into their engagement strategy as they progress. .. all of them have graduated from high school. 80% have gone on to college and none have been murdered. so one example of a program in

at least 13 or 14 cities over 15-year period that you can take a look at as one of the models that's doing an incredible job of connecting law enforcement young people in a role where they're still police officers but their role very much different than what it would normally be, helping create broader relationships. it is called the ok program. yes, sir? >> clear up something real quickly. not a word has been mentioned about the civil rights division of doj. i spent 39 years in the fbi. i ran the fbi's civil rights program. this criminal section of the civil rights division will look at every single case that comes up that meets certain basic requirements such as in ferguson or the rodney king case. people are rioting based on the presumption that justice has not

been served. it is not over yet. people have to understand that. and my question to the leaders of these communities, have there been coalitions of leaderships whether it is ferguson, cincinnati or wherever to dispel the misperceptions on the part of the people, you know, that has caused the riots? it has happened in ferguson but they have done a very poor job of maintaining the truth in letting people know what the heck is going on? >> all right. great last question that could start another two-hour conversation. i have never moderate ad panel with three more prolific people which is why you all can answer these in 90 seconds each. as your closing remarks. but, if you would keep your

closing remarks to two minutes and i will be timing you, and answer any one of the four questions, or anything that you think needs to be said that has not been said. normally i would make the reverend go last and you're not most long-winded on the panel so i will start with chief streicher. >> don't stop. we have started something here that is very dynamic conversation. who would have thought the foundation that built the martin luther king memorial and the national law enforcement memorial organization would come together on an issue that is as dicey and as challenging, as race in america especially where race affects communities across america. this is something long needed to be done. i speak from tremendous amount of experience having been one of

the the last major city to host race riots in america. if that is what your legacy should be but i can tell you that tell that is not a good legacy. what we talked about here, is there a coalition of people? we talked about it earlier. how good are your relationships between your police agency, your local agency and your communities themselves? are they superficial or are they true relationships to make up a phone and make a call, something occurred, here is what i can tell you at this point. i will meet with you in 30 minutes, an hour, whatever it is. i need your help getting information out into the community. nobody can do that sitting inside after pickle jar or isolating themselves until something bad happens. oh, by the way, now, i need your help. it doesn't work that way. these relationships have to be existing, they have to be powerful relationships and have to be trusting relationships. and they can not be there on a

temporary basis. they have to be there and the relationships have to be worked on constantly each and every day at the point where you become fat, happy and lazy time to give up your seat and put somebody in there truly is invested, truly is invested in that community and wants to see that community get better. >> thank you. almost two minutes exactly. mr. alexander. >> you know, when i think about this, this whole thing and i'm going to be really very short here but we're going to have, and i'm optimistic that we as a nation are going to find solutions to much of what we talked about tonight. i truly believe that. i truly believe with the help of our president and our attorney who made a commitment, and i was in the room actually with attorney general holder last night in atlanta. and he has a real commitment and has been tasked by the president

to do some things, to help change this whole narrative around police and community relationships in this country. here is a bigger threat from me in a more global perspective, that is, that all of us in this room, not just police, not just criminal justice, all of us whether we're on the private side of industry or whether we're in government or education, wherever we may be at the end of the day we're all american citizens and all at risk and a threat. from a global perspective we'll not be continued to be a strong nation as long as we stay divide ed because we have elements out there, i.e., isil, that is infiltrating this country and looking for our weaknesses. in those weaknesses they recruit and in their recruitment we all become at risk. so as a nation, from a global perspective, as a nation, we're going to have to fix our own social problems here. we know they're not going to be

fixed overnight. but what we do know, if we're working and fixing them together it will push back those who may threaten the integrity of this nation. and that for me is the bigger issue out of all of this because we have been wrestling with race from the beginning of this country. and we're still wrestling with it because up under all this we're talking about tonight is race. and we're not going to fix it in some short period of time. but if we begin to work as a country together, regardless what side of the aisle thaw sit on, regardless of what your race may happen to be, but we have to fix this together because if we don't, we're going to weaken ourselves as a nation. that is just something we're just not going to be able to do in order to be a strong united states of america. >> thank you so much. reverend? >> amen.

he said he wasn't going to be long. >> that was two minutes 30 second, brother. you always got to worry when somebody starts with, i'm going to be short. >> is a exactly. i was hoping he would be long because i was last i would take a text and i still take one in my closing remark. >> make it the last closing remark. i won't have klee closing like most pastors but i will people say, without a vision people perish, that is scripture, proverbs 29:18. unless we have visionary leadership, not only in the moment as you mentioned, chief, but in this movement that i believe is occurring without visionary leadership we will continue to see our villages in crises. i represent one of the anchor

institutions in every community. that's the local church and by the way, jeff called it watson memorial training center. it is watson memorial training ministries, a non-denominational church in the heart of new orleans. at the end of the day, the faith community, the business community, the governmental community, everyday people, there has to be a connectedness that cedric talked about, the coalition building that somebody else mentioned but in this movement there must be takeaways. we can't just dialogue and walk away and say, okay, we had a great evening, you know, in washington, d.c. i would hope even from this process that notes are taken and we can begin to talk about how we build upon the takeaways even from this very purposeful and intentional discussion. otherwise we're just going through the motions.

