use ground troops as a first choice of military as a first choice. ironically, the point we make is a stronger military, the best way to avoid war is to prepare for war. have a stronger defense, have the tools. peace through strength is better than war through weakness. secondly, i think it's foolish for this president to unilaterally announce that we're not going to do. ..

to defend our nation, our vital interests and again i think you will see that whether against isis or any other threat we face as a country. i am a conservative republican and i said this before but this should abbey partisan consensus. it was a bipartisan consensus polled world war ii and throughout the cold war and it should be again. there should abbey partisan consensus. my hope is there are responsible leaders in both parties in the congress as well as across the country that will stand up to say this is vital to protect america's interest here and abroad to secure the homeland. our federal government is doing many things our founding fathers never intended. when the government tries to do everything it doesn't do the

correspondsability well. the correspondsability of our federal government is to secure the homeland, secure our nation. it is in the one thing in the constitution much the one thing federal government is ordered to do, one thing government is told it must do is secure our country. we're living in a time, this is remarkable. we are living at a time, government spending record share of our economy last few years. at the same time, we're spending a record low amount actually defending our country, post-world war ii. for the last seven years. think about that. we're spending more of our economy on the government at the same time we're spending less to defend our country. i think american people understand we've got, the federal government has got its priorities backwards. whatever you think about the role, size, scope of government the first, most important responsibility of government is to defend our country and by the way is more effective and better for us to do so ahead of time not only in terms of blood and

treasure but in terms of the danger and threats to our country than to try to lead from behind and lead through weakness. >> okay. we've got about ten minutes for questions. i'm going to begin. dov zakheim caught my eye first. he will observe the a-ei rules, wait for microphone and announce his name for the transcript and put his name in the form of a question. >> dov zakheim, spelled, zakheim, okay? the elephant in the room when you talk about spending more on defense, something i had a face when i was in charge of the defense budget in the early 2000s, is the sequester. in fact leon panetta, who is really a straight-shooter, complains when he argued against the sequester, he had nobody to back him up.

presumably, if there's a change in a couple of years, we will fight to get rid of the sequester. do you see any possibility of doing that before the next two years are up? >> i think, obviously a lot will depend on november elections. i'm hopeful harry reid will be retired as majority leader and i'm hopeful nancy pelosi will not return as speaker. i agree with the premise of your question, sequestration when it comes to defense cuts was absolute mistake. added on top of president obama's own reductions to secretary gates baseline, you add impact of sequestration on defense, you have nearly a trillion dollar reduction what was the last responsible assessment what the pentagon actually needed and secretary gates i would propose, i would argue he didn't go far enough. that was the last time there was reasonable threat analysis. just remarkable to me, that the president in face of a speech, simply throw out his own secretari' work and pick

arbitrary political number and congress would impose arbitrary reductions on those arbitrary reductions. it was police take for the republicans to accept sequestration cuts in defense. we need to continue to shrink government in my view. when it comes to defense, i think sequestration cuts if defense were a mistake. if they were honest, even the administration would admit they played a bad game of chicken with the nation's defense and we all lost. they thought what they knew to be bad policy on table for political reasons. i think, i think it is irresponsible to play, men and women in uniform who will suffer first and suffer the most, they're the ones who are going to be tasked with missions without resources it is simply irresponsible to send them on missions without the tools they need to successfully complete those missions. absolutely we need to undo the sequestration impacts within the

defense portion of the pentagon budget. >> i will identify young woman hidden behind. >> thank you very much. thank you for your terrific, targeted speech, governor jindal. elizabeth sinclair, regular citizen. millions of americans, many of whom who worried about obama's much o from the start, believe president obama effectively waging software against the united states himself. should we be lucky enough to survive two more years of these clear and daily dangers, what arsenal tools do concerned if not terrified americans. >> what tools? >> what kind of arsenal tools? >> sure. well, look, a couple of things. one i think i would encourage everybody that is concerned to be active this november. we can't wait two years. we need to start taking our government back. we can do that best right now with these elections right ahead of this. i will say this. i've been a vocal and persistent critic of this administration policies on number of areas. i called for repeal and replacement of obamacare. i'm suing the federal department

of education over common core as breach of tenth amendment to the constitution. i called the eric holder lawsuit against our school choice program hypocritical, cynical and immoral. i called for eric holder to be removed from office over "fast & furious." i could go on. i'm not a fan of administration. there is reason i don't get invited to the obama white house for dinner. but i will say this, but i've been very specific in the concerns of threats facing our country. i believe those to be true. i'm still an optimist about the future of our country. i still believe in my owns bones this is the greatest country in the history of the world. despite the challenges we've seen under this administration i think it is within our reach for this generation to renew principles of freedom. i don't think it is inevitable that america remains greatest country. i don't think somehow etched in our dna we're wonderful and blessed with resources and oceans and other great things, but that doesn't make us

ininevitable great. the founding fathers got it right, trusted us with freedom and put it in the founding documents. put it in our political dna and culture. our 40th president was right, every generation has to renew our principles of freedom. this is our generation's turn and time. i think it is up to us. as a word of encouragement i'm frustrated. word is more chaotic place. to your reasons, can not point to say it has become safer or better since this administration took office. remember this administration, i remember the oceans were supposed to be healed. we were supposed to reset relations. world would love us. he gave as you speech in cairo that would solve everything. instead the word is much more chaotic and more dangerous place but i don't want the american people to become so frustrated or depond end, our best days are behind us. i don't think that's true. i think this is a great country. still within grasp to renew principles of freedom.

we have work to do on the word stage. i also say we have work to do at home. that means restoring the american dream to remind folks through our policies and rhetoric, the american dream is not about government dependence, not about redistribution, not about taking from others, about equality of opportunities, not outcomes. that is another speech for another day. the one of the most dangerous things this president has done at home to redefine the american dream. we have great work to do there restoring american dream here at home. the good news i think it is still doable. my parents came to this country 50 years in search of the american dream. i think that dream is possible for their grandchildren. we have work to insure it remains possible for our children and grandchildren. >> go to the back of the room. gentleman who has been standing up, need to be rewarded for his endurance if nothing else. >> mitch munson with the hamilton society. is it imaginable we will have the resources to reach and maintain 4% gdp investment in

defense without some pretty uncomfortable reform of entitlements? >> couple of things. one, first half of your question, we absolutely have the resources because, to my mind we've got to fund defense first. to my mind you fund defense first. the commitment, resource it is takes. again guideline is 4% but based on strategic analysis. doesn't mean automatic 4% on autopilot. it needs to be informed. if we're consistently underinvesting a over period of time that should be a warning flag. we need to put aside those resource. that is the federal government's first responsibility. then we decide what we need to do as country. our first obligation is to defend our country. to the second half of your question i think we need to reform our entitlement programs separate and apart what we have to do in defense. the reality the entitlement programs are not sustainable in their current trajectory. what did this president do when he came into office? he simply added another entitlement program to the ones

we have when we can't afford to do what we promised to do today. i think to maintain the promise of our entitlement programs, typically medicare, medicare, social security for future generations to keep the promise we do have to reform and strengthen, improve those programs through america next. we shared a program on health care reform that specifically talks about some things we can do in medicare and medicaid in particular. abs chutely we need to reform those entitlement programs. that is separate, above and beyond what has to be done in defense. that is simply to make sure we maintain the promises we made. make sure we strengthen and improve those programs for future generations. that's simple math. you listen to the non-partisan actuaries of those programs, especially medicare and social security, those programs, when you look at medicare part-a truth fund, one example will run out of resources before we finish paying for health care benefits to the baby boomers and others entering that program. so absolutely we need to reform the entitlement programs.

i was ed on national bipartisan commission on future of medicare back in the '90s. there was a bipartisan proposal supported by republicans and democrats and groups like dlc, "wall street journal," the ama about a concept version of premium support. it is possible to do it in bipartisan way to reform the programs to strengthen for future generations. yes, we need to reform the programs. that is true regardless whether people agree with me or not about the need to invest in defense. >> that -- all the time is gone. i'm very sorry about that because this was a very important conversation, governor. and, i think it will be our job to get you an invite to the white house to give the commander-in-chief to white house very dearly needs. >> apparently not that hard to get in. [laughter] >> only if you're carrying a

weapon i think. by failing that, our doors here are always open to you. thanks for joining us. >> thank y'all very much for having me. [applause] [inaudible conversations].

