james deluc. i want to start with a question and i and inspired by a couple presentations. what it has to do with for the purposes of working on kyushu's like protective equipment,

disinfection, waste disposal, has any thought been given to what is an appropriate surrogate for beat ebola virus in terms of the behavior of survival under various conditions yet does not require being in a laboratory facilities in order to run an experiment. to people have any ideas? dr. peters? >> there is the species of ebola which is not pathogenic for humans and can be downgraded from 4. in addition to that, colleagues have produced an ebola virus by genetic engineering to ward off interference which ebola has and

that is probably not pathogenic, institution or review board giving permission to use it. >> any ideas about that? >> there are various viruses, and the question, you do those experiments and say is -- does that react the same way as the real virus but that would be another idea. >> from the point of view of studies doing pp e we would like a surrogate for fluorescence. >> some of the surrogates with waste which are bacteria which is not appropriate at all in terms of other characteristics. >> part of the from is the surrogate needs to be selected for the experiments you do.

if you want to look at environmental matrices you look at one certain debt. if you want to look at how interact with bleach you might look indifferent surrogate. if you look at thermal incineration you might look at a different one. selecting the right surrogate is difficult and it won't be one bug fits all. >> to follow up on fat as dr. howard pointed out having some surrogate, testing the cleaning of an air purifying mask is different from looking about what could. the question of what you are trying to do with testing, are you trying to evaluate the filtration effectiveness or with their somebody contaminates

their skin is a different question. so thinking through what you are asking requires d finding what you want in a surrogate. >> commercially available powders are not visible to the eye until you hit you the light and it seems to me that would be a very valuable adjunct to training people. if they put on their beer and have this applied and they were fluorescent, you could see some of the breaks might occur. >> first question at the microphone if you could identify yourself. the mic is a middle high.

>> it is fine. >> i am the safety and health director of the afl-cio and thanks to everybody for being here and your great presentations. last presentation really brought it all home in terms of the crisis being faced. one of the things that is really important is thinking about research in the same way we a thinking of how to stop the virus. we have to look at africa. we have to look first and foremost at africa for one of the research needs as well. one area that would be very helpful for us to focus on, 527 health care workers who have gotten sick in 250 who have died. do we have anymore information on those workers, what their occupations where, what the potential exposure is. it does seem that is going to be at the heart of the response. the heart of protecting those

people finding out as much as we can about the exposures and also go to the front-line workers in everett and find out what do they need? what are the questions that have to be answered for them to be able to do their jobs would be critical as we are going forward and we need to identify. >> great question. looking at this we tried to investigate as intensively as we can in health care infections and in my time in africa when we had health care workers i have gone to those people as awkward as it is, you can identify anything, extremely rare there is a discrete event someone says i have a high blood splashing my eyes and people have no idea where they got infected. one small irregularities that happened here and there and one

case where a guy got dressed up, went into the ward and went into the bathroom precipitously, didn't recognize any real breach in protocol but recognize that he did things very rapidly but we don't have an easy answer to that. very few people have something very discreet. we focus on the most difficult part of this although there is the potential for infection and other parts of the process and also even though it seems very logical to us and hard to believe a lot of these health care workers is still do delivery care on a private basis at their homes and potential for infection that is unrelated to that, a lot are unrecognized transmissions elsewhere. i don't think we were going to have through existing data

conclusive evidence threat that. >> next question? lieutenant marcy right. two questions for dr. peters, i appreciate your need for applied bio safety research for ways decontamination systems, but how do you develop the risk assessment justification and explanation to the lay public on technical nuances that we have on sterilization for the reduction versus decontamination. we do think to an acceptable level, as folks grapple with years of how well incinerator's incinerator a lipid on the low virus and to follow on, dr.

peters, how well developed a many genome systems and fires like particles systems or other assistance rest on ebola as a model in terms of pulling workout of the biosafety level including the use of the experiments? >> the whole peace issue of risk communication i didn't have on my slide but i should have. it is a huge gap across the whole spectrum of everything and especially on the waste management side they had to grapple with risk communication for years and years. i don't know there is the magic bullet for that but there is a definite need for us to be able to improve how we can take these

scientific nuances and explain them to not just the general public, but this is largely an interdisciplinary effort we are looking at it. you may have the jargon for one group of scientific experts could understand the jargon from another group of scientific experts. >> can't agree more with that. >> virus like particles can be made with ebola and look like ebola and at the same side as ebola so it would be a possibility, economically feasible, in terms of risk communication, first of all the public understands about as much

about microbiology as they do about and frugal calculus. they can add well but i won't go much beyond that. what i have usually done is taken on two or three reporters who seemed to be interested and more intelligent than average and have some background and spent time educating them and trying to use them as a mouthpiece contrasting their ability to translate what i say into real speech. >> there are several reporters in the room, all of whom are above average. >> let's say, we were on major news shows, and the communication challenge, the

differences this was a graphic that says 42 days. how would you explain that to the general public? >> it is not a fair question. >> that curve clearly demonstrates we can identify the vast majority but not all cases in 21 days so when we are talking about declaring the country free of disease, then twice that, 42 days is a criteria the who has used. intuitively you can run the graph and see there are no indications so it seems to me that additional safety

precaution is later. >> one more response. >> what would you say to that? when you looked at the distribution, round about 14 days, and there was a small second peak and i wonder if the alert reporter which last does that suggest it should be later and therefore true doubling is to take care of the unexpected outbreaks, the doubling of that. >> that is a good observation and i think you need to keep in mind that this is real data from the fields and accuracy of the observations you don't always know exactly when you are exposed as dan was saying, so