we're just going through the processes of coming together but although this is an aggregate of people, it can become more than an aggregate put it into the pit and put it into writing and declare in new orleans and in cincinnati and in atlanta, in st. louis, all across this country we would have more discussions like this purposeful but again we walk away with, so solutions. i keep going back to short-term, long term. this won't happen overnight. there are things that can be immediately done in every community with great leadership, visionary leadership, inquiring of the lord if i would put it in my vernacular, what we need to do. i believe if we would do that, it doesn't take everybody doing it but if we can entrust not only the elected leaders but as i said, earlier in the conversation there are people on

the ground, people every day, who have voices that are never heard. and so if we can begin to process ways by which we hear the voices of more of our young people who are just not protesting but equal number of them sitting at home with ideas, how do we coalesce all of that to begin to say in every community, you know, in everybody neighborhood we have come up with solutions action-or remember ended solutions where we have conceptualized actionable solutions for every neighborhood to begin to turn itself around on this one issue of building trust, building trust between police and everyday citizens. so in new orleans that trust is already there in some parts of our city. in other parts of our city it has never been there. that's why often times we'll call the "tale of two cities."

but i believe in a oneness a unity can come about, another statement i often make. we don't lack resources in america. >> amen, amen. >> we lack togetherness. my time is up. thank you for yours. [applause] >> a good preacher knows what two amens mean. i think that, i know there may be some final remarks but i am appreciative of being this moderator. there was no way to cover all the things that needed to be covered. but i think that the conversation was a good one. i know that one of the things that was mentioned was young people. the next time there is a is panel like this, i hope we have a young person on the panel. if there is answer to the things that ail us, it is coming from the mind and hearts of young people. so often they are the brunt of what is being dealt with.

but we seldom ask them to be involved in the solution process. one of my mentors is in the house, dr. ben. some know him as dr. ben shave just. i just know him as dr. ben who was part of the wilmington 10, who personified young people at the time, who understood, no matter what they had to move and act in the way they thought was necessary. i've seen he and others work with young people across this country, even when they're angry, give us insight on some of the direction we need to take. as we talk about community policing, as many of those young people are being policed, i hope we talk about solution, one of those solutions is ensuring we don't ever have a conversation of any kind without young people being at the table in the room, part of the solution. because if we do, we continue to talk about them as opposed to continue to talk with them.

so i hope that we take that as one of the solutions. thank you, gentlemen, so much for your insight. [applause] for your experience. and i'd like to say thank you to both of the organizations that have been involved to come together to make this panel a reality, the memorial foundation as well as the law enforcement museum, law enforcement museum, it is foundation? all right. i wanted to put foundation because i was going to say y'all need to give them money. i thought you would agree with that. but, these organizations do need to be supported and i appreciate the fact that they have come together because they're so many people want to have this discussion but don't want to bring people together that aren't normally involved in the discussion. so we should continue to support that and hopefully we can make this digital go on the road and be involved in part of the

discussion that asks for solutions all over the place. so thank you so much for allowing me to be your moderator and have a fantastic evening. [applause] >> let me just close by saying how proud i am that we were able to partner tonight with the national law enforcement officers memorial fund, which the national law enforcement museum is a part of and with the memorial foundation, the group that built the martin luther king, jr., memorial and what a wonderful memorial and wonderful tribute to a great man that is. what i love about this evening we're in unique position at the memorial fund to bring together some of law enforcement's top leaders in the nation. when we ask people like chief streicher and dr. alexander to come and have a issue that is very relevant today, they dropped what they were doing and were here. harry, you were so kind to give

us jeff and give us reverend watson, you have so many great leaders in your organization. if we can simply partner up with the great people in law enforcement that i have had the privilege in meeting over the last 30 years, these are men and women that want to help people, that want to bring their community together and given the chance they will do that but we've got to have conversations like this. i love the ideas that were spoken here tonight. i think philosophies we're all seemingly on the same page as the reverend so eloquently said we have to continue the discussion. it has to be more than conversation. it has to be setting goals and working towards those goals and making sure we have right leaders to do so. between our two organizations we can make that happen. thank you all for being here. jeff, fabulous job. thank you all to our panelists. have a great evening, ladies and gentlemen. [applause]

