position where if we put these last two pieces together, people are going to continue to be coming home. you know, we don't hear -- when's the last time you heard the word "outsourcing"? we went through a whole generation where all we talked about was outsourcing. and we had great political fights about whether or not we should interfere. you know, legitimate philosophic disagreements. now we're going to be fighting about insourcing. what do we do about it? because folks are coming home. a.t. carney report, largest -- i think it's 500 industrialists they do worldwide, america is the best place to invest in the world by a margin larger than any time since they have kept statistics in every category. from manufacturing, every single category.

boston consulting group is not the only one, but does a survey every year of those who invest in china. companies who invest in china, 54% this year they ask the same question every year, what are your plans for next year? we're considering coming home. so, folks, there's going to be great, great opportunity if we're smart. but we've got to do two things. we've got to do two things. and, again, they shouldn't be difficult except anywhere in the world but this town. and that is, infrastructure and have the most highly skilled work force in the world. and that's where the urban alliance comes in. your private sector partners are key to the second point, building a skilled work force. even when the economy's doing well in the '90s, you understood the urban alliance, that young people were still twice as likely to be unemployed as the overall population. young black men were four times as likely to be unemployed.

and young hispanics were three times as likely to be unemployed. then along came that god awful recession that decimated opportunities for everybody initially, but particularly for young people. unemployment rate among young people ages 16-19 increased nearly 70%. from 2007 to 2009 it went from 16 to 26.8%. during that same period, the unemployment rate for young people 20-24 increased 80% from 8.7 to 15.8%. and even as the economy recovers, it's estimated that 6.7 young people ages 16-24 are not going to be able to obtain the skills and work e appearance they -- experience they need to you can seed because they're neither -- succeed because they're neither in school, nor in a job. you know, to use that old expression this isn't rocket science, it's the foundation you

have surely impacts on disproportionately the prospects you have. and so when you're in a situation where you are neither in school nor have a job at that critical moment in your life, it's, it doesn't bode well for your prospects. but you've never taken your eye off the ball. you're fixing a broken pipeline, that pipeline between 16 and 24. you've within working on it since '79, you've fixed it. you're fixing it, and you're equipping young people -- as you just saw from jonathan -- with the skills they need to climb the ladder to a good-paying middle class job. take the internship and partnerships that you've created with pez and with goth -- with business and with government. it's been a huge success. my numbers, i'm told since '96 1,500 young people have gone through the internship program.

100% graduated from high school. 75% enroll in college, and 80% of these students have stayed in college. today a very critical that -- statistic. not just ebb rolling -- enrolling, by staying. you've built a strong network so students like jonathan don't graduate from a program, they instead invest back into the program by donating their time and becoming mentors themself. because the other thing we know from experience on a whole rake of student -- range of subjects, the people who most influence young people are young people. their peers. your graduates have told you, and i know you know it, i'm not telling you anything, they've obtained better jobs, better wages than their peers who haven't had the same opportunity. everyone from the office of personal management led by katherine who -- katherine, are you here? i can't see out there. there you go.

you're doing a great job for us, by the way. led by katherine to the world bank and companies large and small have benefited from the urban alliance interns. and every single one of those interns learn skills that is going to last them a lifetime; how to work well with others, how to pay attention to detail, how to communicate in a professional environment. they're being exposed. they're being exposed to in-demand fields such as information technology and business. and to people in those fields who show them how to pursue the future. they once thought it was out of reach. i thought jonathan was interesting, he said don't just mentor me, don't just show me how to do it, help me out, be my friend, give me a little confidence. that's, basically, what you were saying as i read it. but it's true, ask you know how it works. it works that way with every one of your colleagues whether or not when they come into your operation, whether they are

coming out of a deprived circumstance or graduating from a great university. with privilege. it's the same thing. it really isn't -- it's hard, but it's not that hard. .. you have to know how to know.

those of us to come from backgrounds where our parents gave us real opportunities, we learned how to know without knowing we were learning. it was just part of the fabric of what he did. i can walk into the library of congress unless you know how to use the card catalogue it doesn't matter you have to know how to get to what you need and that is an incredible thing the alliance is doing. so, when i was asked by the president in the state of the union to put together a program on the workforce training so we would end up with in the coming years the best workforce in the world, i literally took a look at your program and we looked all over. we went to every initiative that was going on in the country to get a sense of what worked and what didn't work.

when we looked at you guys, it became pretty clear that you had the basic ingredients how to help people in this country that i've described have the best shot. the kind of partnerships in the urban alliance build are the kind we need all across the country between businesses, unions, nonprofits, education systems. look, you know that six out of every ten jobs in the next ten years are going to require something beyond a high school diploma. it can be a 15 week certificate at a community college, it can be a two year associates degree in from a four year degree or phd. but they need something beyond, something beyond high school. consider the following in this study we did. information technology.

we are going to need 1.4 million jobs over the next ten years in it. from software developers average salary $68,000 a year typically need a bachelors degree. computer network specialists after just $59,000. do not need a college degree but a two-year degree. i was out at ust global. i went all around the country to look at some of the programs and i went to detroit just getting off its knees. detroit has been battered. there is an outfit called ust global and in a sense of a do more than this but part of the idea is replacement operation for large it and small it firms. so, they asked me to come by the

program they have going on at the college in the city of detroit. and i walked in and there was i think it was a 15 week program and it was a group of women from the neighborhood or from the hood. every one of these women the youngest was 24 and the oldest was 58 and a fair word about two dozen of them and if he had two more weeks to go. what they were learning as they were learning computer programming. these were people with high school degrees coming out of the most hard scrapped neighborhoods, every one of them come in detroit. every one had a job. at the lowest starting salary $58,000, the highest, 81. because in detroit. an immediate need for 1,000 programmers in the city now.

every one of those women has a job of $65,000 a year. healthcare we need 64,000 dental hygienist in the near term. every salary is $70,000 a year. the median salary i should say. trained by community colleges. we are short over 638,000 registered nurses in america. average salary 65 to $75,000 a year. psychiatric nurses, 300,000 women and men coming home from afghanistan with posttraumatic post traumatic stress and the tremendous brain injury. salary, even i thousand dollars. and it can be an internship on the job while you are working as

a registered nurse. advanced manufacturing. you guys at the commerce of the chamber know this better than anybody. the need for 100,000 jobs going unfilled right now, right this minute in the united states of america -- the companies that have returned that have but have never left and are expanding. and high school manufacturing. some require bachelors degree, very few, but most of them just require training, but somewhere between three months and six months. the company in michigan built a facility out there and needed a thousand employees. found out they couldn't find people with photovoltaic technology to operate the machines into giving something to do with solar shingles. as with a federal grant, they teamed up with local community college, brought in their

managers, their machines come off the factory floor into the community college and created a conveyor belt. average salary starting at $54,000 a year. the point is there are incredible opportunities for workers but also for business. and for young people. we need to build partnerships and figure out what local employers are looking for and find ways to equip people with the skills. so it's not just in it. but there's this enormous need that business has looking for skilled employees. there's this enormous pool of americans who want to work. the one thing i do not agree with this my friends in the congress and replace suggesting they don't work. they didn't come from the

neighborhood i come from. i don't know anyone who doesn't want to work given a fair shot. and there is a gap between the skills needed and the workers knowing how to get those skills, where where'd you get them and how to pay to get them and that's what working with america in the chamber in the federal government and local governments and community colleges exported 50 million-dollar investment in competitive grants to 71 partnerships between community colleges and businesses all over the united states of america including partners like organized labor. they can move from the classroom directly to a job and raise a family. we have a big fight i know about minimum wage.

these are not minimum wage jobs. these are jobs you can need the own a home. send a kid into a school that if they did well to well the heavy shots to get to college and figure out a way to get in there and in the meantime take care of your mom or dad because one of her parents died and hope that maybe you won't have your children take care of you. that's middle class. that's all it is, that's everything is. i don't look at what you all are doing. there's an alliance if you are getting off the street and off the corner that's important.

you get them on a pathway where they may be about to live that life. i know i've referred to as middle class joe because i talk about the middle class so much. senior middle class means are not sophisticated. middle-class built this country and it is the social glue that holds the country together. and if so, we've got to figure more ways to find pathways for people to get their. think of employers, employees for the data and the jobs are those partnerships provide pathways to better jobs. think of the workers just getting started and hungry to learn a new skill and move up the ladder. those are helping them get their. i will give you a couple more examples. monro college was up in rochester new york. i used to go to syracuse university. a lot of my friends were rochester. when i was growing up there was

a young man it was a vibrant middle-class city and it had kodak come at a 45,000 employees. nobody at a minimum wage, all good paying jobs and engineers and people making a good salary. it had a number of operations and kodak stopped not only making brownies but making a film and was down to well under 10,000 employees. bausch & lomb the same way. so the optic industry in the meantime changed radically as well. that's why they are in trouble. they didn't adapt. what happened is this monro community college went out and surveyed businesses. i think there were 200 businesses in the two county area. many of them still engaged in

optics, for example the mars rover. what they found out is that these businesses needed employees. they sent out the apprenticeship programs. jobs paying $60,000 a year all high school graduates. all high school graduates. and they are transforming the community. consider the program that gives workers a chance to earn while you learn. after they complete the program, workers earn about $68,000 a year. if they work 40 hours a week and it is upwards of $100,000 a year

if they have overtime. partnerships are good for workers and good for business, and they are good for the economy. we need more. and we are looking at all of you in the private sector to get more engaged and build more of these partnerships because here is what i know for sure. the american people want to work. they want a fair chance. they don't want guarantees, i don't want the government to give me anything i just want them to understand my problem. you all understand your need and i'm preaching to the choir because you understand the problem. getting a fair chance the american people have never, ever, ever let their country down. they are the reason it's never a good idea as i think you reminded me by saying the president and vice president

when they were commiserated about how they think america will come back. i pointed out its never, never going to bet against america. never. so because of what the urban alliance is giving into number of alliances across the nation what i consider i come from what used to be referred to when i got elected as a 29 and 72. i come from the corporate state of america. i have dealt with and have alliances with major business my entire career and i think there's a lot of things going on here. one of the things going on is the business is figuring out how to deal with the new realities of the 21st century in a way that as it becomes more

apparent, they see the possibilities of partnering like you're doing right here with the urban alliance. it's ultimately about growing that tie so that everybody does well. i compliment the chamber for their involvement in the complements the alliance and i compliment you all for taking so much time to be engaged. thank you. [applause] >> ladies and gentlemen, this is a fascinating place, and we have political and economic

discussions and debates morning, noon and night and we come together today with all of the people the vice president vice president complemented it with his encouragement and leadership to do something we all agree on and that's put americans to work i want to thank you for your leadership on this and continue to invite you to come back for the debates we like to have and we will start looking around for what you might do in two years. [applause]

>> please welcome back to the stage the president and ceo of the u.s. chamber of commerce, tom donohue. [applause] >> thank you very much. while i get organized, stick your head back and look at the ceiling and you will see that it's the history of the opening of the western world. all of the flags are flags that represents the explorers that came here from christopher columbus to all the rest of them and you can't see it very well, but the ceiling is the history of how we built our country. once in a while it's a great idea to come in here and think about the people that did all of

those things and then stop and realize we have nothing to complain about. we have far more assets to meet our challenges mandated. so, welcome and thank you for being here area and my congratulations on an extraordinary program. and thank you all for being here today. i would like to form early think the alliance for its partnership as well as the chamber foundation for education workforce and all the work and effort that they could to getting us put to giving us together today and to supporting this work. and of course, we appreciate the vice president for being here. he is a fascinating fellow. by the way, a bunch of irish guys we did a -- we get along

very well. matters of great significance to the country he's a very serious man and we enjoy having him here. he comes here all the time and it's good for the neighborhood. [laughter] it shows the neighborhood. now the vice president and i don't always agree that we come together on issues like education and job creation, the national security of the united states either the vice president nor i had our opportunities handed to us. instead we earned them with the support of great families that showed us how to work. working hard and getting a decent education, taking a few risks, sticking it out when things got hard and ultimately building a career by the way the things they left off the script luck helps. we share the goal of the same

same bargaining opportunities available to every single young person today. yet many young people in this country under either the american dream is still available to them. some question whether they will have the chance to make it and whether their opportunity is really limited or let us -- limitless. i can give you all kinds of reasons why it's hard but i can give you so many reasons you can make it in this country. one of the issues that really is a problem right now is we have areas of this country that aspect we need workers. you heard the vice president talking about specific places. we have areas in this country where the workers are looking for jobs. it's still pretty hard to talk to people that go to work in north dakota it's 40 degrees below zero in the winter. i make it my business to go there in the summer but we have

to look to those challenges. many people in the country are going to have those opportunities. over 6 million americans between the age of 16 to 24 think they are at risk of being shut out of the economy. i'm going to call you why that isn't true because the old guys are going to die and retire and stop working and the younger guys that have to go to work, ladies and gentlemen, the young people have to go to work we have no choice. those of us at the other end of the spectrum, you own the future. it's yours. you better get prepared. there are a lot of people here that are out of school or have been out of school and out of

work but this organization has shown them they are not out of options and there is no need to lose hope. there is the need to get up early and look for a job as if you have a job. looking for a job is a job. you have to have a plan and strategy, call everybody you know, call people you don't know. having to figure out how to do it as a full-time job. our nation as i said that there are lots of people without jobs and lots of companies and organizations desperately trying to find people to fill those jobs. we can look at them as distinct problems or as a solution. the challenge that brings all of us together today is bringing those opportunities come a bridging the opportunity gap for the next generation to take over what it is we are about to give up. it won't be easy but we have to do it. it's not just the future of the young people here but all over

the country the economic competitive future will be fundamentally determined on how we respond to this challenge. it isn't sufficient to say we have lots of people ready to go to work in this modern economy we need lots of young people with hard and soft skills. so let me speak for a moment on the business perspective. the business community is highly engaged and deeply interested in solving the youth unemployment and it's underlining causes for the reasons i've begun to talk about. i will start with the obvious again. business needs workers. no workers, no business. we need a steady flow of talent to keep operating just as much as the manufacturer needs a stable supply of energy to run his system.

but fewer u.s. students are emerging from the public education system with the skills and the knowledge that they need to succeed and therefore they have to find other places to get it. they lack proficiency in reading and critical thinking. we are not talking about the phd's. if you are a student who can't read or calculate or operate in a business environment or in a community environment, you have to find help to correct the problem. that is a fundamental to being considered for a training program. many people also are not developing the soft skills that are important to the work environment and import into getting a job. teamwork, communication possible understanding of how to behave

and operate in a work environment. sometimes i -- something i repeatedly hear from employers is how difficult it is to find qualified candidates so we have 4 million jobs we want to fill where do we get the candidates and don't forget in the global economy money and jobs follow the talent. if the businesses can't find the workers they need here in this town were in this country they have lots of options they can take their work somewhere else. you can't blame them they have to meet the objectives of the market or they will get rid of the people running the businesses. we don't have to let any of that happened. we've upped the people here, the best in the world as the vice president said. we have to give them a chance to realize their potential and put it to work in the economy.