there is going to be inherently using real data some variability and assumptions we just have to take into account. >> next question. >> you started to present some of the daniel bausch's work. i hope dan could talk about what he was able to accomplish in terms of human specimens and the environment and of little bit more for the group. what is the research concerning the understanding of viability in various fluids? i have seen a sample, the first time in 30 days and some comment about aerosols if there was

information regarding aerosols'. >> that is what we did and to get taken care and public health response in reasonable order. we went around and was convening a sample. whatever sample we could get from a patient that was illustrated of the conclusions from that, the viruses were from very slick people. and numerous different fluids. semen is one we know from virus persistence two or three months, the latest week founded, viable virus was eight days after on set of bonus so it's nice to be longer, we didn't necessarily have the fluids from people that at every time point, desperately needs to be done is a similar thing but more prospective, we were taking samples that was on

the fly. and into isolation more than samples from every sample we can really from day one and at the excretion of this virus along time those lines so that is not particularly contemplated. we can do it, just need to set up to get that done. much has been made about virus and sweat but the only studies where the virus has been found in sweat was one we found in this what of a sick patient with ebola. it is a post-mortem study in sweat glands but those are sick people and inappropriate extrapolation is often made that since we can find it in sweat and those people who died, swept is on the bowling ball lands that chair and the subway in new york, and not necessarily true. on the environmental side it may

not be completely illustrative because that was a clean one when we did it so things were under control. if we took some environmental samples in the very unclean wards in the worst-case scenarios there might be more virus around but that stands to reason. aerosol, much has been made about aerosol, and depends how you view the data. most people get affected from blood and bodily fluids, and some small percentage, you don't have direct contact, some people say those other 15% aerosol transmission, and blood and bodily fluids, and show me the data to back of your opinion. they are not there which is why we are all here. >> one more comment?

>> 20% of recent new england journal paper patients coughed and one study in the 90s similarly showed 20% of ebola patients coughed. at least one case report of a likely airborne transmission and one of the lessons from sars was superspreaders and we don't know if it was the geometry of the airwaves track for the liquidity of everything across membranes degenerates aerosols. not that there isn't a reasonable competence to be asked, it is a reasonable question. >> i want to go to the point of dr. james deluc. you dropped this interesting concept of many transmissions that have occurred with 14,000

and the viral behavior, i thought you intimated the viral behavior, the transition may have changed. did i misinterpret you? >> my point was we don't know. we don't have any data. we knows this virus has been in human to cumin transmission for a long time, longer than has ever occurred in any previous known outbreak. we know arenaviruses adapt to their posts, the scientific facts. we don't have detailed observations that would allow us to associate any genetic change that may or may not happen because we don't have current genetic information on the viral systems and we don't have the detailed epidemiological background to put observations in the real world with the molecular analysis of the strain so we just don't know.

>> to the next question, i am from the office of science and technology policy and listening to of the comments about specimens and the availability of material to look at these important research questions i am asking the panel who might be able to facilitate sharing of specimens and access to 5 samples so that the world can make use of this material for research to inform the governments of sierra leone, guinea in liberia to develop better coming home management practices and research. does anybody know an answer to that? should we be creating one? do you have that, dr. james

deluc? >> i go back to the analogous analogies with the s.a.r.s. outbreak. bose the cdc and the w h o led a very aggressive effort to make sure the virus was available to the international scientific community for analysis and that went very well. i was at cdc and then, spent a lot of time packing up strains of s.a.r.s. to share with others so that worked very well. i don't know what the problems are now but i suspect it starts with countries who have ownership of the material but it is more complex than that and i don't have any answers. >> i will move to the next

question. >> thank you all for your work and your presentations. i wanted to thank daniel bausch for bringing us back to the reality that it is in west africa and the bulk of the diseases in west africa have spent a good part back and forth, 7 years in liberia and i can tell you about 10 of our team members died of ebola because of lack of personal protective equipment not because they didn't don it or do anything with it, they didn't have it. one of my concerns in listening this morning as we had a few cases in the united states and at this point every hospital in the united states has bought personal protection equipment they will never need which has made the pipeline to west africa dry up. we are about to send several teams to work on ebola in liberia and having trouble finding president protective

equipment to get there. i want to add that to our discussion because we do need to think about where we really need this equipment and make sure it gets there. the second thing i was thinking about is all of this information is wonderful research and on wonder how it will translate to places like daniel bausch should you and places i spent time in which we are lucky we can get bleach some times. if we could translate how we could safely dispose of waste, equipment, bodies on a much more simplified level and it is unlikely it is a lot of incinerators in the next five or six years cropping up in places like liberia and guinea and sierra leone, the same thing so i would be interested to hear how you think you contrast late some of the information you have

so eloquently presented in an immediate way to the countries that are suffering right now. >> reminders that at today's workshop we are focused on the situation in the u.s. but you raise an important point which is the impact of preparedness efforts in the u.s. on a global chain for self protective equipment and other things. i am wondering if there is any comment on that and we can delve into how should we be controlling the outbreak? we haven't been composed to to do that. >> thank you for all of your working in liberia. the point you are raising to me is the relationship between the u.s. and west africa in terms of the global supply chain of supplies. if you have every hospital in the united states prepared to take care of ebola patients you are right. the supply chain will try up where you actually need it.