>> a look at some of the hearings we'll cover tomorrow on c-span networks. house hearing with testimony from jonathan gruber who was an advise are to the white house and state of massachusetts on health care insurance programs. he is expected to talk about his public criticism of the obama administration's rollout of the affordable care act. also appearing before the oversight committee, the

administrator of the centers for medicare & medicaid services marilyn tavenner. that is tomorrow morning at 9:30 on c-span3. tomorrow at 2:00, secretary of state john kerry scheduled to testify before the senate foreign relations committee about isis and authorization for the use of military force. we'll have that 2:00 eastern on our companion network, c-span3. >> tonight on "the communicators,," what she calls the world's first digital weapon, stuxnet, a computer virus used to sabotage iran's nuclear program. >> stuxnet was original. this was a virus designed to physically destroy something. so in the past we've seen malware that steals passwords and credit card numbers, things like that but we've never seen something that is designed to physically destroy, leap out of the digitnal world in the physical realm and have kinetic

activity. that is first thing that makes stuxnet unique. other than that it was very sophisticated. as i mentioned it was designed to increase and slow the speed of centrifuges. while it was doing, it also did this remarkable trick which was take mat operators of the plant think that the operations perfectly normal. so what it did recorded normal activity on computers first and played back the normal activity to the monitoring machines when stuxnet was actually doing the sabotage. >> tonight 8:00 eastern on "the communicators" on c-span2. >> here are a few of comments we recently received from our viewers. >> i'm in my 80s. big fan of c-span and i want to compliment them on being able to bring together two different ideologies like they did this morning from the cato institute and the immigration policy

center. i think you need more programing that way among people that can conduct themselves with a very civil tone. and, i applaud you for that. ideology can be overcome to reach a common ground and i think there should be more programming to that effect. thank you very much for c-span. >> i listen to c pan pretty much on a daily regular basis. i find it to be very informative. it is very good look at all of our politicians so our citizens understand to we elect and what is being done in congress. seems to be congress is undecided or always fighting. it is important that the citizens have a nice outlet for them to see, things that go on. i appreciate c-span.

regardless whether or not it is popular with mainstream culture, i just want them to know that there are young people particularly me. i'm 18 and i watch c-span on a regular basis to make sure i understand what is happening in my country because i truly do care. thank you. >> american history tour starting with the battle of little bighorn. i just watched it in its entirety. it's priceless. so many peoples of the world do not understand the their ownselves but if they watch american history they can see themselves in america and why we're such a great and wonderful nation of all the peoples of the world. thank you. >> and continue to let us know what you think about the programs you're watching. call us at 202-626-3400. email us at comments @c-span.org. or you can send us a tweet

@c-span hashtag comments. like us on facebook. follow us on twitter. >> come up live on c-span2 we'll take you to downtown washington, d.c. for the president of the world bank. jim yong kim will outline the bank's priorities for global climate change. it was expected to start earlier. it will be beginning at 12:45 eastern time. we'll have that for you coming up on c-span2. a look at one ever last week's farewell speeches by retiring members of congress, senator jay rockefeller of west virginia. >> from west guinea. >> madam president i ask unanimous consent to give my remarks while seated at my desk? >> without objection. >> i ask unanimous consent as of morning business. >> without objection. >> for hours and hours. [laughter]. >> without objection.

>> i come to you today with a spirit c of reflection and optimism about our future. i'm also compelled to towards an honest assessment where we are as a body, of the promise of what we can achieve when we don't shy away from compromisean and what we can't achieve when we refuse to compromise. i also have very much on my mind the job is of public service is extremely nobleex and honorable calling. here in the united states senate we have a unique ability and responsibility to do very big things. ignite innovation in our schools and industry, grow and protect the healthy country, fossor global change boone from policies that lead the world. at the same time we have the

opportunity to touch individual lives, so case management. one-on-one with case work that often reaches people in their darkest hour. i love the senate. i love the senate. i love the intensity of the work, the gravity of the issues, i love fighting for west virginia here. i learned to love of this fight as many of you know as a 27-year-old vista worker in the tiny coal community of ammons, west virginia. it was a place that set my moral compass and gave me direction. for everything in my real life actually began. where i learned how little i knew about the problems that people faced there and in other places in the country. how little i knew and what a humbling experience that was for me. my time there was transformative. it explains every

policy i pursued and every vote i have c cast. it was where my believes were bolted down and my passions melt my principles. ammons was where i came to understand that out of our everyday struggles we can enlarge ourselves.ro we can grow greater, truly making a difference can never be an afterthought, it never could. rather it requires singular focus and relentless effort. it would be hard but the work would matter. that's the deal here. important undertakings can't be halfhearted. you have to commit your whole self, almost like pushing a heavy rock uphill.

with both of your hand you push because if you let up for a split second with either hand, you and your rock go tumbling back into the abyss. there is always so much at stake. even today in west virginia too many are struggling. they're fighting to survive. i call them hard-working when i should say they are hard surviving. but they are hard-working and trying to survive. they're wary of the future. they're scared of their possibilities. sometimesss they're afraid of themselves and of their inadequacies which have been bread in, partly through a scotch irish tradition, partly which says that change is bad, that strangers are bad. i was bad for quite a long time. but that's the way people are. they don't really want to change so change comes slowly.