it's good for business and for the competitiveness but most of all it is great for the american system. younger people who are given the tools and the opportunity to participate in our economy are also productive members of society. they are more likely to avoid some of life's biggest challenges and more likely to contribute to their community but those that do slip through the cracks and that don't graduate from high school and don't find a career path with a life of struggle especially the most disadvantaged populations. the paper released by the urban alliance reports that every young adult who drops out of the economy will cost $700,000 in his or her lifetime. why don't we take 10% of that and fix the problem or 20% or

30%? [applause] through free enterprise, business can create opportunities for workers and businesses can do better. there is no question that we are not a panacea of we know exactly how to do everything. we are learning how to do it better, how to do it faster and more effectively than anyone else has been able to do so that brings me to the most important question how do we take all these people without jobs and health of the match them up and i think that is the last point i want to make. that is bridging the opportunity gap. improving the k-12 schools and creating job training programs that meet the needs of our

economy. and we can debate how to do that. we can debate this program versus the program but if we don't have a k-12 system that gives people the fundamental tools to take the next step, shame on us no matter what our political persuasions were what our lives are whether we work in business or the labor union or a doctor or a lawyer or indian chief. this is the fundamental challenge this country faces. we need our nation's policymakers to rally around the real public education reform. we need leaders of the at the state level to help create good policy. we need organizations with the urban alliance not only to provide the research and the programs but to protect pressure on the rest of us. a few years ago the business community realized we couldn't just pass the issue off to policymakers and administrators.

after all, business is the largest single consumer of the product. the education product. we had to be advocates, advisors, active participants and engaged readers. the chamber and its members have been some of the most vocal component of education reform. we continue to push the critical reform to the public school system. we want higher standards, accountability, strong teachers are supportive parents. it's a team sport and the chamber foundation center for education and workforce is using a three-year grant from the daniels fund to help address the skill gaps and help find ways to get them here to there. business is also well-positioned to advise policymakers and educators. we know what skills you people need because we know what we need to hire and we know that

those skills come from experience inside and outside of the classroom and that's why active partnerships are critical to getting from here to there. these systems can teach young men and women the value of hard work. the opportunity of hard work and inspire them to pursue promising careers. the earlier we reach a student the student a lucky year the lucky year we seem to get and so we are supporting a lot of the work of the urban alliance into the model of reaching high school students before they have a chance to disconnect. in february we will be bringing together an even broader group of stakeholders in the national opportunities on it and cohosting the opportunity nation and jobs for american graduates and the business roundtable and lots of other people and just a

few minutes you'll hear you will hear vertically from some of those business leaders, bankamerica morgan stanley. they are taking the lead on this issue and we want to support them. when all is said and done we must have superior skills, smart job training programs and full and equal opportunity for all but if we don't have a robust economy, if we don't have people that are prepared to go to work, we are going to pay a perfect price. we can have a debate about the best way to generate growth and great debate about how we should create jobs. but the secret that as the chamber we have to share in those debates is what's go do it. we have to recognize government doesn't create jobs or ensure opportunity. they support people that try to do that.

the private sector has a fundamental responsibility to act in its interests in a vigorous way. growth alone isn't going to solve the problem. the more growth we get the more solutions we have. so i just simply want to say welcome to the chamber of commerce united states. before you leave, look up in the air and think about the people that came here as an occurrence immigrants and that got on those little boats and bounced around across the oceans, put up with all the challenges and stop and realize hard challenges aren't so great. we have opportunity everywhere. we have a supportive government, we have a civil society, people that want to hire you. the last thing to understand is that you have to take the responsibility and be your own

best friend. you have to do what it takes to succeed and i welcome you here and remind you about our forefathers and i look forward to seeing you when you come back here to work. goodbye. [applause] ladies and gentlemen please welcome the esteemed panel the role of corporate engagement.

[applause] are we ready to go? so, good morning, everyone. i am sarah president of the urban institute and i thank you for being with us and are sticking with us here today. we promise to be brief and allow you to keep to the schedule that we have a tremendous group of people that we want to hear a little bit about that brings the real world perspective to this conversation. let me say it is an honor to be here with the u.s. chamber foundation and the urban lions who like my organization the urban institute we've been using evidence and analyst is to find solutions to these problems. every business that is a member

of the chamber i'm sure makes the decisions about where they make their own investments because they have looked at the data and they've seen what's working for their business. the urban alliance is the nonprofit that does the same for its program work. they've been proud to work with them for six years now thanks to many of their supporters including the world bank and now social innovation fund. make sure i get the venture philanthropy partners and makes it possible to conduct a random controlled trial that will determine how and in what way the urban alliance program -- and we believe it will find this but that's what it will tell us see fixed in making the lives. at the employment outcomes to see if the programs are making a

difference. if it's a powerful and important step. we also have with us today companies that are essential partners with the urban lions and nobody who's working with a wide range of issues. you have their biographies. i'm going to mention mary. we have andrew who is the corporate social responsibility consumer policy executive for bank of america and he also played a special important role in the founding of the urban alliance and an earlier life. we also have tom who is vice chairman of morgan stanley and worked recently in the government as deputy secretary of state obviously a wider range of distrust and also as a board member. we have kathleen matthews, global public affairs officer at marriott international and someone very well known to

anyone who has been watching local dc news for many generations, many years, not generations. [laughter] and all of the firms contributed in the partnerships and they alliance and then my friend and great pleasure to be with melody barnes president and ceo of solutions but also important for us today she's the chair of the absurd debate cope aspen and institute and we saw the video earlier of the opportunity and the incentive funds. you will hear a little bit about the work of all of these organizations in trying to tackle the challenges of developing more of the country's

great talent. i'm going to ask everyone we are going to be quick so just give a quick cup of thoughts about how from the present is why does this issue matter and how do you try to tackle and make a difference? >> it's an easy thing to do. it's important to accompany the truth. it's great for morale as a company particularly young people cities want to work with you and you are providing an opportunity to mentor skills and nurture the young people in their career aspirations. so from the corporate perspective, it's very smart and it's also important to invest in the youth. they need to learn these skills. i think the cautionary note and i will be brief on this, we've seen this movie before. the program started 20 years ago

as an event similar to this where at the time u.s. attorney and then vice president and al gore and that there was a panel of young people who were flooded with business cards at the end of the meeting. there was very little follow-up and i went out to anna costa high school to see these kids about a week later and they were very frustrated at the lack of follow-through and i think the real message to the corporate partners and the business community is to follow-up is critical. have a rewarding experience for your company and your people that it's hard and you have to follow through and stick with it and it has to be sustainable. >> kathleen share a little bit and in particular we heard the soft skills so far today in the hospitality industry that has to be job number one.

how do you make it possible for people to be able to be successful? >> first it is great to be here with all of you and i support the urban alliance for putting this together and giving us all this opportunity. a company like ours i think looks at the 13% youth unemployment rate in the country and we see the opportunity because we are a labor-intensive as this. very it has 4,000 hotels around the world, 3,000 in the u.s. that accounts for 300,000 people who either work in our manager franchise, hotels. we are looking for people all the time to come to the hotels and work and we also want people who are ready to work and have a proven experience of knowing what it means to show up on time so the soft skills such as just having the ability to speak to somebody competently, being able to shake their hand, be able to know how to problem solving figure out a solution to the customer problem. as we look at the 13% unemployment rate and it's

doubled the regular rate in the u.s.. it's 21% in europe where we have lots of hotels and we say okay how do we find the right part is to bring in the right youth who have begun to get the skills that we need that we can then take through our robust training programs? and i think for us the global economic downturn was a new opportunity because we saw those unemployment rates go up but also the demographics of the world were changing, so our customers are changing too. so we have customers that our generation x. and customers that are generation y. and who do they want to see see when they walk in a hotel they want to see people like them so looking for youth as they come into those hotels so the urban alliance in dc has been a great partner for the last six years and we have had about ten year.com and paid internships in our hotels so in

the dc area that's great but we are also a global company with international partners international solutions and so we've been able to take something like the national academy foundation that has been around for decades, we've had a partnership for decades and they've got 70,000 new schools going through their programs and we realized as we aid the need for youth to work in our hotel we can commit to ensuring at least 10,000 a year in our courtyard by marriot hotel that's about a thousand in the united states, pairing them one to one with those hotels and schools. so we had a proven longtime partner in the national academy foundation. they are putting the group program hospitality but also it, on-chip viewership that we can bring into the hotels and then in the hotels by giving them an internship, by actually training the teachers, we are getting what is often times lacking and i think that is the real real-world experience of knowing

what it means to show up when you are supposed were supposed to show up to be in the school and create the thing that results in career success. perdue and gallup did a poll and show half the kids graduating college today are either unemployed or underemployed and one of the biggest problems is they never had mentor ships or internships that gave them the skills so they could go into a job interview and a show i show i can do it and you can count on me so that's why the partnerships are so important and urban alliance. >> you've been working on this issue both when you were in government and outside. share a little bit of what you've learned, the businesses you work with and in particular you've been putting partnerships together between the government nonprofits and the business community we saw evidence of that. is this a topic that is not

everything you did was easy during your time in government is this one networks more easily in that way? >> i think about the experiment in government and the community solutions that started focusing on opportunity and then the form and work i've done with businesses and in all honesty the answer to the question is no i don't think this is an easy issue but it's an issue whose time has come and andrew was talking about that because of the need and the labor force and as tom donohue said when you look at the whole cohort i'm talking about a 2 trillion-dollar problem if they are not engaged in the workforce and are changing demographics. people recognize its importance right now but at the same time often people of the young people and fought three, four, five year olds much more attractive

cohorts to work with but it is incumbent upon us and now we know more about what works. kathleen was talking about the national academy foundation. we know what the urban alliance we can look at other programs and to see that if you've got blended programs that involve work and more businesses are engaged only do you get interns and apprentices but you also get great hires and people who know your business. if they start earlier with a pathway and this is what we are doing at the aspen institute on 21 urban and rural tribal communities that you bring those high skills. they are difficult and important skills and to bring all those together with support services that you have much better outcomes at the end.

we know more about what is needed so we are moving further and faster and also applying evidence that urban alliance. so we are getting better evidence. we can apply it to those programs. we have continuous learning and we are doing it across the sector but one of the things i will say and i'm so proud we are here it's and it's a chamber doing this it was wonderful to hear tom donohue and his passion of business being involved and if we have other leaders here it is often hardest to get the business to the people. and i think one of the things we saw in the psa is that that comes attached to tools to help help businesses better understand how to do this very important work. morgan stanley is another committed organization and part her. but you spent the last few years

thinking about around the world world and of the role that the countries where they are used not engaged with the house on the health the hope of countries. we are not in the same consequences as some of the countries you spend your time worrying about. but, do you see some commonalities in the larger imperatives for the country? >> that is a good question. before i answer let me say that it's pretty remarkable that 20 years ago andrew had this ridiculous idea. he said i want to do something about the youth employment. i said great height just want to find a job myself. [laughter] 20 years later with the vice president of the united states and with the leadership who deserves an anonymous amount of credit. [applause] her life and soul into the organization and my friend in

the chairmanship. [applause] figure what happens when you have a crazy idea but obviously thank you. i will talk one second from the morgan stanley perspective the easiest thing for a company to do is write checks. we get hit up all the time. we can write a check and then call it a day. every time i tried to do that i am getting a call that says we don't really want the money we want the job. i'm like, on just take the money. [laughter] then it donned on me a few months ago but they are trying to achieve his life-changing. think about it for a moment. a kid that is 16, 17 and 18-years-old is able to get a job at morgan stanley for the summer and for the rest of that

kid's life when he walks in and applies for a job they will see marriot or bank of america on that application and immediately they will say if they can work their then obviously they can work here and i don't think that we understand the impact that has. you have to have a job sometimes to get a job. you have to get a break. urban alliance is that break so i would encourage all of you that are the employers here to understand how important it is to get a job. what the era -- arab spring if it caught on fire throughout the middle east. 30% in many of the arab countries and places like tunisia and libya and egypt. what you do when you have no

hope or opportunity coming you basically act out. so our view luckily we don't have those issues but don't make any mistake about it we have a responsibility. youth unemployment is at 14% and a substantially higher in the african-american and hispanic opportunity. so we have the responsibility to step up and do things. so in a small little way we are trying to do something to move it forward to. >> you worked around the world. our country at home is becoming more and more diverse. more and more people who come from backgrounds and families in the countries that you surf around the world are here. and so many of our own workforce is becoming much more diverse. and yet there are enormous disparities between the access to education, access to job opportunities for different parts of our society.

how does that play into the work that marriot is doing and your thoughts about that challenging the country? >> first company base is more and more diverse. the volume of international travelers that come to the united gates and stay in hotels is approaching 100,000. i'm sorry, approaching 100 million visitors thanks in part to a lot of the great work that he did at the state department to make it easier to get a visa to visit here. so it is a very diverse workforce and an asset for a company like ours. again people want to go to businesses where they think people like themselves so if you are a millennial you want to see the millennial's. if you're african-american you want is the african-american. in the middle east you want to see people from your country. from hispanic countries you want to see people like you. so the diversity of the country here is an asset and that's what i think you see in a lot of these urban schools and even world schools increasingly in

the programs like the urban alliance and programs like the national academy foundation. the schools that we visit generally are majority you that are the first in their family to go to college and disproportionately from the immigrant occupations and these are kids that when they do get these opportunities for the internships and to get mentors, generally they graduate from four year colleges when they never imagined when they started high school but they would have better chances of appearing ever imagined they would have the chance. and i think that in addition to the programs the schools are doing into the nonprofits are doing it is the third ingredient, the third pillar which is the corporate engagement. and so that's why it is such a win-win but it's also so inspiring. andrew was talking about how the company feel steel and how the hotel or that they branch feels when they have these youth in them and the engagement of the

rest of the employees is astounding. we do a program for 25 years we've had a programming pc and seven other cities called bridges. it focuses on youth with disabilities and this can be cognitive, developmental, physical disabilities, the whole range which you increasingly seeing the urban schools as well. we find that when we place those views and we have about 100 go through the dc area every year about 1,000 thousand about the thousand that we support through the seven schools across the country. it's been 20,000 that we graduated. when you put one of those students at the front door of the marriott hotel, that students become sort of the center of a family in the workplace. ..