that is one of the logistical issues i think this workshop needs to discuss. how can we make sure the pp e protection for a u.s. health care workers proportionate to the prevalence of incidents and requirements and we don't choke off the global supply chain to other countries that are really in great need as you point out. that logistical question is as important in research question as these other serological issues we are discussing. >> one more comment. i understand we are trying to focus on the u.s. credit is true there is no way to bring this to west africa. that is the only choice regardless if you're interested in american health or west african health so that point, thank you for making that. it is very difficult to just find public health sweet spots, without panic and without people going overboard so now you are a hearing on the radio that every

hospital in the united states has to have their an ebola treatment units and is not realistic but every hospital does need to be prepared. that is a big struggle we are having. how do we find that right place for preparation in the united states without overspreparation that is not only diverting our energies that diverting resources from where they are most needed in west africa. we also need to be careful we don't get the solutions to be so high tech that we price ourselves out of it, logistically difficult we can implement them where they are first needed and our major problem is not environmental contamination. we don't have people who come and are infected by a virus that seeped into the ground water and cold things, so we need to focus on that person to person

interaction where the money is and where we need to focus on. >> next question? >> there is a little bit of a split personality here. i am the director of the health and safety providing support for the unit at and more university and i am also the co-chair for the development of an international virus management standard which we are kicking off in the next couple weeks. for the last ten years. in addition, the global director of non profited does work in africa and set up the nigeria, worked with nigeria setting up their response. so one of the concerns as a virus management geek i would have to say seeing this panel up

here is phenomenal. see the efforts and enthusiasm looking at some of the science and technology going into it. in former life i did pharmaceutical research so i have seen a lot of science and technology which is alluded to by dr. howard, but one group is not at the table and that is the usda. if we look at our containment facilities for large and a research, you do see a lot of personal protective equipment around large animals in containment and that is a piece of the puzzle and part of the team that needs to be brought to the table as well. the africa at issue, not just africa but developing countries. we have spent a tremendous amount of resources, billions of dollars on security, the global health security from the

standpoint of containing from not by a terror standpoint but what we failed to is the security agenda, on international health and when we look at just these the issues we are dealing with, the dealing of looking at do we have the capacity to identify contained response to a potential outbreak? whether it was a terrorist attack or a national born out break, we need to start looking at that. i commend those who are in the front lines as a safety professionally is an honor to provide support to you. whether it is in the united states or not. one of the concerns i have as we are developing these technologies was voiced earlier, how we have been related to developing countries. the other area, i would say, is

from a virus management standpoint, we need to do a better job of risk assessment. guidelines that came out from the cdc, health care facilities. what i am finding is a lot of times there is no use for risk assessment. talk to the guys right across the street as they were developing them. we need to have these guidelines, we need to be able to teach our staff and faculty and students as they are growing, how you do a risk assessment and how you equate that to the 0 work place and all of a sudden, what you depended on dries up what are you going to do next and have those contingency plans in place? and there was also something that is interesting throughout our experiences with the non hierarchy of -- i don't remember

which of the panelists indicated that but that was a key component in the success of our unit. if a nurse says to the physicians stop, they have to stop and in the beginning, that was one of those things that wasn't necessarily fought of a very positively but the success of our story is anybody could stop the situation at any given time and the decisions, whether or not we scaled up or not was team effort. i commend this panel for what you are doing and crooking for rand paul so i ask how are you going to start rolling this out not only to health care facilities but our research because my concern is impacting the research facility in the united states and iraq. >> that was six questions but i

will summarize them to the panel one at a time. starting with that first point of whether there is something to be learned from the practices that were developed in the laboratories of the large animal laboratories. dr. peters, you have been involved with outbreaks involving large animals and some of you have worked with animals even though we don't have usda at the table. any comment on that particular issue? >> we know horses and goats are resistant to ebola because of antiserum. the expert here and setting up experts on the ground is tom. >> humans are very large primates. >> not the largest but certainly

large. any other comment on that? if not, also the issue about use of risk assessment as opposed to protocol and if anybody may see more adaptive ways of doing preparedness and developing responses in medical facilities as opposed to simply following guidelines, that was the question. >> michael hodgson and are discussing who was going to take the risk assessment question. it is of fundamental activity to assess the risk and often times a lot of clinical infectious disease colleagues are not quite as familiar but it is a fundamental principle and it does have an important role to play when we are talking about equipment needs because you may be creating an inefficient situation if you are not assessing the risk properly.

your comment about the health security i want to punctuate that, as i said in the beginning this workshop is about ebola but the larger issues we are talking about, i certainly hope they take this up, talking about international health security. there are lots of hemorrhagic viruses, dr. peters talked about one in bolivia. there are a lot of serious issues out there with international is asian of travel and business, facing another workshop but it will have a different name. it won't be ebola. will be another infectious disease. it is important to continue these discussions. >> a little more detail, risk communication, risk analysis, identifying the hazard and degree of the hazard using humans and a surrogate, at what temperature, one subjective feeling of phyllis do we think people start shedding the virus? is it 99.4, 101.4?

those are fundamental questions where we don't know the answer yet and we are giving guidance? hazard assessment, risk analysis, at which point do we know what kind of ppg use? we could study that in a formal way. people who act on that score involved in sinking through the questions and guidance they won't be comfortable with the answers involving health care workers in the process strikes me as important. >> thank you. the last one i am going to take off of that comment has to do with what one of the presenters called a non hierarchical team based approach and i know this has been a major concern at the institute of medicine for quite some time in the provision of higher quality health care delivery, the need to have changes, how members of health care teams interact around patient safety and fair own

personal safety and if there are further comments from the panel on that. >> the overlap of employee and patient safety has been in the air since the first joint conference of the veterans health administration park in 1998, where paula neill gave the keynote address and talked about that. as we get ebola where the source and recipients are the same, for many diseases it is not as much of an issue but clear leave this is the poster child for the overlap of patient and employee safety and seeing the pictures in liberia of those beds and kents was humbling as we think about the luxury of how we deal