>> this morning the atlantic council hosts a discussion about online voting, the technology behind it and its potential effect on future elections. watch it live at 9:00 a.m. eastern on c-span2 and c-span.org. >> our campaign 2014 coverage continues with a week full of debates. tonight at 7:00, live coverage of the pennsylvania governor's debate with incumbent governor, republican tom corbett and democrat tom wolff. live coverage of the illinois u.s. house debate for the 17th district, u.s. representative shari abuse toes

and republican bobby shilling. live coverage of the illinois governor's debate. friday night, live at eight the 8:00 eastern, the wisconsin governors debate between incumbent republican scott walker and democrat mary burke. saturday night at 8:00 eastern with bruce a braley and state senator republican joni ernst. live at 8:00 p.m. sunday michigan, between rick snyder and democrat mark shower. c-span, campaign 2014. more than one one debates for the control of congress. here are just a few of the comments we recently received from our viewers. >> i'm calling in reference to the show concerning the secret service organization hearings. which linda pierson was presented. i think that it was a good show that c-span put on. i think the message that should

be taken from this show is that we're falling short of protecting the white house. the whole person of the secret service organization was put in place to protect the white house and the president of the united states. how we came to defend ourselves and even our secret service organization can not defense a small place like the white house and a small family like the president's family. >> hearings for, about the secret service, i do not like intel or secret service hearings. most of their questions can not be answered in an open forum. pierson does know what she is talking about and the stats but she can't say in an open forum rum. they're now after the hearing is

over, and in a closed hearing, all of them, all the congresspeople, but they're not going to be able to tell you either or the media because they took an oath not to. i hope everybody out there gets it out there in conspiracy land. and thank you, c-span. >> c-span is probably my favorite channel to watch, but i am absolutely dumfounded the attitude of congress that pervades this injury, with the exception of mr. lynch of state of massachusetts. this whole thing is extraordinary in its meekness. action should be taken now, immediately, whatever her name is, the head of security.

and just to revamp the whole thing and it shouldn't take but a matter of days to fire those who should be fired and replaced with top of the line security people. this is job that requires the crem day la crem. you know they're not guarding a warehouse. frankly i'm furious and, and it takes a lot to get me in this mood. takes me a lot to pick up the phone to call c-span. i rarely do things like this but this is extraordinary. let's get it cured and cured quickly. >> continue to let us know what you think about the programs you're watching. call us at 202-626-3400. email us at comments @c-span.org. send us a tweet at c-span #comments. like us on facebook. follow us on twitter. >> on monday former president bill clinton spoke at a campaign rally for arkansas senator mark rye i don't remember on the campus of the university of

central arkansas. a recent cbs news "new york times" poll has senator pryor trailing his opponent, tom cotton, by 4%. this is 40 minutes. >> welcome to the stage, your team that is putting arkansas first. patrick henry haze, mike ross, senator mark pryor, governor mike beebe, and president bill clinton! [cheers and applause]

[cheers and applause] >> good afternoon. good afternoon. i am patrick henry haze and i'm going to be your next 2nd

district congressman. let's go get them. all right! let me first of all say great to be in the city of colleges. it's a terrific afternoon and i will tell you, the energy that each of you are giving us on this stage it is extra ordinary, it is terrific and it pumps up. we have two weeks to early voting. we'll start voting a lot on early voting on the 20th. [applause] four weeks from tomorrow, is judgment day and we know what kind of judgment we're going to have for all of us up here on this stage. so thank you for being here and helping that judgment come. good for democrats. let's go. [applause] in two days, my grandson, harper, will turn six. in one week, on

october 13th, my granddaughter, isabella, middle grand daughter, will turn 10. my granddaughter savannah, turned, she turned 12 on july 25th. now, mr. president, i think it was 11 days ago that you became a grandfather, right? [cheers and applause] september 26th, at 7:30, charlotte, came into this world. now, i talk about my grand son, if he lives another 84, 84 years, no, 86 years, then he might very well see the next century many. and it's possible, he would be 91 years old, now, charlotte, she would be, what, 85 years old, plus three months. in the next century, would very well be on us. so i'm up here, for that

generation, i'm up here for your generation and i'm up here for our generation because we've got to make changes in washington. we surely get this started. [cheers and applause] what republicans did one year ago, i like to say in honor of twomy two grandchildren in honor of them with birthdays, they shut down 16 days. wasn't that in honor for the two of them that had birthdays. we can't let that happen. that was a travesty. that was wrong. that was not this government is to do. government is supposed to work for you. that is it what we did at 24 years in little rock city hall. we didn't shut down because we disagreed. we found way ways to make things happen. that is one of the things i'm proudest in the 24 years i had chance to serve as mayor of little rock, that people told me you made things happen. we wanted to make things like

verizon arena, raise your hand how many had a chance to go there or dick stevens ballpark or our trolley, our trail system or the things that make people's lives high quality and good place to live and good place to be. we want to do that for the seven counties that we represent in central arkansas. we want to do that, for this state and for this country and come november the 4th, we're, with your energy and your blessing we're going to make it happen. i wanted to come an join with these three candidates, these democratic candidates who care. they care about you. they care about tomorrow. they care about the future of this country. so just let me say, that we are up here to make things happen. we're up here to go to washington and insure that we find ways to make the lives of our children and grandchildren better. and by gosh, we're going to do it, because we don't intend to sit still and don't intend to take no for an answer. we'll find a way to make things happen and make washington functional again. i wanted to tell you, that i am proud as i have ever been, to be

on this stage with certainly, my fellow democrats, mike ross and mark pryor. bill clinton, god bless you around all what you do for the world. so let's go get them, go get them now noll enough the 4th!. thank you very much. >> patrick henry haze! [cheers and applause] and now, city of conway, welcome arkansas, the next governor, mike ross. [cheers and applause] >> hello. hello, conway. how about those uca bears? [cheers and applause] my name is mike ross and i am proud to be the democratic nominee for governor of the great state of arkansas! [cheers and applause] mr. president, welcome home. [cheers and applause] i'm running for governor to grow

the middle class. i want to build on the foundation that governor beebe has laid, especially in the areas of education, lower and fair taxes and more and better-paying jobs. education, we need to start sooner, an finish stronger. that is why i have a pre-k plan. if you're a parent and you have a four-year-old and want them in a pre-k classroom, there should be a desk for them, regardless of your income, regardless of your zip code. [cheers and applause] in congress i voted to increase pell grants and cut student loan interest rates in half. we've got to continue to make college within reach for more young arkansans. [cheers and applause] and for those who do not choose college we need a renewed focus on career tech. so young people can learn a skill, they can learn a trade, get a certification and they can get a good-paying job. in doing so helps provide our state with a educated, trained

and skilled workforce we need to attract more and better paying jobs to this state. lower, fairer taxes. a single mom working two jobs to make ends meet, earning 34,000 dole a year paying same income tax rate as someone making $340,000 a year. there is nothing fair bit. as governor we'll fix it and we'll fix it in a fiscally responsible manner. [cheers and applause] and women in arkansas, they should get equal pay for equal work. [cheers and applause] we have a plan to address that as well as a plan to address to protect survivors of domestic violence and protect them. [applause] this campaign's not about me, it is not about any of us up here. it is about all of us. it is about arkansas. it is about the future direction of this state. are we going to build on what president clinton and governor beebe started here? are we going to turn the clock

back? let's move arkansas forward. here is what i need to you do. number one, mark your calendars and on october 20th, get on facebook, get on email, and text everyone in the world that you know, that lives in arkansas, and tell them, early voting has started. tell them why you're supporting the folks on this stage and encourage them to get out and vote early. and then mark your calendar for november the 3rd. get on facebook and text and email on november 3rd, say, hey, if you didn't get around to voting last two weeks, tomorrow is your last chance. elections do have consequences. all these races are very close. we're working night and day. i'm asking you to join us over the next 29 days. if you will help me, between now and november the 4th, i promise you i will work my heart out for you, for the next four and hopefully the next eight years. let's move arkansas forward.

