or are they gifted by breeders? >> i think with the military would call an investment. they technically own the dogs, so they purchase them through military funds. one dog that i know of was donated to the kennels at the u.s. air force academy but they went so far out of regulations to get this thought he happened to be a very good detection dog in the kennel master really fought to get him. ..

>> >> fat even though one might argue play should but they have to be assigned a new handler and get in sync with each other. >> to go from handler to handle our -- $2 have to do the dogs adapt? to they respond that a consistent level? >> it depends but i have

heard stories about hard-headed dogs that like their previous unitarian did not want to listen to somebody new. and interviewed one hand or who's to over a dog after the handler was killed and he had known the former handler said he felt very honored to takeover this dog. it was a very stubborn dog. 614 inches their broad shoulder a and the dog was equal to him so it was not easy to get him to do things. it took a long time that there is that moment when suddenly things click in the u. our friends said it gets better from there.

>> one or two more questions >> in texas i heard if the mission was not due to reach by rehabilitate. or if they survive they can return to service? >> other thing to the hospital is the call at walter reed for dogs it is very high tech the have tanks for the dogs waco waterbed a and surveyed a sustained injuries over long periods of time to be rehabilitated it could even be toward diagnosing of ptsd

and some can be trading get the confidence back and some cannot. >> and black women airforce base is the veterinary of all the specialists specialists, behavior specialist, license canine rehabilitators, and as you said it is the walter reed for the dogs. so if we have a dog that is wounded or ill, that air and they have to take a live they will fly them back there and rehabilitate them and retire them. >> i am happy to tell people that when dogs are out of combat for their injured they get a medivac and they

are treated. >> would say from personal experience they get better care. [laughter] i have met several dogs and handed them off to humans surgeons and physicians and flight medics and i have trained them personally so the bond this incredible the teamwork is incredible. >> this exchange we have just heard, just full of wonderful and insightful their lives. this is the book worth reading because it is full of stories written with the enormous heart i am thinking of other works of literature is the novel narrated from the dog's point of view. like imagining of moral leap

with this condition of for. i will give becky that gm's of the valedictory comment. what you hope they will learn? >> i hope they understand how important this actually is. in this significant the contribution is tremendous but they contribute in a way but we don't have the technology of the rise. thank you very much. >> she will be signing copies. thank you. [applause]

[inaudible conversations]

>> guest: i grew up in detroit and a couple of years in boston. my mother was married at 13 per cauchy and my father moved to detroit he was of factory worker than realized he was the biggest and he

had the responsibility to raise a son our own. there was myself and my brother. we were night particularly good students. to put it mildly. i was a doubly -- say demi. >> you are the neurosurgeon al. [laughter] >> people used to tease me and call me names but any successor has had a half to contribute to god and my mother. she was always seeking wisdom and would say that the homes that she would clean people did not watch tv. no offense. [laughter] and they read a lot of books. she looked at where we live where they lived in say if i could just get my boys to

stop looking at tv all day she impose that. >> host: what did you like it? you and i loved anything. he did not needed tv guide if i was around. but basically she restricted to worth reprogram as per week and with all that spare time we had to read two books of the kids submit the reports she could not read that we did not know that. >> host: when did you find that out? >> guest: later in life. she got her ged the senior graduated and high-school. but by making as read, which i hated. i would admire this were kids -- the smart kids but then a teacher was asked a

question and i knew the answer and it got me excited. it got to the point where i went from being dummy to the top of the class in a year-and-a-half. >> might dad made me read "profiles in courage" and that is what sparked it. >> and then to read every another book in the library and pretty soon i could identify any rock. i did not realize it. >> host: now you make that connection. >> one day the teacher said does anybody know what this

is? i did not raise my hand and nobody did everybody could not believe this will be hilarious. klay knew that i could not possibly know the answer. i said it is obsidian they did know they should last for impressed in the teacher said that's right then i explained how was formed that i was more shocked than anybody. in the teacher invited me in fifth grade to come to the lab to start a rock collection in got me involved to take care of the animals i started to look through the microscope to discover the whole world. >> with that was more than

50 years ago. i did go back to that school several years ago they wanted to trace my roots. and balding and potbelly. [laughter] i wanted to show them in they said they had to get rid of them. >> not a strong relationship with my dad periodically the last time i saw him was the day i got married. >> his second family do you have a relationship with? >> no.

i look at the big picture. my mother tried to make up for all of that. life father was involved with alcohol a and women nothing wrong with women but not more than one. that is the problem. [laughter] so in retrospect now realize maybe that was not the best decision to make. >> the bid to bring back fiscal responsibility. a lot of people blame the unions the unions do what unions do.

