>> now for the program, the history of computing is epic and the ongoing story how one of the greatest periods of creativity in human history has been unleashed and populated with some of the most fascinating people of our time and now one of the most distinguished biographers of our time has taken it on to produce an exceptional results. is walter issacson not

content solely with his award winning best selling biography benjamin franklin, alberta einstein and steve jobs he has returned once more to paint a very large canvas and the book gives "the innovators" how a group of hackers, geniuses, and geeks created the digital revolution" we're all delighted to have learned in the process that he has the energy can has tapped into it directly. steve jobs and more ways year but also has a story about the lesser known icons of computing the women who program for example, or those hackers behind the first online communities and the skier belgian engineering gave rise to the world wide web and even sorts out there real story behind allegory and the internet. [laughter]

he will take as an abbreviated journey with a distant figures please join me to welcome walter issacson. [applause] >> welcome back. >> is great to be back this is an amazingly wonderful place it is such an honor to be back here. you can even reveal my inner geek. [laughter] >> host: you are about to do that yourself talk about electrical engineers and i love the circuit boards so two's a back and write about them. >> is that how you originally got into this? did you developed a fascination? >> guest: no. one of the things that you learned is my dad was electrical engineer and made we understood how love

capacitor works and how to make a circuit i just wanted to convey that excitement most people in this room remember opening things up figuring how to make a circuit so we don't have that feeling of excitement so then i wooshes with time inc. and my boss said that is the clue this question how did it come to be? it is interesting to figure out then an interview delegates and with that

industrial revolution to be both of those stories. so with that scientific revolution with the american revolution but we don't know who is the power of the digital revolution even though we are in and it every day. >> host: one way or inspiration? going back to the roots of computing. >> it was embarrassing every member of the family my daughter was to be writing her entrance essayed to go to college and we thought parents were supposed to be

involved and she thought to the contrary and was not even talking to us about it and finally she said i have written it and i have sent in addition though i said what was then on and she said lovelace. i did know who that was but i could not remember what it was she did so that got be turned on i had been working on it off and on for 15 years and the more i studied and her partnership the more i realized that is a great device the of the connection of the humanities to the processors and engineering.

and i think we even showed it had every product launch he had the intersect note the liberal arts and technology or sciences. to be a romantic poet and her mother as a mathematician schaede helped the intersection which is where the true creativity happens in the digital age. >> there is the thesis that everybody needs to understand you wrote the key to innovation and creative geniuses tree innovative ideas practical engineers to turn concepts into contraptions to turn the invention into a practical product. you believe in that ecosystem and you referred to that again and again as

genius and the practical engineer with the process of collaboration. backbench and lovelace had their own he called her my view is we should not overstates her but in some ways not as great of a mathematician as she would have liked to believe that could understand the sequence of her numbers and become the first published program when somebody disparages this is the lovelace days we should celebrate its. [applause] so tell me the sequence of the numbers and how you do a chart on a mechanical processor to generate them and then people understand what a partnership she had and how important she was too bad pitch -- babich as a

human calculator and then to look at the mechanical breeding rooms -- breathing room she had the punch cards in the mechanical rooms of the industrial revolution that day saw on the trip but her father i mean that literally the only speech he gives in the house of lords is defending the followers of the one who was smashing the lives to put people out of work with disruptive technology is not new. [laughter] it goes back a long time. was so instead of thinking they are bad she says these punch cards go downstairs and but get them she has a

line in her set of notes and ada says it will make the machine me able to read patterns like the living can and then she said into anything that can be notated symbolically. it will make music she said. it will do patterns edit will be a computer. she is pretty awesome. >> host: you point out simultaneously one of the over and under appreciated in the history of computing. >> guest: she grabbed onto some items. there is a lot of good books on her. betty has her letters and greater analysis and she is

very favorable to the role of ada. there is another box on the analytical with babich the most scientific is from dorothy stein titled ada but with a controversy like kind i'd like that but there is some guy who did a ph.d. at harvard that ada was a manic depressive with the most amazing illusions about her talent she was as mad as a hatter and contributed more than trouble. that is a footnote by the way. but i paid two's thank you don't have to overstate her accomplishments to marvel at how wonderful it was that she saw the magic and