so we just simply fight twice as hard and nothing stops us. there is vast dignity, madam chairman and vast honor in helping people. you can not let go of it. i believe genuinely of government to do good and to serve and to right injustices. this is why the senate must be a place in which we embrace a commitment to be deliberative, passionate, unrelenting but it must be a place which we are driven only by the duty and trust bestowed upon us by theon people who brought us here. this is where everything else should be put aside, boxed out as it were. yes politics led us here.

buts this is where we shed the campaigning or should and embrace our opportunity to lead, to listen, to dig in, to bridge differences,nc to govern, and td truly make a difference. at our core we must be drawn toc the hard, all-consuming policyon work that lives in briefings, hearing rooms and roundtables back in our states. yet our north star must always be the real needs of the people we serve. and so policy to me starts with listening. it is seeing the faces of our constituents, not just thinking of a policy in terms of at policy, but policy in terms of faces, you see your constituents, you hear them out, you understand their needs and

their problems. you get to know them very well. especially in a small state like west virginia. listening to the constituents and colleagues here alike is absolutely necessary. good policy is borne out of compromise. compromise is not easy but it can happen and when we truly listen to each other it very well could. we separate our campaignselves from our public serviceselves. the cruelty of our campaigns destroyses our ability to fulfill our oath of office, madam chair. it is hard to build a working relationship in this institution without an honest and and open approach with our colleagues, d republican or democratic but wet must build that relationship because together we can do so much and without that we can do,

as we have seen, nothing. listening and compromise were key to the work for the national commission on children in the 1990s. i was the chair of that commission which included the bipartisan group of government officials and then elected, or o appointed experts in various fields from all backgrounds. there were many of us, 32. and we went all over the country for two years. i can tell you that reaching consensus was tough but we listened, we debated and we came to trust. even the most liberal and conservatives among us and knewt each of us had the businesses ot children at our heart. that was not in dispute. our meeting in williamsburg, virginia, where we had the meeting at the time, i had to leave suddenly for an important senate vote on iraq. i handed over the gavel to our c

most conservative republican member, someone in whom i had trust. that shocked people. but it helped on the consensus. in the end we were proud, madam president, to vote 32-0 in support of the legislation that we put forward, and our policy statement as a whole. it included bold policies. it included the creation of a new refundable child tax credit for the first time, and a major expansion of the earned income tax credit, which has lifted millions of american familiesam out of poverty. it worked because we listened to one another.

respected one another, and we wanted to come to an agreement. it was clear, it was obvious. and there it was, 32-0. unbelievable. but it happened. is that possible these days? , my answer is yes. and i believe that we can see a address thead future of then' bipartisan children's healthway insurance program, chip, that is the way it is currently known. it provides health care to 8.3 million children and pregnant women nationwide and 40,000 of those are in west virginia. chip is so important to me, because it offers health care which is tailored to children to where it has both mental and dental health care tailored to children. it is in fact better coverage

than the affordable care act provide to children. from those early days as a vista i have seen the devastating toll that a lack of medical care can extract from a child's well-being and their health, their self-esteem, particularly their self-esteem and even their will to succeed. many of you also know the names and faces of children who have gone without access to proper health care around those are who we fight for. that is why chip has always been a bipartisan effort, driven by the needs of real kid and their families. senators grassley and hatch were instrumental in its creation over a period of a couple of years. arguments and they continue to be strong advocates. the bipartisan chip program has opened doors for millions who desperately needed to get into a doctor's office and never been

able to do so and are now able to do so. but a warning. every door that chip opened will be closed if we, unless we can agree to carry chip funding past mid 2015. and i don't know what the prospects for that are. all i know is that if they aren't done properly, those doors close. those kids had access to doctors but they don't anymore. and that is unconscionable to me. you have to look at the faces of those children in your own states and think about that. it is those individual faces that i remember. remembering for whom we work is paramount. when any corporate ceo comes to

my office i show them a prized birthday gift from my four children, our four children. my wife is here. a picture of a hard-working coal miner whose face is honest, but hurting and very proud. that picture means so much to me because it embodies the spirit of those i am here to serve. and silently remind us why we must work towards a common ground. why this is not about democrats and republicans but it is about the people that we're here to serve, bringing different viewpoints to what that means. senator mike enzi and i are notv on the same side of every vote to put it mildly but we're veryv very good friends. a friendship that was made years ago when i was serving on the

president's coal commission and he was the mayor of gillette, wyoming, going slightly crazy trying to build houses fast enough for all the people moving in there to coal. he also had sideburns. i say that off record. on a gray day in january in 2006, west virginia was frozen in disbelief when we learned killed in sago mine. it was a mine in the north central part of the state. in the days that followed as we struggled to make sense of what had happened senators enzi and senator isakson joined senator kennedy senator manchin and myself in west virginia. they, the first two, did not they came to understand. they came to learn.