>> it's about partnership. i mean, it's about existing workstations have got proven track records. the clinton foundation is doing something that is really pushing towards youth. you need to grab on to existing programs with great platforms, and it's about having metrics and proving the facts. and when i go back to our firm and sit down and talk to the

people who are mentoring these kids, and they are the advocates to increasing and enhancing our commitment. so i think really grabbing to organizations that exist, putting her efforts, not try to reinvent the wheel. there's no need to. are some great rogue rims like urban alliance. you should put you money down on that. you should organize around existing programs. >> yes, to what thompson. i would say blended programs that were the lines between high school and college so students can start to get credit before they even leave high school. programs that include that critical work experience. that includes companies not just looking at again as interns or princes of potential hires. i've seen the work at skill and grace programs. time is short, there are other couples like that i could go on but i will also say this. we have to stop just looking at this as a program by program solution. we are program rich but we are system for. we also have to think about how

these programs work together and our leverage them in larger system so we can get to scale because we are talking about at least 6.7, 7 million people, many, many more we can also bring in and bring into our workforce. >> i want to end with you because i think as tom mentioned, it's got to feel like a pretty extraordinary moment to have seen the evolution over a 20 year period, and i think about mary and jeff and myself and the other board members of the urban alliance -- >> and tom. >> and karen, i know one of my friends is on the board. what is your lesson learned and what is your hope for the future speakers i was really glad to hear melody say it's not easy, so we shouldn't be pollyannaish about the fact that this is easy to do. businesses have to push the envelope internally to make these programs viable, and it's

a lot easier for businesses, and we learned this really in the early years, a lot easier for businesses to say no, to tom's point. i will write you a check. also for h.r. reasons we can't put kids in the workplace. it's much easier to not employ youth at this age, and to get companies to understand, to kathleen's point, how successful it can be for the company and for the youth is really the next leg to make these things scalable, to get companies out of their comfort zone and embrace this in a way that says this is going to become part of the fabric of our company. that will be true access 20 years from now. >> so we're going to close this with great hope and high expectations for achieving the great success.

let me just say thank you and ask you all to join me in thanking this panel and the work they have done. [applause] >> all right. thank you so much to our wonderful panel, center, many thanks. melody, kathleen, tom and and/or, thank you so so very much. another round of applause for them please. [applause] thanks for your being here for sticking him with us. we're just about there, but i would be remiss if i did not begin to think that united states chamber of commerce, mr. tom donohue and his team. thank you so much for this opportunity to be a today, so thank you to them. [applause] and we heard about a lot of good work happening today, and we also i hope we are leaving your knowing more that there's a lot more to be done it and with that in my i want to do something

really, really quickly. i want to acknowledge urban alliance of 2014-2015 major partners, because without you all as you just heard w we cannt do we do and that young people people in a very meaningful job opportunities. i want to go ahead and just if you would raise your hand or stand if you're okay with that as i called your name, please bear with me doing that. obviously, bank of america, capital one, corporate executive board. okay, we will clap, we will clap after everybody. trust corporation, deloitte. [applause] the meyer foundation. [applause] fannie mae. [applause] freddie mac. [applause] the harry and jeanette weinberg foundation. [applause] marriott.

[applause] morgan stanley. [applause] new signature. [applause] northern trust, who was in the room all the way from chicago. [applause] mr. roberts of bonnie. [applause] the advisory board company. [applause] the community foundation for the national capital region. [applause] the mariah fund. [applause] demaurice and gwendolyn capers foundation. [applause] the united states office of personnel management a plus but -- [applause] , a new partner, the united states patent and trade office. [applause] for our virginia program, the

urban institute. [applause] venture philanthropy partners. [applause] and last but not least, the world bank. [applause] oh, and one more. usaid as well, thank you. [applause] >> we thank you for indulging as to be able to do that. again, this work cannot be done alone. it's done in partnership and we have to make sure and we want to make sure that we acknowledge all of our wonderful partners who, many of the folks that i just listed have been witnessed since the very beginning, so we wanted to give them an opportunity to raise their name here today. there are so many, many ways that you can get involved. the urban alliance staff in the room, the information you can take with you. they have cards themselves, and we will be following up with

you. that is what -- you will be hearing from is probably more than you want to, but just look out for that. that. and again i want to thank all of you for being here with us today, and then finally on a personal note, today is very personal to me. about 24 years ago a man by the name of world who owned a manhattan beach cpa firm gave me a girl from inner-city los angeles, a job when i was just a teenager at a cpa firm. and i execute two hours a day and i was paid $5 an hour which was like a lot of money. especially working 40 hours a week. and i was able, the biggest thing i remember that i was able to buy all of my own school clothes that school year when i became a sophomore. from all the money i had saved up. but more important at a confidence that i got from that job, do tasks that i was given, it'll make me feel like i mattered. and so without that experience i

really wouldn't be here today standing before you. and so please just walk away doing whatever it is that you can to help more young people access those kinds of opportunities. thank you. [applause] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations]

>> if you missed any of this program you can watch it in its entirety this afternoon. it will be posted on a website. go to c-span.org. from "the associated press" today, u.s. employers added 248,000 jobs last month, the first of i drove down the unemployment rate to 5.9%, the lowest since july 2008. the mostly positive government report also showed employers added 69,000 more jobs in july and august than previously estimated. after the jobs report was released, the white house tweeted this. good news, our businesses are now on pace for the stores you of job growth since 1998. they also released this chart showing job growth since president obama took office. house speaker john been released a statement. it says in part, everyday i hear from people in my district who say the matter how hard they work, they still struggle to make ends meet. instead of trying to convince americans that things are great,

washington democrats >> the president is likely to come on the labor department report today when he visits a steel plant in princeton indiana takes part in a town hall meeting with employees. live coverage starts at about 3:10 p.m. eastern. you can watch it on c-span. coming up live at noon on booktv here and c-span2, author and california's military correspondent richard whittle will talk about his book predator. that starts at noon eastern here on c-span2. last friday family research council held its ninth annual values voter summit here in washington, d.c. the morning session included several former members of the military who were critical of president obama's foreign policy. [applause] >> good morning.

thank you. thank you very much. good morning. good morning. well, on behalf of the family research council and all our sponsors and partners, we welcome you to the ninth annual values voter summit. and we welcome folks from across the country who are tuning in by television and the web. one might be tentative think this is a going away party for eric holder, but it's not. the next three days are designed to challenge you, encourage you, and equip you to return home and read double your efforts to take our country back. [applause] now, i'm happy to announce this morning that we have a strategy.

[laughter] [applause] we will continue building a conservative coalition, a winning team, that despite occasional setbacks like the last six years, we will never, never surrender to the forces of statism and political correctness. [applause] now, we hear almost every day that conservatives are on the wrong side of history. that we want to turn back the clock. i see it differently. we stand for what the clock cannot measure. for that which is timeless and eternal. today, a genius or division. masquerading as unity. they have heralded an age of diversity while championing a stark uniformity of opinion and

politics. and so bold are the in this strategy that in order to stifle their opponents in the political arena, they aren't even ready to rewrite and limit the first amendment of our constitution. what they propose to do in this area of campaign finance goes hand-in-hand with what they have been willing to do and have succeeded in doing in the civic center. they have attacked you to individuals in the communications industry and universities in silicon valley. everywhere from chick-fil-a the gallaudet university, and dozens of others, tarring and feathering them just for daring to disagree with them. in fact, there was a smattering of leftist groups, many of them funded by george soros, who took out an ad in the "washington post" this week called on elected officials to refuse to speak to you, the values voters. why? well remember these are the same groups that support harry reid

and his efforts to rewrite the first amendment but it's real simple. the truth stands in their way as they seek to fundamentally transform america. so they want to silence you and millions of americans like you, but here's the difference between the left and the right. we welcome the debate. we support the right to speak. we believe in the first amendment. in fact, many in this room have put on the uniform of our nations military to defend their right to speak. i submit to you that it is not time to rethink our principles or shrink back from the conflict. no, now is the time to reaffirm our beliefs and we double our efforts and to stand for the values that made america an exceptional nation. yes, mr. president. america has been an exceptional

nation. but in so doing we must renew our mutual respect and reaffirm the necessity of each component of true conservatism, a free and growing economy, and national defense that is second to none and traditional values are indispensable and mutually reinforcing. what unites us as conservatives is that we understand the meaning of liberty and the price the generation after generation has paid for it. we understand the irreplaceable role of the character in the human drama. we understand the dangers of government that grows ever larger while becoming ever hungrier, and even more jealous of any institution that rivals or diminishes its influence. we here today as the value voters, we will defend the american dream, and we will define the future. thank you for being here and for being a part of the values voter

summit, and for being a part of taking our nation back. america is worth fighting for, and we will stand for the truth. [applause] well, i am so excited to introduce to you our first speaker of the 2014 values voter summit. this is a guy who keeps me glued to c-span every time he is on. maybe it's because he is a two-time ncaa division i wrestling champion. because he knows a few moves. i've watched him. he puts it on the bureaucrats. congressman jim jordan represents ohio's fourth congressional district and it sits on the house oversight and government reform committee. as a member of the committee you have probably seen them several times grill the irs commissioner on the disappearance of lois lerner's e-mails. and last week as a member of the

important select committee on benghazi, he asked quote, what's he going to take for the state department to put in place the practices that are going to save american lives? [applause] who i am so glad that we have men and women like him on capitol hill working hard to get answers and to get justice for the american people. please welcome my good friend, congressman jim jordan of ohio. [applause] ♪ >> thank you. good to be with you this morning. it had to listen to me a few times here at this wonderful event. thank you for what you do. i learned a long time ago that good things don't just happen. if you want to accomplish anything of meaning, anything of

significance, it takes work, it takes effort, it takes sacrifice, and most importantly it takes a willingness to get off the sidelines and get in again. i want to thank you for doing just that. and for accepting the risk that's associate with getting in the game. you are always going to be criticized when you do this. you get called all kinds of nice things by the mainstream, the elite national press. it's just par for the course. it's part of the deal. i love the line that cal thomas has when he talks but when wille people see things and the way "the new york times" seats things. he says i get up every morning, i read my bible and "the new york times." so i can see what each side is up to. [laughter] there's a lot of truth to that so thank you for what you get an thank you for supporting an organization as fine as the family research council. wwhen you think about institutions that the good lord put together, the very first institution was in the church, it wasn't the state, it was moms and dads and kids. the strength of the institution ultimately -- [applause]

the strength of that institution ultimately determines the strength of your entire culture, your entire society and then our great country. and so it is a special organization near and dear to my heart. tony has been doing an outstanding been that as you will know and that's why you supported. speaking of family, when i get done with his speech on getting on a plane, flying to date no ohio, and we start the drive to george to see our second grandchild, katherine grace who is -- [applause] who is four weeks old today and we're looking forward to spending the weekend with them downtown. i've got some good is a vegas. agnew's first. get to the good news and then we will move along with the program here. tell me if i'm wrong. i am convinced today the average family, the average middle-class, thinks this done is completely rigged against them. tasty bailouts for corporation. they see and as for people who were able but unwilling to work and they're stuck paying the

bill. they are fed up with it. they see companies cozy up to government, get special deals, special and that the ex-im bank, cozy up to government and get special tax treatment and all kinds -- if you're in favor industry of the administration, the green energy industry, you get all kinds of loan guarantees and special breaks from the government. seven of the 10 wealthiest counties are, guesswork? right here in the washington, d.c. area. so the average family thinks the whole game is rigged against them and they're stuck paying the debt. i would agree with them. they are looking for folks in washington to stand up and represent their values, the values that made our country special in the first place. [applause] one of my favorite lines is from a baseball player, hershiser, won the world series. has a great line. he says great things can happen to ordinary people are willing to work hard and never give up.

and i like the statement mostly because of one word, the word ordinary. if you stop and think about it, we are all just regular ordinary people. nobody is any better than anyone else. one of the things that bugs me is when someone thinks they're special and better than the rest of us. we are all ordinary people, all in need of god's grace. but the amazing thing about this nation is ordinary people have been able to do extraordinary things if they're willing to work hard and never quit. but today for the first time in american history, lots of middle-class families are doubting the accuracy of that statement. they are looking for people to stand up and fight for them. the good news is there are folks in the house of representatives doing that. hopefully we're going up a few more folks in the senate win this election is over. i think it's going to happen. the party i belong to -- [applause] the party i belong to, i think were going to take back those six seats. that will help us begin to frame things. it's worse than what i just

described are it's not just put your money gets used for things you don't like. it's also your fundamental values and liberties that you cherish, your freedoms are under attack. think about your first amendment liberty, religious freedom. thank goodness the decision was five to four but it was only fight for, right? the hobby lobby decision. your second and rights are under attack. respect for human life from respected institution of marriage and family. all those things are under attack from this administration but probably no better example, probably no better example of your freedoms being attacked and with the internal revenue service did for sustained period of time when systematically targeted people just like us are exercising your most fundamental rights, your right to free speech. think about the first amendment. this is what i've been so focused on this issue because it cuts to what america is about. you think about the first amendment, freedom of religion, freedom of the press, freedom of

association, freedom of assembly, but you most fundamental right is your right to speak and to speak in a political nature against your government, to petition your government. and that's what this administration set out to systematically and sustained treatment on target and harass people for. it is as wrong as it gets. i want to walk you through a series this was and how it all started. remember in 2010 when the president at the state of the union address called out the supreme court right after the citizens united decision, called out judge bell do and the court right there? that's when you begin to that or you the president week after week would say things about shout a wiki party groups, right? remember, folks just like you. this strange group with great sounding names who was at all kinds of dangerous things. it was not just the president. is all kinds of democrat leaders. durbin and schumer, and all these folks were saying things like iris, you've got to do something about these groups. remember this was 2010.

when we are building -- you know what happened in that election. we said that with nancy pelosi and we change was running the house of representatives. this goes on for the entire year. lois lerner gives a speech at duke university in october of 2010, just weeks before the election. in that speech she says everybody is after us to do something now. now think about that since the erect quote from her speak. who is the everybody in that sense? it's not everybody. the everybody is the president and her political heroes, democrat senators were calling the iris and calling on the iris to do something. everybody is asking her to do something now. what is the now? before the election. same time frame. one of e-mails we do have from ms. lurie, she writes in an e-mail and says we can't fix it up but next year we're going to launch a c-4 project. we have to be careful to make sure doesn't look per se political. which is a fancy way of saying it is political we're just going to try to hide the facts, right?

