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>> tonight we abided to have

deborah rhode author of "what women want" when we spoke to her months ago it grabbed our intention and had the great title wondering if she would come share her work and she has written a very important book on a very important subject coming of age post titled 99 the most astonished about what progress of america as we continue to lie behind the of male counterpart. going into the lives of women. please welcome a director stanford's institute deborah rhode. [applause]

>> i am enormously pleased to be here and even more so that you are we allen said 90 percent of life is showing up in it matters what you show up for but i'm sorry. so let me begin with "the new yorker" cartoon that a woman enforcers' skeptical husband that yes they do speak for all women. this is not the claim that any feminist would make. women don't speak with one voice and women's issues. we have to be prepared to generalize with it as a group for perth -- for growth's fifths in the goal

of equality between the sexes much to survey leaders of women's organizations to have a broader array of research. the book begins with a brief autobiographical account how we came to write the book will not drill on that now although i am happy to answer questions will just say of what it was like to be a woman in lawsuits in a faculty member back in the day. i never had a lot course taught by or about women. and was notable for its absence - - absence of curriculum. but things could have been worse and other law schools including harvard there were professors did not call on women except for those days when the subject matter was specially adapted for their benefit.

or hypothetical problems with missing and cooking. what is striking to me now is how little was striking to me then just how life for. discrimination was everywhere except in the curriculum. i entered lot teaching at stanford 1979. for mid years old the one of two women on a faculty of 36 men. initially i indicated that it was thus subject of a bike to teach in the deed was horrified. i've responded with what i thought was the irony that would come as a shock to my colleagues as well or my alternatives? but imus the point which was academic credibility i

needed a real subjects and then i had to have contracts then there is a new dean i got tenure. it was a lonely life although my a colleagues were polite they were clueless when it was like to feel the pressure in isolation of one of two women on the faculty. bridging to keep our new straight even though there was no physical between us of the short and one the other was tall and burnett was never sure if to correct the colleagues would casually call me barbara. they might not have been so hurtful of i had known they were typical byproducts of tokenism. but before the supreme court

in the late 1990's many lawyers mixed up the names of justice ginsburg and justice o'connor once they presented t-shirts that say i am ruined not sandra or imc and drug not ruth. my most vivid memories from those early years were with the retirement and a - - dinner from that country club to hire a stripper to simulate a routine of none of the women present could believe that was happening but the dean appreciated the thought behind the invitation and well fortified fiber been embraced the invited guest. then i decided to hell with contracts the law school needed a course on gender now three decades later the legal landscape is transformed barriers are coming down half -- half of

professors are female employee discrimination are rare. i a teacher course raises new administration of eyebrows. but has greeted its own difficulties so i called and no problem problem that there is serious problem that any individual woman has capacity to address. yet on every measure of social status or financial well-being of sexual violence remains:in reproductive rights are by no means secure. and the disproportionate burdens in the home pay a price outside it. but these are not cultural priorities what accounts for that? part of the problem is to

the feminist movement stock that is man hating keeping many women from identifying as a feminist him or supporting an agenda although i support equality for women and about two-thirds consider themselves feminists. but when you give no definition the figure drops to one-quarter or one-half her researchers find an identification is significant because it correlates with the facts. the disconnect between the substance and the image is a longstanding barrier around gender issues. they're partly a function how the media framed activism with caricatures to perpetuate the image of the

problem the only claim to describe "time" magazine once claimed area makes haunt the feminist movement as to the images of being strident. one reason is the mainstream publications continue the feature those descriptions. another reason for the no problem problem is the lack of identification is many women don't feel worse off so they lack the urgency that fuels political activism for financial contributions. does this mean the movement is stalled? it is one of the main questions i would ask the women's organizations. some thought we were second getting pushed back the president of now pointed to the absence of women in leadership positions the lack of progress on the pay gap for fights and

reproductive issues and lack of an organized response. the center for reproductive rights noted compared to the '70s we seem to be hibernating. by contrast this some thought women's issues are front and center in political campaigns and the fact we're talking about this book is a measure of change. but the fact that we needed to be here is a measure of the distance yet to travel. so what are the issues that should motivate women to seek change? so let me open the questions to you a few areas were ripe for progress. the labor force is gender stratified. with women over represented at the bottom and

underrepresented at the top as we approach the distance it is from the promise. full-time be real workers in annual earnings are 77 percent of men. a figure that has as substantially changed since 2001. hendon to achieve equal pay rates for workers. one reason for the gender gap is women have lower occupation and lower paying sectors within those occupations. for example, 86% of paralegals but only 33 percent of lawyers and 16% of partners in large firms. in academia women account for graduates but only one-quarter of full professors or presidents. in management one-third of students but not fortune