they came to share in the griefp and offer their support to the community. and you could tell that in their faces. together out of tragedy and because they were members of the health and education committee, labor, we forged a compromise on mine safety legislation that brought about frankly the strongest safety improvements in a generation. huge for us. only 16 states mine coal. but we're one of them. to this day senator isakson carry as picture of one of the sago miners. it is not in the wallet that he is carrying today but in the other wallet that is back in atlanta. i don't care where it is. that picture is in his wallet every single day. we knew that as public officials compromising and really leading

meant governing which is why we were there. answering the needs of our country is our responsibility and we do that best when we work shoulder to shoulder. it was working shoulder to shoulder when we set our country on a path to future innovation. a few years ago, america's domination in our innovation, in our inventions and creative problem solving was eroding and we all knew it. we needed to act. we needed to reinvigorate our leadership in those areas and keep our jobs and future more secure. we answered that call with the bipartisan compromise that delivered the america competes reauthorization act. i will never forget that. this legislation made historic investments in science, basic research and science, technology, engineering, math education.

senator kay -- >> welcome, everyone. good afternoon. we're delighted to be here today at council on foreign relations where we have the opportunity to discuss with president kim of the world bank the next steps for international climate action dr. jim kim became the 12th president of world bank in 2012 after a career in development and medicine. he served as president of dartmouth college as well as a number of medical departments and he co-founded partners in health which now operates on four continents. dr. kim's work of course has earned him wide recognition. he was awarded a mcart sure genius fellowship in 2003. u.s. news and world declared him to be one of america's 25 best leaders n 2005, "time" magazine named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2005. we're pleased to have him here today, to discuss a huge challenge, climate change.

so with that, dr. kim. [applause] >> thank you. thank you so much. and i very much apologize for the delay. we had his royal highness, prince, the prince of cambridge here and was just across the street talking about corruption. and we had security issue. i apologize. but i'm very glad to be here. first i would like to thank the council on foreign relations for graciously hosting this event and thank you, mark, for your very kind introduction. the nature conservancy has played such an important role in climate change and also environmental preservation issues worldwide. your very innovative leadership has taken it to even greater heights. and given the time you spent in the financial world, you will know very well one of the themes of my talk today which is that economic policy is the key to mobilizing a coordinated global

response to climate change. i won't be able to travel to peru to attend the 20th conference of the parties to unfccc. i will watch closely as delegates set stage for agreement to be reached in one year's time in paris that should transform the way we live for generations. at this key moment i'm pleased to return to the council on foreign relations to share our vision of what a paris agreement might look like. the world bank group works on climate change because it is a fundamental threat to development in our lifetime. we know that if we don't confront climate change, there will be no hope of ending poverty or boosting shared prosperity. furthermore the longer we delay tackling climate change the high cost will be to do right thing for our planet and our children. our series of turn down the heat reports and work on green growth

and link between development and climate make clear the progress of recent decades towards ending poverty is at risk. last month these points were emphatically punctuated into the intergovernmental panel on climate change's fifth assessment report. this unprecedented scientific consensus concludes that if we're to stablize warming at two degrees celsius as the international community agreed in 2009, we must achieve zero net emissions of greenhouse gases before 2100. in a year's time, the international community will have the opportunity to send a clear signal that we, as a global community, are determined to manage our economies to achieve zero net emissions before the year 2100. every country finds itself at a different point in the development journey. therefore the pace and rythym of their emissions reductions and investments in adaptation will vary. nonetheless we have the

opportunity in paris to make clear our collective ambition. that ambition can be translated into long-term demand for clean growth and an increased commitment to adaptations. the higher the ambition the greater the demand will be for programs and projects that will transform economies. higher ambition will also send a strong message to investors, public and private, domestic and foreign, about the demand and profitability of long-investments in clean energy and transport systems, sustainable agricultural forestry and resource efficient products. paris must be where we make a rallying cry for effective management of local, national and global economies to fight climate change. many observers expect an agreement in paris to be comprised of a number of essential components. each of those components must reflect an ambition equal to the challenge before us in order to

send a even more powerful signal to economic actors around the globe. to achieve that, agreements at the 21st conference of the parties must include, number one, binding language that should reinforce our collective ambition and provide a clear path whey to zero net emissions before 2100. two, individual country contributions with policy packages that should comprehensively address how do use all available fiscal and macroeconomic policy levers to get prices right, increase efficiency and incentivize decarbonization as well as address resilience. three, a financial package that recognizes that public development fund and climate finance should be used to catalyze innovative financing for adaptation and mitigation. financial flows can not reach the levels we need in the necessary time frame without some form of networked carbon market, some sort of network