with patient safety here. clearly 8 huge, huge issue. >> next question. >> michael strong, univ. of minnesota. 15 to 20 weeks ago none of us could believe we would be in a meeting like this talking about a situation like this. in some ways lack of creative imagination where we could have and should of but we will go back and wonder why we didn't think about this possibility. it raises an important question where we move forward. when we look at the history of ebola in the cumin species there have been 24 documented transmission situations, 28 community outbreaks, 2400 cases, the most number generations with the ball inside year was 5 to 7, 17 in the sudan. in many ways this virus has hardly hit the human species before now we have made general situations we are extrapolating

into this situation. some of the severance of fires has , africa changed. was about organization and cropping and lack of health infrastructure, a lot of things we're missing is asking ourselves the hard question again like we could have asked ourselves weeks ago. is there any difference in this potential virus, whether it is an example of a high-level -- with that begin to change with certain other infections we see the same transmission. we are making assumptions about previous outbreaks been the model for this outbreak in surely the general trends of the bid genealogical transmission is

that the question is could it have changed, not just that it is crowding lack of medical services but this is for example the higher virus that will result in different levels of transmission we have seen past outbreaks. recovering some of this this afternoon i would ask the panel of the implications for that? are we making a mistake by expecting this to be like the past outbreaks just with more people? >> anybody want to tackle that one? >> certainly valid questions. my gut feeling is that the seeds of this are more related to the social and cultural factors and logistics of west africa and people going back and forth but we definitely need to be open to scientific inquiry and we have some beginning date as it takes a long time to generate. longer than we like so we have

sequence data but that doesn't tell us what we need to know. we need to put that into nonhuman primates. we need to see if they have different manifestations, different by the loans. i can't quote researchers but listings are probably being done, and elsewhere, it takes time to get there. that takes time to generate all the data. getting samples at logistics' of import permits and getting somewhere where they put those different experiments, it is a slower process, it is a valid question we need to be attuned to. >> i wouldn't be surprised if we get an answer in the u.s.. we are so pressured for time, so many people, so many different ways you can get ebola.

you may find out whether they are offering what has evolved over a period of time. >> two at the mike and just enough time to take questions. the next question? >> i'm director of communicable disease control and prevention for the department of public health charity infectious disease national association of county city officials. to dr. bishop, realities in west africa, domestic research, and we put some priority to ways we can more systematically improve the recruitment has mobilization of health care workers, public, health and clinical to help in west africa. >> agreed and open to any ideas

you have to increase the numbers. >> last question. >> bob harrison, department of public health. after the h1n1 pandemic, we studied several states and we went into about 15 hospitals in california and nationwide we had about 60 in several other states and we asked how front line health care workers receive the use of p p e, we interviewed a series of staff in the hospitals and learned a great deal about the implementation of ppp on the ground and i would put a plug in at the topic for research in terms of ebola. not necessarily now. it would be a hard left in the

midst of figuring out how to purchase the appropriate p p e. the memories are still fresh because we get a lot of questions at the state level, and i would really like to know how people using it and with the experience of the front line health care workers so this model of more participatory research to help public health at the local, state and federal levels really understands what we can learn six months or a year from now. >> i take this one. over the last two or three weeks the who has had a guideline committee on pp ease that i chaired and the government came out the day before yesterday so you can find those. they are helpful, we did do some surveillance of health care workers, in west africa and what

they like and dislike in order to inform those guidelines. they suffer from what we desperately need and why we're here, we need some evidence they so we came down to one person saying you need this and i think you need that. is really necessary. >> it will take a last question. >> one small remark. i don't know if anybody knows, regulates experiments on this virus and these regulations actively respond fast to questions that are addressed here and i want to put it out there and i want to do something

new. >> i didn't hear something. and a compliment. and there are a lot of regulations that govern the ability to initiate research in this area and something to be aware of. >> congress returns to capitol hill this week, the house and senate back on wednesday at 2:00 eastern time. the house will debate ten bills including presidential record nick which includes former presidents to restrict access to records from their time in the white house. house republicans hold leadership elections, house democrats reportedly scheduled theirs for november 18th and orientations this week for new members. in the senate votes expected and judicial nominations and child care development block grants. off the senate floor leadership elections for both parties on thursday. watch the house live on c-span

and the senate live on c-span2. >> on washington journal we're joined by house speaker dennis pastorate, and we will discuss the 2014 election results. republicans will govern in the 114th congress. that is 80:terry eastern live on c-span. >> the c-span cities to work takes booktv and american history tv on the road travelling to u.s. cities to learn about their history at literary life. this weekend we part with charter communications for a visit to madison, wisconsin. >> it is large, it is a glorious service. recall comes to every citizen. it is an unending struggle to

make and keep government representative. >> the most important political figure in wisconsin history and one of the most important in the history of the 20th century of the united states. he was a reforming governor, he defined what progressivism is. you was one of the first to use the term progressive to solve identify and was the united states senator who was recognized by his peers in the 1950s as one of the five greatest senators in american history. was an opponent of world war i, stood his ground advocating for free speech. and the people. in zaire after the civil war america change radically of a nation of small farmers and small producers and small manufacturers and by va