but their rivers what the better deal. they have though one year, or a five-year or 15 year plan. they cannot concede to the union because they knew there have that golden parachute lot gone. >> the saving in the sea around the country. >> host: you have the spark of enthusiasm of a surprise it comes from conservatives? were you a conservative? i get the impression you're not always a conservative. >> no. when i went off to college i

went to yale. >> that is so radical. [laughter] if you told the radical at berkeley. [laughter] i am understand there was a of black panther rally but that's the way it was his there was very much accepted for those young people but i consider resolve more of a logical person of a conservative of the label -- liberal i am not fond of labels but most problems if we just throw away those labels i with the flair party designation you'd

actually know. >> but it is not surprising. there have that baggage so that it is interesting. >> when did you decide you'd be a doctor? >> i decided that at 80 years old i used to love the mission stories in church. they seemed like the most noble people great personal sacrifice great mental physical sacrifice the when i turned 13 at that point i wanted to see a psychiatrist. >> who is this that you refer to?

[laughter] >> fe are doing it. those two great we their problems. [laughter] and i majored in psychology in college. rehab the very discussions it was pretty exciting. but when i got to medical school so i think about my life in the idea and coordination three but the ability to think in three dimensions which is good for neurosurgeons because you deal with a nebulous mass. you have to keep in mind were the tracks are even though you cannot see them if you don't have good three-dimensional skills you

cannot. from some of the jobs i have done like working in the steel factory i was a crane operator. but you drive these enormous areas to a dropoff in the bed of the truck. ice said it is a little scary they see something in me. [laughter] but as i thought about it to think it was strange but to

meet i didn't not think about that. >> host: i year basically been in some ways the rotation people can identify with a plastic surgeon because you have to know their precise end artistic. is there truth about that? we back. >> that is why have an appointment. >> host: you're not practicing right now? >> i and this it but there are a lot of things in the process of changing. in those people when they choose medicine it is because we had a great deal

of autonomy in the week could figure out a hand in the early days like a kid from bolivia and we had their resources to just override it. nobody said anything because the hospitals are big enough. once the insurance companies got to the point they could dictate how much they would pay and hospitals no longer had a margin, you want to do what? is changing so much with so much bureaucracy. one of my goals is to make medicine fun again for a reward doctors to get up and be excited.

i think doctors should be well compensated. rich is a relative term. >> host: should they be paid more in our society? >> i would say that people should be paid for what they do. to recognize that doctors spent a very long time training. college, a medical school school, internships, residen cy. >> host: arguably it is 12 years proscribe to work -- post graduate work. >> is a long time in a lot of sacrifice an even then you working extraordinary hours.

and with neurosurgeons it is bad because you are supposed to be perfect and it is very high risk. that was one of the reasons i had a problem. >> with obamacare without to reform you cannot be serious. >> host: your christianity , a science and faith, you have a highly scientific mind but also a deeply religious. that does not always compute. >> first of all, i've not deeply religious but i have a strong relationship with god. there is a difference. the difference is religion

is more formal. and in the name of religion of lot of spiritual stuff in how it is set but i believe they can be compatible. i have had interesting discussions but if you are intelligent and in to say that something came from nothing? explain how that works.

>> we don't understand everything. okay. >> if you tell me this explodes been the earth rotating on the texas. that has happened. in the base day. >> so if i brought that to a junkyard eventually it would be the 747 to fly? >> that is what you are saying. would is a problem with that? i don't have a problem with that but it requires a lot more faith.

>> host: are you creationist for evolution? >> i believe god created the heaven and earth. you have to recognize that if you take somebody like charles darwin but he started to see stuff. have you seen them like that any place else? mcfadyen evidence of evolution. >> those that survived had enough sense to break through the ceilings. see you have a career that has given its creatures the ability to adapt to the

environment and i will give my creatures that ability. i don't know the answer. >> i heard people say weren't day would have been of billion but the senate -- the use a 6,000 years that it tells us how old theaters is. but also i have been police he killed and two staff we

cannot do. but he could do that. >> absolutely. so you have a sense in making education? civic have never wed -- had been in since aa ability to create good nurse in diesters dash day this session. and fleur surgeons to have big egos.

they will not become surgeons. so it does help to select people but i know a lot of people better incredibly carrying. >> i understand why they have a god complex they are the only one to solve a problem. matches our this comes from. >> it is unfortunate. >> host: it was easy it is johns hopkins is the least of the elite how did you keep your head? >> because i personally remembered and still remember where i came from. and i also recognize that a lot of things depend on a lot of other situations. there was importuned people involved in virtually everything i have done in i tell everybody else is there

are always other people. >> not that there is anything wrong with that but i would not have realized my potential with the complex operations. i had conjoined twins joined at the back of the head. but i had to consult with the cardio thoracic surgeon who were extremely good and to work with the plastic surgeons and how we get involved with those things.