carbon market based on the market mechanisms, taxes and enabling environments we are beginning to see introduced all around the world. and finally working coalitions of right enterprises, countries, cities, civil society organizations moving forward where their interests are aligned must be enhanced. unlike treaties of the pass the paris agreement needs to speak as loudly of economic transformation as it does of pollution or carbon emissions targets. so let me say a few words what we consider effective management of the economy with respect to climate change and what we hope to see in indcs, i will use that, intended nationally determined contributions that will set out each country's commitment for paris and beyond. we understand that many of our clients face huge development challenges and that many countries will reach their own peak emissions at different moments. managing their economies to

insure that they can, for example, decarbonize their energy sectors overtime while at the same time having energy they need for development constitutes a challenge no developed country has had to face as it was industrializing. nevertheless every country, no matter its stage of development can strife to effectively manage its economy and decarbonize and boosting prosperity. this makes sure long policies that make clear goals. appropriate energy prices linked to efficiency standards and removing subsidies that are harmful including fossil fuel subsidies. all countries should commit to put a price on carbon. it is necessary, if not sufficient step in any journey to zero net emissions. effective prices on carbon can be discovered by taxes, market mechanisms or regulation. whichever option a country, region or city choose as carbon

price makes pollution we don't want more expensive and incentivizes efficiency and clean production. carbon pricing can raise revenues and added resources can be used to generate more economic and social benefits. we can do this by, for example, moving from taxing the goods to taxing the bads. by using carbon tax revenue to reduce labor an investment taxes and encourage job creation and economic development or by supporting innovation in the development of green technologies, through research and development subsidies. example of british columbia is one of the most powerful. its carbon price mechanism is neutral to the taxpayer. its is the not increase in tax the government promise households they would not impact their overall household tax rate. as carbon taxes were introduced, taxes an labor were reduced. introduced in the height of the financial crisis in 2008, the carbon tax has risen from 10 canadian dollars to 30 canadian

dollars per ton today. the tax reduced emissions and provided net benefit to taxpayers of 300 million canadian dollars in personal and business tax cuts. it is worth noting that british columbia gdp outperformed the rest of canada's after introduction of the tax. but carbon pricing alone is not enough. other instruments need to be mobilized in parallel to redirect investments towards clean technologies and sectors. stepping up drivers of energy efficiency is obvious win-win that can deliver savings to consumers and benefits from better air quality and lower emissions. strengthen performance standards can help achieve efficiency gains in appliances, bidding, transport and industry. such measures have the tendency to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions by 1.25 gigatons by 2020. in addition specific efforts are needed to scale up renewable

energy and carbon sequestration technology at a pace that will allow us to reach carbon neutrality by indof the century. investment in infrastructure will be required. investments in many countries can with upgrades achieve much higher rates of efficiency. a huge opportunity for example in india and a renewables can be allowed to be grid connected. just this year once the appropriate regulatory form and grid development had taken place the private sector arm of the world bank group, the international finance corporation, financed the first grid-connected solar power plant in the philippines. public transit investments are also urgently needed in rapidly growing cities of developing world in avoid to locking them to into inefficient and polluting patterns. removing harm fossil fuel subsidies are long overdue. there are $500 billion in direct harmful fossil fuel subsidies that primarily benefit the

perrer off doing nothing to help poor and environment. these funds can be better used to invest in health, education or subsidize technologies that can reduce emissions. removing subsidies has sat in the politically difficult basket by leaders desks for two long. countries such as brazil, dominican republic, indonesia and mexico are showing that phasing out fossil fuel subsidies can be successful and benefit the poor when combined with improved safety net and targeted cash transfers. a policy package that includes these components will include credibility to the transition. will provide confidence and predictability that all investors and consumers need to change their choices and behaviors. including these in indcs, the country commitments, would demonstrate the commitment of every country to play its part to move toward a global carbon-free economist. it would also lay the pathway for essential work before the

indcs come into effect in 2020. effective management of the economy also means finding ways to invest more in resilience. the contributions of countries then must also address adaptation. governments must implement the policies needed to strengthen resilience and insure that development takes into account climate risks. a central government's support and encouragement for cities to transform themselves into being cleaner and more liveable can bring huge rewards. rapidly growing cities can implement your plan planning that drives new development towards safe locations and in their transport planning improve resilience and achieve competitiveness at the same time. finally we would hope that the indcs would lay out clear policy frameworks for our forestry and agriculture to achieve the needs of nutrition and food security, support of rural livelihoods and reduce emissions from land use.