humanities to be connected to the machine. the interesting thing about the digital age is it is very collaborative with people working together than who deserves the most credit? and then helping the engineer for the first atari know i did more or i did more and reduce the that all the time. so i tried judiciously to say here is the disputes but by the way this revolution is so amazing there is enough credit to go around we should not fight over it. >> host: we have four stories on the stage tonight we started with babich and lovelace then we go to the enigma. we will talk about that but

then the apple one thing we will also talk after that. so let's talk about codebreaking. you do something very interesting to explore the year of 1937 when everything is converging all at once on the globe. >> guest: one of the things about history and technology it is not totally revolutionary but every and then it is punctuated and things happen. 37 is one of those years with analytic science and figuring out information theory and understanding algebra that allows a logical sequence based on the on/off switch that connects the had the vacuum

tubes like at bell labs they make these advances. and then to do things that he does but start with lovelace she said the machine can do everything we tapestries or write music but she says there is one thing a man shoot o dash rashid will never be able to do. that is think it is humans that have the creativity so adam says that is our objection 100 years later he is leading her notes so he comes up with the task how do we know? and you put a machine and

their remedies send questions you cannot tell the difference there is no empirical reason to say it is not thinking. you could have others say that is not a good test so it is ingrained looking at artificial intelligence and a movie is coming out called the invitation came it is about that task. two's strands of computer history the lovely story and that is the culmination of humans and machines are always more powerful than just machines doing artificial intelligence alone. that is if he might try a to explore in the book talking about how watson and i am built to become more powerful so that is the lovelace strand.

now we get to the secret facility in england that machine is the enigma machine which codes the german messages. fortunately for intelligence's originally captured was so they can breakout the code is done but one of the amazing things that touring does is how you make me first real electronic operable computer and they use it to break the german code. when we argue what is the first computer one contender has to be a logical sequence

to break the code that was done on the machine and especially tiny flowers and others. >> host: there are a few other players say you cover in 1937. and you explore this story in detail. and he has read part of the book but i actually don't give credit to former touring building the first machine that was worried by john said it was all right. here is the argument it does not fit into notion of a collaborative team he is a loner he drives alone in the nose mobile one night driving to misery to get the

glass because i was said tri-state it comes up with the notion to use electronic circuit to do logical processing and builds one in the basement at iowa state just a graduate student but has no team around them. they get it pretty good and nice little machine that they cannot get it working because they don't have mechanics and engineers with a punch card burner feted the end the people and i was state has no idea what it is and they throw it away which is why we have to recreate it for this museum. he never really executed he cannot really be called the first computer.

>> host: what you do prefer in this pecking order that john later joined by mr. eckerd is working on at the university of pennsylvania. >> john is typical of the great innovators of the digital age he led to gore around to pick up ideas whenever he went. he is from washington and he loved to come to places like this to hear lectures and going to dinners saudi flips around to places like the 1939 world's fair to harvard to one on electronic mechanical computer that

said dash building one in my basement but then he drives to iowa state and will set the machine to take notes and when he gets back he had six women who will talk about mathematical programmers those who have greece under their fingernails and it is the first working machine that is programmable and is fully electronic and it actually works so if you look for the one that is programmable and digital and electronic

soviet was special this you can have the cables be plugged or do other things. typically we all collaborate to and bill gates looks at the first macintosh a rebate takes everybody's ideas but not surprisingly there is 15 years of a lawsuit because after it was built it becomes unit back in the commercial form and they start enforcing patents at what point honeywell wants to break the patent so for 58 years to have of lawsuits over who deserves a patent

and indeed end the court ruled against them but did not a war that patent which is probably correct. >> we have the trustee who follows that -- recalls that lawsuit that this invention of the computer. [laughter] >> with all no respect to the lawyers that is the whole notion of historical invention to copyright lawsuits there is one with texas instruments that are pictured in your lot me almost simultaneously do the microchip ended is l lawsuits for many years but they always gave each other the of credit and a flower they could go on and on finally they got together and japan's now let's get