1870-1880s-1890s we had concentrations of wealth, inequality and concern about the influence of money in government. we spent the later part of the 89s giving speeches all over wisconsin. if you want to add the speaker, for your club or group he would give a speech. he went to county fairs, he went to every kind of event you could imagine. and bill reputation for himself. by 1900, he was ready to run for governor, advocating on behalf of the people. he had two e issues. one, a direct primary. no more selecting candidates and conventions. stop the interests, specifically the railroads. >> watch our events from madison saturday on in booktv and sunday afternoon at 2:00 on american

history tv on c-span3. >> next panel of political reporters examine the 36 governors' races. the new makeup of state legislature and implications of some of the major bout and initiatives that were passed on tuesday. this event was hosted by governing magazine just over an hour. >> good morning. let's go ahead and take questions this morning. good morning and welcome everyone to governing magazine's briefing on the impacts of the 2014 state and local elections. i am sack pan, there has been plenty to discuss about the congressional midterms with republicans taking control of the senate and the largest majority in the house since world war ii but this morning we want to focus as we always do at

governing on what is going on at the state and local level. the governor's race is legislative elections, ballot initiatives and local elections and measures that will have an impact this year and years to come. to make sense of that we have a great panel of governing staffers and contributing writers, starting to the left with governing political staff writer alan greenblatt. and we have louis jacobson, deputy editor for the lead of facts and frequent political contributor to governing.com. later we will be joined by the senior editor for governing.com caroline cournoyer to discuss ballot initiatives and the state level and i want to start with the governor's races. you have been tracking these elections and predicting race rankings for more than a year as you have done in several previous election cycles. this republican wave we saw at

the congressional level extended to governors' races this year. how did tuesday's results compare with what you were expecting to see. >> there was always a chance that would be gop wave. it could be an anti-incumbent wave, democratic and gop governors loss, if i had to choose one it would be the anti-incumbent wave. there were 12 contests which were tossups prior to the election. if i had to be pressed down i would think i would have said a couple democrats, a couple gop governors would lose. was not at all like that. of those will contest ten went to the gop, one went to the democrats and one is still up in the air and will be an independent in alaska in first place right now.

it clearly was a gop wave. it was interesting because part of the have predicted before the election i0

of those 36-we would see some parties lose. we did see one gop governor loose in the state of pennsylvania and possibly a second. the striking thing about to me is how many of the gop incumbents who were very vulnerable, controversial, not all that popular in their states and who had really credible democratic opponents scoring pretty well in the polls, how many of them survived, scott walker in wisconsin, governor rick scott of florida, people like sam brownback in kansas and paul 1-page in maine, these are candidates, who are considered really very vulnerable to very

credible candidates undemocratic side and they survived almost exclusively. the only one who didn't was in pennsylvania. clearly was a specific partisan way of which is pretty unusual in my experience in the past five or six cycles. i think i will stop there. >> picking up on specific races you mentioned, what were the specific governor's races that stood out to use this year? >> it was unusual there were competitive government races to begin with with so many incumbents needed but i will wisely cracked my thoughts. as you said republicans have heads more seed since world war ii, that is significant and i don't know if you saw what was going on yesterday, democrats lost 7% of their house members but also lost 29% of the land mass they represented, big districts, a few look at the map it is all read, these littler

been. in perks are there and there is a joker on the internet yesterday, house gop now offers more coverage than verizon. it is true at the state level, a supermajority of legislative chambers and legislative seats in 1920 and with the governor, a huge wave looked like a lot would be vulnerable, and they were elected since 2010, they were in democratic voting stake for the presidency like maine and pennsylvania and florida and terry wakulla won last year in virginia. it looked like it might be an anti-incumbent year but it was an anti-washington year and anti obama year. we heard in the last couple days

democratic governors have offered that as their recrimination, anti obama, but started thinking about who won and who lost and wide. some of the democrats who were in trouble survive as well and i think some of the incumbents went on offense and all the ones you mentioned, rick scott had a joke the other day about a democrat or republican or independent water into a bar and the bartender says hi, charlie crist. never let up on that. just kept going after him and sam brownback kept hitting paul davis on obama, just never let up. scott walker was very aggressive. worked very hard. i was thinking wreck schneider survived but he looked like he was in trouble on labor day because he was snapping. he went into hibernation for the summer. wasn't advertising and then finally got back in the game. one of those where everybody

thought he would win pen he looked like he would lose and came back in the game but the republican governor in alaska looks like he will lose sean arnelle. a republican in alaska. he thought he would win. he didn't get a campaign going and on labor day, the deal changed because the independent and the democrat formed a unity ticket outside a three way race. it didn't happen at the same time, the national guard scandal, didn't have a cooking of defense and by that time the senate race, $50 million race, state with so few people so already saturated with ads. at that point to define his new opposition like we show in maine, he sort of had no program really, a problem of the independents taking the vote but he didn't have a strong message. kind of softens his image, he

knew he had a problem that he seemed so combative. tbn toning it down a bit. martha coakley, she was a successful attorney general but lost two high-profile races in massachusetts, lost a kid -- ted kennedy is senate seat, now she lost again. karen answer to so many questions like whether illegal immigrants should get driver's licenses or build a casino in springfield to get saying i am open to it. she didn't really say anything. charlie baker came across, talking about his brother being a gay man living a married life in massachusetts, he didn't seem fran noon. the democratic messages were just these republicans are so awful, they cut education their extreme on social issues and the big stunning race is maryland's and again anthony brown was not an incumbent, he was lieutenant

governor but he ran a kind of taking for granted incumbent campaign where he didn't have any positive message and didn't get his voters out and when you talk to the five biggest restrictions, baltimore city, baltimore county, montgomery, prince george county, those are all major population centers. he got 190,000 fewer votes from those five counties than o'malley got four years ago. some democrats were good on offense, he kept his opponents saying he was a rich guy with 116 foot yacht, doesn't care about you. winning in illinois, pat quinn tried this same against bruce browner. extended game, he was tenacious. in the end brown was marred by going after suburban counties and there were not enough folks in chicago. >> a big year for candidates who