if countries can offer such comprehensive contributions the signal to check actors bill be strong. but for these efforts to coalesce and bring us to sear re net emissions we will have to find sufficient financing. it is a critical component of a paris agreement. this compelling evidence suggesting that if countries use their regulatory capacity to get prices right incentize klein investment and use the full range of policy instruments available to them, they will experience greater investment flows. morocco for example, ad. todayed an aggressive targets for renewable energy and improvements in energy efficiency, lowered fossil fuel subsidies and created an attractive legal framework. as a result the country is becoming known as a solar power innovation hub. it saw renewable energy investments grow from $297 million in 2012, to $1.8 billion in 2013. other emerging markets such as

chile and south africa are following policy-driven strategies with similar results. strong demand for investors for appropriately structured green, climate-friendly invests is reflected at the speed which investors responded to the growing green bond market. about 35 approximately dollars in green bonds has been issued so far this year and robust liquid green credit market is taking shape. but green bonds will not be the answer tore the most vulnerable, especially those in the least fragile and conflict affected states. for these countries public development fund and finance will always play a critical role. in the future these funds will have to be ever more catalytic to serve many needs that exist. development finance has to mainstream adaptation to aseffectiveness. what we know there is no development outside the context of climate change. investing in terracing on the hill slopes of st. lucia will insure success of investments in

agricultural productivity as farmers are equipped to adapt to more intense rainfall. insuring schools built to code in nepal means investments in educational attainment will be protected as school infrastructure is made more resilient to storms. investing in mango restoration in coast of vietnam may may boost earnings from richer fishing grounds. each much these projects is a development project. each would also count as a climate investment. this is where long-term development finance and climate finance come together. the will bank group has taken major steps there year climate screening in ida countries. ida is our fund for the poorest countries. we also developed multisector plans in begin with in 25 ida countries. if they are found to be helpful

we'll expand the initiative. hope to use such planning done under ida to effectively develop their pipelines for the green climate fund. we know climate finance will float through many channels. more than six years ago which created climate investment funds orive, for --sif. from grid connect wind power in mexico to the first at scale concentrated solar power plants in morocco to plants in bolivia and matety to indigenous solar on thes in thailand, the problems of sif show how pilot programs can be used by countries and the private sector. sif plan is leverage $3.8 billion in assets to generate another $57 billion in funding for country-led investments that reduce net emissions and promote resilient development. just last week the contributors and other board members decided to extend the sif operations by

another two years and provide further funding to insure we continue to keep meeting country needs as other funds are established we welcome the green climate fund and initial pledging of $9.9 billion it has received to date. its impact will be greatest if like the climate investment funds if using its capital to catalyze new investment in emission reduction and resilience. we look foreward to leveraging gcf funds with our own to maximize impact. a strong paris agreement will send immediate signals even though it is binding component will only come into force in 2020. this means that the other components must address the critical, pressing needs to increase substantially our investments in resilience now. the economics of resilience are compelling. for every dollar invested in resilience we can save $4 in the cost of relief. for every dollar invested in early warning we can save up to $30 in reconstruction.

the costs of an inaction are rising. economic losses from natural hazards have risen from $50 billion each year in the 1980s, to just under $200 billion a year in the last decade. along with economic losses insured losses from weather events have also increased significantly. swiss re estimates that over the past 10 years insured losses from weather-related events are growing as a proportion of global gdp the gap though between overall losses and insured losses has been widening. again, according to swiss re fully 75% of caterpillar related losses worldwide are still uninsured -- catastrophe related losses. at world bank we'll look for ways to raise one time injection of funds and strengthen insurance coverage to build resilience immediately and not wait until the next decade. just as we can't wait to step up action to build resilience we should also not wait to act on

other fronts n recent years we witnessed a new phenomenon, what some have been calling working coalitions. frustrated by the pace of negotiations and the difficulty of finding consensus among all 193 members of the u.n., coalitions of stakeholders have pressed forward. on issue after issue governments, companies, the scientific community and civil society organizations have found that their interest in working together override the difficulties in forging binding agreements. in fact these coalitions have paved the way for wider agreement and have picked up the pace of data, of data evidence building and action. this is what led forest nations and other stakeholders to move around red, effort to remove emissions from deforestation. the willingness to work in partnership driven effort to lift short term climate pollutants from the atmosphere. sustainability for all and development of smart agriculture

in africa creates jobs in rural communities and feeds the world's growing population. the paris agreement i hope will recognize the importance much these coalitions in driving actions forward. for us at the world bank group partnerships in these coalitions has been fundamental in our exploration of new ways to support clients. since i joined the world bank group 2 1/2 years ago in addition to evaluating all projects and every country plant finance through ida for climate and disaster risk we've begun to measure green house gas emissions of projects in key sectors and set internal price on carbon as a guide for project designers. we're discussing a discount rate we use that will determine how we measure economic benefits over the long term and we've begun work on a resilience indicator. tally use of climate finance together with other multilateral development banks and which have as a group of banks develop ad common way to measure mitigation achieved in our financing. we're about to agree on a common

measurement for adaptation in our projects. we hope in the near future all the multilateral development banks and bilateral institutions gathered in the international development finance club will align themselves around common accounting. all these measures make up robust tool kit for understanding the carbon exposure in our portfolio. our carbon footprint and can give us important management information for project choice and design. . .