>> what is your scientific background? >> so are they going up or down? as you may remember in the seven days the new ice age is coming. that is a the bottom line. we need to argue intelligently. >> we have to prepare for that. but you have to make public

policy decisions so that is the importance of figuring this out. is also important not to get overly involved with paranoia about it. but working in conjunction with our research facility. how can we best utilize our natural resources and at the same time respecting our environment? that is not with the intellect in the the resources.

that of problem was identified. in thin though in the hold. >> so you do believe we should pursue these? >> absolutely. in an ad as you saw the river i said in order for an eagle to fly it needs to wings a left-hander right. to go my way or the highway you will crash. >> going to chapter three your highly intellectual you go to the school and taught the best school and you are concerned about elitist?

>> there is up class of people who believe they are the beacon of life for everything and anybody who does not agree they don't want anybody to hear them they have the reputation they want to destroy the less you believe you are the cat's meow. >> host: when did you say i and into politics? to make that transition from scientist and highly acclaimed surgeon. >> data growth was a dramatic moment that over

the last 20 or 30 years i have been talking about these issues for decades looked at what i wrote 9099 you will see a whole program i am not johnny-come-latelies -- johnny come lately but what change my perception was the national prayer breakfast in 2013. because i spoke my mind and why i was concerned about it. i don't want to see a fundamentally change. >> to have an interesting challenge in chapter six and it is a concern how people consume only too much of one

side if their conservative zeal may follow conservatives and then say pretend you're a member of the of different political party so with a rational defense of the health care plan. >> guest: that is easy to do. everybody should have health insurance. we need to find a way to make that possible. since we know a lot and have a lot of bright people we could probably figure out more than the private sector or the people themselves. >> but what parts of his plan? any part that you would

keep? >> certainly lifetime limits >> q understand and to have pediatric neurosurgery that is prescriptible. excluding people was horrible. in fact, i talked to a high administration official and said there is good stuff in here. why not take those to make them the foundation for health care reform? it is the bipartisan effort why can we work on this together? and to have a disagreement

space have cooperation for anything. and they said that you are probably right but this is washington and politics. if we make in into politics a house divided against itself cannot stand. wide recall the book one nation? we the american people. >> what about insurance reform? but those reforms of the insurance industry it was the next up to release get universal access.

>> and we can because we spend twice as much per capita it is not that we haven't put adequate resources were to put more money into it but how do we designed it in a reasonable way? that is why we have a health savings accounts. they have control of what people spend their money on. >> host: and with health care savings accounts out is that funded? >> three variety of different ways. people who are indigent the same money that we spent for medicaid and you don't lose it if you don't use it and there are no limits.

so you say please contribute and there is a number of ways and it accumulates throw your lifetime. >> than the european countries basically your child care would you put some government money into a gsa at the beginning? >> may be automatically start out by thousand four need based? >> right to. but even if we take all the people in this country to put money into the a gsa we're still short of what we spend now. so people begin to be responsible if you need to have something done to sink to our want to go here?

a lot of people said you cannot do that. >> fin they had to put limits on i will buy some hamburger and a hamburger helper. and then how to stretch it out to make it work. but then to have control of the health savings account. and then into the free market economics. >> is outside the hospital is as much of a problem but they will charge a ridiculous with the other would go through the bill lyons filing and said it to the insurance company. with their rich charging crazy amounts of money.

>> is because the cost may only be a $2,000 but if they put that down the insurance company will pay 300 so if we put 20,000 the and they will pay us the 3,000. it is a game. so how do you bring reform to the hospital? >> that was tough working with the insurance companies >> remember if you are in charge it will just make this one and start acting like this one. >> the only way to reform the system is get out of the insurance business? >> you cannot have followed-- our officials distorted views.

what i say for all routine health care 80 percent of everything you have to do is paid through the a tsa. they have catastrophic issues that is what the insurance is for and always should have been. but then you get to the big issues in take that off the insurance. >> correct. remember if you spader inkle you thank you need in x-ray it comes out of your at a tsa. birth control pills? eight tsa.