were assertive and aggressive for not so great for those who appointed to play nice? >> he could deliver trouble a long way too and refused to go negative. >> you have been ranking not just governors' races for us but looking at lieutenant governors attorneys general, state superintendent, you look at local school board elections a long way. .. there were about a half a dozen

contested races. very interesting ones in some really, really red states, wyoming, idaho and so forth. frequently kind of tea party type gop candidates in these races against very broadly sort of establishment accepted democrats, and the tea party gop candidates actually took i think every single one of those races. same in terms of the lieutenant governors races. sector in state races, of those with heavily gop. not entirely in a few blue states for democrats got some but in general it was a very, very strong night for the gop. the only ones that are different, and will get to the ballot initiatives, democrats and liberals did quite well. the other one was will do more

violence was the state supreme court races. the democrats kind of held their own. the gop took a couple of seats in states but the it was sort of even in terms of the number of seats. i think about the gop did gain a seat or two in the states i was talking but it was pretty even. >> looking down the road, what does it mean when you have this full ticket switch on down edges had to the superintendent, secretaries of state, to the republican party? what does that mean looking years in the future? >> there's a short-term impact anon the long-term impact. short-term impact is at a time when the federal government is pretty gridlocked between the two parties and not a lot of things getting done in congress but you have the least act of

congress in decades, if not ever, right now. a lot of the decisions are being de facto left up to the state. if the democrats have fewer and fewer levers of power in the states they can't shape the agenda. this becomes a bit of a self reinforcing situation when you redistricting. him the best thing to ever happen to the gp to do so well in 2010 because they could draw the district lines in state legislatures and congress as they saw fit. that locks in at least 14 years very favorable lines for the gop. so you have a lot of states where the democrats don't have any leverage at all because they don't control the governorship or the statehouse or the states and. there are some states in which democrats to control everything and those are certainly fine for

democrats but in the short term in terms of the policy impact, if you are not, if you're not occupying you can have much of an impact. the longer-term impact, and i haven't of all the figures on this, i should do a story on this soon, looking at this day when office in general, everything from date pages, state auditor, these are where democrats have done historical well but you are increase we seem to be making gains on these offices anymore state offices you occupied for more of a farm kenya for future politicians in the state. if the democrats don't have state auditor slots, secretary of state slots, state a cheat slots, and they're not in charge of the statehouse or the second every high profile politicians didn't experience, giving him recognition around the state to run for future our office, excel

prophecy we don't have a lot of chances to win if he can put up a good candidate. you can go outside the system by using folks who own businesses and so forth but it's only help that some sort of policy experience and political experience in the background. >> alan, other thoughts, longer-term impact of democrats not having this binge of leadership? >> lou is right to look around for governor. sometimes members of congress but often state ag's. if you don't have that who runs? all the states with the don't have any buddy. i think we'll have a big short-term impact because unless -- the last couple years without this phenomenon washington has had gridlocked, now we are libidos here but states of the tremendous -- v. does. we have red state blue state

phenomena with very few divided states and so the public is a bad enforce restrictions and tax cuts and voter id laws and democrats have had minimum wage increases and a couple of gun-control measures. now it's almost all republicans. republican-controlled 23 states and highly governorship and both chambers plus nebraska and even in alaska. democrats are in the seven states. they control 27 states just after the 2008 election. now it is just seven. 16% of u.s. population and 12% of that is california. it's tiny states -- >> say that again. >> now fully under democratic control but three quarters of that is california. you have connecticut, delaware, rhode island, hawaii, oregon. am i forgetting one?

>> vermont. >> vermont, sorry. what's been happening is people who want to policy innovation, things are stuck in washington, they've gone to the states but that democrats are going to have a lot few places to go. i think we're going to have an age of austerity of states. i think of certain policy issues, it's all pretty predictable. you won't see obamacare expanded. there's this tremendous fiscal incentive to agree to the medicaid expansion for states that there's a lot of opposition to the law. democrats had hoped to pick up the state of maine and get medicaid there and that's not happen. you see a lot of fights over education policy, more vouchers, opposition to common core, immigration and tax cuts. i was thinking about how even among democrats it is an age of austerity. in washington with a republican congress they will try to end

this request cuts on the military and have more cuts on the domestic side which will affect states that gets. growth of the state level have been up 6% until 2008 and looks like half the states are still not where they were in 2008 and the revenue growth will not be that great. you will have republicans are interested in cutting taxes further but even on the democratic side, i was struck by this quote today in your times, jerry brown the story was we are a bright spot for democrats. this quote was living withi witt means is a heroic continuing battle. he is thoughtful legislators keep spending limited. pat quinn who lost in illinois, he kept pensions but the unions support him because they thought bruce would be worse but the democrats are having to be austere as well and republicans of course are more concerned on spending in general. that's going to be impact. less democratic venues and more republican governing.