the lawyers out of this. >> host: now go back to that any act within a story of computing that they recruit mostly math majors from small midwestern colleges to bring them to pennsylvania that they will be assigned the task of programming this computer. why are they so obscure but played such an important role? >> guest: partly because it was during though more. a and this was originally done mainly to calculate missile trajectory for artillery tables. as the war is ending they realize it could do other things that i wanted to know of the hydrogen bomb concept

will work does it do the explosion and implosion? and they understand how to unplug and the boy is with there to always thought they were in charge and the data unveiled finally it is valentine's day. "the new york times" is there and dignitaries there will finally show off a new machine, they do the program and have to stay up all night they got one thing wrong they finally figured out and it worked perfectly for the demonstration. everybody goes to a candle lit dinner at 10, a

black-tie but the women are not invited the women take the bus back to their apartment feeling bad they did not get invited to the debtor. so we all have to have role models. put these people back in the histories and everybody feels included in this revolution. >> host: has you know, -- [applause] you should buy her autobiography was published posthumously and online now and it is played your programmers. here is a little thing she is from misery -- misery,

one of seven or eight children and decides she wants to go to college so for $78 per year she can go to the missouri state teachers college and she wants to be a mathematician. that was fine support at $78 she becomes a mathematician and she is a advertisement to come to philadelphia we need mathematicians. and she becomes a pioneer programmer. right now that college costs $14,000 per year. we should not cut off the ability for everybody to get a good education. [applause]

she was so accomplished and schaede continued her career the other one was from harvard but the main not have invited the women that they made up for it because they hired these women and one of them actually married john and she became one of the great pioneer programmers. it is interesting that you are winning go into a computer science now than 20 years ago. that is why it is good to have cheryl and marisa here. >> host: top-secret rosie's is a movie about the history of these women. >> guest: there is another

, you should go online to google there are a couple of documentary's. >> host: moving on to the semiconductor now let's talk the transistor and the circuit but i want to talk about it to draw a contrast the way teams and collaboration have been by contrasting to different approaches one is the shockley approach and his team and then the integrated circuits on the other. talk about shockley. >> guest: a genius but also paranoid and eventually racist. he is at bell labs by far is the coolest place for

collaboration in the '30's and 40's. and they have to figure out how to amplify the phone signal to make a call to new york and they need a solid state amplifier. so he leads the team with bell labs. i love it because it is the collaboration where in the hallway the the the quantum theorist but they share awards space for the experimentalist to knows how to take a piece of silicon that is a semiconductor to make it conduct better or worse or a solid state

amplifier which means quantum theory also material science like what is happening to those electrons dancing on the surface state of a piece of silicon. so they almost do a call and respond as a composer as they figure out ways to make out the various materials into better semiconductors and even using a paper clip. their work under shockley and he has contributed many theories but he was hands off. un like the heroes who does not like giving credit as much as he likes taking credit. he is furious when they put

on the application for the patent and he insists he bien all the press releases that in the publicity photos he gets to be in it just as they take this photo they all stand up and he sits down to grab the microscope and they said they hated this photograph from then on. then shockley is such a pain to work with the only time they speak is when they win the nobel prize. . .

in a way that they have been doing it and it's not too far from here a big room, nobody has a corner office and put a beat up desk in the center of the room of a long-awaited more and others and there is no hierarchy

and not only the microchip, but what they invent is the silicon valley culture dot sort of open non- authoritarian company. we had gore been here for the 50th anniversary. >> i love driving to the website >> it's true she was a difficult guy to work for but was a good judge of talent. >> they didn't mean it to be statistical but it certainly got the same laugh as everybody gave tonight. so he is the anomaly in that ecosystem that you talked about and i wanted to ask at this point why is it that some teams have those in the practical engineer and that ecosystem why

do some succeed and why do some not succeed. they had a transistor that he kept insisting woodwork and it didn't so sometimes you just get a wrong but usually if you get that ecosystem of the visionaries people can execute and turn into products that is another thing that sometimes you forget that you need the business person who came to turn it into a real product and that is what you see of texas instrument. >> you remind us all that it not only was the perfect implementation of the technology that revolutionized american culture. >> i love the transistor radio. it's making our devices personal way steve jobs left to do it not

