>> when people think about about, that there is a number of images and mythologies that come to mind in the first instance of aerial combat with the first world war arguably and i think for the public in general and four historians a sense of glamour the wind

in the wire type of thing to have a chivalrous combat is not quite to the reality. life spans were short and airplanes broke down and people were killed on a regular basis i decided to do a comparison based on the fact of here at the air force academy to have the opportunity to study in britain to pursue a doctorate at king's college and being an airman i had a taste that was quite natural with the command and they were both conducting a sustained air campaign against nazi germany so i had a test case about the human dimension and it

decided at 56,000 and of the almost 47,000 were killed and about nine or 10,000 ended up in the german prisoner of war camps. you have a casualty rate almost 50 percent with bomber command. and that principled campaign in europe and to another's 20,000 in the pow camp. there is the casualty rates and that is substantial given the number of men.

end in the air combat of the second world war these air crew members in particular whether things worth mentioning is the on-again off-again nature to bring in new and different kind of stress different with the infantry soldier experience in the european theater. but they were based in britain so depending on the weather or the target to spend several harrowing hours rather watch airplanes burst into flames and then

they come back at the end of the mission and then in britain it was very often rainy so they would have several days off. it was on-again and off-again for the americans. and then enjoy themselves one day but almost certain death the next. but the difference was they were is a the home country to have measurable distance from the airfield that you have crew to carry out military missions to deal

with the uncertainties of family life it was that unusual qualities that lead to stress and anxiety but with regard to how both air force's recognized and dealt with this there were some differences based on cultural factors, it is fair to say some of this as a result of the first world war the recognition that all their men or soldiers there were men in combat since there were subject to anxiety that fear was perfectly normal you should not feel like a coward. the message was quite well

to deal with it and a support system and it is less of a recognition that is the case. because in britain that men of character would be people of courage it is fair to say there was less tolerance with the effects of anxiety. historians have to reexamine the evidence and be careful to make sweeping assertions but there is some evidence of britain there was less willingness to the stress and anxiety.

and then to allow any weakness and then with diseases and then you will see that ptsd is a more modern term with the obama command with that anxiety would be a result of stress. and in the case of united states it is interesting to note the language to use the term combat fatigue in those days. it is an interesting selection because it notes

that you are tired so combat fatigue is recoverable. that is what we've learned from the first world war. just like shall shock. said it is physiological that it may have had an impact on the soldier's brain but by the second world war was here and anxiety. with that general sense if all helping combat long enough then they show symptoms to not being able

two's sleep for alcohol is a more hyper such a rally. that was more combat fatigue and could be identified. and in those days to be treated as they could to read there we're located we use the term proximity and the since the quicker they were treated with the immediacy the chances of recovering were better. with the expectation that they would rejoin their units so in those days it was called proximity and as a result of american forces

set up and do can imagine that your career at the time they call it a flat forms and then upon the number of missions and is the case of the homes there in britain very often on a beautiful lake where the air men were fed very, very well they could listen to music and could meet young ladies from the red cross -- red cross

of high reputation the design to make the air crew relax and forget about what they had seen and they have spent time on the issue of combat stress that the accident rate is infinitesimal tiny compared to the second world war. we spent billions of dollars in much training time to make aviation or combat aviation more effective that modern air war it is marked by high-speed aircraft because the precision guided weapons if it has a human element to mention with

stress and anxiety some saying that commanders will have to deal with

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