thank you and god bless. [cheers and applause] >> the next governor of arkansas, mike ross! and now, welcome to the stage, our senior united states senator for arkansas, senator mark pryor. [cheers and applause] >> thank you. thank you. thankthank you, arkansas. so great to be with you. thank you so much. i love this crowd. i love being on uca's campus. thank you very much. mr. president and governor beebe. there is one other governor we need to recognize, that is governor david pryor over there. let's give him a hand. [applause] these three former governors know what i know and that is, mike ross is going to make a great governor. [cheers and applause] you know the election is four weeks from tomorrow, and we have a lot at stake. now, let me tell you, i didn't

come here to talk about my opponent but, let me take this opportunity to do so. [cheers and applause] since we're on a college campus i just can't resist to say, that my opponent voted for huge cuts in the pell grant program. [booing] he voted to cut or, double the interest rate on the stafford student loan. n booing] in fact, you know, he went to harvard, right? i know. he couldn't get into uca. what can i say. [applause] but he went to harvard and when he went to harvard, you know how he paid for his education? stafford student loans. you know what? he says he wants to eliminate the stafford student loan program. can you believe that? that is called climbing the

ladder and pulling it up behind you once you get up. listen, he refused to sign the minimum wage petition. he voted against equal pay for equal work. right now in this state, women in arkansas, when they're out in the workforce, they only make 77 cents on the dollar and i'm prepared to change that in washington, okay? [applause] and he is also the only one in the arkansas delegation of any of us, democrat or republican, in washington, the only arkansan in washington who voted to change the age of medicare and social security to age 70. okay? let me tell you something. i'm on your side, right? i'm on your side. and there is a sign on my desk that says it all, that my father gave me when i came to the senate, the day i was sworn in. it says, arkansas comes first. right? arkansas comes first. that's what i mean. you know, he has his billionaires and you have seen

their ads on tv. he has his billionaires but you know what i have? i have you. i -- [cheers and applause] i have the people of this state and that is how we win this race. we win this race one day at a time. we have 30 days left to the election. 28 days left to the election. every single day counts. we've got to get out there, knock on doors, make phone calls. today's the last day of voter registration. early voting starts on october 20th. listen, this is crunch time. this is the time for all of us to kick it in gear and get all these democrats elected. amen? now, if i were on the senate floor right now i would ask for what they call a point of personal privilege. and that is, mr. president, or should i say grandpa? grandpa? can i get a selfie? [applause] right? let's do it. let's do it.

[cheers and applause] hold on. let's do it. we're going to do it. right there. there we go. we got it. thank you. thank you. [applause] >> and now, please welcome, the most popular governor in the united states of america, governor mike beebe! [cheers and applause] >> thank you. thank you. thank you. i didn't, i didn't know what we were coming here for today. i thought, i thought this crowd was gathered because you found out i just gave a half million dollars to uca and you wanted to thank me for it. [cheers and applause]

i didn't give them anything. it was your money. it is taxpayers money. i don't know how how we can spend taxpayers dollars for anything better than creating jobs and education. if we get those things right, we get everything right. [applause] which leads me to really talk about, am i going to steal your thunder if i mention something you talked about on the phone the other night? >> no. >>. those that don't know the president, probably, he gets by on four 1/2 hours sleep a night i think. and he loves to call you at all hours. and he can't stand to be alone, so if he gets bored he just starts calling people. so the other night i'm watching a football game or something on tv, and my cell phone rings and it's the president. and usually his people call

during the day but i guess he had run all them off. so he is calling himself. and he says, i'm going through these polls in arkansas and i'm looking at all these stats and one of the things that stands out is that people view mike ross and mark pryor as individuals who can work with everybody, regardless of their political party, and can bring people together, and can solve problems. that is what we ought to be talking about. we ought to talk about who they are, versus who their opponents are and how they can work together. [cheers and applause] i wasn't going going to do but m deciding i'm going to do it. pat hayes opponent is a smart guy. he is a good guy. he has worked with me and he has helped me and he worked with the last legislative session on some

major issues. so imagine my disappointment, when for pure political purposes during a republican primary season, he came out, knowing better, against the private option, which is insured 200,000 people, saved our hospitals, spent our tax dollars in arkansas, instead of spending them in california and taking care of arkansas people. and he came out against that just for political votes when he knew better. that is it enough reason right there to tell you we want somebody who will stand behind us and not take cheap political shots. [cheers and applause] if there is anybody in washington, who decries the overt partisanship and in ability to get anything done across party lines and try to do away with gridlock.

if any human being up there personifies that willingness to work together get stuff done, senior senator from arkansas, mark pryor. we need more mark pryors and less of that other stuff. [applause] i don't know if that is a dog behind me or whatever it is. whatever it is i think he sound like a democrat. [applause] president said that is a yellow dog. i've known mike ross and served with him in the senate and he did precisely in the united states congress what mark pryor has done in the united states senate. he tried to figure out how to move the country forward and work together in a fashion that allows problems to be solved rather thanked idealogical differences to divide us in a fashion that nothing happens. if you want somebody who will

take a divided legislature, republicans and democrats, somebody continues gone on with previous governors, trying to put arkansas first and make arkansas move forward, mike ross is your man. mike ross will be the next governor that very reason. he works with all kinds of people. [cheers and applause] i'm not going to presume that every human being in this audience is registered to vote. i'm going to assume almost all of you are registered to vote. i will not embarass anybody and ask for show of hands, this is the last day to go register. anybody in this audience not currently registered, please go do it. are we registering anybody here as we speak. >> find someone with a clipboard. >> there is somebody with a clipboard in the back. look at them. there they are. and if you are not registered to

vote, i don't want to have you registered in washington, d.c. last week. only want you registered in one place. but if you haven't registered, please do some every vote counts. a big turnout means these folks win. big turnout by good, smart, educated, hard-working college students makes all the difference in the world. uca needs to lead the way in that record and show everybody. [applause] now it is my pleasure to introduce somebody who doesn't need a introduction but i enjoy introducing him this way whenever i get the chance. ladies and gentlemen, the 42nd governor of arkansas, bill clinton. [applause] >> thank you. thank you.