that's what they did. they denied it all along. we started from conservative groups who are being targeted were brought in, we brought lois lerner in for more personal stuff and oversight committee staff said that with her in 2012 after spend going on but hadn't yet become public. we can find her. she said, no, no, this is the normal course of doing business. we didn't believe her so we called for the inspector general to do an investigation, which they did. about the same time doug shulman, then commissioner said he can give assurances there's no targeting going on. the inspector general did it investigation and found out that wasn't the case. they got a draft report, the irs got a draft report before went public and lois lerner before the report goes public three days before the gives a speech to the bar association meeting here in town and has a friend, planted question, ask her about the situation. she blames -- doesn't take responsibility for it -- blames

people in cincinnati. remember this, right? line agency says it. two rogue agent insisted. first they denied it and enabling -- this whole pattern is a as old as a filter that got caught with her hands in the cookie jar and we are trying to hold them accountable. they've tried every excuse, blaming some of the people, then going after the inspector general saying his report was not accurate. the truth is they did it. it so egregious what took place, and they know they cannot really get out good investigation from the justice department, that lois lerner even this week was willing to talk to the press. think about this. she can talk to the press. she can talk to the justice department, she can't answer congresses questions and questions the american people have. unbelievable. the reason she's willing to do that, do an exclusive with politico, is because she knows what the justice department, their investigation is a shame. january 13 of this year, fbi leaks to "the wall street journal" no one is going to be

prosecuted. the president made his famous statement super bowl sunday, think about it. the head of the executive branch prejudge the entire case, says there's no corruption, not even a smidgen. and the lead attorney a scientific is, thousands of lawyers at the justice department, the lead attorney assigned to the case is a maxed out contribute to the president's campaign, and we're supposed with this is a real investigation. eric holder can't go fast enough, right? [applause] and here's some good news. we did pass a resolution calling for a special prosecutor. i do think eric holder will do it. may be the next couple, the next lady. the good news about that is everything republican and the house of representatives voted for it. more importantly 26 democrats. 26 democrats went against their president, their administration and said this is so egregious, so wrong. [applause]

so i think things are starting to move in the right direction. i think we're going to see it in a few weeks when the party i belong to expect the united states senate. then we said the context for what's going to happen in 16. let me finish with this. let me just finish with this, and i speak all over our district, all over the state, franklin all of the country. one of the things is the left once you think you are in the. there are millions of people just like you all over the country who are doing what i said earlier, getting off the sidelines and getting in the game because they care about this country. our nation has always risen to the occasion. paulie and i were traveling daughter who goes to school in iowa city, a son and medicine and some friends in chicago. we were driving that triangle over each we can overcome it across route 88 across illinois, and polly is driving and i'm kind of half asleep in the passenger seat. were driving along, and she sees the sign that says dixon illinois hometown of ronald

reagan. she just with the car off the road. what we did was we're going to reagan's boyhood home. people in small town, and the like where we live in rural ohio. you pull into this little town and one street off the main drag is reagan's street, and you saw what made this guy such a great leader. his humble beginnings and the values he possessed and how he was able to articulate made our country special. it was just a neat, if you are ever driving, you would. to little old ladies. give them $5 they did honor to work with a local historical society. it's well worth it but i to get back to what made this guy so special and what's truly great about this country. i may have shared this with you last time, but this is a stressed up with them. a couple years ago we had some friends, again capturing the kind of leadership reagan had and then what this country's about and the makeup of its people. we had some friends a few years ago, two summers ago, call us up

and say we want to go to dinner and there down in dayton, ohio. we live just north of dayton and we had even free so we will go down. they said before we go to dinner, we're going to tour the wright brothers home. and sure, we'd like that. the house we live in is built in 1837, sweet like that kind of stuff the old homes. we would love to do that. you go down, you go to two in the same kind of thing. historical society, you go all the way through it. the last them a ticket to come it's one of the brothers bedroom. i can't remember which brother that classroom, it's about our tour, and in this last room to show you two pictures. the first picture is the first flight, kitty hawk 190 1903 ands contraction they called an airplane. flu-like 101 the. you were like how to to get the thing off the ground? first flight. okay, i remember that. i remember from want of a great it's learn those kind of things. they put that down. the next picture they hold up,

44 years later, 1947, chuck yeager breaking the sound barrier. i think about that. this country with people just like you in 44 years, to guys like 100 feet i in the contractn they called a plane, to chuck yeager breaking the sound barrier. it's an amazing place but it is an amazing place. they put that down -- [applause] they put that picture down, and i'm walking out the door and literally it hit me. i'm like, we're in ohio. i represent new knoxville ohio. why in heck did they stop there? there? they should've had the third picture, right? because 22 years later 1969 another american, another ohio and stepped on the moon. you think about this country. and 66 years to guys like 100 feet to putting a man on the moon. it is truly the greatest nation ever, and there is nothing --

[applause] there is no policy, no crazy, goofy thing that this administration can do that we can't overcome if we are willing to remember the values that made a special in the first place. there is an attitude that has always characterized this nation. i think that's somehow been my favorite verse. paul said to timothy, fight the good fight, finish the course and keep the faith. it's the first of action, it is a first associate with america. we have always been a nation of action. when it looks tough, when the obstacle is that, we rise to the occasion because we fight, we finish and we keep faith in the values that made this country special. that's why this is so important, this organization is so important. and what you are doing so critical to our great country being the greatest nation in history. god bless you. have a great day. [applause]

♪ ♪ >> good job. folks, pray for this mentored is right on the cutting edge of this battle here in washington, d.c., doing a fantastic job for us. ladies and gentlemen if you don't think this crisis with isis and some of these other terrorist groups is a threat to the united states of america, let me remind you that the twin towers and our pentagon was attacked and brought down by 19 terrorists. here to talk more about that and some of the other issues making headlines, including in gaza, isis, terrorism, we've assembled a panel of leading experts to discuss these issues which includes by the way three generals with seven starts between them. coming out to moderate a panel is lieutenant general jerry

boykin. [applause] who was one of the original members of the u.s. army's delta force and notably committed all of the armies green beret. today we are proud to announce he serves as executive vice president of the family research council. ladies and gentlemen, as these men come to the station would you not just welcome them, but would you also thank them for their service to the united states of america. [applause] ♪ ♪ >> thank you all. thank you very much. please be seated. my name is jerry boykin, and as you know, tony perkins is a marine and i normally start my presentations here with a marine joke.

having said that, general conway is a retired come about of the marine corps so i'm going to skip that part of it last night out of fear for my life. and we're going to go right into it. i know we all as americans are very concerned about what we see today unfolding really across the globe with the chaos that we see, with the evil that is rising up in so many places around the world, and particularly what we see in the middle east right now. so i've asked our three panelists today, which i will introduce, to make a very brief opening statement and then as our time permits we will ask them some specific questions. our first panelist today is really a man who has been a supporter of the family research council for a long time. he is a representative from the 11th district of north carolina, congressman mark

meadows. we have at least one tar heel out there. thank you very much. he was actually, he grew up in a military family. his father was an army officer, andy was born in france and then eventually moved back to florida but he started a small business. is on a small business for 27 years, has an extensive resume. what you need to know about him is he's a freshman in congress. he will be back next term for his second term in congress, and he is one of our staunchest allies and supporters, and he is the man who worked with tony perkins to be able to bring this woman that's going to come tomorrow night to be honored, mary did he bring them. he right there with tony bringing her back. -- nguyen abrahamic. my favorite marine here, the actual used to be my neighbor at fort myer, virginia, and i'm not consciously know, jim, i'm not going to use any multisyllabic

words because you were on the panel today. so i will be very careful. but look, this is a soldier's soldier so to speak. and extraordinary men. came in to them in court 1970. he came from southeast missouri state university into the marine corps, infantry officer in the marine corps, beginning in 1970. ultimately, rising to become commandant. id. he has has commanded at every level in the marine corps and, in fact, this is the guy that committed the u.s. marine troops, the first expeditionary element there at the battle of fallujah in 2003. [applause] and then finally an old and dear friend, and now not only, kind of a minister in his own right but also a prolific author, major general retired up these, and bob -- bob dees. bob is written three books.

it is a trilogy. bob is infantry officer, west point graduate of 1972. he went on to command the second infantry division, and ultimately for those of you who have a great passion for israel, as i do, bob actually commanded a task force they are called a combined task force for missile defense in israel in 2000-2002. he's just been a great friend. he and his wife kathleen have resettled in texas, and so, in your case, i don't know what you've been smelling down there in the plains of texas, i'm going to give you a break today if he used some words that we don't understand, okay? so that said i'd like to start with the general conway who, by the way, has to leave us a little early for another event is doing here at the hotel some good asking to make an opening statement here. from right there.

>> thanks for the nice introduction. my mother would be happy with that introduction. my mother-in-law would still be skeptical but that's another story. it is great to be with you this morning. i apologize for having to leave early because i think it's going to be a great session in its banality. the chinese have an old expression, may you always live in interesting times. and i think we are there. just to cover quickly, we've got turmoil in the middle east times three, of course in syria with a four sided fight that is taking place there. establishment of a caliphate which is always been the islamic establishment grand strategy, moving east you have a situation in iraq that hopefully will get better in the near term as the new government starts to take shape, as they revitalize their

army, include the kurds wh were pretty tough guys in this fight. and our old friend, the sunni tribal leaders i think have a direct conflict now that's going to open itself with isis because isis is going to attempt to consolidate this caliphate, they will come into conflict with the sunnis in the anbar province of don't buy their dogma. we need to get involved in that. and time is an issue. the sooner really the better. iran just further west is a real problem for us. in many ways, but not least of course which is a nuclear issue and we should not lose sight on that. if i were still advising the president i would have two albums of advice for him on iran. one, we don't need them with what we're going to do in the middle east. we are powerful enough to do it without them and to involve the

only makes us look weaker and then looked stronger. so please don't do that, mr. president. [applause] the second thing is don't lose sight of the long-term objective to make sure that iran does not want it possessed nuclear weapons. they could cause tremendous instability in that region of the world. they are seen as a major power already, to have been of nuclear weapons the super going to cause weapons to proliferate in countries like egypt and turkey and perhaps even egypt. so we just don't need that. russia, in my mind, vladimir putin is a very dangerous man. we are all problems of our experience, but his experience when the wall came down was that he was a lieutenant colonel in the kgb. for most of the rest of us it was the introduction of a new world order. for him it was abject defeat. now he's in a position i think he believes to do something about that. he's very narcissistic, which makes them in some ways

unpredictable, but he also has the advantage of location, a powerful nation we should never forget. if there's one nation on the face of the earth that could destroy stomach, that's mother russia. and i think intent in this case to folk -- hocus in the eye every chance he has for as long as he has the opportunity to do the. if you have all the way west to the pacific and china. china concerns me. bears little history of major trading partners actually come into conflict. and yet in the case of china it concerns me for the long-term. part of that is because the most bombastic people in china with their newfound military and power projection capability our the admirals and generals. normally, pardon me, it's a politician who was hammered the table, but in this case it's the admirals and the general. the last time we saw that, folks, was pretty world war ii

japan. -- pre-world war ii japan. i will finish with these thoughts. there are lots of challenges out there that require u.s. leadership. some of these issues i think existed now because of the vacuum that our absence of leadership has caused in the past. so i would offer, again, we need to stay involved. we need to be in the leading role in virtually all of these with our partners and allies, and to do that we need a strong department of defense that is able to respond to our commander-in-chief. thank you. [applause] >> thank you, general conway. congressman meadows. >> i'll keep it real brief. we needed a country that means what we say and says what we mean. you know, it is time that we quit apologizing for america's greatness and start celebrating. [applause] you know, we have a national

security risk, and the general said it well. right now we've taken our eye off the ball echoes of what is happening with isil and the horrific things that they been reported. but iran, a nuclear iran is the greatest national sector the threat we face, not only for us, but for israel. and what we must do is stand up to that. this morning there are reports coming out of the state department that we need to meet iran halfway, meeting iran halfway is a major, major mistake and is something that we must not stand for. i'm going to close with this. we need a foreign policy that truly makes a clear objective of what we stand for and what we will tolerate and what we will not tolerate. teddy roosevelt said walk softly and carry a big stick. this president walks softly and gives a good speech.

and we need to make sure that we stand with the men and women who fight and protect our country, and honor them in their service. thank you. [applause] >> general dees. >> thank you, and i think that's a very good strategic overview by general conway and thank you for the call to action and clarity. it's what i'm hearing you say, and you're saying that deterrence is important. that would be my first comment or walk softly carry a big stick is all about deterrence. how do we deter. that's the ounce of prevention worth a pound of cure. segovia ports and strategy, we have an expression in the army at least that's the strategy these tactics for breakfast at the point is what we're doing in syria and a few other pin point places is tactical reflects responses rather than a strategic broad perspective that goes towards an end state that is worthwhile and discernible.

i'm going to make four points very quickly. if you aim at nothing you will surely hit it. we must be clear about the threats. we've talked up here about a number of different threats. i will identify three of additional threats with laser focus. first of all, before the obama administration it was called gwot, global war on terror. it is global. our military is in one donation plus around the world today and they're not twiddling their thumbs. they are resisting evil and lots of forms and is all rooted, largely rooted in this islamic fundamental terrorism. global war, it is a war and it is terrorism. so let's call it what it is. let's be sure we know what we are aiming at. [applause] we have a lot of external threats. that's from a book, the primary one because it's like cancer.

it's death by 1000 cuts, but the two of the threats that would identify briefly is our internal apathy is a national security issue. more people like you need to stand up to be counted applause but and then the third one is that we have been infiltrated. the enemy is within. i came back after 9/11, a few days later, i was in europe at the time, to check out the intelligence, in about 30 seconds i saw the deal. i saw liquid displaced upon this ago. it showed cell phone calls coming from kandahar, afghanistan, going to places like lackawanna, new york, greenville, north carolina, nashville, tennessee, dearborn, michigan. these are all islamic sanctuaries in the united states within which there are fundamentalist sleeper cells. all those calls lit up, and in 30 seconds i saw that we have

been infiltrated badly. we can talk about that more lately, but we've got to figure out how to observe national security inside our borders. secondly, international affairs and domestic affairs are inseparable. you've heard talk of the tree of liberty that is fed by the blood of patriots. well, the tree of liberty is not just on the international side or on the domestic side. it is both. within the country today we have a pervasive culture of appeasement. on the domestic side it looks like entitlements, it looks like tailoring to special interest groups. it looks like tailoring to our illegal immigrants coming across the border, and not securing our border. that's what a piece but domestically looks like him and then internationally, we know all about neville chamberlain, and we continue to appease the days the congressman said we appease iran, we appease the red lines that we make and break. so you get the point. those are our three threats.

i think it's critical that we recognize this enemy and we deal with it, and that our domestic situation, our moral erosion from our internal apathy and her own infiltration our part and parcel to our national security. american exceptionalism mission in a brief word come we are an exceptional nation. you drive around washington, d.c., you look at the monument as a look at all the grandeur. but if you go to moscow, if you go to beijing, you see the same grandeur and you said this is impressive. and yet that grandeur hides murder of millions of people. it hides totalitarianism. and so what makes america different is not the grandeur. it is america has a very heart and soul into which god himself -- [applause] we are an exceptional nation and then finally, so what?