>> i would add it will be interesting to watch for some of these gp governors, especially for new gp governors in fairly blue or purple states how much of a leash the gop leadership gives them. because i would think it would be under pressure from national party leaders to toe the line in terms of obamacare and other policies. is going to conflict between how much they can do that and stick to the party line also remain popular in their own states which tend to lean blue. >> that's something we talked about this week, lou you made the point that this was a slight rarity in that we saw states levitt elections being so in sync with national congressional elections. that just reinforces this. >> definitely. my senses torque is that voters have been able to compartmentalize state elections

and federal elections and not necessarily vote the same way. state issues tend to be different, about education funding and roadbuilding and thought about things congress is talking about. there's a long history in recent years, republican governors in democratic states and democratic governors in gop states, and they're been a pragmatic and managed to distinguish themselves from the national party because they are camping uncertainty should a special interests to their state and haven't necessarily been tied to the national party. there was a way to distinguish themselves. that is less true now. in 2014 the election ended up being a national wave, and i think it raised interesting questions about whether the states the will be able to stay

on their own, conceptually different from the policy issues on the federal level or whether it's going to be increasingly interest line and partisan and sort of polarized. >> differentiates a lot less. you see governors more quantitive. it was a tremendous victory for republicans. i don't think we should overstate its in the republican era which is still more likely than not to get democratic president in 2016. the electorate keeps going back and forth. we've had all these wavy elections in a row, 2006 in 2008 for the democrats and 2010, and tuesday for the republicans. the country me pretty evenly divided. i don't know if there will be perfect hegemony, but it is striking. i wanted to throw some of the numbers i jotted down that the

republicans gained seats in all but a dozen chambers that were up. they took chambers. we will have more divided government at the state level with governors like tom olson in pennsylvania, bruce brown in illinois, republican who have asked their -- fairly strong democratic legislation. the republicans want one with super majorities. they gained seats in states like ohio and wisconsin, the symbolism republicans have a 50 year high in seats in the general. the tennessee senate is not 20,000 5 for public and. it's striking. a lot of democrats ran on the republicans were too extreme on social issues but also all of them into governors races ran on to cut education, it hurt our schools. some of them were close but republicans won. they won't feel any fear of a

backlash from the type of austerity i was talking about earlier. >> something to think about, if we're coming into an era where we are on to track electoral section, in the midterms you have a much smaller electorate tends to be wider, more conservative. and the presidency is more diverse electorate tends to be more democratic leaning. most of the gubernatorial races are in the midterm years. does that mean that going for the democrats will have a harder time doing a successful job in the gubernatorial elections? there's only i think about 10 seats up for the governors in the presidential years. if this is a permanent, smaller, wider, more concerted electorate in the gubernatorial years, what does an it mean terms of democrc spilling those seats? >> i want to amplify that and

say it's striking, we expected an author to be a wider electorate. we've heard democrats having a strong coalition with african-americans and single women and young people. the electorate was not so much more white in 2010 that the white people the vote a much more public and. they were exit polls and toilet states on senate races. there were huge margin for the republicans and all but four of them. among whites. like kay hagan got 33% of the white vote. hard to win a statewide even in a state with a strong minority population. the democratic share of the white vote was down 10% from 2008. that is a problem for the party. all the talk about demographics is how the changing country favors the democratic party, but there still a lot of white

voters spirit back to your point about the specific candidates took their success for granted i think. you can't think anything for granted. we want to talk about state level ballot initiatives as well as some local elections and measured at the local level by want to make sure we have time for a couple of questions right now. if you have questions about what we've been talking about as far as the gubernatorial election for state legislature sessions. [inaudible] >> the question that geographic distribution of urban versus rural gop votes. how does that affect this year's race is? >> one thing to note is that one reason we are misled into

thinking it would not be a way the election is because pollsters that does good job in rural areas of the undercounted republican vote in places like kansas. in terms of the actual vote, talk about red states and blue states, we red states and blue counties. i live in missouri where st. louis and kansas city, these little blue coastlines source be a long state board and then 150 of red counties in between. i think it's all but two statewide officials in the democrats. that's where the people live in population centers. but you can't, republicans do -- drew the map but that's a lot of republican territory. republicans increase competitive supermajority of the increased it. this is partly why we have such different maps. in the presidential voting the

republicans can only count on texas among the largest states. states like california and illinois and new york voted republican for president at least some of the times, but what's happened is the urban centers including it in suburban counties, the fairfax county's of the world are voting so strongly democratic, but you have small areas, it's hard to draw a map to give you a lot of legislative seats. sometimes you can outvote the rest of the state in statewide races but you have to turn out to do that. i do think it's exactly what your question is but it's a huge challenge for the democrats that all their votes are in very limited places. >> i like that, red states and blue counties. another question at this point? [inaudible]

>> how d.c. politicians mention of? how will it interface with the new majority, the senate majority, certainly the house majority? where do you see the issues emerging, like transportation? we always hear from states that want more transportation funding, tax reform. how do you see that taking the? >> given the specific candidates, how will these state issues sync up with national priorities. >> you have now i think it's going to be 31 governors on the gop side. so they will have a line of communication to the folks in congress who are now going to be totally republican. on the other hand, kind of countervailing that is the idea that in general republicans don't like to spend money, to tax people to spend money.

this goes back to my point before of how much leeway the general republican party is going to give governors and state legislators who need to expend -- spend money on certain things in a state which runs contrary to the general gop philosophy that you don't want to spend too much. it's going to be an interesting area of tension. they have good ties but they may have different interest because of where they stand in terms of their own jobs. >> we will take your questions at the end of the panel but right now i'd like to bring up caroline cournoyer, and bring it into the conversation. caroline is the senior editor for governing.com and she coordinated all of her coverage issued a state ballot initiatives. caroline, on these state ballot measures, the story is a little bit different. we have this dichotomy the voters pulling the lever for

conservative candidates but more progressive issues, write a? >> yeah. like lou noted earlier it was really interesting because despite this republican wave, voters in red and blue states asked a number of liberal ballot measures to one of the more popular at the top of that list is marijuana legalization. both alaska and oregon went to colorado and legalize not just possession but also the sale of marijuana. washington, d.c., legalized possession and allowing home growth of marijuana of small amounts. what will be interesting to see is one that congress in the next couple of months besides to intervene. but whether or not congress does intervene in d.c., this is an issue that won't be going away