doing the list creator official intelligence and what the people of texas instrument and others figured out is that you had these transistors but you need a market for them. it is important for the limited market. radios were a shared appliance is just like many things you have something that's a shared like a computer that somebody makes personal. so they finally make the regency transistor radio and it allows you to control the dial in structural appearance and allows you to take it to the beach or the backyard or wherever and in the same month edolphus presley puts out the same album. i am convinced there is a

symbiosis at times. rock music would have had a hard time taking off if it was only the radio in the living room parents control control divinely inspired the way the tensest or radios became a must-have thing. i remember in the early 60s getting my transistor radio. you could listen to any music you want to especially with what your parents didn't like so you have a symbiosis like the automobile industry that goes up symbiotically but more important if you want to look at the trajectory of the digital revolution is making our machines more personal taking a computer and you can put it on

your lap, taking the radio, ipod. nobody knows that we need a thousand songs in our pocket until steve jobs said yes music is personal. >> that is the perfect segue to the story. of course that is bound up in the story of bill gates and paul allen and steve wozniak. i want to talk about that because we have the apple i over there. i wonder if when you started the book did you intend to examine the personal relationship as a part of the story? >> when we were to talk would talk about the visionaries and engineers can often the teams have steve jobs make a stand

alan, john lockley, all the way down the list for the kernel and in the computer sense of the kernel of the operating system. he was the one that said no make it about the pc into and the internet so i interviewed him very many times in seattle, but the really important thing is that when it comes along it does exactly what we said was it takes something that is a big and impersonal thing like a computer that up until then we kind of fear was going to be controlled by the government into the pentagon and corporations but he makes it

something a hobbyist can do. with all due respect it has a few lights and switches but people went nuts because you could slaughter it and make it do things and it didn't have any basic programming. one of the things that we like to believe is that if you have a great product and it's like a tree falls in if a tree falls in the forest and nobody hears it you are not even sure that it makes a sound one of the things he did as he would get it on the cover of popular electronics. so paul allen and december of that year is going to the harvard school news stand because his friend is a harvard and has convinced paul to drop out and leave and come to

cambridge and did not do anything so he's there and says it is happening without us. he grabs a copy of the magazine and he trudges through the house and says this is happening without us and does you know he starts walking and he's reading this and he blows off all of the exams and they sit there using the computer right next to the one that was at the lab and did they write the basic. the gates basically doesn't shave at this point but at least paul allen can grow sideburns, so they want to figure out what to do and they realize that he's going to have to be the one to bring it to albuquerque with him

but bill is sort of in charge said they decided that he should call at roberts and see that we have a version of the basic that he should say that he is paul allen said he makes his deep voice her and says he's paul allen and he says okay if you walk through the door coming you've got the kind of traffic. so then paul allen flies to albuquerque and they make the first of the two good deals because you have to be a businessman. they say fine but we keep the rights to it and we get a license to anybody else. sound familiar? that's what they do with the ibm operating system and so that's why basic becomes the standard, the microsoft basic becomes the standard. >> b. anecdotes about you pretend that you're me and talk to this guy on the phone it is there's another anecdote earlier where they are young boys working in seattle at the lake

side lab and there are four of them. they get a contract that paul allen becomes convinced that he can work with a number of the group not to bill gates and they take it on and they tried to do this job for the company in portland. they get halfway through and they discover they can't do it so he calls him and says we are in trouble i have to have you come back and then you have this quote and i want to read it because it is so interesting. he says to him okay that i'm going to be in charge and i will get used to being in charge and it will be hard to be with me from now on unless i am in charge and if you put me in charge i'm in charge of this and anything else we do. that is really interesting. [laughter] >> the added word is true it turns out that way. >> it was an interesting partnership and you see that

without leaping ahead too far. you have to have somebody that is the driven visionary. he is been under when i came in to talk about the book that you had in the real key was sitting right there and we talked about it and in the end he realizes okay steve jobs did the show and likewise a bill gates really did start driving microsoft and he becomes more and more in charge. i try to be not judgmental about that and i know you should read paul allen's book and his memoir is good and i think that he has some resentment, that bill gates was pretty awesome. he knew how to code and run a company. >> there are other passages that

you refer to that it seems he doesn't capitulate as much as he just said i just understood this is the way we could best work together and that we could actually get things done and they each take their roles and carry them out. >> sometimes we think that these partnerships are mysterious but then you should step back and realize we've all been through things like that. i've run the cnn, the times and things like that. you have to think sometimes this is the way life is. sometimes partnerships have a lot of tension but these partnerships are very productive and i will tell you the last product launch i went to near the end for steve we shouldn't be too judgmental about the partnerships that have judgment especially when they create microsoft and apple.