we're all asking the question so what. i will be brief. francis schaeffer said how then shall we live? in psalm 113 if the foundations are destroyed, what should the righteous do? you men and women of america, you great patriots are the righteous. we've got to stand at the counter. i would say is a great time to be a life. if you have a warrior spirit within the depths of your soul, it is a great time to be alive because greatest deceit who is in us and he is in the world so let's get to business. [applause] >> thank you very much. thank you. thank you. >> thank you all. all right, i'm going to go to general conway. general conway now really dedicates his life to this whole issue of national security, and he speaks about it and he is now

working with an organization called securing america's future energy. and, general conway, i want to give you an opportunity speak about the criticality in terms of national security of our energy resources. >> thanks, jerry. and i would argue it's not just national security. you can make the case is international security. look at what's happening with russia, ukraine and sort of leverage that putin is exhibiting there. but my concern, folks, is that it's not as bad as it was. at one point we were importing 60% of our total petroleum requirement. of that 60%, a large portion goes to transportation, and our transportation industry, the cars you and i drive, and more important i think for purposes of our economy, the trucks that go over the road, required 92% petroleum products. my concern is that the

diversification is not there. and today, this year, we will import about 30% of that requirement. and the countries that are controlling this global market, which is by no means a free market, we have a free market in this country but the global market is very much contrived, and it's controlled largely by nations in opec who then in many ways can troll our destiny. our islamic extremist enemy has said that they will defeat is eventually, not in the field. they can't beat our armies in the field but they will destroy our economies through control and/or manipulation of this oil supply. so we consider it a national security issue or our production in recen recent years is a bett. it gives us more of a buffer. if there's a fire refinery or bad weather or something else, we don't see prices jerk off like they used to. but we cannot achieve oil

independence simply through our own production. it's too small here it goes through the global market. and so the answer is both supply and demand. we've got to do more drilling. we got to open a federally mandated areas. but at the same time we need to i think develop alternative energy sources that will reduce that requirement, that 92% that we rely on so much. not by investing in companies. that's been tried and failed obviously, but through investing in national laboratories, university laboratories that can come up with products that will then go to the free market in america, and make us stronger i think and safer in the long term. >> thank you very much, general conway. [applause] >> congressman, congressman meadows, would you talk to us for a minute about our southern border and how you see that being an issue of national security? do you think that we have been infiltrated with anything other

than day workers or people that are just here to sell marijuana or cocaine? is there anything else that has come across that border? what is your assessment and what do we do about it? >> our southern border needs to certainly needs to be secured. in may alone some 9000 young people came across the border and made national headlines. all of us saw that. we were somehow shock and surprise that that was happening. and yet it made national news because we were taking those kids and busing them all over the united states to take care of them. the bigger problem is a national security problem that if we have a isil and other terrorist groups, which hezbollah is all over latin america. when you run look at that, they have the cells and active groups in colombia, panama and other areas.

and to have that open border just allows the terrorists to be among us. and for many of you, i'm from north carolina. many of you think that, well, you live in relative peace and that's not happening because you don't see the threat in your neighborhood. but i can tell you in north carolina, as the general mentioned, not only in greenville, north carolina, but we have convicted in charlotte, north carolina, a hezbollah cell. they actually were there. they were convicted. but that wasn't enough. they came back and they said what they were going to do is kill the prosecutor. they're going to blow up the courthouse. you can google it. you can find out all about it. so for us to think that an open southern border is a secure border is, the tragedy is going to be when the headlines the, one of these terrorist groups take advantage of us here in the united states, and we've got to address it. >> thank you.

[applause] >> general dees, let me ask you a question that i didn't prep you for backstage, but i like messing with you because we are old friends. would you please talk to us about the current state of our military? that is a very serious national security issue. can we rise to the occasion? are we prepared to defend this nation against the threats that we see on the horizon that our intelligence community tells us we should be focused on? what's your assessment? >> my assessment is that our military has been at war for over a decade, and really if you think about general boykin's time in the military, we've been in this global war on terror as well as everything else going on in the world since 1979, 1980. and then of recent. i was yesterday at fort meade.

i was with folks that have been deployed seven years out of the last 10 years. so they are digging deep. they are digging deeply into their well of courage, but what depletes their well of courage the most is that they feel perhaps a lack of support, lack of coherent from their commander-in-chief and national strategies. our military people have committed themselves to serve and even to die. that's the contract that they have signed. and the thing that really takes the wind out of their sails is if they think they might be not utilized in the proper way, or the commander-in-chief does not have the backbone to stay the course. so that's a problem. and then another issue i would mention is that are the troops in the foxholes, faith makes a difference. when they're getting ready to go on a dangerous patrol in afghanistan or iraq, they will hold hands and say, god, you are

our rock, our fortress, the strong power to them we can run. they are not worried about political correctness when they're getting ready to take artillery. now conversely, when you get inside the beltway of washington, d.c., we have a lot of political correct games that are being played that simply mirror our culture. .. that we are not doing the right thing. thank you.

[applause] >> thank you very much, general dees. congressman, let me turn to you and ask you for your personal assessment of the concept of our main and equipping the three serious army, what are your thoughts on that? >> anytime you look at putting men and women in harms way it is probably the toughest code that you will ever take, and recently we made a vote in the house to do just that. i was one of the ones that voted no. i felt like it was -- [applause] you have to ask yourself a few questions. we spend billions of dollars training iraqi troops only to see them turn and run when isil came in.

we had in benghazi we had libyans that were supposed to be helping with the security of the consulate, and yet we know all too well for dead americans. in the process of the five to 6,000 civilians that are supposed to go up and take on another battle tested army of over 31,000 maybe closer to 40,000 by the time that they are trained and ready. and somehow we think that these 5,000 syrians are going to be able to do the job. the general said it best. we have the best fighting men and women and national security team in the world. and yet what we are doing is we are putting it out for the bid for the syrians somewhere else, and for me that was very troubling and it is not

something that i believe will have a clear strategy for success and something i know that we will be having to come back and address again. >> general dees pressing question. >> that reality is in a serious we don't know what we don't know you can get a lot of the soldiers and troops hurt badly if you don't have the right intelligence. so we need to develop this intelligence framework that will serve us well in this area and then as we employ u.s. surgical forces can't as we employ the surgical techniques with boots on the ground as well as from the air, then that is a way that we can quickly make the day with isis and serious and that we can

avoid casualties, not produce casualties which we will in fact do. the second thing, and i will use this as a bit of a segway we had had greater priorities in the region. i'm very concerned if the united states continues to sound an uncertain trumpet about the support of the nation of israel. [applause] just a brief vignette i was in israel as part of my duties and i was pulled out of bed one night by the general staff. they had taken down a ship trying to inculcate. they would drop these of shipping containers that would float about 10 feet under the water and a fisherman would come out and they would take it into the underground caves and then the next day they would be shooting them towards israel. the reason they woke me up is because israel had called the u.s. state department at that moment in time and that we have

this issue and this and this and basically the state department said you were just typing it again go back to sleep. well, that just illustrates the culture that permeates the state department at present and at that time so we need to be very clear about our support of the nation of israel if israel goes down we all go down and they got the people -- it is a moral issue as well as a practical issue. [applause] >> let me break the protocol and make a statement. i want to reinforce what the congressman said, and i want to thank you for voting on this. there are people in here that believe that the right way to go is to arm and equip this thing called the three serious army

but there are things that you need to think about and you need to understand and we will just have to disagree on this on the prudence of this but you need to understand that there are no redeeming features. he is an evil best that you know what he's never done he's never been a threat to christians and when you look at the realities of what is happening to the christian communities in egypt and serious and iraq and libya and all of the islamic countries, the reality is he's never been a threat to christians. the other thing is he's never been a threat to israel. other than the rhetoric coming he's never made any serious attempts to invade israel and get the gold. so when we start talking about arming and equipping 5,000 people, we also need to reflect on the fact that we did this in other places like afghanistan and iraq and many of those people that had been vetted turned on on us to build our troops and their own bases.

cigar why did we invest more blood and treasure in arming and equipping people that we don't double handedly with your going to do with the arms and the equipment. and in the case of the iraq army, they've already given there is to isis. the very people that we are now trying to stop you're trying to stop by destroying the american-made equipment that we left in the hands of the iraq yarn -- army. if you can get beyond the emotion of this, we've got to do something to stop isis. and by the way, i don't call them isil. when using isil, what you're really doing is failing to recognize the existence of israel because it is a concept that does not include -- most people don't know that and i understand that, but i say isis. but with that said, we need to get beyond the emotion of it and think in terms of what is the practical side of arming and equipping the people that we

don't know what they are ultimately going to do, and we already know that there has been a pact made with isis, a non- aggression pact aid. i know senator mccain denies that the immensely. but my sources and many others are saying that it is absolutely true. i will go to the congressman now and ask you another question, congressman. we are yet to have accountability on benghazi. what is your assessment of the long-term impact of never getting to the answers on benghazi is the long-term impact and how does that affect us as a nation and as a society if we don't do the right thing with regards to benghazi? >> if we don't get to the bottom of it, which i believe i will, my good friend of -- [applause] p. is a true patriot regardless of what you may read, he is not

political. what he wants to do is make sure that the american people get the truth, and that we hold those that are responsible responsible. and the good be very thankful that the chairman is over that so we will get to the bottom. however, in the meantime, when the truth does not come out, we repeat the mistakes of the past. we are starting to see that right now in the strategy that we haven't -- we have and in my opinion to addressing the terrorist groups that are trying to kill americans and our allies every day. the other part of that is when we start to look out a false narrative that comes from our government it undermines the very trust that we have in those that are elected in the overall government operation.

and all the american people want us to truth. we know that the truth always prevails. it will always ultimately come out, but if we do not come if we suppress it whether it is that or the irs or anything else, but ultimately happens to continue to undermine the credibility coming if we create a more unstable situation. so, i have a great help justice will prevail and that the chairman will get to the bottom of it. >> thank you very much. a general, same question. [applause] >> thank you congressman. i would gain altitude in just a second. i think -- i've written about the spiritual infrastructure as an element of the national power and one of the elements of that spiritual infrastructure in the united states of america is the proper retention of national

history instead of historical revisionism could fit the narrative. [applause] the historical revision on that we see in benghazi is symptomatic of data that we see across the country and across the world of politics. and even in the common core curriculum, for instance, of the obama administration lets change the truth to fit our liberal agenda objectives and our narratives and we see it happening left and right. we've got to resist that stringently and tell what happened the way that it happened. [applause] >> we are down to about three minutes. i want to ask you for a brief assessment of the strategy that has been laid out by the president to deal with this

threat of isis. >> well, there is not a strategy. [laughter] and i think that even he admitted that he didn't have one. so, as we see that, there is a real desire on the part of almost all americans to make sure that we deal with it. the threat is real. it is a threat against american interests and against american people. we need to understand that. and yet, what we need to do is make sure that we have a clear decisive objective and one that is strategically focused as the general was indicating and if we do not have that, then what happens is we have a lot of dollars that are spent, billions and billions of dollars that will be spent. and a camouflage of doing something to protect the national interest and yet it doesn't. but when you have people at the

state department says of her greatest national security threat is climate change, you've got an issue. how ridiculous is that when you have the fighting men and women today is the day we have to worry about climate change. it's just ridiculous. >> general? >> the question. what strategy. thank you congressman. what strategy would be the question and i would offer that we are in a very complex environment and the reality is it requires a strategy whether you are in business or any end effort to include the employment of national power both internally and externally. we are playing chess, not checkers, and our administration needs to recognize that. thank you. [applause] i'm going to close this out. i was asked to judge jeanine's

program saturday night and i went to the studio in atlanta and the question came up of how can we put 3,000 troops on the ground so quickly to fight ebola when we can't come up with a strategy to deal with isis? and here's my answer. america remember we got what we asked for. this president is thinking like a community organizer, not a commander-in-chief that takes the lives and futures of his soldiers, sailors, airmen and marines seriously. we have a community organizer that has surrounded himself with people that know everything about climate change, everything about marxism and everything about the lgbt agenda but virtually nothing about actual security and he is unwilling to listen to his real professionals. that's the military professionals. because he doesn't trust them because they represent something that he has never been able to

understand. and that is a love for america. may god bless you. give our panel a round of applause. [applause] ♪ >> let's hear it for them. great job. [applause]

up next a portion of today's washington journal on the census bureau annual report on health, poverty and income statistics for last year and some of the trends and policy implications of the latest data. >> the census report came out on health care coverage for americans and also income for americans. joining us to discuss that, speed up the "los angeles times" and charles nelson of the census bureau. >> the highlights were that there were around 13.4% of all

people that lacked health insurance in 2013. around 42 million people. we also saw that household income did not change significantly from 2012 to 2013. it stayed the same in real terms. but the number of the people in poverty poverty due to the client. data the client. 15%, 14.5%. this was the first time poverty has declined. in terms of property. >> 13.4%, 42 million americans do not have health care. how did that change since the implementation of the affordable care act? >> these numbers reflect calendar year 2013 so they don't really reflect the coverage under the affordable care act that occurred in the first two quarters. so i think next year it'll be interesting to see how the numbers change and how the composition of coverage changes. >> has 13.4 changed --

increased, decreased in the last four years? >> yes, since 2010, the trend has been towards increasing coverage and decreasing the uninsured rates. up until then it was rising slowly in the u.s.. the other trend has been since 2000 there has been a trend towards more government coverage particularly medicaid, and less employer-provided coverage which would probably change under the affordable care act. >> norm levey when you see the health insurance median number do they tie together a? >> i think in the sense a sense that income security and that is driving a lot of the public discussion right now i think that's true. i think the affordable care act is designed to go after part of that asian and that's why as charles mentioned we will probably see some change in that

part of the numbers. there's already some indication in other surveys that the percentage of americans without health coverage has declined quite substantially in the first quarter or two of this year. so that probably goes to part of that security question. the income question obviously still subject of debate in washington and still may be a problem looking for a solution. >> want to look at some of the numbers here and this is a chart put out by the census bureau. we will put the numbers up if you want to participate in the conversation about health care coverage and income some of the household finance issues that we often deal with you on the washington journal. the numbers are on the screen divided by the region of where you live but then we put a third line out as well for those of you that have entered the uninsured week would like to get your perspective as well so go ahead and buy all those.