thank you very much. thank you. hello, uca. [applause] and thanks for letting other people come. i saw henry stein back there. thank you for coming. [applause] i want to thank president courtway and entire uca staff for having us here. representative steve mcgee. representative tommy thompson. frank shaw. candidate for the house. connor pierson, candidate for the senate and graduate of clinton school for public service. [applause] our candidate for lance commissioner, mark robertson and john and penny buck halter. john is running for lieutenant governor. a long time friend of mine. i appreciate the support for him. i'm glad to be here for pat hayes, for mike ross, for mark

pryor, with mike beebe. there was a hilarious headline in a website called "real clear politics". and this is what it said. clinton goes back to the briar patch, control lon, his arkansas obsession. thank goodness, vince talked to the reporter. you don't understand. he comes back here all the time. i was in faulkner county the other day to look at tornado damage. i buried two cousins and one of my mother's best friends this year. i'm about to go to my 50th high school reunion. i hate it but i am. in november we'll have the 10th anniversary of the presidential center in little rock. you're all invited by the way. i hope y'all come. [applause]

i love my native state. without you i wouldn't have had a chance to do anything. and, i didn't come back to the brier patch. i'm here. i came back to the future, the future of arkansas and the future of america. that's what you represent. [cheers and applause] so the first thing i want to say is, you probably figured this out. this is not an ordinary election. you see the polls, they're all over the place. tell you a little secret about polls. they're all correct. you say that is not possible. but it is possible. it depend on who they poll. and they have to figure out what's a percentage of people by race who are going to vote. what is a percentage of people by gender who are going to vote and for the most important thing here, what is percentage of people by age who are going to vote. these people are here with these clipboards because there are more than 10 people in this

place that aren't registered. we're here and we're going to other campuses because historically in non-presidential years because there is a big drop-off in the youth vote. and the opponents of these candidates are betting there will be this year and i'm betting there won't be and it is up to you. [applause] nobody has a bigger stake in this than you do. so i want to urge you to register and i want to urge to you vote and i want to tell you why. first of all, there's a reason mike beebe has the highest approval raying of any governor in america. he doesn't rin away from his party label. he is proud to be a democrat. he has been for progressive things but he beliefs he should listen to and work with everybody. it is sort of in our dna down here. i was raised to belief that couldn't possibly be right all

the time. so i never said to anybody, it is my way or the highway. i also believe we have to share the future. we have a future of shared prosperity and shared responsibilities. that means we need to share the decision making. that is the way things are. and we're too little to fight all the time. here is what i want to tell you. my foundation, we work all over the world right now. i have three people working for our health access initiative four in liberia, where the ebola outbreak occurred. we were running an aids program there, they asked them, the government did, can you please stay, we don't have a health system. will you help us organize a response? and, in our family we say a little prayer for those four people every day, that they won't be infected and that they will turn the tide. much here is what i know.

everywhere in america, and everywhere in the world people are working together, good things are happening. everywhere people fight all the time and think constant conflict and division, and my way or the-way is the best way, good things are not happening. so you have a choice. mike beebe's popular because because arkansas has the biggest drop in percentage of uninsured people, people without health insurance in the country. we rank number one. [cheers and applause] people say i really don't like that health care law. 200,000 working families and their kids have health insurance because of it. [cheers and applause] now, you got a good model here. just below us is louisiana. they tyke my way or highway deal.

we'll not take that medicaid money, not us. it is all bad. so what happened? we rank first in the country in the percentage of people who got health insurance. and they're near the bottom because they wouldn't take the expansion and give working families a chance to insure their kids and themselves. and guess what? it has just been announced it is estimated that under the private option program, insurance premiums in arkansas will actually go down this year 2%. down. [cheers and applause] now, why is that? because if you're under 26 and under parents policies or get in the priced option, when you need health care you're not uninsured. if you get health care when you're uninsured somebody else has to pay the bill. what happened in our neighboring state, louisiana? blue cross there asked for a rate increase of 18 1/2%. the difference on average across

the nation is $1800 a year to families who are healthier and have more money in their pockets because mike beebe did the right thing, working with democrats, republicans, independents, anybody who cared about putting the people of arkansas first. [applause] and, same thing is true in education. you know what the national average high school graduation rate is? 81%. you know what it is in arkansas now? 84. [applause] and the real reason all these student loan issues are so important that senator pryor was talking about is, we're still not above the national average in the percentage of people who go to college and get degrees. they're almost 250,000 arkansas adults who have done time in an institution of higher education an couldn't finish their degrees, mostly for economic reasons. so we got a big opportunity

here. when pat hayes served for 24 years as mayor of north little rock, we've known each other every day of those 24 years and then some. i can tell you because i was president during eight of those years he became one of the most highly-regarded mayors not just in arkansas but in the united states because he balanced 24 budgets, he cut the size of government, he increased the scope of their activities. all what he is talking about, you really think he got the ballpark and arena and caterpillar there dealing only with democrats? no, he dealt with everybody and treated everybody right and his word is good. he didn't wake up in the morning thinking i wonder who i can make mad today. if i make the right people mad, somebody from out-of-state will send me a big check. you're laughing but it's true, isn't it? everybody is trying to hijack our politics and you have to own it here because only your lives

will be affected. after this election they will go off to worry about something else and you will be stuck with the people that get elected. so, mike ross, i've known since he was a teenager when he drove me around in the governor's race 32 years ago. he probably wishes he were still a teenager. i knew he had something even then. and you got an unusual opportunity in the governor's race panned the senate race because all four candidates have served in congress. and they have all got a record. mike ross and mark pryor have proven that they will work with anybody to get something done. and that they hate inaction and gridlock and shutting the government down and not anybody doing anything for anybody else. and they have done it under republican as well as democratic presidents. mark pryor was one of 14

senators, seven democrats and seven republicans, who made an agreement when george bush was president to break the gridlock on nominating federal judges. you know what happened? he got a higher percentage of his nominated approved than i did or than president obama has. why? because they broke the gridlock. because as democrats we proved we were willing to work with them. mike ross was a leader in the so-called blue dog caucus. they were always pushing through bipartisan budget bills and solutions to props. their opponents can't say that. mark's opponent voted against the farm bill. 36% of our gdp is tied to agriculture. that is a really good move. he said, i had to do it, they polluted it with the food stamp bill. the food stamp bill has always been in the farm bill. by the way we're spending way less on food stamps because unemployment rate is going down.

[applause] but the money goes to farmers. and, you heard mark talk about all those other votes. but, i just want to say, that we know what they will do by what they have done. if you like mike beebe style of leadership, you got to vote for mike ross and you have got to vote for mark pryor because they will do it. now just think a minute about what the attack against them has been. every, they're really running against the president, aren't they? so now, they see these polls. the president is unpopular in arkansas and, yeah, the economy is coming back but nobody believes it yet because you don't feel it. but remember what i said four years ago. or two years ago in charlotte. financial crises take an average of 10 years to get over.

we just crossed over and we're now creating more jobs above where we were before the crash. six years, four years, ahead of the global average, for 150 years we're doing better than that. i don't expect anybody to vote on it or anybody to be happy about it because middle class incomes haven't risen. the average family is making less adjusted for inflation than they were the day i left office. but i'm telling you the truth. we're coming back. we have 700,000 more manufacturing jobs. we're making more cars than we've made in eight years. we've got 10 million new jobs. in three of the last four quarters, the growth rate has been 3.5, 4.5, and 4.6%. more jobs have been created here than in europe and japan combined and they got a lot more people than we do combined. so, we're going to come back. so what you have to ask yourself is, who is going to put the

pedal to the metal? what does arkansas need? we need more college graduates. we need to reform the student loin program. we need to find a way to help people refinance those loans at lower interest rates. need to pay it back as percentage of their income. mark pryor will do it and his opponent won't. [cheers and applause] we need to build on the advances in education and figure out a way to abolish the distinction, this is my obsession, abolish the distinction, between what is academic and what is practical. so that people can get college degrees, and they can have practical skills. mike ross will do it. his opponent won't talk about that. now, i could go through all those issues but, you know i'm telling you the truth. so why would you not vote? it is your future in it's your future. it's true, i just became a

grandfather. you care more about the future when you get a kid or grandkid, that's true. but, all my life, i thought that one of the greatest privileges i ever had was being born and growing up here. where i was taught not to turn away from anybody, because of their race, or their income or their political party. or just because they disagreed with me on something. i was taught by my mother that every now and then i would be wrong. and i needed to keep my ears open. i need to listen as much as i talked. i didn't quite take that to heart. i try. i'm telling you. you can not afford to do what their opponents. they want you to make it a protest vote. all three of these races you may like these guys.