in the next few years, especially after all the successful measures on tuesday. activists will be pushing ballot measures for the next go round in at least five states, those are massachusetts, nevada, california, arizona and maine. >> specifically on marijuana? >> marijuana legalization. marijuana activist fisher will also be pushing for legalization in the legislatures. that's something that has never happened before. it's always passed by the voters and their talking states in the northeast -- targeting states in the northeast for this. that would be something interesting to watch. >> another of these categories, kind of more progressive issues with the more conservative states is on labor issues and income inequality. can you tell us about that? >> tuesday, it was a win for anyone it was a wind for lower

wage workers. four republican states, they are nebraska, alaska, arkansas south dakota all voted to raise the minimum wage. this suggests that despite it being such a polarizing issue in congress it might be a little more bipartisan among the voters and politicians like to thank. wouldn't be surprised if the next couple of years, more republican states passing, putting minimum wage on the ballot and passing it that way. there's also paid sick leave. massachusetts on tuesday became just the third state to pass a statewide paid sick leave law. connecticut was the first in california totaled them a couple of months ago. massachusetts and also california's law would be particularly interesting though

because connecticut's law had so many carveouts for nonprofits, temporary workers, manufacturers that only about 15% of the states workers ended up being covered by this law. california and massachusetts both are covering a wide -- away higher percentage of state workers. both of those states would be kind of a true test of the impact of paid sick leave on businesses and employers and whether or not it has negative impact on businesses in the budget. if we see last one that has a positive impact on employee retention. >> to underscore that, massachusetts is the first date that i has done this via ballot measure, write a? >> yes. connecticut passed it to the state legislature spent what are some of these other areas we've been seeing in terms of more progressive wins i guess for ballot measures?

>> there's also abortion which in a way is not surprising because there were two initiatives, one in the code and one in california. >> colorado. >> colorado. they were person of initiatives which basically would have criminalized abortion by defining a fetus as a person. gulf states voters rejected it. it's surprising because the republican wave but it is not really surprising because a personhood initiative has never passed on any ballot in any state. there's also can control. only one state this election cycle voted on gun control. that was washington state. they voted to pass universal background checks. this is something congress tried and failed to do in the wake of a new 10 shootings. only a handful of states sent down themselves but it's the

lesser extreme of gun control measures. washington state did have unfortunately for shooting a couple of weeks, a school shooting just before the elections. voters might have that on their minds when they went to the polls. also former mayor bloomberg's group every comfort and safety invested millions in washington initiative and they will be investing heavily in getting universal background checks on ballots in several states going forward. >> thank you, i know you've been paying attention to what other set of initiatives. >> it's a good night for the environment but for a couple of states which passed things like open space protection, funding mechanisms to keep open space open. the state of florida, it's got an existing program that

basically shorted out and it was i think two or three to one margin. a state with a close gubernatorial race. so 50/50 electorate but they went three to one in favor of of this ballot measure and actually went against what a couple of the key gop leaders were pushing for. new jersey also passed a separate ballot measure on that issue to protect open space. and then the state of alaska and lots of stuff happening in alaska. there was a ballot initiative by the opponents to a major mine, or a mine proposal in a very sort of plentiful fisheries area. that also passed. what it did was to put more severe roadblocks in the way of the mine. that passed in a conservative

state. the only one which didn't succeed was in north dakota weather was a ballot measure to spend some of the states oil and gas tax revenues for a few environmental purposes and that did go down. three out of those four past. >> we should mention there was at least one progressive measure on a ballot that failed, which was gmo labeling. carolyn, i know that something you look at. >> gmos have been heavily debated in the past few years. a lot of the research that says they pose health risks have been discredited the credits of gmos combat that the research has been tainted by big industry groups like monsanto. regardless of the health risk, gmo labeling has never passed in any state. but with the growth of the

movement, the organic movement in people wanting to know what's in their food, people thought the issue was going to be the year for gmo labeling. that unfortunate was not the case in both colorado and oregon. both measures failed. activists are undeterred. they will continue their fight in the legislatures and possibly on more ballots. it was an issue that came up in 30 state legislatures last year. it's going to be a big issue next year. right now only one state has an active gmo labeling law and that is about. it's an issue that is not going away. >> what were some of the other issue areas from tuesday, maybe not in the vein of progressive issues? kind of more on the budget and management side, what were you

tracking? >> someonso one that maybe got a little less national attention was proposition two in california. california's always been a trendsetter in policy, whether it's health care or environmental regulations. whatever california's doing everyone is watching it. california passed proposition to which the governor pushed, it essentially this means the state iis not required to put a set amount of money, revenue into the rainy day fund and they cannot touch it unless the governor declares a fiscal state of emergency. this is unlike the past because in the past the government could just waive the requirement to save a part of the revenue. not only is the state going to be required to save a part of their revenue every year, they will be required to put a part of that savings every year towards paying off their long-term debt.

this is a big deal for california, and other states are going to be watching to see if it's successful or how successful it is. already the day after the election, standard & poor's raised california's ready to schmidt credit rating slightly but is directly because i passed proposition two. with the great recession a lot of states dip into the rainy day funds and they are now looking to put some money back in there and thinking about the smartest way to do it and the smartest way to pay down their debts they have. california might be a way that they take. >> sort of insulate from the next great recession, or little recession hopefully. i know that transportation funding was a big issue in a lot of places on tuesday. what were some of those