42 million americans have no health insurance. and how do you -- does this mean no government insurance, no medicaid, medicare, private plan >> 271 million americans covered with health insurance. what percentage of that 270 million with health insurance are covered under private plans and government plans? >> certainly private coverage is the predominant coverage in the u.s. 364% of all people have private health insurance. most of that is through employment. 54% of all people have an employment-based coverage so somebody's employment either your employment, spouse or parent. but there's still one third of all people covered by government health care which is medicare, medicaid, veterans care, military health care.

and of the government coverage, medicaid is the predominant. medicaid has more people covered in medicare throughout 17% versus 16% and military health care covers four or five. >> the medicaid and medicare numbers shifted over the last ten or 20 years? >> over time the medicaid ten years ago medicare was more prominent than medicaid. so certainly with more children being covered by medicaid and what of states are covering more children with medicaid we also count the children's health insurance program with medicaid which obviously affects things. so yes this includes coverage of children as the medicaid number quite a bit. >> and the recession certainly the economic hardship is good to push people.

is it low or average? >> it down slightly from some of you last year. i think overall it's been relatively stable over the last couple of years, for a lot of policymakers at remains very stubbornly high and i think that feeling is the feeling is in part a discussion about are there additional things that could be done. one of the things that's interesting about the poverty rate and we can talk about this a lot more than i can but there seems to be two different stories underneath the poverty rate in terms of what's happening right with families and with children of what's happening with single adult. >> and what is the story? >> this year, child poverty dropped for the first time since 2000. child poverty rate in 2012 is

around 22%, and in 2013 at about 20%. that is the first drop in child poverty since 2000. we did see that the one factor that contributed to this is the fact that year-round full-time employment that parents with children grew by about a million between 2012 and 2013. so they year-round full-time employment is what drives a lot of these numbers. so groups with increases of your time and full employment of those are the groups that we have seen with drops in poverty and also the rises of income. so certainly the fact that child poverty is something that we track very closely in the census bureau is this issue was pretty significant. >> noam levey, you covered the healthcare beach. why have the medicaid and medicare numbers shifted? >> well as charles mentioned, there've been changes in the way the states run their medicaid programs. medicaid is -- for those of the

viewers who don't know -- it's a program that is jointly funded by the federal government and by state government. and so, each state runs its own medicaid program. and so, historically states have had a lot of latitude in designating how many of their residents qualify for the program. in some states historically have been quite generous in providing a government safety net program for people making as much as twice the federal poverty level in some cases including children's health insurance programs. some states haven't expanded that program over the years. poverty is a persistent problem so it's grown. at the main thing that's driving up now and continues to drive it as the eligibility. i mean, as public policymakers have grappled with a large and stubbornly high number of people

who don't have health insurance as employers have stopped operating coverage because it is too expensive, the vulnerable populations particularly children that have been left out have gained a lot of attention of the policymakers that try to respond to that and the affordable care act fix that in the next step so we will see quite a lot of medicaid increase further this year. 8 million new people have come onto medicaid who are previously did not have coverage through the program and that is going to grow because the affordable care act states the option to provide medicaid coverage to low-income adults. a population that was left out of government health care coverage. >> mr. nelson, i want to pick on you for just a second. 64% have health insurance, 33% through the government plan.

have those numbers been getting closer and closer? have you seen changes in those percentages over the last ten or 20 years? >> certainly over the last ten to 20 years the percentage of coverage through employment has been declining at least until up until recently. in the government coverage -- >> we have an aging population. the children's health insurance program. so that several factors are driving this increase. >> and do you see does the census here will get the trends as well and do they see the trend of the numbers getting closer and closer? things may change under the affordable care act. that is a big change. but up until now certainly the trend has been increasing in the

government coverage and declining private coverage. with the help exchanges and medicaid covered more people. >> one thing to add on that committee employer coverage that has been taken down but he steadily over the last maybe i think 20 years or more in the united states, but there is some indication that that may be -- excuse me, maybe reducing slightly as a result of the affordable care act and the thinking there is that because the affordable care act includes the requirement that people get health insurance coverage that some americans who have the option of taking a health insurance plan through work that didn't previously are doing so now. so probably the uptick i think most people don't believe it is going to be some substantial overtime that it will be a major

increase in employer coverage over the ensuing years but the decline may have halted and that is consistent with what happened in massachusetts. the state that was a model for the affordable care act. >> and "the wall street journal" this morning here's the headline. some insurers canceled plans for tens of thousands of consumers crossed the country and are set to receive notices this fall from their insurers canceling their health plans in the latest sign of how the aca is reshaping the insurance market. >> well, you may recall that this was a huge story a year ago. the affordable care act as a series of requirements on insurance plans that they cover a basic set of benefits. there are of course millions of people who had insurance on their own before the affordable care act wasn't lamented. and those -- the idea with the law was that those plans would be phased out and replaced by

new plans that would meet these standards. the issue here of course is that some people were not quite happy with their previous plans come and not too thrilled to get a notice from their insurer but the plan that they had before is no longer offered. the president last year in response to an outcry over this cancellation gave states the authority to effectively grandfather in some of these plans, which some states did for a period of time. ..se, those plans and others are finding out -- and we are seeing a little bit of a repeat of the phenomenon we saw last year. i should add that finally the scale of the cancellation, it appears to be thus far smaller than it was last year. that may not bear on whether this is as significant a political story as it was last year, but the scope of the

transition seems to be smaller now. george is calling from ann arbor, michigan. you are on with charles nelson and noam levey. please go ahead. caller: i have not heard this mentioned, but i dare suggest universal health same way the nights fund our military. meaning i pay taxes and i have the full coverage the army, navy, marines, cia, fbi. why can't i just pay taxes and have doctors and hospitals pay, just make it part of the tax system instead of what seems to be all of this, you know, battling in the weeds about health care coverage and,

different sectors of society having health care, you know, on, you have health care who you are married to, based on who you work for, based on maybe with these health exchanges in i hear some portions of country, including here in michigan's upper peninsula the health care exchanges don't work too well, there is not enough competition or health care providers. >> host: i think we got the point. mr. levey? >> guest: american health care system is the most complicated health care system on the planet. sometimes people say we don't have a one u.s. health care system, we have multiple systems. to charles's point earlier about the division of coverage in this country, it's correct, there is a government system for some people. there is an employer system for other people. there is a safety net system for poor people. one of the solutions is, as you note is to have a single-payer system as they call it, some

other industrialized countries have a more government-run system. canada, u.k., are two prominent examples. there are issues with that kind ofhe a system as well and if you asked your neighbors i suspect some of them may not be thrilled about the prospect paying more taxes, even if that would guaranty a universal health care system provided by the government. so we in this country haven't settled that i debate yet maybee will in coming years. >> host: rich, pensacola, florida, good morning. >> caller: good morning. i am enrolled in the affordable care act and i get a government subsidy of $454 and i pay 54 because i'm low income. last week i received notice, telling me i was no longer going to be insured at the first of the i year. i never have been about to the doctor exempt for six-mon checkup and i have to reenroll and reemapply.

>> host: did they tell you why? >> caller: no. as of december 31st, aetna will no longer insure me and i have to go back on the health exchange and reapply? >> host: noam levey. >> guest: i don't know reasons for your particular situation but i will tell you as a general rule, you should go back on the exchange anyway. anybody who o even hasn't gotten one of these notices to go back to goff governor or state insurance exchange -- healthcare.gov. for year to year none of the health insurances plans will stay the same. trying to think what a good analogy might be. if you go to favorite restaurant they may change sandwich options from time to time. you may have to look at the menu and choose. something else. particularly for people receiving federal subsidies to help offset the cost of their insurance plans, your income changes, your situation changes,

the health plans change, your subsidy may change. so it is very important to go back on to the healthcare.gov website this fall, look around. because you may have a better option and cheaper option than youdop this year. >> host: mr. nelson, does the census bureau extrapolate reasons why health care insurance coverage says are -- varies by state where minnesota and iowa, less than 10% uninsured, and texas, florida, nevada with 20% plus? >> guest: we certainly measure the extent of health insurance coverage and through surveys like the american community survey we get state, metropolitan and city area estimates of percentage of people uninsured. we don't exactly ask why people are uninsured but we know there are several characteristics that sort of guide which states have higher rates of uninsurance. you know, health insurance as a factor of economic well-being.

states with higher poverty rates, a lotit of low-wage workers, are going to have higher uninsured rates. so states like texas and florida where the uninsured rate is up over 20% are going to be a lot different than states in the northeast. we actually saw that a lot of southern states and western states have higher uninsured rates than northeast and midwest states. so definitely is a state factor. and under the affordable care act some of these differences may grow larger in the future because of medicaid expansion. some states accepting it and other states not. and that is something probably noam knows more about than i do but there is certainly a reason to keep on looking at these state estimates because it will probably change in the future. >> host: mr. levey? >> guest: no question about that. we talked about earlier how yen russ the health care safety net is in some states compared to

others. historically, northeast, upper midwest provided more generous as they made health insurance subsidized by the government available to more of their low-income citizens then states particularly in the deep south and some in the west. the other thing to note is, that traditionally states where there are larger employers, where there is more of a history of organized labor typically employers in those parts of the country, again, sort of northeast and upper midwest are more likely to offer health insurance than employers in other regions of the country. one of the interesting things that will happen under the affordable care act because medicaid expansion is an option, states with the highest rate of uninsured population now are the same states that have declined to take the federal money available through the affordable care act to expand their medicaid coverage. there is already some indication in on of the surveys that have come out since the census survey

that the gap is widening between statesga that have low uninsured rates and those that have high uninsured rates.lo one thing to watch is whether or not there will be some associated changes in the health of those populations. >> host: have you done any studies on the increased taxation that people have becausedo of the aca? >> guest: what do you mean by studies? >> host: have you done a report? have you looked at the taxation side of this? >> guest: how it is distributed? >> host: the law is taxed in multiple ways. so, there are taxes on high income inearns that are -- high-income inners are that paying fees. there are taxes on other health care industry being used to fund this all of which, or have been phased in over the last few years. i mean the enterprise of expanding health coverage

through the affordable care act is a multitrillion dollar enterprise over the next decade or two. one of the things that the architects of the law did was, they paid for it, and americans are going to be paying that bill. >> host: mr. nelson, does the census bureau measure health care costs? >> guest: we measure health care expenses, medical out-of-pocket expenses through several surveys and, so, yeah, so that is one of the things that we measure. and although today, the reports that we came out with, last, this month, didn't focus on that, but that is something we do measure. >> host: california, thanks for holding. you're on with our two guests talking about health care, income , et cetera, et cetera. >> caller: yes. i don't have any health care. i carried myself for three

years. and it is quite unaffordable to me the fourth year. making 50,000 and, my net is 35. and my premiums are 12. i just can't afford insurance anymore. my premiums went from 250 to $500. so, i don't know what to do. i'm a white-collar worker and you're talking about low-income people. so if you could tell me how i could afford this affordable care act, it would be a great thing for me to care about. >> host: noam levey,me any words for her? >> well i don't know what options would be available to you in your, in your area. i assume you looked on the healthcare.gov website for what would be available to you.

there is no question that there are a group of people like you who are making close to median income, who areme not going to qualify for government assistance in many cases to offset the cost of health insurance. and, in many cases that is going to put a huge burden on people likeli you. i guess my only suggestion to you would be to go back and look again this fall, when the new health insurance plans are posted on the marketplace in your state. look what is available and hopefully there will be something that willol be more affordable to you. >> host: nancy in texas, good morning. >> caller: good morning, sir. i speak to the older people, older generation every day. they do not like this law. they are on obamacare. they do not like it. they can't afford it. government can't do anything

right. ino mean look at, every agency n the government. it can't do nothing right. now it wants to take over our health care. what is wrong with this country? you people don't know what you're doingat there. i'm telling you. and, anybody that votes democrat man is out of hair minds. >> host: i think i will let that comment stand since we have a reporter and a census bureau figure on. i don't think either of you are going toco address her comments necessarily directly. but, charles nelson, i do want to go to this report, this chart, which also came out as part of youssr report. which is real median household income, 67, in $2013. 43,000 in 1967. peaking 56, 57,000 in the 00s and early late, '90s. now today it is at 51, 9.

i see 19% next to this. does that mean a 19% growth rate from 1967 or so? >> guest: exactly. from 1967 to 2013, income grew by 19% in real terms but more recently, we see it has been dropping. this was second year in a row which median household income didn't change in real terms after dropping for two years in a row the last recession? now even, even four years into the recovery, we're about 8% below median in 2007, and around 9% below the median around 57,000el in 1999. so we still have a way to go to be at the prerecessionary levels. >> host: does the census bureau extrapolate reasons for this? host. no. there are lots of factors. we saw this year there were more

year-round full-time employment. eight million more full-time workers in 2013 than 2012. the fact that median household incomee didn't rise in face of increasing full-time employment may tell us a lot of these additional workers and workers full time are levels below the median and they're not pushing up the household income median. you also have a lot of baby boomers retiring which, a lot of people reaching that retirement age in next, last couple years, retiring, their incomes are falling and that is probably depressing household income as little bit. but, it certainly, what you want to see is, when rising year-round full-time employment, you want to see that push up the median for all households. thus far it just hasn't. >> host: kimberly, washington, pennsylvania. good morning toho you. >> caller: good morning. i would like to make a comment about universal health care.

from what i'm hearing today from you guys, everything about the obama care, everything, is unstable. if you have it is going to change. pricesac change. income change all that stuff. i don't even make 6,000 a year. my governor didn't even sign off on medicare until this year. but what about all the people who died in between waiting? >> host: any comment you would like to add what kimler by had to say. >> guest: point out a sad fact of health care more broadly which is inherent instability which i think reflects in part the complexity of the system we haveco earlier we talked about. the fact that people's situations change over time. where people's income change. they move from one place to another. they're constantly having to make changes. one of the things that the affordable care act tried to do was to provide some level of

uniformity, at least in the sense that it would guaranty access to health insurance coverage, nose matter where you lived ine this country, which ws one osuf the largest variables n health care. because some states like not choose toid implement the medicaid expansion, that is changing that. but there is this continued difference between states. and i think what will happen, overtw time, is that there wille some level of stability that will come to the u.s. health care system but it is going to take a few years as this affordable care act, which is a huge change, to the health care system, as that ripples through, ing things will become more stae over time but it is going to be rocky. >> host: lewis, aurora, colorado. hi, b lewis. >> caller: yeah, good morning. nice lady from texas pretty much

said what i was going to say and a lot of us people on medicare think about this obamacare. i am on medicare, like a lot of my friend and, it has affected us in a negative way. the co-pays, costs for insurance, has all gone up. and one example would be the total out-of-pocket that they cover was $3900. now it is almost 6,000. that is just in two years. that is according to the new paperwork i got in the mail last week. so, my prescriptions went up 23%. so, that is an advantage plan i have. if i go on regular medicare, it is even worse. >> host: all right. we'll say good-bye to you there, lewis and bring in this tweet. from peg. is the slowing of medicare

costs -- >> we'll leave this conversation here for a live conversation now on increasing use of drones here in the u.s. and abroad. and how it all got started with remarks from author, richard whittle. the name of the book, predator, the secret origins of the drone. >> i'm thrilled to welcome you here. i serve as dhs executive vice president of corporate public policy. dhl group is a global leader in express delivery and logistics supply chain management. it is true that dhl, about a week ago, announced the following. and i quote. from a press release. for the first time worldwide, medications and other

urgently-needed goods will be delivered to the island of juice, which is in the north sea, at certain times of the day by dhl parcel copter. this research project represents the first and only time in europe that a flight by an unmanned aircraft, will be operated outside of the pilot's theater of vision in a real-life vision by taking this step, dhl parcel has moved to the next phase of the parcel copter research project it launched in 2013. end of quote. this innovative approach to deliver parcels however is not the reason for today's conversation. dhl's operations are impacted by public policy decisions

worldwide and obviously in the u.s. as well, for better or worse. dhl worldwide operates aircraft, runs large truck fleets and employs ocean vessels for transportation. our business is directly impacted by political regulatory decisions and regimes. that's why we engage in the public discourse on current public policy issues. the technology we will talk about today has impacted the political environment in a substantive way. who knows what further opportunities these technological advances will produce. there may well be applications for civilian use in the transportation and logistics sector. that is why we as dhl are

interested to learn more about richard whittle's research. equally important however is the fact that rich and i have been close personal friend for a little more than 30 years. we have worked together on a number of projects over these many years and i'm delighted and, it is a real privilege indeed for me that i can welcome our author, richard whittle and you interested in his work product, his most recent book on the development of drones. richard whittle is a global fellow at the wilson center and a research associate at the national air and space museum where he finished writing this book as a fellow during the academic year '13-14. most of you know that richard