>> that's the final relationship i wanted to get into with you. >> one of them is coming up for auction and there are $600,000. >> see the guard that we have over there. >> i was hoping that was my gift. [laughter] and that it would have his signature on it. >> you told of such a complete story in your biography of steve jobs i'm wondering if in this book did you want to eliminate anything or did you even discover? >> could tell it more ayatollahs more for his contributions of people don't feel they've already read that chapter. but here's what i discovered when writing about steve jobs. we think that he is the great visionary and that out of his head comes apple and all these

things and he is a great visionary that what he did extraordinarily well is that even though he was tough to deal with and could be tough on people at times, he developed an incredible set of teams and they are very collaborative and one of the last things i asked steve jobs is what was the thing that you created that you are the most proud of that's why he says the ipod or the iphone or whatever. no, creating a product is very hard but creating a company that can continue to pay products is a even harder. the thing i'm proudest of is creating the team that became apple so look at the original team in 1980 to 1984. half of them have been in this room. all of them would say how hard it was to work for steve that every one of them would say. i think that was in the

highlights reel, but that i wouldn't give it up for anything in the world. he made me do things i didn't think i could do. when you look at all of these bosses and the valleys over the years they don't have teams that stay loyal. whether it was the original macintosh team or the team steve had at apple in the past decade that's an incredibly good team of people like tim cook and john even has a great feel for beauty and art. so i discovered that besides being a visionary he was also a team builder and he probably doesn't get enough credit for being a collaborative team builder because if you looked up collaboration on wikipedia you probably wouldn't see his picture that india and he deserves credit for building the

most loyal team of any computer company that i know. >> before we give people the impression that we are on a journey that starts about 1986 you do a wonderful job of bringing the story current and talking about the online world. this is before the internet and the web and the rise of the world wide web on top of the internet. what did that whole mix did you pass in on as the story that you felt was emblematic of that? >> emblematic of the digital revolution is the creation and you would have to have one or two unsung heroes. he is once again a missouri person who likes getting credit more than taking it and when he's doing the air defense system at mit and other places

he creates a notion of the contributor display that's easy to read because if you are doing the system you have to know quickly what happened. it has they has to be fast and interactive. we also realize and you have it downstairs you have to have 23 of these things all over the country and they have to instantly connect. he comes up with a phrase. then you have these people all working collaboratively to create the protocols for the host to host communications and then eventually they had been as a graduate student. so a few years later they said we now have a few switch networks they need to do internetwork which is the phrase internet protocols and they do the tc ip.

one of the things i noticed because i grew up, i was running the digital media for the time inc. was back in 1990 the internet is big and wonderful but you cannot get on it if you are just a normal person. you have to be at a university, at a research lab. you can't just from home and i a lot and likewise the personal computer and most of the people that invented it a kind of wanted it as a personal creativity tool and it wasn't seen as a network tool. 1990 to 1990 four something amazing happened which is we get to interconnect our computers and desserts with the online services that one of them connected to the internet meaning of the well individually steve case helps take over america online which was a

flailing company but once again you needed a team like the visionary who could implement it and then i think that it's in -- i can't remember exactly but i think that all of you every september there would be a new wave of people that got to come onto the internet because they went to college and all of a sudden they get on the internet and about with the september problem because they would all post on the bulletin boards and cues that individually they would get them straight and be okay. aol because of al gore in the 1992 act allows the internet to be opened up to online services. i remember vividly because

suddenly, you know, we could go and then having an open gate to go onto the internet and it was called the endless september because from then on to people start flooding onto the internet but it's a good thing and it allows the internet to get back to the theme of the book to become personal and to become something the rest of us can use. >> you match that up to the cultural transition that the holocaust is going through almost with everybody, all the turmoil in the united states and the complete upheaval of social norms and campus unrest and the idea that information was going to be free and everybody needed to be a part of that is that this marriage of online computing played into that. >> this is the epicenter.