4,000 a ceo at current rates would take over to a half centuries to achieve parity in the executive suite. similarly situated women earn less than men. even after controlling for a broad range of factors of education, experience and family characteristics, much -- most persist of the gender gap around 10%. at every educational level and every occupational field women have lower earnings. even the female dishwasher's earn significantly less than males. so what accounts for that gap? to begin despite recent progress women and ethnic minorities lack of resumption of confidence accentuated by the white manpower the need to work harder to get the same

results. when history is reintroduced and the sex of of musician was a long been invisible the women's presence dramatically increased. part of the problem and most of the traits that are masculine the assertiveness into many individuals to the trades and women there subjects you double failures as a man but abrasive and a woman and women's seen as too feminine not feminine enough not tough enough to make the hard calls are overly stretched in an aggressive. the allegedly pushy editor dismissed from "the new york times" is a textbook case.

and part of the problem may be internally driven. as stanford put it women do not lean and. but the problems that they reflect the mismatch between the qualities associated with women. people rate and higher of leadership ability and more readily accept men as leaders but in studies with the man seated at the head of the table for a meeting they assume he is the leader and don't make the same assumption when a woman is seated at the head. of columbia business school experiment illustrated the problem and gave a case study of a leading venture capitalist with outstanding networking skills. half of those were told how were the other half were told she was 80.

and they were equally competent but howard morris more genuine and kind and heidi was more aggressive and power-hungry. women often don't realize they are the victims of discrimination and one accountant who successfully sue price waterhouse with those comments are made about her at the time she filed the lawsuit. the record altman revealed ample evidence of gender stereotypes. p miller accountants were faulted for acting like one of the boys. hawkins herself was characterized as someone who overcompensated for being a woman and overbearing and someone who needed a course at charm school. but several male accountants

were described as abrasive and overbearing and cocky but no one suggested charm school for them. even individuals as convincing evidence elected to challenge its 1,000 workers found one-third found experiencing unfair treatment found nothing 3% of legal action many individuals from the highs psychological cost with a low probability but many substantial judgment plaintiffs put their lives on trial and the profile said the merger are flattering. described s.a. a persecution complex end the lawyer magazine was told she was

their proverbial ugly girl although she had a great personality only turns out she did not have a good personality. with corporate policies also hold women back united states has the least family friendly policies of the developed world in his stance alone and only seven other countries don't guarantee paid maternity leave. some professions only one-fifth are satisfied between the personal and professional lives. esmond young attorney talks about the quality of life this is not a life. once said it is too difficult to have a cat let alone a family but the problems arise for mandatory overtime adjusting schedules

, lack of proportional pay and the lack of basic protections. two-thirds of low-income workers are not entitled to flexible schedules than those you take time off find a promotion cost more than female colleagues to. american strategies concerning child care or part-time work and flexible schedules are far less progressive. 60 percent of children under five are in non parental care and many of these arrangements in black affordability. with the regulatory structures encouraging service providers this nation requires licensing to be a manicurist but one dozen states require any training to care for children. :so family patterns have not kept pace with the workplace obligation although domestic

obligations has increased dramatically over the last century. mothers continue to shoulder burdens in the home to pay a price in the world outside. the disparity among those who walked out of the labor force about one-quarter of married women with children under 15 are still at home others here were than 1 percent of married men with children under 15 are still unknown fathers. women also spend over twice as much time on the care of children and over three times as much on a household task. , women will never be equal outside the home and tell men are equal inside. the solutions are obvious when the legislation their workplace initiatives for comparable work and paid parental leave and flexible workplace structures and