you though what you have to do? you have to vote against the president. it is your last shot. it's a pretty good scam, isn't it. give me a six-year job for two-year protest. that is mark pryor's message. yeah, i voted to cut student loans. yeah, i voted to raise the interest rate. yeah, i voted against the violence against women act. no, i will never vote for equal pay for equal work. are you kidding? would i vote for raising minimum wage? no way. i will give you a protest vote. to do it you give me six years, for a protest that will be irrelevant in two. or in the case of the governor, you got to really cast that protest vote. give me a four-year job that doesn't have a lick to do with washington, d.c., so you can have one more protest. does that make any sense to you. [applause] throw your future out the window. don't care about the college loans. don't care about having preschool for every kid. what do we know? we know the average poor child,

once he or she starts school. if they came from a family, it couldn't afford to send them to kindergarten. it couldn't afford a pre-kindergarten program, listen to this, three million fewer words. do you think that word gap ought to depends what your income is? or has mike says, what your zip code is? he doesn't. i don't. if you don't, you better vote for mike ross for governor. [cheers and applause] so, and pat hayes, it's true, he has only got a two-year term. one of the things we know about him, he cut the budget, balanced the budget and did more. he will work with people. his opponent gave him award for fabulous mayor and criticized him for the term he once praised him for.

if you get a bipartisan budget deal the president will sign it, any president will sign it. i've been there, i know. if it is bipartisan it will be signed. pat hayes will do that kind of work for you. this is really important. if you really understand why mike beebe got the highest approval rating of any governor in the country, you have to vote for pat hayes and mike ross and mark pryor, because they will do that. and basically, the decisions being presented to our voters is this. that all makes perfect sense, bill, really i have to do one more time i have to cast a protest vote. why? because all of this out-of-state money buying television ads tells me to. i would like to think about arkansas. i'd like to think about our future. i'd like to think about what would be best for our children and grandchildren, but i just

can't do it. or you can honor mike beebe's service and continue his legacy by voting for what you are for, not what you are against. that is the right thing to do. [applause] ever since i was a little boy we had all the civil rights trouble here i've been sick and tired of people, stirring people up, make them foam at the mouth, vote for what they're against instead of what they're for. how many times have we seen people do something they knew better than to do just because they were in a snit? look at this campus. i've been coming here a long time. you have no idea how much it's grown, how much better it is. what all is going on here compared to what used to go on here. look at this crowd. you have no idea how much more diverse it is, how much more

hopeful it is, how much more full of potential it is. there is nothing that can hold us back but us. [cheers and applause] so, that's it. be faithful to the true heritage of your state. mike beebe arranged that the southern governors conference to have waylon holyfield wonderful song, arkansas, you run deep in me, sung. we commissioned, when i was your governor, a contest to write a song for our 150th birthday. the end of it is, i may wander and i may rome but i will never be far from home. you're in my heart and you will always be, arkansas you run deep in me. vote your heart. don't vote for what they tell

you you have to be against. vote for what you know you should be for. vote for mark pryor, vote for mike ross, vote for pat hayes, vote for mike beebe's legacy and you will be happy a month from now. thank you and god bless you. [cheers and applause] ♪ . .

[inaudible conversations] >> would you vote to repeal a ca which would mean 160,000 west virginians would loose? >> what i would vote for its repeal and replace. i voted for that 50 times but i also recognize the aca has some very good things about it. first of all, making sure people don't get caught -- cut off insurance for preexisting

editions. was for that before the president decided to take it in a larger and much more detrimental direction. i believe keeping our students on until the 26. i think that's a good thing. there are good things. we need to keep what's good, replace it with what will work. get rid of the business and it. make sure business are not having a 30% increase in the premiums which we are seeing. 70,000 west virginians have lost their health care plan because remember the president who i would remind you my opponent supported and support his policies and his health care policy said if you like your health care plan you can keep it, do you do. well, that didn't work out so well. it was sold as a bill of goods basically. we're hearing people who are losing their physician, as deductibles have gone up in to thousands of dollars. it's unaffordable. so were things wrong? yes. i wish we'd worked together to of which would work in a bipartisan way to find a way to keep folks will or an insurance

now, the 140,000 medicaid, we want to keep them injured because that's important to us, not just to do but it's important to us as a state. >> your response? >> here she goes again. i wish -- she says one thing and vote another way. she says she is for all of these things in the aca but yet she has voted to repeal it. i won't go to repeal it. because i know what it's like to go without health care. my daughter had open-heart surgery when she was one week old. and many folks across west virginia prayed for her, and those prayers were answered because the surgery saved her life. she is a healthy, happy 12 year old right now. but when my husband and i started our small business we want to bite insurance so he called and i can remember the day i came home and he said natalie, i talk to the insurance company trying to interest for us in the business and the family. he said, they will cover me and

you but they wouldn't cover our daughter because of her preexisting condition. i was devastated because i thought what parent take something that their child can't have? so i will never go back to the days when insurance companies can tonight insurance for someone with a preexisting condition. congresswoman kaptur two-seater say that she is for that, she has voted to take that away. [inaudible conversations]

[inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] >> good morning, everyone. i'm the executive and president

of the atlantic council. i want to welcome you all to the launch of a report on online voting, rewards and risks. i particularly want to welcome those of you who are following this event online and through our tv audience, welcome. we encourage you to join the discussion using hashtag acevote. in a world of near infinite computing power ubiquitous connectivity, cosby services, big data, where almost every task and executed online, the fact that vast majority of countries hold elections using paper ballots seem to be an anomaly. online voting and the voting has the obvious but still largely unproven potential to improve accessible for the disabled and elderly, nick long distance voting for vote easier, cut costs and improve voter turnout. especially for younger generations. although the adoption of most technologies, new technologies and takes time, effort, the

voting benefits are to reach, access and participation has the power to revolutionize the democratic process around the world. , countries of implement successful e-voting systems already. brazil, estonia, switzerland. so we here at the olympic council are delighted that this report today is the outcome of the effective partnership between our cyber statecraft initiative of brent scowcroft center for international security, the partnership is formed with mcafee. we undertook this effort in part because of the practical results oriented approach of our cyber team led so ably by our top cyber expert, jason healey, but adults reflects the atlantic council commitment to nonpartisan work. this is a bipartisan issue with both sides and create a cost-effective, efficient, secure and trustworthy voting platform.

it's also timely discussion today as we head into the home stretch towards congressional midterm elections next month, and we face the beginnings of what is already unfolding as the presidential election two years out. as we enter this season the council is intent on working hard to help shape a broader public debate, a broader public debate on the role of the united states in the world, at a critical ingredient to this debate is the extent to which are on public engages in the discussions, especially through voting. this report makes clear online voting and e-voting could become a larger part of the political process in the united states and and other participatory democracies, if the security is in place. i think that's the key element today. we believe this can become a should be a bipartisan and, indeed, in fact a nonpartisan issue and endeavor. our purpose today is to highlight that a new era in digital democracy is possible evening at the security questions right and create trustworthy platforms. online voting is among those

transformative technologies like the smart grid and for which we much get security right to fully unlock its potential. we are delighted during the course of a program will use technology to welcome the discussion representative jim langevin your discussion. congressman langevin is a regular of the house armed services subcommittee on intelligence and emerging threats and capabilities, has become a national leader on the issue of securing our nation's infrastructure against cyber threats and cofounded the congressional cybersecurity caucus. one of his staff members is part of our next generation program is with us today, welcome. we are delighted to have you here. and for all the work you've been doing as well. taken offer program of like to introduce our key partners in this endeavor. i like to welcome tom mccann of mcafee has been a key part as we've undertaken this report. tom is vice president of government relations at mcafee with a long track record in this field but he began his career. today on capitol hill as a