has written about the military for more than 30 years, including 22 as a pentagon correspondent for "the dallas morning news." this book which came out just two weeks ago or so has accumulated quite some accolades from very different and very authoritative writers and media outlets. amazon selected the book as one of the best 50 in history books recently. the clerk's review gave coveted star review given for books of exceptional merit. "the wall street journal" called the book, predator, fascinating. "the washington post" said richard reporting in "predator" is methodical and credible. no maul feat that the lid of

silence air force, obama administration and general dynamics drilled under their drone operations even trivial part. the post review added that whittle's best material appears in the final chapters when he delivers action-packed details about how the cia and the pentagon used armed predators to hunt for al qaeda leaders immediately after mean 11 based on interviews with numerous participants. ladies and gentlemen, we are in for a special treat and richard, welcome, the floor is yours. [applause] >> thank you, wolfgang, for that very nice introduction and i think we also need to point out, beside the fact that it is coincidence that dhl started this parcel copter operation, that and my book is about the

predator, that your parcel copter is not armed so far as i know, all right? anyway, i'm very grateful to you, wolfgang, for your hospitality today and your friendship and thank you all for coming to hear about my new book, "predator, the secret origins of the drone revolution." it's a honor to speak to such a distinguished audience such as this especially when we have two former air force leaders with us today. former secretary whit peters and retired lt. general jack rives, who was the judge advocate general of the air force. i'm honored that you're here today. i'm also honored that retired general jack daily is here for an in addition to being former assistant commandant of the marine corps and former deputy administrator of nasa, general daley is director of the national air and space museum

where i have been enjoying his hospitality so to speak since the fall of 2013. first as a research fellow and now as research associate. thank you for being here, general, i appreciate it. but let me add, that neither the air and space museum nor general daley bear any responsibility whatsoever for anything in my book or anything that i'm going to say today. they are innocent. [laughter] it is also an honor to talk about drones at an event hosted by dhl which as wolfgang has just explained, is now doing what others have been talking about. and, i hope that in addition to delivering medicine, maybe some day you start delivering books. [laughter]. my book tells what i thought was going to be at story of an extraordinary airplane but turned out to be a story of invention, a story of war, a

store about the air force, and a story about the cia, and i believe a story of how a new age in aviation began. five years ago i set out to write a book about that new age in i have a veryization and at first i thought i would take a comprehensive look at unmanned systems or unmanned aerial vehicles or uavs as many experts like to call them. i read an article in air and space smithsonian magazine that described 10 aircraft that changed the world. one of the 10 and only uav was the predator. that brought things into focus for me. the predator was the uav that changed the world. and as i thought about what that meant, it seemed to me, more and more evident that the predator not only changed the world of warfare but opened the door to

today's unmanned civilian aviation revolution. that is story i wanted to write the story of the predator and the origins the drone revolution. as i found out five years writing this book took me, the story of the little drone that changed world is as strange as the aircraft itself. many of those who created this revolutionary technology were just as unorthodox as the predator. take the predator's inventor. abraham caro, former aviation nautical engineer many regard as a genius. he was born in baghdad in 193but grew up amid the socialist idealism that characterized israel in 1940s and '50s. he was director of design and special project as israel aircraft industries, the country's most important

aerospace manufacturer but abe grew frustrated by the corporate climate and cynicism he saw at iai in the early 1970s and after working on a drone decoy, to fool arab air defenses in 1973, he was inspired to strike out on his own and develop uavs much. kraem immigrated to the united states, the land of opportunity and like all great american inventtores he went to work in his garage. [laughter]. his, was in los angeles. now, as a young man in israel, abe had been a free flight modeling champion. and sports principles stuck with him. in flee flight competitions the goal to make a model airplane that can be launched by hand or towed into the air on a rope like a kite, and then soar as long as possible within a time limit without any remote or automated controls to keep it in

the air. abe care recommend knew all the tricks to make a plane soar well. in his los angeles garage he built a uav technology demonstrator that was truly innovative. karem called it the albatross, naming it after one of nature's greatest soaring birds his albatross offered phenomenal flight endurance, up to 48 hours without flight refueling, longer than any military uav flown during that time. based on his albatross demonstrator, karem got a contract from the darpa and develop a larger uav in similar configuration for the arm services. darpa named that little drone the amber. in 1989, a senior darpa official wrote in a magazine article that the amber provided an order of magnitude increase in the flight times recorded by previous uavs and that it had led the

joint chiefs of staff to establish a new endurance category in unmanned aircraft master plan ordered up by congress. yet largely for personal and bureaucratic reasons that i detail in the book, karem was unable to sell hess drones to the defense department and company he created to build them went bankrupt in 1990. but, thanks to some other unorthodox thinkers, abe karem's ideas, his revolutionary ideas about uavs didn't die when his company did. . .

they made the cover of life magazine. by flying a pace or around latin america during summer vacation. they decided to make the trip trip either way before they ever took their first flying lesson. [laughter] and that's because they were not just sightseeing. the blue brothers were born and bred entrepreneurs and hoped to find business opportunities they might pursue after college. and as a result of that trip after they graduate from yale, the established a -- on nicaragua. that venture on the last of the couple of years because the first of many but by the

1980s. now, as the name success began as a nuclear energy company and it still is one. but it got into the drone business after the blue brothers rotted from chevron in 1986. they had a number of reasons for thinking that uav might be a good investment among their motives was the desire to help the rebels in nicaragua overthrow the mini status who in 1979 had overthrown the business partners. the blue brothers first attempted the uav was a modified aluminum plane that they were trying to equip with a gps guided autopilot. the idea is that an ally of the contras, and i'm guessing the cia could tack the plane's nose with expletives and use it as a cruise missile.

neil also thought such a weapon could could seize or stop the soviet invasion of western germany through the anus gap. he'll wanted to call the the, cozy but dirty because he said that it was going to be priced cheap cheap cheap. [laughter] but i was surprised to learn as i dug into the history that the man he hired to run the company's unmanned aircraft operation a retired fighter pilot named thomas j. cassidy who gave the first uav what would later become the famous name, the predator. this unmanned plane had absolutely nothing to do with the predator that we know today except that name. but tom cassidy that leader proved the marketing and lobbying as well as the fighter plane. tom cassidy liked the name predator and chose it for the

uav. as i say in my book if necessity is the mother of invention and war is the mother of necessity. as with many technologies, especially aviation technologies, the war creates a necessity that gave birth to the predator and the key innovation that made it revolutionary. the war in bosnia and the difficulty of finding the artillery that was bombarding sirius and 83 led to the development of the second drone called the predator, which in fact was a derivative of a smaller less capable uav that have been designed called the 750. in 1993 the cia brought them to use in bosnia. in the photo at the bottom here the man to the right and demand has left who in 1993 was the cia deputy director of operations

and went to california to seal the deal for the director jim woolsey who have known him for years. john deutch created a program to develop and endurance vehicle created to 752 the military he was in a hurry and stipulated that the new uav had to fly within six months of contracting contracting activity is possible, he adopted an idea that his deputy have come up with. the new rapid procurement method called a technology demonstration. they gave the very first contract. the team of engineers brought with them the redesigned 760 and six months later the new predator made its first flight.

now i would like to elaborate on why i said this is about the air force and not about the cia. one of the first things i did when i began work on this book act in 2009 was the officers that had flown the predator and had been involved in the program in some other way and interviewed them and the more air force people i interviewed, the more i heard that i really needed to talk to a civilian air force official at the pentagon a former colonel with an unforgettable nickname and as icing found out an unforgettable personality. she knows more about the predator than just that. snake eyes would say was his real name. i don't know. everybody calls him sneak. [laughter] as the air force secretary while those his name is james and his

air force job these days is the director of intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance animation. but here is how i describe him in my book. in reality, clark worked -- [laughter] at least when you put the laser designator -- in reality this is what i say in the book. in reality he works in the service's two top leaders of the chief of staff and the civilian secretary of the air force. he was the very very secretary ended site operator plus canny about how to bypass pr crissy and relish getting things done as he liked to put it quick and dirty. this is partly why clark encouraged everyone to call him by his nickname, snake while the regulations required kernel state. [laughter] he consciously had the image of

of a sure route in slippery operator that might be dangerous if stephan. the reputation that he found useful. the sassy and unafraid to step onto those he was an acquired taste. he spoke to the pilot its flavor slightly acidic and when someone got in his way he played what he called pentagon poker. i see you the three star and raise you a four-star. while i am at him at the air force association annual meeting in september of 2009 and visited with him in the pentagon office afterwards. i went back again a month later and back again a month after that. and as i talked to him i began to understand that the predator was unusual not only in how the pentagon had bought it but also in the way of capabilities were improved. as the secretary peters pointed out to me the predator like the

first computers with a technology that some people found interesting but most were not sure how to benefit from. but over time a few of interested innovators came up with new software, new hardware, new communications architectures that transformed the personal computer from a novelty into a necessity. and that's much the same thing happened with the predator. at first it wasn't important, just interesting and only to a few people at that. many were not quite sure exactly what it could do for them. they offered phenomenal light and could stay up as much as 40 hours of shooting the video. but it was also slow and vulnerable. and while still photographs taken by the sr 71 and the satellites were familiar tools of the military intelligence in

the early 1990s, the full motion video wasn't. when the predator made its debut in 1994, it was just a platform through the video camera whose imagery was sent back to the ground control station and the trailer at the time went though further that by 2001, three years after the air force took charge it was the first weapon in history whose operators could kill a single individual on the other side of the planet from the position of ambush and a total invulnerability. that transformation was largely accomplished by a special air force unit snake clark introduced me to. the unit i never heard of it before even the hydrogen about the military for two decades. officially it is the 645th error multiple systems headquartered at the wright-patterson air force base in dayton ohio. but since it was established in

the 1950s, it's been called. here's how i describe in the book. created during the cold war to help the air force, cia and other agencies to keep an eye on the soviet union and its allies, they quickly evolved into a real world echo is the british secret service technology shop in the james bond movies. they didn't fix snazzy sports cars but like the below something committee was stacked with clever engineers and whose mission was to divide quickly. he was just more specialized beginning with its first assignment in december of 1952 and installing the largest aerial camera ever on the huge scene 97 cargo plane project

code-named. it was with special-purpose aircraft and often with the devices usually in a hurry and expressly the special mission. safari's director when the air force took charge of the predator was bill that's him on the right with secretary peters and snake clark you just can't see them. another retired colonel was civilian bill grinds and i revealed how he maneuvered on capitol hill tonight sure that they got to work its wonders on the predator. another orthodox thinker that orthodox thinker that played a pivotal role turning them into the changing technology technology is someone whose photograph i can show you. the techno- scientist with an extraordinary intellect and ability to got interested in got interested in the predator when he was still just in the technology by the army. snake clark called him the man

with two brains. in the book by mutual agreement i describe him in detail some of the major innovations he came up with for the predator. they include figuring out how to stream predator video live to the pentagon command centers from anywhere in the world, mapping out a unique satellite setup so that the big safari crew to fly the predator over afghanistan in the fall of 2000 from the ground control station in europe and creating a new communications architecture that made it possible in 20014 crews in the united states to fly armed predators to the other side of the globe for the first time ever. that's a little hard to see but that's a diagram of the air force diagram of how the system worked. as i explained in about making that link to the other side of the earth isn't as simple as subscribing to satellite tv.

you can't just shoot a signal to the geostationary orbit and bring it down on the other side of the planet. and you cannot hopscotch the signal from one satellite to another without the distance the signal travels into the process that you require a longer long the way introducing enough latency to lay the signal to make it difficult for the crew to fly the drone and probably impossible. they figured out how to break the system that holds the latency to acceptable levels and the air force is still using that essential architecture that is divided today to apply what they now call the remotely piloted aircraft. they are a world away from the bases here at home. that brings me to why the book also tells the cia story. because he came up with split operation to the air force could secretly fly over afghanistan in

the fall of 20002 help them find osama bin laden. and that ad hoc unit operator in air force intelligence personnel in the count osama bin laden in the cia. less than a year later they invented the remote split operation to give the cia the option of using an armed predator to kill osama bin laden without launching such a strike on german soil. i explained in the book by moving the ground control station out of germany. while the conventional wisdom has been that the cia armed predator and got to quote the one account of they decided that it couldn't be left behind i found the opposite was the case. the initiative to arm the predator was begun by air force general in may of 2000 not long after the combat command and for the reasons that had nothing to

do with the cia or osama bin laden. i explained his reasons and circumstances in detail in the book. but here is what the general told me. all i wanted to do was to be able to cure the problem that we had in kosovo, and that is the predator sitting there looking at the target. why can't you put something that allows you to do something about it instead of just looking at it it's true project to arm the predator gained a substantial momentum after the team in germany found osama bin laden in the fall of 2000. but the acceleration was largely the fact that the early 2000, richard clarke, the counterterrorism director of the national security council at the time, and the senior cia official named charlie allen had come to the conclusion that the united states needed to kill osama bin laden before he killed more americans as al qaeda had done in the bombings in kenya

and tanzania and as they would do again by bombing the u.s. on october 12, 2000. the air force conducted a missile test shot from the predator on january 23, 2001. and in the spring and summer of that year, cia leaders agreed to consider, and i emphasize the word rarely consider using this new armed uav to kill osama bin laden. despite the conception today that they have convicted using the strike to take out terrorists there was a great deal of unease before 9/11 that the idea of an espionage and analysis service controlling military weapons and an operation unlikely to headline such as cia uses drone to assassinate islamic militant. even so, the small country if of

the air force intelligence officers spent much of the early part of 2001 preparing for such. by the first week of september that year, most of the elements. this slide is difficult to see. but these are google earth photographs that show the campus of the cia on september 12, 2001. it shows a double wide home that served as the air force predator team command center. that small white rectangle next to it was the first of the two ground control stations that were put there to fly the first time over afghanistan. they were painted white to disguise them. my book describes in some details on the early operations that were conducted by the air force unit at this trailer park as some called it and i described them as they were described to me by those who

conducted and commanded. that includes the escape of the first night of the war in afghanistan of the taliban leader who as you may already know almost became the first target repealed by an armed predator. my book also includes what i believe to be the most accurate account of the predator's role in the death of al qaeda ranking leader and a military commander 9/11 osama bin laden's trusted friend. now i would like to explain why i think the predator gave birth to today's revolution. the drones have been around a long time and a company wide variety of configurations. by the 1990s, the uav technology was improving and the military was using were experimenting with several types but they were still in this

technology. given advances in the underlining technology, lightweight composite materials on a smaller and more sophisticated cameras on the digital communication, gps i think it's likely that in time the uav would have become more than just a new technology in the events. but as i said earlier, this necessity is an intervention. moore is the mother of necessity into the war of end of the war of the late 20th century produced a predator and the predator made the drones matter in ways they never have before. they physically armed predator 34 that now hangs in the national museum starting in january of 2001 and tested that spring starting with a static ground test. and firing the missiles and the target thinks. and then firing them into a building the cia had constructed to find out whether the missiles which were designed to kill tanks would kill osama bin laden

if fired in afghanistan. the contractor apparently misread the occasion and build a structure that had little resemblance to the houses in afghanistan. so the testers nicknamed at taco bell. [laughter] they were in a hurry at this point is to help measure, they had the usual mannequin but as you can see in this slide they used plywood and watermelons to simulate people. but while safari had levels in the cia getting prepared to send armed predator after osama bin laden, richard clarke was having trouble getting leaders in the bush administration to focus on the fact that he and others saw in al qaeda. the bush national security council held its first meeting to discuss the armed predator

after osama bin laden on september 4, 2001. while many of the preparations have been made with ground control station was already there. the cia or the military wanted to take responsibility for the truth so they decided to wait. one when we took one week to the day later of course everything changed. and the day after that three armed predators were on their way where they could take off and land. private or 3074 bearing no markings at the time and controlled from the trailer park at the cia launched the first predator strike in afghanistan on the first night of the war october 7, 2001. the strike i describe in some detail. three days later, president bush asked at a meeting like and we fly more than one predator at a time if we have to have 50.