affordable quality child care. they need to challenge the cultural forms that penalize leadership behavior in women in equal care in men. the women also need greater protection of reproductive rights. one-quarter of family planning clinics report severe violence in annually for abortion services. operation house call organizes activist to target doctors' homes and other groups use media campaigns to run slogans some doctors deliver babies some doctors kill babies one of the doctors from late term abortions was gunned down while attending church. over 85 percent of counties have no abortion providers and up to one-fifth or one-third cannot obtain the abortion the desire. activist has succeeded to

make abortion more costly and less accessible. more than half of the state's to have targeted regulation of providers. enforce the clinic closure by extensive requirements demanding that women receive counseling to establish the time period between the they have the procedure sometimes as long as 72 hours of waiting. these waiting periods increase the difficulties of those to once -- you don't have a close provider. and the specified like fetal pain and the risks of abortion. a survey found almost 90 percent gave no false information between abortion and breast cancer and

infertility in depression. bans on funding created another obstacle situation as many as one-third of four women cannot pay for their abortions for lack of resources. stole those women differ on the morality most make them safe and unnecessary. between 65 for 70 percent believe the four should not overturn roe v wade that guaranteed access to abortion during the first three months of pregnancy but to make sure they are available. some more resources need to be targeted for securely port and adolescent women with access to family planning information. resources also be to go to support one of seven women

who are for. only one-quarter of women living in poverty of receive welfare benefits now and there were only 50 percent of the poverty line. and the human costs are substantial. millions of families suffer from shortages and food and housing and the safety net keeps many women trapped in five men relationships. raising the minimum wage indexing to inflation would help. especially since women are two-thirds of minimum-wage workers. expanded education is still more critical. ronald reagan once famously equipped we fought a war on poverty and poverty one. the battle lines are still drawn and women cannot afford to settle for defeat. domestic violence also calls for more effective enforcement strategies. an estimated 25 percent of

women had to experience such violence. the unit is states has the highest rate of spousal homicide in united states the comet - - common response to domestic abuse is why doesn't she just leave but the answer to often if she has nowhere safe to go. the time when women are most likely to suffer injuries is when they try to end it. and the need comes nowhere close those refused assistance often have nowhere to go. domestic violence advocates reported being asked if she knew a safe bridge that women could sleep under. the recent scandal with a rate rise that the nfl commissioner ever initially banned only two games despite the assault on his fiancee's speak volumes

about the cultural attitude that need to change. and estimated 75 to 95 of those subject to violence showed related problems at work including assaults. but to penalize the woman or terminate her employment that compounds the economic problems to reinforce dependence on the abusers a recent case involved the san diego teacher that was fired because her ex husband put staff and students at danger. school officials but did promise to continue to pray for the woman and her family. about half of the victims report losing a job after experiencing domestic violence but yet only a small number of states have laws protecting them from job discrimination we urgently need better strategies for prevention

and victim support me in the same is true of rape the one and five women has experienced an attempted rape and the figures are higher on campuses has the second-highest in the world over half a million enough uniformed men and women experienced rape and reports raised sharply and despite the tolerances for sexual assault yet as the representative harman noted those who are more likely to be killed by enemy fire fully one-third of those attempted rapes are reported in other research indicates fewer than 10% this will result in conviction. part of the reason is the

lingering with the toronto police officer told a group of college women if they wanted to avoid sexual assault they should avoid dressing like slots despite recent reform efforts of the victim's conduct is on trial in rape proceedings the moral character traditionally is the most important factor affecting if there is the condition a textbook illustration figured in a publicist and her students account that sexual assault counselor told her present charges would be useless as she is about to air a graduate of you sure it was rape? it could have been a bad hookup. forgive them for get and in a similar case when an administrative reporter said

don't worry about safety because she met the rapist in he did not seem like a person who would do something like that. what we need is more coverage the adverse publicity of the embers student had a comprehensive review of policy a documentary some of you may have seen about sexual assault in the military and for handling such abuse we need an independent prosecutor to handle sex abuse cases it increased emphasis on violence prevention and education that children of sorbs the male sexual aggression and the consequences we need to