>> now we have insurance lobbies in the insurance companies and all the people who have gotten rich off of health care it is considered a moneymaker so i do an act your plan? >> keep in mind when i talk about insurance and all basically works the same. so homeowners, if you have a high deductible it plummets if you want everything taking care of it is exactly the same. >> some of your language but

words do matter and they offend. >> maybe you're political positions. >> talk about political correctness i'm talking about not being able to express. >> but to compare does a disservice. >> can i talk about that. >> a lot of things don't bother people but to say you should be offended by that.

>> this is the same stuff that used to go on. >> come on have real major problems is because of this level of debt. going and a trillion dollars? if you try to pay back $18 trillion at $10 million a day it will take 5,000 years. it is absurd. the only way to sustain that is the u.s. dollar is the reserve currency of the world. that is of a designation that we have been since the 1870's.

>> but look at the banking system. but they already talk about it. so the u.s. dollar is the basis of the highs by to. that will depletes us. what happens when you cannot print money with that type of debt? >> let me ask you about political correctness. so when i grow up it is

different today that we are afraid to say we have to have a real conversation on race but we don't. but do you believe some are against the president? >> if you say some people? but a large number of people i do think so if somebody told you he is stealing all the time and if on the other hand, said he is a very nice guy. that is okay.

somebody is always looking for racism. >> i'm sure there has been. my mother taught me something very important if you walk into a bar full of racist bigoted people you don't have a problem they have a problem because they will cringe and wonder if you sit next to them but you can sit wherever you want to [laughter] >> hasn't benefited you? >> i don't think it has hurt me or benefit it. it is though wash.

in spending life as a neurosurgeon and i fully recognized early on in my career. >> host: you did feel a little bit? >> i did the by the time i got to talk to them, here is the problem and here is how we will handle it. >> but you enter the perfect place in science numbers don't lie. that will tour of everything else. that is the wonderful thing about medicine. this very controversial.

in the american medical association that by that time i could reveal the numbers that not a single person had died and then that ended the commager's to that does not work with politics. [laughter] people have their own set of facts it is a half truth on both sides they are grounded in truth just enough. but you advocate for the 10 percent flat tax. >> i did not say than% -- 10% but it needs to be proportional because that is easy to do the math. [laughter] but it needs to be whatever it needs to be to support the government. it has to be proportional because by having a very

skewed system with all of the deductibles there are a lot of people who make enormous amounts of money to pay very battle in texas -- very little in texas -- texas and 10 percent would be a lot. and on the other hand, for those to make small amounts to say you don't have to do anything we will take care of you, i believe if they stopped and thought about it even though they don't contribute a lot they carry their weight. >> host: i will propose a counter argument for those who don't pay federal income tax if they go to a casino or though lottery ticket the gaming preys upon the port.

they spend more money to fund our schools. whether it is your choice or somewhere a predictable the amount of money to bring in. for what we need to run the government. of the other thing you might notice i am not a proponent of a gigantic government. in 2010 that he took the income of everyone to raise

65,000 and above it is 1.5 trillion. 50 percent of everything. does that make sense? so obviously we need to reduce its. i propose a simple and fair way. thousands of government employees retire there for your. don't replace them. shift lever round over four years it gets to a manageable size. that does not fire anybody then we can concentrate. >> then something happens. maybe they are in the hospital and everybody is up in arms then we find out there was a high enough people. but in the grand scheme of

things we know the way government and politics work. been all my gosh lookit this problem? we have to fix that. >> but they don't understand the fundamental problems of the virginia. wonderful people. and wonderful patience. a huge amount of bureaucracy that is the problem. garett if it. honestly some things that the veterans hospitals do very well. but everybody else should be able. >> host: i will end a little more political which

is used a word that i don't hear very often that is the compromise word sometimes it is coming around. there is a difference between compromise and a common ground like 50 percent or 10%. >> you obviously advocate for compromise. >> when i talk about compromise not necessarily compromising and values but except for the fringes we have allowed ourselves to be revved up into this group of hyper partisans.

>> in many people they describe conservatives as awful names but the other side thinks they don't of america. >> leadership. it starts with leadership. but they can take a variety of individuals. and have a ready working together to accomplish that. and then someone says they are the ones. that is bad leadership. another aspect during that

current administration but with their previous there was not enough. there were focused on more to make sure america was not getting attacked again and. we had a pretty long drought which remembers who we are. >> job clarity. this is a guy 43 years old. with the civil-rights movement, a the economy was horrible.

and what did they do? in 10 years we will put a man on the moon and then to work together. and to put his brother bobby in charge. the lead guy had his year to the ground. he faced down the russians. and then to say just the opposite. an incredibly brave. ronald reagan. look at that leadership which resulted in bed dissio