees. importantly, all regulatory and energy costs of this rule will be passed on to last, the consumer. we are the ones that are going to pay for this rule. great concerns the greenhouse gas was one of several recent epa rules that impose costs in these costs are added to an increase in our electricity prices. according to the epa the greenhouse gas ruble increased industrial electricity prices by $2.2 billion each year a total of $37 billion by 2030. when added to the ae 02014 electricity forecast for industrial prices, prices will rise 154% by 2030. this means from 2013 to 2030, a 17 year period, we can expect an

average increase in electricity prices of 9.1% per year. that is in contrast to the last 13 year period where we only saw prices increased 2.8% per year. on natural gas epa estimate is prices will increase up to 12% and when added to the forecast, the price of natural gas is forecasted to rise 164% by 2030. significant, very significant. electricity and natural gas prices rise, manufacturers lose the ability to compete them will be forced to move offshore. ladies and gentlemen, that is what happens in 2000 to 2008 because of high natural gas prices. we shot down over 40,000 manufacturing facilities in the last 3 million manufacturing jobs and when this happens, both good paying jobs in the greenhouse gas initiative move

offshore. this is referred to as carbon leakage. worsening energy intensive manufacturing companies offshore to get that higher energy costs and compost is nothing environmentally and damages the domestic economy and employment. for this reason, energy intensive industries that minimum would need carbon allowances and border adjustments to prevent greenhouse gas leakage. we urge the epa to acknowledge the reality is just as the waxman-markey bill did, just as the e.u. etf that in the state of california. it is for this reason we request the epa perform a carbon leakage analysis to assess the impact on their industries. any carbon leakage caused to be dead from the epa benefit calculations. because the proposed rule regulates greenhouse gas emissions outside the fan, it sets an impossible press event for future regulation of

greenhouse gases per lecture and sector. the rules press require greenhouse gas and not that arab what we could use to through manufacturing technology equipment and practices and be required to accept response ability to achieve higher greenhouse gas reductions by reducing emissions outside of the line. our customers are up over the world and not just in the u.s. this regulation imposes costs that our global competitors would not have. thank you for considering. the night thank you very much for your testimony. our next speaker -- [inaudible] on deck is reverend codes and also there obuchi. >> good morning. my name is anne per chart,

brechard. i am from annapolis maryland. i thank you for the opportunity to speak in favor of the clean power plants and carbon will. my city and annapolis has been around for over 300 years. like most other societies, it's in danger from rising sea level stew to climate change. just yesterday, july 28th -- is that feed that i -- is that my voice? >> now. >> okay, it's not me. should i continue? just yesterday, july 28th, posted on its website, a summary of its technical report entitled sealevel rise and flood frequency around the united

states. by the way, flooding often results in flooded basements, both closures and compromised infrastructure. they are in the report at the top of the list was annapolis, maryland with an increase in flood gates of 925% over a 50 year period. from 1957 to 1963, the average number of flood days in a year was 3.8. from 2007 to 2013, the number of flood days as recruiting 9.3. that is approximately one out of nine days. in d.c., the number of flood days increase from six-point rooney to 29.7 days a year or 373 please. coastal flood warning is becoming a frequent part of our weather forecast. we no longer need storms or

hurricanes to produce flooding. this is becoming an everyday occurrence. by spending millions of dollars, we can attempt to protect our most valuable real estate through engineering. water will seek a level and lives will be lost. many farmers, farms and towns that our beloved eastern shore of the chesapeake bay would he underwater. the cost of sealevel rise mitigation and lost in a gated property to be considered when calculating the cost benefit ratio curbing our carbon emissions, who is going to pay for the farms lost, for that house is now underwater. i am grateful the epa is taking action to reduce carbon output to its power plants. it is reasonable and achievable. many states are almost there. i asked at the epa strengths and standards and sizes

energy-efficient venus of renewable source. thank you. >> thank you very much. reverend coates. and sarah gucci. >> good morning. good morning and thank you for the opportunity to share. i name is delta to a is delta do you ask her out and about a pastor out anabaptist church in clinton, maryland. because i am a pastor, some i understand that i've nothing to add to the conversation about i'm a change environmental justice. however, i have made it a point to stress to my congregate in my belief that people of faith have