alter those consequences. and finally let me say every ford about appearance bias is another most critical issues but the one the women's movement has made the least progress of the last half century and in some respects since cosmetic surgery the problem has grown worse almost half of american women are dissatisfied with their bodies which is higher than one quarter century ago in women's appearance is the greatest source of dissatisfaction beauty is only skin deep but the pursuit is steeper but few of us recognize how much seldon to realize the price we pay in psychological well-being with the

compromise of principles although the significance comes as no surprise the extent of the vintages is less obvious. less attractive individuals are less likely to be deemed as smart are happy interesting likable or well adjusted. also confidence essays get less favorable evaluation of less attractive individuals with less attractive students received lower ratings from teachers less likely to be promoted and earn lower salaries penalties feel like lot and higher education and that there is no demonstrable relevance to job performance

about 60% with overweight women report discrimination with employment almost 90 percent consider how they look to be important to the self-image is the most important factor above job performance and intelligence over half of young women report they would rather be hit than the truck to be sad two-thirds rather be mean or stupid. the cause of this preoccupation is substantial to total over $100 billion a newly in americans alone spend over $40 billion among that reinforces gender stereotypes to encourages attractiveness rather than character competence hard work or achievement and speaks volumes about the

natural preoccupation and with the sarah paling count -- campaign pay more for the makeup specialist in the foreign policy adviser prevailing standards also is in a double blind expected to conform but condemn to be narcissistic they should not let themselves go or that they were not trying to hard not to but women can unite to round certain shared values and the parents would be a source of pleasure and employers and not entitled to discriminate. moving forward on all these issues is to get more women into leadership positions. today and elected office to account for just 18 percent

of congress one-quarter of legislators and% governors and 12 percent of mayors in major cities. almost half the states have yet to elect a woman to the senate. given current rates of change, take 100 years to equalize women's representation in congress. from the perspective united states ranks 78 of women's representation in political office. below cost expand and bangladesh even saudi arabia. the problem is not performance research consistently finds when women run for office they are just as electable with fund-raising and successful campaigns. the main difficulty is women are less likely to run for office and that is a problem because they're also more likely than male colleagues to address women's issues and ranked them as priorities.

of course, it matters who the women are. because sarah palin reminds us putting women into positions of power is not what is empowering women. we also need men whose support women. one of the favorite cartoons features a boardroom was one dozen men around the table and one woman. of the chair looks out and says that is a great point let's just wait until one of the men makes it. we need men to make that point. we also need to change the dynamic of women and politics more women have to target their votes and dollars of political candidates who are willing to of finance women's issues will also need a strong women's movement to help create public support for public initiatives.

national research shows the presence of a women's movement is a better predictor of policies then women's representation in the legislature. in over one century ago the editor of a newspaper advised women to raise more hell and it remains codifies. thank you. [applause]>> just curious for se who has been in the field a long time hoodoo gain inspiration from? who are your role models? >> i think my initial role model is too wrote the

second sex which is a very early account of women's subordination. and i can still remember the of moment that i read that book i was probably with the university library and i began to see the role differently but in terms of contemporary thinkers the one that stands out as gloria steinem who has benes a some feminist practice and principal and out there on all these issues and at a very early point extremely conscious of the need to make the women's movement inclusive to reach out to women of color and lower income groups. i still recall she came to yale when i was a student and brought the women of color with her to speak at the podium and had a

wonderful african american and feminist so kennedy was wonderful i still recall a cost dial question from the members of the audience if the two of them were lesbians licking of the person who answered the question are you my alternative? gloria steinem has the same sense of humor and has been a wonderful role model and has broken a lot of barriers in stereotypes for women as unattractive and strident when and humorless man haters. >> i appreciate tremendously

d.c. there is the female economy occurring? this is the big concept to discuss through women's legal or whenever it is with the housekeeping leadership going to people's houses where silicon valley executives and entrepreneurs and then someone like me as part of the global economy who has a very different experience.