i guess i shouldn't use earthquake. [laughter] it begins in the 70s and all the way through and this is a section of my book i crowd source. i put these passages on and many others who might never met before but it was a community organizer put it on the site you could add things in so these chapters became crowd sourced by the people involved and then there was a whole building of the tribes and i would go back to the 70s where you have the people from the defense industry and the people with their pocket protectors from hewlett-packard you had the crowd that believed in access to tools.

online he actually helped to edit this chapter and then you've got the activists. that became an ironic statement we don't want the corporations to own the machines. and then out of that there is a culture and that has as its one common flavor and high authoritarian lets take the tools let's take the tools back and let's make the tools personal. that's when the computer of rises and the notion of switchboards and bulletin boards, online services and eventually the world wide web.

>> use at use it as project aside to this project aside to work on busty jobs biography. you'd been working on it a long time. how difficult was it for you and second, how well-informed do you feel you were to enter into the steve jobs projects because of all of this work that you have been giving? >> i had been gathering strength versus the early '90s when i was doing digital media and because i cared about computers and my bosses were saying who owns this internet and as i said, i am probably not the best historical researcher in america. leslie did a wonderful book and does the archives here at stanford (-left-paren right and center and i may not be the best journalist they know how to mesh the two industry i want to come to your house. i had a good fortune in my life

life life with having invented a place like cnn or time or writing books where if i called larry page and a sad i want you to sit down and go through with me and i spend the time doing it and so we have a little advantage that comes from being a journalist so i tried to put those things together. we are gathering strength every time i'm interviewing and we need and eat a year of the man believed to -- man of the year. i was in no rush to write this book and certainly had the chance to do the steve jobs book but the time had come and i wanted to put it together.

>> let's talk about questions from the audience. here's one about bill labs. what do you think about the labs today? >> many of the other institutions that we had a lot of research being done. you also had one of the unsung heroes who was not only as we may think the recipe of 1945 personal computer and the internet and wikipedia but also for helping run the war research that oversaw the manhattan project for the government and other key puts together this triangle of the corporate

research centers, universities like stanford, harvard, mit and private perforations and you have things like the land that almost fall in between. those were the days though lab was at the heart and we did basic research in this country. as i say in this book you have to read every congressman should be made to redesign the next frontier which is the memo to eisenhower who becomes great. eisenhower is the perfect president to bring together the academy, the military and corporations. what he says that went to truman but then eisenhower implements is the basic research of the seed corn from which we will give future inventions. he turns out to be right, the

internet, the laser, the microchip, whatever it may be. stanford does a great job because it provides the academic and whatnot but the cutbacks of the basic research funding by the corporations and the federal government is one of the things i worry about which is a nice way of saying that it isn't quite what it used to be. stanek many people may not have read the book because it has been out for a week. if your name appears in the text please raise your hand. stand up for a second. [applause] you are standing up. that was a bad joke. i'm knowing that he was going to be be an in history he's sitting there at the lab at ucla where

they are connecting, and it was a precursor to the internet and the first two routers. >> they were basically just packet switches. >> be processors being the government acronym they had to use and so typing in to make sure i think the wonders of stamford, right? sputnik monitoring at stanford i was trying to login which add those days -- >> sri cannot stanford. sorry. we know the difference. i've by the way, sri fits into this. anyway, i typed a v. l and the o

and g and he said my system crashed. [laughter] i can explain it but it's not not troubled into the conversation. wells is in the tax? -- who else is in the index? >> it's like a quaker town meeting. it is a lot longer than they tweet which is even better. this is a wonderful question. now you've worked on some of the figures in american history. has reading and researching these figures changed you and has it changed your outlook and the way that you think about your self in that context? ..