legislative director and chief of staff for congressman tom campbell. tom will offer a few thoughts on the changing nature of the cybersecurity debate and how cybersecurity template a bar for role in enhancing the well being of people's lives. so with that i look forward to us getting into this report and for your exploring the both here in the conversation and online. tom, let me welcome you to the podium. [applause] >> well, it's a great pleasure to be here. it's always a pleasure to work with such a distinguished group of people as the atlantic council. indeed, i'd like to thank the atlantic council for hosting this event and bringing together such a distinguished panel. the atlantic council is one of the leading think tanks in the world, and based -- and jason

healey's leadership has been truly impressive. he has indeed developed a very fine cybersecurity practice, which has made a significant contribution to the debate here in washington. the atlantic council and mcafee, a part of intel's security come have started a journey to change the nature of the cybersecurity debate. our goal is to move the public discussion from one that all too often focuses on doom and gloom to one that focuses on the age of the possible. we believe that cybersecurity can play a powerful role in the benefit of people's lives. the right security can enable more opportunities for people to vote. the right security can enable, secure access to online information and services. the right security can enable

innovations in the area of transportation, indeed come in the area of true innovations such as driverless cars. our session today about the promise of online voting starts the discussion on the art of possible. we welcome the active engagement from stakeholders in government, the private sector, and academia. building a consensus on the positive role that cybersecurity can play in improving the lives of people is a vital addition to the debate. this debate for too long has been dominated by doom and gloom, the threat landscape, and an over emphasis on regulation. a more positive perspective that understands the importance of innovation and promise is a necessary addition to the debate. a more positive approach will

enable the policymaking process to be more balanced. to focus less on regulation and more on the true promise of security and the power of innovation to move markets and bring better and more secure products to the marketplace. moving forward, we are planning to launch a follow-on study that will focus on the importancimportanc e of security in the area of health care. we now turn to the discussion at hand, the matter of e-voting. >> good morning and thank you for kicking us off. appreciate all of you being here. let me add my thanks to mcafee and health security for making

all this possible. and for those the following online, please follow us at hashtag acevote and join the discussion on twitter. we won't get into a deep discussion of the biography of the people in front of us come in front of you. you g-chat. we'll do just a quick introduction. on my right we have geordie from scytl, and we will start with them to hear some of the promises how they get involved in this and companies come in countries all around the world to allow people to vote. to my right, pamela, pamela smith has been involved in electronic voting as has joe hall on my left. and you can see in their biographies the many different areas to try and get through what are the most possible things in the near term, which things will take longer. kent landfield or mcafee on my

far left, a longtime technologist that has a history of looking at trying to solve hard problems and get security to work so we can unlock the promise of the most innovative technology. so i wanted to start with jordi, and your company has been in this field. you've been presented with these hard problems and have to get solutions around them. what are the technologies we are really looking at here, and how have you been able to deploy them in the field in actual elections? >> okay, thanks. first of all i want to thank the atlantic council to producer in this panel. but our company, our company has been -- [inaudible] replies on internet voting. from the beginning we know that the main problem from electronic

voting is not another standard using standard security. so we use -- [inaudible] to try to solve complex problems. one of the main problem is we need to preserve privacy for voters, not only for the voting process but all for doing the counting process. so we start to think about how to do this. we are using protocols for providing this privacy. and then another thing we're doing, providing -- [inaudible] not only integrity of election but a third point that is very important. we are managing an election not only on internet voting but in this election also is to allow

people, to allow third parties what is happening throughout the election to provide transparency. it's more difficult to provide discipline when we are moving in electronic environment. so now we're also providing this, one of the countries that is using our technology also providing -- the norwegian company region countries of switzerland. they are also -- an important step for providing security on electronic voting and especially online voting. in this case, they had changes on the standards required on electronic voting, especially online voting. it's important to allow voters to count their votes. in this specific case in switzerland, they start setting

up up to 10% of -- were we are allowed to vote online. allowing internet voters and they said they want to manage the risk of introducing internet voting in this country. and currently they change the law, they changed the standards in case that the different contents that are doing referendums in switzerland, they want to increase the number of the population that can use internet voting in these referendums. in case of these countries want to increase numbers, up to 50% of the full role of the voters, they need to introduce -- [inaudible] one of the things we have seen is really important for providing security or to manage the risk currently present on internet voting is to check, a

place everything is happening in a proper way and there are not problems or issues and voting process spent so to verifiability, the audit, transpacific you mentioned two separate technologies. on the one hand, were tied with electronic voting, but you also i've mentioned internet voting. can you walk us through, what do we mean by both of these? sometimes we assume or talk about internet but a don't think you were. can you clarify? >> okay. usually electronic voting is any way for using electronic means for casting a vote. this involves not only online voting but also voting and polling stations using a standalone machine. >> so if i go in a touchscreen, that might be considered e-voting but not online voting? >> exactly. usually e-voting is more -- for

casting votes in polling station. standalone machines already mentioned the internet voting is open the door to use, or at least open the door to voters if they vote at home. there are people -- [inaudible] you can vote at home. in this case what happens is that the voting turnout is voter divide that nobody has, so the risk, the security risks are higher in those cases. and then the requirements for providing is more robust against -- the voting process are more important. >> i think this is where you've been spending a lot of your time. you and joe both. any thoughts in the report are on things majority sent? >> well, first, thank you also

for having a soldier. appreciate it. yeah, i think i agree strongly with the point that the report made about the difficulty and challenges of solving the security and privacy issues. with voting in a polling station with a direct recording electronic or dre recording machine, if there are a number of issues that may come up, for example, if the equipment should happen to break down, you need something else to vote on, you know, to replace it. otherwise people are disenfranchised by that malfunction. so typically the backup is a paper ballot. if your standard voting system in the polling place is the paper ballot that is countered by an electronic machine, even if the electronic counting machine breaks down, people can still vote. so that's one of the key issues that you're looking for in a voting system is its

availability to the voter when it's time to vote. with an online voting system there may be challenges with availability if, for example, there some kind of service attack that occurred during the voting period, particularly during the last phase of the voting period and everybody tends to leave everything for the last -- >> i think this particularly in the united states because constitutionally we are voting on one day. you might be able to say okay, we can vote over longer period of all the voting is happening on a single day, someone could just rent a service attack and take a? >> i think that's partly true. would've some states do early voting and absentee voting revote on a paper ballot from home and mail it in is done over a longer period of time. but what's key here is there is a deadline. so in the event that a denial-of-service attack caused a major disruption ended up at any time frame where there's no more time to solve that problem,

there's no voting sort of after election day. so the deadline factor is key. >> that's just a plain internet problem. the internet can't be trustworthy on, it's not 100% available. >> right. i think there is a lot of work being done to handle and manage attacks and problems and failures we've seen, failures of online voting registration systems that happened right before the deadline and cost some people not to be able to register to vote in time for the upcoming election. so timing is important, but it's also important to note that as those elections are run, they run in the united states anyway, they're run by local jurisdictions. and local jurisdictions are counties or townships or parishes, and those counties tend not to have great big i.t. budgets with lots of funding for

i.t. staff comment even come and really robust capabilities for avoiding the downside of a ddos attack that may be a major corporation even as challenges of waiting and they're putting millions of dollars behind. we have to think about how elections are conducted. you know, i think really the promise that any robust democracy makes to its citizens, to its electors is that it will provide them with justified confidence in the accuracy of the outcome. any voting system that you use has to be able to demonstrate clearly to the loser and their supporters that they lost. and to do that you need actual evidence, voters need to be able to see that their votes were captured the way that they meant for them to be an election officials need to be able to use that evidence to demonstrate that both are counted correctly. so that's what we look for in