in december of that year they gave a speech to the cadets in south carolina where he said before the war the predator had skeptics because it couldn't fit the old way and now it's clear they do not have enough unmanned vehicles. now as i said earlier, in the rapid advances and the component technology that is fairly certain that at some point the drones have evolved into more than just this technology anyway. but the definition of the technological revolution at the same of the scientific revolution the breakthrough moment would disrupt the thinking and the idea that seems to me that arming about predator and making it global remote control was just such a moment that was indeed a technological revolution. of course all i can offer is circumstantial evidence. but beyond president bush's statement at the federal and the fact that the cia has come to

rely heavily on the weapon there is this. as 2000 began and the entire u.s. military are they military only to do with just 82 unmanned aerial vehicles that predator, still unarmed at that point and the two small reconnaissance marine corps pioneer. the pentagon study issued in april of 2001, five months before 9/11, estimated that by 2010, the armed services might have as many as 290 in all but still only three types. when the 2010 arrived, the military had nearly 8,000 uav and i think another today is more like 10,000. today the air force is annually training more remotely powered aircraft operators and regular pilots. the army is fighting its own predator. the navy air force are

developing unmanned combat aerial vehicles. as many as 80 nations are building their own military uavs and the civilian use of drones have already outstripped the federal aviation administration's ability. in short i think they got it right. the predator changed the world because it disrupted the thinking and offered unanticipated ideas. wireless was a drug revolution -- drone revolution. thank you for inviting me to talk here. it's been an honor and in whatever time we have remaining i will do my best to answer your questions. thank you. [applause] >> thank you. that was great.

and i'm sure there are quite a few questions. if i make him a lovely start with two. to two added two additional aspects to this debate. they are legal implications from an ethical point of view, moral point of view. is this fair to go after people that may not have committed any crime when one just anticipate that they will? how do you look at all of this and what about the authorization of the drum drone strikes who can do this today as satisfactory, etc.? also you mentioned the countries that have drones. ten years down the road boarding the flight is this safe? [laughter]

>> there's a lot of their first question that gets raised a lot, the one question is is it fair for our military personnel to sit in perfect safety and kill people on the other side of the world, and my feeling about that is that if you accept the morality of the war to start with, commanders have two primary obligations. first is to win and second is to protect people as best as they can. i think that fairness is a concept that is very vital but it doesn't have a role anymore

into the general populace that we are not interested in fair fight. a fair fight. and so, i say nothing at all. i just think it's a red herring to say that there is something unfair about using this weapon and military operation. in many ways it is a great business and military. the whole area of the drones strikes targeted killings raises a different set of issues. as i think you know the military operates under title ten. the intelligence agencies operate under title 50 and presidential findings and executive orders. i think that if it wasn't for me, one question i have is whether we don't need the checks and balances on the executive branch and more information about how people are put on the

target list what the standards of evidence are. and i would be personally more comfortable if we had that kind of situation we have with the fisa court with the wiretap. i believe a judge has to approve a warrant in at least someone has to review the evidence. i have lawyers here that will correct me on the details, but a general principle i think is that i would like the executive branch to have more check and balance but they inform certain members of congress. i don't actually know whether they inform them before or after the killing has taken place but it's my understanding that those members of congress are not free to do anything with the information. surprising fact -- but see also it doesn't hurt the question of using drones. the principle is when the obama

administration issued a public memo on the legal justification for the killing of a à la budget that was much of it was redacted the certification was essentially that the government has the public authority to kill people in certain circumstances. is it, anyway, i think that it present a whole ending old area and that number of interviews only talked about, i don't remember the exact phrase, but the point is you don't have to use a drone to target someone and kill them, you can do it with a knife, too. so we have to decide whether this is what we want to be doing >> charlie stevenson. you've written about other

aircraft and you forget all about the predator -- you have written about the predator. how can the government do a better job dealing with these technologies? >> i mean in the acquisition why do we have situations like we have now the projects that have been going on for years and years i've thought about that a lot and i wish i had some answers. i would be a genius if i did because a lot of people work on this important these questions all the time. the interesting thing to me about the predator is that -- to be 22 takes off like a helicopter and flies like an airplane. and shorthand i call it the ugly

duckling that turns into a swan because it had a troubled develop and process but now it's doing wonderful things for the marine corps and the air force. so, 25 years and $22,000,000,000.30 lives lost and it became the great aircraft that it is today. it started out as a joint project in which all services were to be involved in it there were ten different missions that listed the requirement that went on and on and on and of the people designing and building it ahead of me. but the predator was almost like build it and they will come. it was a very simple list of requirements in only three or four in the memo in 1993. and i think that that obviously simplifies the process a great deal and i think the

requirements for the military equipment is where the system gets bogged down a lot because there is a kind of patience to ask for the impossible and i think the defense contractor have a great motive to say we can do that easy and it turns out not to be that way. so i think one of the areas that should be focused on is the whole process that we are having in the requirement and thinking about whether in the big safari developer predator in many ways one of their mottos is to look at the 80% solution. that isn't a bad motto. >> thanks for the great presentation. given this extensive hacking that we experience every day

with all of our computers here are the nsa -- how can we make sure and be sure that intelligence isn't going to be controlled by the hackers and then turn against another target in putting ourselves? >> the question is on a lot of people's minds. i would be lying if i said i didn't have an answer because i'm not an engineer. i'm a storyteller and i told the story by interviewing people who are experts. i am told however by people who are experts or out of this that at this point the military has encrypted the signals for all of the major uavs and that there is little to no danger of anyone

being able to hijack or even see the data that they are transmitting. someone else told me they could still be jammed. but as i say, that is certainly a risk but it's when one the military has fought about. we all know technology that was closely held. i'm wondering how detectable is the predator to the radar which is used, and what is the possibility that if we could reach the point in time someone could actually use that same

technology against the civilian aircraft flex >> there are countries out there trying. the chinese have a predator knockoff called the kerry back -- pterodactyl. and i think that the aircraft technology is not the secret. lots of countries may be able to duplicate aircraft like that. but the software and the communications architecture are very special and i think that very few countries would be able to duplicate that. now also the predator while fairly hard to detect, and i tell a story in the book about how when the captain scott swanson was piloting the predator over afghanistan looking for osama bin laden, the

taliban scrambled to make and the others members of the crew and ground control stations were bobbing and weaving and maneuvering of the aircraft to make it as small as possible. and that jet fighter pilot flew right by because the crew have roughly 82 miles per hour. and if it is painted gray as it was when they sent it into action send it into action over afghanistan it's pretty hard to see. but if you did detect if it is quite easy to shoot down. in fact be air force general told me the best way to shoot down a predator is to fly next to it in a helicopter with a 12 gauge shotgun. [laughter] so, i think other countries may

be able to duplicate aspects of the technology aircraft like this. i don't think that they are going to be successful in getting over our borders. i assume i hope in the world. i could ask secretary peters. but anyway, we have the sustainable defenses. and i don't think that we have to worry about people flying those kind of drones over our territories. the communications architectures are such that as the diagram shows the signal has to go from fiber-optic cable here under the atlantic ocean to europe where it joins a satellite terminal and goes up to the predator and i think it is a pretty expensive proposition. i don't think that many countries can do that. so, i think that the greater threat to us in america from the

unmanned aircraft is from the small unmanned aircraft even down to the sides if some the various group wanted to put some sort of explosives on it but that would just be a terror weapon. it would be wouldn't be of any military significance. >> i rambled on a bit playoff that i answered your question. yes ma'am. >> to follow on the last plate and look out into the future again on the uses of the technology could you comment on what you might expect it to look like, how is that going to be the look and how will that change the environment that all of the aircraft operate click >> i think that there is a gentle man and the federal aviation administration and jim

williams who would love if i could come given the answer to that question because that is something that the faa is struggling with and as i'm sure you know one of the big issues, one of the problems, one of the technical hurdles for people in the unmanned aircraft industry to get over its safety. for the pilot aircraft it has to be able to see to avoid the other aircraft. so there are lots of companies. the defense department are working on technologies to provide the uav ability to sense another aircraft or detect another aircraft and it is how heavy or how expensive the technology has to be. and without it, i think that there are definite run-ins to what we are going to be able to do with this technology because you can't just size with

aircraft you may run into other aircraft or fall from the sky and hurt people or cause damage or whatever. as a safety is a major concern and a major hurdle. we are not there yet. i'm kind of having looked at this story and in the book tells the story of how they came up with this remote spot operation involving the major problem that arose in the planned operation i'm very hesitant to try to predict the future because i don't think that a month before he did that they would have predicted the control of the other side of the globe from the united states. in fact, all of the other experts were saying this can't be done. we will have to shut down the operation.

so, but immi but also of the fact that when i wrote a book the book i wrote about it in the 1930s and the dream that inspired the aircraft and the dream of creating the aircraft and flying cars. we are still waiting for flying cars and i don't know how the air traffic control would work if all of us had the have the ability to suddenly decide i'm sick of this traffic jam i'm going to fly to the grocery store. there are some problems that may be undesirable. so i hope that helps. yes, sir. >> [inaudible] in a way this is a specific follow-up on the regard of

duplicating the drones. as you know a drone crashed in iran and we are able to reverse engineer and now they have their own [inaudible] were they able to duplicate not just the frame but also the electronics? >> you are asking me whether they were able to? i don't know, but i doubt it. i think it was interesting to me when they held a news conference and they showed this is the one the 70s until such previously have been known to report as the beast of kandahar because they would get glimpses of it from time to time. but when that was put on display they didn't show you the landing gear and they had a flag or something draped across the

front. and i have talked to people that know more about these things than i did and i suggested to them that they came in for a pretty hard landing and it's unlikely that it was intact when they found it. it looked like a strange beast. when they shared at the news conference. but i don't know the answer to that question. i mean, that's a classified -- it was classified aircraft. but i've also been told and i think that it makes more sense to me than anything else than taking it over and bringing it in lost like, if lost the signal and probably had a hard landing.

>> any comments or questions? >> you have it in the previous book about the 22 that is more of a characteristic program of its more incremental. commits more incremental. this is as you say a revolution in a tremendous story ended to be 22 is a great story, too. there are very few opportunities to observe a revolution as it happens in the defense industry. is there anything else on the future on the horizon that could approximate something of this magnitude in the aerospace defense in terms of the emerging technologies work requirements? >> i can count on you. i think if i knew the answer to

that i wouldn't be working on the book about it. [laughter] stack on that note, thank you very much. [applause] thank you very much and all of you for being here. for those that have not received the book with his signature, please i think that there are some copies left. thank you for joining us and see you soon i hope. [inaudible conversations]

if you missed any of this discussion a reminder you can watch 48 hours of booktv starting saturday morning at eight eastern. offers discussions and history of books all on book tv on c-span2. coming up tonight on c-span2 book tv in prime time focusing on american foreign policy starting with a debate on war and the constitution with john yoo.

last week the maryland governor martin o'malley was in new hampshire at the portsmouth democrat party dinner to speak and greet attendees. governor o'malley is considering running for president in 2016. the current term ends in january. [inaudible conversations]

[inaudible conversations] you know my son. he went to his house one time. [inaudible] she's wonderful. >> good luck. thank you. >> [inaudible conversations] it's great seeing you guys.

is this your tv producer? [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations]

house is going? [inaudible conversations] very good guy. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations]

it's good to see you. thank you for the support. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations]

how many years? twenty-seven? >> [inaudible conversations] >> he married up. [laughter] [inaudible conversations]

it keeps everybody close. >> even the mayor. [inaudible conversations] my daughter taught at the baltimore leadership school for women. my daughter is a teacher for america teacher at the baltimore city public schools. [inaudible conversations]

[inaudible conversations] >> it's happening faster than i think. thanks a lot. my daughter's name is grace. >> she's doing a great job. i'd like to meet her sometime. thanks a lot. yes ma'am. >> i'm actually the chair

epicenter. when you come back to town -- >> good love to see it. the old district? going back 102 years? is a lot of shipbuilding? >> yes. we are just opening it up now. we've been working on it since 2003. [inaudible conversations] >> if we don't remember it, we forget. >> i'm really honored to have governor o'malley here from maryland. when i was looking at all the things they wanted me to say, we

have a few small things in common. as you heard i worked for many years to promote the character of the city so that we would have a strong economic core and an excellent quality of life. and i know that you would do the same thing when you are the mayor from 1999. the mayor of baltimore. to enhance the empire empire meant so that more businesses thrive. second, you put enormous effort into protecting chesapeake bay and bringing back the population. and we know that you are celebrating that. [laughter] we wanted to give him a lobster tie or maybe an oyster tie. but we have been protecting the

great day for just the third largest of significance in the eastern united states. and we are dealing with nitrogen pollution, losing the oysters and many in this room try so that we can also save the great bay so that we can provide the nutrients that are needed to support the fish in this part of the country. so also, just to be a little facetious i brought you a photograph that my husband took. we had the honor and are very fortunate to live in terror that house is that these great staircases and i believe here

earlier in this fall and i happened to be in his house earlier this fall as well. and if so, you know, it's great to have someone who appreciates the architecture coming here from maryland. so i'm not giving this to you, you are going to sign it. [laughter] for 2006, this gentleman has been in maryland and you have been a truly outstanding job as governor. [applause] i have a few highlights in his career i failed to memorize, so i am just going to speak a little bit about his role as the governor, and also some of the other things that he's done. in the past he served in the

maryland legislature as a fellow for the senator mikulski. i should pronounce it correctly. then he was appointed the assistant attorney for the state of baltimore, and as you have served on the council from 91 to 99. so, look out how bright the future will be. and he was the chair of the legislative investigations taxation and finance committee. so you can see that when he became governor to be mayor and he also then went on to the governor that he brought with him his very strong financial background that has enhanced the liability of the state of maryland. ..