>> >> so i was interested in the notion of innovation to be a collaborative and a team sport. >> host: you would not find that in silicon valley although we are happy the way we do that. >> said digital revolution is almost ingrained in the genetic code there is the

distributed peer to peer network way of creativity is how they form a company and peer to peer that in some ways it is powerful to distribute information with peer to peer networking is central to the digital revolution to make the creativity of it. but that is true of the next biotech revolution. >> host: you mentioned you putting section top bond crowd source and how satisfied were you? >> guest: i was blown away.

but with that colonial postal service though people can share ideas and documents he was the scientist saw these papers are exchanged and we have been doing that forever but in "time" magazine whenever i rebook fargo two's 10 or 20 friends to say correct but now in one day as of calder no different tribes and got 17,800 corrections which is really cool. [laughter] a lot of them are in there. i will float the idea.

this should not just be a book handed down. we will work together to turn this into a multimedia book i dunno if we're ready to announce that yet but we just did the next thing i want to do i wanted to be somewhat like with the pds document and also multimedia. so charlie calling can take his loss and a plug to become part of the book and then to say let me put it up i have pictures of that video may be thousands of people could do a collaborative book. as an author but it should be as a curator of a crab

source with a multimedia block that the next phase is when bit chlorine or other ec currency grid is collaborative a created so the content should not always be free if they pay $10 that can be allocated on those that contributed so with the crowd sourced carey did royalty share multi media forms of narrative history. that is amazing. we will do well here. absolutely. [applause]

>> one additional story before we leave this area is euronext variants to try the we keep hevea industry about einstein this wonderful miracle happens like a lot of people i was fascinated about the power of craft sourcing i can remember but there was albert e. people say wikipedia is not reliable. i am stunned at how reliable is it is that's of course, idiots can put things and bad been they have the aversion button and the crowd says what is bad. those laws have been fought with more intensity than any

war we fight now so the wikipedia on albert einstein says in 1937 he secretly travel to albania because he got a visa to escape the nazis. not one word of that sentence is true but it is there on wikipedia so i take it out. and it comes back with these citations they are a passionate albanian expatriate who has websites and somebody said michael cole once told me he was walking down the street he met albert einstein. so it has references to your web sites and then they kept getting pushed back in so i try to figure out how to do this but then here is the

passport he was using, he was at princeton, he was not in albania but it keeps coming back. finally it just disappears. the entry turns out to be correct. i did not attribute this because the wisdom of the crowd has it wrong. so i fixed it and i realized that i am just a part of the crowd. but that is what the crowd was to include me and everybody else that is when i became a fan of collaboration in the wisdom that can come from that. >> i love that story and the future telling of history.

so now returning to the theme you had earlier you credited steve jobs in the way that you talk about today you gave the lecture and gave been great detail us team they are really beginning to explore. >> the book begins and ends with data so with that combination of human creativity is more powerful even though some day we will hit singularity so in the meantime the connection of human creativity augmented by the power of machines but

the google algorithm is an algorithm that connects to the judgments millions the day so i combination of human creativity or processing power. two's they want to collaborate with doctors? with a computer and the acumen could be the best human or beth computer. i believe in that vision to connect to the humanities two's the sciences and have to feel comfortable. that is what google is all about that is what blogging

is all about and williams when he does twitter or a medium a computer platform committee intimate and more personal. one of the awesome people ever? steve jobs make it personal. and with that connection of the humanities. made a a similarity where machines will leave us behind as he was there with mary shelley frankenstein monster but i always believed with the humanities and the sciences are like

steve jobs. >> we like our authors to redo their own voice. >> just start their. >> we humans can remain relevant in the era of cognitive computing because your able to think different almost by definition and cannot master. repossess of imagination that as lovelace said '' brings together the adl sang conceptions with varying combinations. we appreciate their beauty and put that into a narrative with storytelling

as well as social animals. creativity and false intentions and aesthetic judgments personal consciousness and a moral sense this is what the arts and humanities teaching us why those are as valuable with science and technology engineering and math. to uphold the symbiosis' to obtain a role as a partner of our machine continue to nurture the wellsprings of our imagination and humanity that is what we bring to the party. >> fantastic. thank you. [applause] >> before he leaves he has

spent more generous he got up at 3:00 this morning because he was on television at 6:00 a.m. but the their front and center about the history of computing with the role of technology and implication for the future front and center and i want to publicly acknowledge not for the work he has done. >> also for supporting the museum. [applause] [inaudible conversations]

>> when people think about about, that there is a number of images and mythologies that come to mind in the first instance of aerial combat with the first world war arguably and i think for the public in general and four historians a sense of glamour the