auditability. >> wow, that's -- >> is a good baseline. >> it seemed like a should be so easy. we have our votes. we are voting for who's the best singer, who is the best variety act on television. are you seeing a lot of demand? are there a lot of folks think we have to be able to have -- this is a thing for either of the two of you, is there a lot of demand from the younger generation to be saying, how come i can't vote on my phone? >> i think at first there's that question. we do everything else online, why would we do this online? what's important to notice, there's a lot of things we can do online that really support elections, the support voters being able to vote without actually getting to that last step of transmitting a ballot of the dangers in it. so you can do things that registration online. you can get information, ballots to someone who is remotely located say military and overseas voters who traditionally have had a hard time getting to be able to vote in time, get their ballots back

in time. if you can transmit a ballot to them instantly, you have cut off a big chunk of the time they need in order to get that the pm solved. there are many things we do online but what most people don't think about and tell you sort of talk it through is that elections have special special properties that of the online transactions simply don't have. the anonymity property that votes are supposed to be anonymous, separated from your identity. you have to authenticate that the voter is an eligible voter and that that is who is voting, but once you've done that you separate that identity from their actual vote. that's a really challenging problem in auditing, generally. >> regarding the young generation pushing for online voting, yes. usually when the experience we have, at least when we checked the statistics that he was using online voting, we have usually

two numbers. young people usually tend to use online voting, and experience that we introduce online voting, we are not talking about substituting completely any kind of voting with online voting our electronic voting. in this case i'm talking about in france they're using online voting for overseas voters. what we have seen is after using two or three times, it is becoming most common. i think more than 50% currently. they are choosing internet voting. they can vote in person, and they can vote by postal and also by internet voting. currently statistics move to just more online voting. one of the reasons is, especially when we're talking about remote voting, remote voting can be online, just means

electronic means or can be by postal. what happens is postal voting, the voting channel is not, well, usually has problems. people don't know if finally the vote on rice or not and they prefer to move to internet voting. >> the internet gives more immediate feedback that just putting a stamp on and sending it off. it's funny because people can copy understand what happens to an actual letter when they send it off but they probably have no idea what happened to get your mail ballots can often be tractable. one of my favorite stories about this demonstrates we don't really know yet about who wants to use it and how the public uses it and is there a measurable impact on turnout. and i think there's still more research to be done in a place in ontario where they decided to experiment in a pilot with

allowing online voting. i had a 300% increase in turnout in early voting, but zero turnout increase overall. so what that meant was that people who are going to vote anyway tried out this method, but it didn't make more people vote. >> i'm going to be turning to jordi, which you help me and joe, when we were reviewing a paper was internet voting isn't just a casting of the vote. that i think was an important change to the paper that we added in was saying we have these different, there is the registration. there's the voting, the collection of votes and the processing of the votes. internet just doesn't have to be a clicking next to a name. you can look at all of these

different places in ways that we can improve the process and i was really glad for your input for that part of the paper. .. what is the would like to

>> i have a few positive things to say that a lot of what i'm going to say unfortunately is doom and gloom and a very debbie downer for lack of a better word. but certainly, i think the majority of experts that work on voting security and voting technology would agree somewhere in the 30 to 40 year time line is the point at which we will have an infrastructure that can support secure online voting and there are some basic elements you need to have in place that hasn't been thought of. >> 30 to 40 years starting in the mid-90s -- >> right now. and there are good reasons for that. i should say make no mistake, we have to solve this kind of problem and the reason is the extent that we want to have to the remotely physically distributed representative democracy there's going to be situations which the physical exchange of matter is impossible

this may be a thing in the future. there are places where exchanging physical matter to be the record of the vote is going to be extremely challenging if not possible. so you have to separate the democratic bodies or you're going to have to have some way of doing this securely and not only that but the other big benefit, the big sort of positive externality of doing work on this is that to the extent you saw some of the really challenging problems here, the core cybersecurity issues that i know mcafee and others have worked on that as a benefit for other kind of applications that you can do on the internet. the one trick there are a number of risks and i can go through them quickly and we can follow up if you want to hear more. unfortunately, right now when you talk about internet voting is it in the controlled platform. what i mean by that, if you're

going to do some critical critical democratic process like voting online, you don't want to leave that up to the security people. you have a lot of crap on your desktop and cell phone and laptop and may not know you have that stuff on there. on the intelligence communities around the world that make a sort of business into such a way that you don't know what exactly is happening with this stuff. the unsupervised nature of internet voting this is very similar to vote by mail. so one secret is voted by mail is an unfortunate legacy thing we can't get rid of that has a property that unfortunately it's very easy to coerce people that are voting in an unsupervised environment in the place where you don't have someone making sure that the proper policies

are set. people don't realize this but there's a great paper i can point you to. before 1900 with the adoption of the secret ballot in the process, selection was a payday. you could get a couple months pay proven to someone how you voted and once the australian secret ballot, which is a government printed standard ballots cast in secret, ones that spread, the voter participation dropped precipitously and it was because you no longer could make a connection between how people cast their votes and the person paying. it's not worth my while to buy these votes. >> i know that the estonian system allows you to vote multiple times and only the last broadcast comes so i would think the technology might help

provide a more elegant solution for this. >> someone can take your id card after you voted them after they watched u-boat and not let you have it back until after the deadline. there are different techniques that they can use to do those kind of things and inevitably it makes it harder but at the same time they also post records of how people voted which is contrary to having anonymity and they have an infrastructure, have a bunch of these in my pocket but everybody has an identity that is used for a whole bunch of other things and so it is almost embedded with how they interact in government and we don't have that and it's unlikely that we will. >> if we had to have a national id card we would have a long time coming. >> a couple points i want to make there are two other risks that are important to make one

miss the opportunity of wholesale and retail. it gives no panacea that you can do things like ballot stuffing but you have to touch a lot of stuff whereas with these software-based things if you find one problem and you are recorded all of the encrypted traffic you could have it run arbitrary commands. these are things that were not secure the next day. the final thing is that by having publicly routable endpoints, servers that are accepting both online you expose the probability someone might be able to attack this stuff to anyone in the world compared to the more controlled type of systems and we know the second you have some really attractive resident, candidates that they

really like to second that that happens the person will win because they will find a way to subvert this. >> especially in the countries where it is win or take all you can imagine someone spending a million dollars is not a bad investment for a piece of malicious software that would try to subvert the election. though we know that we are going to need to do this. we can just say in 50 years or 100 years when we are still filling out paper during the touchscreen machines worried about hanging chads.

>> one of the things we need to understand is that voting is an evolving process. it started very early in our republic where you have to be sworn in by a judge who has no registration process at the time and then from that voice your choice to the panel of folks keeping the tally. that was useful because it did allow us to have outside observers to see what the vote was then to have a very consistent to vote. fast forward to the 1990s and you start to see electronics coming into the voting process and voting machines that are used for casting and tabulating votes. the technology has driven some of the process that we do today because the machines are very costly and we try to have them

together. we tried to do that have established polling places where the equipment can be brought in. today we are dealing with a different world than just ten years ago. we didn't have the mobility that we did today. that's driving this need and want to be able to vote for him something other than those established polling places. the problem is the situation technology is changing very quickly that we are looking at a problem itself that does not lend itself to operating well in the genetic internet environment that we have today. identity is a problem today. identifying with somebody definitively is something that has to be there to support the one man, one vote aspect.

and after it's such as the national strategy at the trusted identity cyberspace and advancing this in a very positive way from the identity perspective. there are standard efforts. there is a working group working around trying to figure out how to provide real identity on the internet. the internet engineering task force. they've established most of the standards that we operate under today. but the key is that we are starting to see some of the building blocks that will make the infrastructure possible. today we don't have an infrastructure that can successfully really work well in guaranteeing electronic voting

online. there are too many ways that it can be circumvented and attacked where they are casting their vote and zeus and others that capture keystrokes and look for certain types of activity can be modified to very easily to use that targeting internet voting but that said, the reality of what we are seeing is technology is moving forward. we are devolving rather quickly in the last ten years and i do not expect that advancement to be reduced over the next 20. the focus we need to have is to look at what the requirements are for internet voting. they are different than the e-commerce and as such we need to address them specifically and make sure there are standards in place so that the security

experts that are reviewing the different parts of the infrastructure actually have the means to have a consistent view of what is occurring. today we have a lot of proprietary means in the voting arena and bringing this to be they need this to be much more open and standardized so that we can see and evaluate the voting mechanisms for the security threats that could compromise the national election. >> to fix the voting of service attacks are inherent in the internet infrastructure that we have in the difficulty of identity so it sounds like the internet itself is pretty shaky

that anything that has to have the things of probability, audit transparency is going to be shaky. >> although i do wonder if what we tend to be thinking about especially as america i tend to think about is citibank national election held in november for hundreds of millions of people but it seems like there are interesting case studies happening that his company is doing or other distractions that are much smaller. maybe for the citywide election or other areas. is that a good way to start? i don't know if you want to respond to some of the other things how does this work when it's not a big national election for the country but building from the ground up?