>> yes. i started off with that new yorker cartoon that none of us can speak for all women. within the women's community but on some of those policy issues of sexual violence with family issues and collective rights so that is the point to drive home that we should all marched to the beat of a single drummer and people make different choices in their own lives and i say this i have a lock on what works best for women but and for what policies

serve could finance the interest of most women and they deserve greater representation. >> that human-rights are women's rights so we need to drive home the message has certainly from talking about that policy agenda around the globe it would be broader than i sketched out briefly tonight. >> so my question will not come out right but the old

well-documented differences from two different genders their more relational because they're biologically wired it differently. but i'm still struggling with a provocative notion of the title of your book for reasons which is "what women want" because it seems to me it is almost the artificial goal to have pared beef because it is different path so what do women really want? >> i will start by a disagreeing all these differences that we see are biologically hard wired.

hair is a cottage industry that tries to say how much is nature, jews nurture and experts are divided over how much of the difference we see is biologically rich kid. with the roles that men and women have performed if we're biologically hard wired you would not see that. as anyone knows who has taken a stroll down the shopping lanes at a children's toy store, we are socializing boys and girls very differently a very early as is the girl i'll has barbie's and princesses and the boy i know has trucks and tanks. it is very hard to know how much of that of the biological differences how much is a cultural pattern.

he is saying that there are some certain differences between men and women but those ought not to have the same differences in outcomes that i mentioned at the beginning of economic security with basic rights and entitlements with equal pay and equal opportunities. those issues of book tries to get women to you not around it doesn't require us to take a position with the difference that we see is biological and how much is socially determined. benitez require the results to equalize them to ensure women have a fair chance at a level playing field is

>> and sent those will be to a different outcome but i used to work for a large consulting firm that is just like a law firm and year after year hadley get more? what we found was more than the average were taking 10 years to go raise families and that was costing them in the chance to become a partner at the same time if you hire a man and woman at the same equally in the trajectory is common over five years than the one takes off to raise her family. so unless women stop having children we just cannot

figure out to bring that trajectory back to you gather. so how did you say from a policy or legal standpoint? how do you deal with that? >> i think there are a number of ways per '01 is by encouraging men to do their fair share at the house to not penalize them that our primary caretakers most of the studies show even as we punish women who take time off for reduced schedules to accommodate family obligations, or even more punitive to men who'd do that, until we change that fact women will pay the predominant price to have different burdens of responsibility. we need to make a lot easier

for women to re-enter the work place. we make the exit ramp simple and the reentry points difficult. a lot of the companies are coming to realize that is not a cost-effective use of the talent pool. we need to figure out ways to retrain and though women who want to re-enter the workforce to give them the capacity to do so. for office of women who take time off want to return to full-time work eventually but two-thirds are unable to do that. that is a failure of policy choices that needs to be addressed. >> i had for years off and returned to management consulting in the partnership was declined i

urge the highest amount of money over the men and i a 42. >> that is a good textbook case. figgie for sharing that. -- thank you for sharing that. >> the women's movement is at least 100 years old if you go back to the suffragettes. like the civil-rights movement with african americans that is about 50 years different movements of this sort, long staggered. i am thinking about the deal

have any comments on gender as a relates to crossed gender? that is a movement that is now 50 years old that most and related to the women's movement cynic yes. i think we're just discovering the extent that gender roles are more fluid than we thought they were a and discrimination against transgendered individuals is a city began problem there is a division how to deal with it, whether to include them with the proposed legislation dealing with discrimination issues concerning the admission of transgendered males into all female institutions.

we are really at a turning point. a college at one point had a controversy over that very issue. we're at a point of just discovering belatedly with the gay and lesbian movement how much discrimination really there is on the basis of sexual orientation. and starting to think about the policies they need to redress -- us address. one more question. >> this is great stuff. if deal and i were talking 25 years ago in the late '80s and i asked where you imagine we would be now a quarter century later would you have predicted of

landscapes that you see now or would you have imagined we would be in a very different world? >> i don't have a lot of confidence of my own capacity for predictions. i think i would have thought the peaks and valleys as a student of social movements even 25 years ago uc the ebb and flow. i think over the long term i am very optimistic and i am still optimistic despite having written three books on what the problems are and what the policy agenda should be. because the demographics are with us. women are half of the talent pool and we cannot afford to not fully equalize their contributions in the world. most organizations are waking up to thatt.