a moral obligation to be good stewards of the earth, to care for the environment and to protect future generations by addressing the effects of climate change and carbon pollution. the issue of environmental justice is particularly important to me because it's pastor of a predominately african-american congregation, i am sensitive to the fact that people of color and low-income communities suffer disproportionately or environmentally related health issues, including asthma, bronchitis and other respiratory ailments. countless university study concluded that climate change and carbon pollution severely undermine the health of nerdy communities. issues of class compounds these disparities as lower income family of who are already predisposed to higher health risks are also often living to the source is those carbon pollution which is threatening

the health of citizens all across the country. this is not some problem out there for another generation. it affects us right here. power plants and other industrial facilities in the area emitted more than 450,000 metric tons of carbon pollution in 2011. that is equal to the yearly pollution for more than 95,000 cars. these industrial facilities are harming our economy and our health. there are members of my congregation who suffer from environmentally induced illnesses. they are elderly parishioners burdened by declining health, battling chronic illnesses such as when does these, cardiovascular disease and high blood pressure, which are only made worse by carbon pollution and climate change. they are widows and widowers who have lost loved ones due to

industrially produce respiratory diseases. sadly, many of these individuals have also done people. children whose quality of life has been diminished by industrially produced air pollutants. in scripture, we are given a clear mandate to care for widows, orphans, the elderly and those in distress. in the gospels, jesus bids his followers to give attention to the needs of the poor, especially children. for this reason, i have pledged my support to the clean power plant because it attempts to correct for the abuses of former generations so that people, especially our children can live and grow in a cleaner, safer world than the one we are on track to leave them. we need to clean power plant.

the federal environmental policy that provides state the flexibility they need to develop customized plans will keep our energy affordable and reliable while ensuring our children have clean air to breathe. thank you. >> thank you. step three. >> my name is sarah. you have the pronunciation right. that is bucci. i am campaign director with environment and i am here from richmond virginia, speaking on behalf of myself and the 25,000 members and supporters across the common law that we represent. in virginia, the consequences of global warming are clear and present. the recent national climate assessment pointed to the impacts that we are already feeling for more extreme and severe storms, agricultural

troubles to rising seas and storm surges that put our communities at risk. cantin road is the second-most vulnerable reach into sealevel rise in the entire country. that is something that city and regional planners in the area, the u.s. military and local residents can tell you. and increased temperatures also mean more unhealthy air days at risk for asthma attacks and respiratory disease. as a resident of richmond, an area named the asthma capital of the country for many years, that is very important to me. scientists are clear that unless we act now to reduce the pollution that is fueling global warming, most importantly carbon dioxide, things will only get worse for children that we won't be able to turn back. we support the clean power plants. we believe clean power plant is

an important step in support finalization of the strongest possible plant to cut carbon pollution. power plants are the largest single source of u.s. carbon pollution we must move quickly to limit carbon from olfactory sensors is, power plants are our best opportunity in the near term to make rheumatic reductions in carbon. virginia's power plants contribute to 34.4% of our state's carbon pollution in this plan would clean up our power plants by 31%. environments virginia a plot pa for responding to the urgent need to protect public health and our children's future iranian and unlimited carbon pollution. we are not alone. over 150,000 public comments have been submitted by virginians in support of limiting carbon pollution in over 60 local and state elected

officials, over 100 small-business owners have endorsed the president's climate action plan and the epa proposal. public opinion polling shows the majority of virginians support the epa, taking action on climate and to limit pollution from power plants. so the people are behind you and given the scope of the problem in the urgent need to act, we can do even better by harnessing the power of clean energy. virginia and the utilities operating in our state are far behind her neighboring states in developing a clean energy industry. our neighbor to the south north, carolina has sol 385 mikasa powerball virginia has only about 15 to 18 megawatts of solar installed by homeowners and colleges, the military and others. but we have