>> i agree there are risks that we need to think about the risk so the way that we can manage this is to provide the proper measures for managing these risks. there are countries that start introduce alternative voting and they are involving also academics and security experts and the security requirements that needed to implement things in a proper way and then in the security requirements that need to be fulfilled by any that is put in place.

another thing they are starting the voting on the specific entire electoral vote but in the specific group of authors so they can start to pilots of these in to see the reaction of people and if they see that things are stable and they can trust what is happening and about how things were happening there but it is important. sometimes we are continuing the risks of other but sometimes you can solve these risks and you mentioned that in the case of estonia other countries are using multiple coatings to vote multiple times to be sure that

they are voted and i think this is important the measures that are in this technology to solve other problems in the channels. >> what is norway using? >> is it local, regional? spinet is at the party level and they are thinking about introducing other policies and to vote multiple times at the polling stations unless they go to the polling station -- then

the vote will be counted. >> any other thoughts on the question about the scale? >> i think pilots are really important. you can't see them as being a surefire way to get where you want to go. in the extent that we want to run things you have to run them in the ones we don't care as much about as the big ones for sure but there's a couple things for example you can imagine mr. tony soprano looking at a 150 million-dollar bond for a landfill or something and saying a million dollars to throw this local election. so a there are some cases where you will see things like that being pretty serious but at the same time i live in tacoma park that ran the first election

which is a great feat and a really big learning opportunity in terms of making sure people can use these things but the challenge, and this is something i work on every day is making sure that putting a piece of paper in the ballot box is something people understand, we have thousands of years of experience doing stuff like that whereas photography can mike to talk to you about a box with two walks and these are ways we talk about it but it's not going to sort of give you the smart high school level i can actually do the math on my own and get to the end. the place we need to get to that are that simple where you can walk through the protocol yourself being the smart highschooler which is my sort of lowest common denominator. >> this is important to know there are very few public opportunities before you are running with real votes in real time you need to have the

opportunity to have at that system and where that's been allowed in 2010 where they ran the test and it was breached inside of 36 hours and that was mentioned in the report and it's an interesting scenario that they had to be authorized to do this and often had that been somebody that had a malicious intent they would breach the system without letting anyone know anything when it's used then have their way with the results, so it is important that there be these public testing opportunities and that the results are made available so that we can learn from them. >> of the term within 36 hours when you type in a name in a

little -- sometimes you upload a pdf of the ballot and they say find your file and put this in their, they found a way of getting characters and the name and they automated a program that allowed them to change every single ballot to the votes for the computers for the movies like 9,000 things like that and they modify it to play the michigan fight song after you cast a ballot and have people saying what is is the thank you out this petri audit music and someone realizes that the michigan fight song. >> worst of all is that the director was a buckeye which mick's it worse.

>> and the internet will or ability it so difficult to secure that it is almost at every level we have these vulnerabilities, and it came up earlier and you know, you are working on the zone trusted machines and networks into so that doesn't make it impossible but it means that you need to be going through it each and every step on this on trusted staff and say how can we get it trustworthy enough and that can become a very difficult spot especially when the manufacturers are not always as nice as dc. they put it online so that it could get tested and they didn't try to go to prosecutors. they said maybe this is in fact not ready for prime time.

>> we are trying to solve the problem in a small scale when it has to operate at a very large scale. we have different types of elections, federal state and local and they have their different needs and requirements and when you're looking at a microcosm of the local election that is easy to see electronic voting could actually potentially work but it doesn't scale to the large u.s. national election. the problem is that this needs to be a design aspect instead of an emerging aspect. if we don't want to wait for 30 years to get the internet as stable as it could to support electronic voting online we need to look at how we can design a voting the voting system to arrive on top of that infrastructure knowing that the

infrastructure itself is not as secure as we would want. with mobile computing and other types of new advances that we are seeing again and become the 2008 this is a fast moving world and we have to have the means to secure the voting means on top of the country and to be on trusted environment and it's a different type of really looking at the problem. if we can address the problem in that kind of cash and then it doesn't matter whether you're doing it from your eye watch or from your computer at home with the voice recognition thing when you look into voting in the polling place or the absentee ballots in march. >> if you look at cartography the way that we do that you

throw a bunch out there and get the best people in the world. but that is a pretty good way to identify those that you made on the scene. >> how to monitor the internet voting is using photographic ways for fine things. in 20 years the internet is completely secure. so they have the same idea. you cannot say nobody can open this. it's something you cannot control so the idea is that it is possible to verify what is

happening in the voting process and at the end it is protected in the server on the instance it isn't in the results, so the results really represent the content of the cast vote. so if you can verify this in a way that you can to ensure that you can react. the vote that has been received by the server doesn't contain the vote and many are away for casting the vote and in a way maybe i have no security problems now but maybe in the future but if i can detect, then i can react.

>> one thing it probably does does as the snow notion of the future proofing. most of the vote to deprive it of not only now but for a long time in the future to the extent we can smear the record or whatever they want to do with that information is a very personal thing. some cartographers have developed ways of creating cryptographic protocols to say the matter what could happen in the future it is until we have the computers but that's the kind of thing i like to hear people worry about because i worry about my goat and 50 years as well.

>> they cannot be broken now but our idea is that these votes are not correlated to voters maybe they cannot correlate with others so the idea is this is something very important. one important requirement is that the process is preserving privacy now. if someone cannot correlate if we are using processes that can prevent the correlation then it doesn't matter with the identity of the voters in the future that we are also working with algorithms that cannot be.

>> somehow brought this up if someone gets your credit card come up in worst case scenario is if someone gets a hold of your card and a day use it and make fraudulent purchases and that's bad but it's solvable and we don't have to worry about it. at most we would have to pay $50 most of us don't even have to do that. there might be trouble getting a new car but he sensually it's not that bad of a problem for you personally and i think we are used to that it's risky but it's certainly not such a risk that it's going to scare us away from e-commerce right now. but this isn't just someone is going to get your credit card and you have to pay 50 bucks

coming you could influence an election or some countries you could be killed in the figure out how you voted so the downside of getting it wrong -- sputnik of the other aspect is that you will not be able to correct the vote. you can fix the problem but you can't change the ballot numbers because you don't know how those votes actually ocher and that's data by itself could be a corrupting factor >> not just for privacy but the verifiability of the transparency. >> this is what i was talking about earlier when i was talking about evidence in the legal terms and court cases in the chain of custody of the evidence and how important it is.

you have to be able to rely on it for the various applications and rely on it all the way through the process. and so, having data property of evidence having been captured correctly the way that they intended it and that's about the version that the data version, not some corrupted version being what gets counted and then audited to demonstrate the counting part of it was correct there is a process that is key in things like the case that you mentioned of someone getting a hold of your card into someone used my account to rent a limo in arizona at some point and i said you know, i haven't been in arizona for 20 years so that wasn't me. they said no problem we will make that right for you. with votin