>> this will require a continuing t in direction of our energy portfolio to support energy access for all, increased investment in renewables and scaled-up support for energy efficiency. it will require continued support for clean transport, more livable i -- cities. it means ramping up support for globally-networked carbon markets and further financial innovation to crowd and investment for low emissions development, at this critical juncture in lima, i intend to challenge the world bank group and other development financial institutions to become with long-term partners of choice in this decarbonizing world. i offer our spring and annual meetings as venues to help increase our ambition with finance ministers and other

economic actors. we will support german leadership of the g7 and turkish leadership of the g20 to ensure that we promote a paris agreement that will send the strongest signal possible. today i'm sending a signal of my own. as head of the world bank group, i'll drive our institution and all its capabilities -- financial, technical and human -- to support this development transition that we must support together toward the goal of preserving our planet for all future generations. thank you very much. [applause] >> president kim, thanks for those great remarks. i get to ask a few questions -- >> sure. >> -- and we'll open up to the group. i'd like to start where you ended, your personal commitment to this challenge which, of course, we really appreciate. thank you for your leadership. it reminds me shortly after you joined the world bank you said to me and other folks in the environmental movement that after thinking about all your challenges, climate change was right at the top.

can you share with us today your personal view of the climate change challenge and also how's it going? you've been at this for a while now. are you encouraged? discouraged? how are you thinking about all of this? >> you remember, mark, in one of our conversations i kept asking people, what's the plan? we know there's a very strong side, and i said all the time that when i saw the degree of scientific consensus, i was amazed because i don't think there's anything in medicine around which there's that kind of consensus. and yet there was not such, you know, a clear enough plan i thought. so i think that we've made a lot of progress. i think there's a lot of coalescing around certain plans. i think that, you know, for example, for me the fact that christine lagarde so engaged with climate change and in talking about fossil fuel subsidies is new and different, and there are more actors coming onboard. i was extremely encouraged with the statement that we were able to bring together for the u.n.

general assembly, and i think the agreement between the u.s. and china is really an extremely important milestone. so i'm much more optimistic than i was even a year ago a. but, my goodness, this requires so many changes. and this is why to not, you know, today i really wanted to bring home the point that economic management can have a huge role. because if we get this right and align the incentives, you know, the market system will push us toward the targets we really need to hit in ways that any amount of conscience or personal conservation just won't get us to. >> right. thanks. you know, speaking of market signals and economics, the price of oil has fallen about 40% over the last few months. is this a plus or a minus on the climate front? >> i think we're all still trying to understand it. you know, we're trying to understand the impact of the lower price of oil. and, of course, you know, we work with both net exporting

countries and net importing countries. you know, i think the jury's still out on what impact it's going to have. but for me, whatever happens doesn't take away from the very real data that we're getting. i was just reading about antarctica and some of the new data about how quickly those glaciers are melting is very, very concerning. if you ever want to dispel any doubt you might have about climate change, go to the philippines and talk to the people there. so i think that whatever happens with the price of oil, we have to just keep laser focused on what we need to do to get the right pieces in place. i mean, again, if we can establish a price on carbon, if we can start removing some of the fossil fuel subsidies, if we can do the other things that are part of our plan, you know, cleaner, more livable cities, climate-smart agriculture and better funding for renewable and greater energy efficiency, if we can just do, keep our eye on

those five things, i mean, i think the fuel subsidies are difficult but doable. the carbon pricing is going to be controversial, but the others, you know, cleaner more livable cities, climate-smart agriculture and renewable energy, renewable energy and efficiency, these things are no-brainers. we should do this no matter what the price of oil. so we'll keep pushing while at the same time watching carefully the impact that these prices are going to have on the various countries we deal with. >> i agree, there's reason to be encouraged in recent events. but still sometimes living here in washington, d.c., i find the politics of climate change in the u.s. pretty discouraging. you've got a global perspective, a global job. how does the discussion in the u.s. line up with other parts of the world, and should we be, again, encouraged or discouraged on that front? [laughter] >> well, i mean, i think that, i think that there are enough very strong advocates for taking action on climate change. and i think when president xi

jinping and president obama got together and made this statement, that really had enormous impact. i mean, i was just at the g20 leaders' meeting, and we did have a discussion and a serious one on issues related to climate change. so i think that the fact that they are leading makes it very important. the -- and i have to tell you, you know, the discussions are different in every single country in the world. i mean, even when i started in july of 2012, the discussion in china, for example, has shifted dramatically. so i think that things can change pretty quickly over time, and i hope they do here as well. >> same here. let's talk about finances for a minute. the numbers are staggering sometimes when you think about it. the estimates, the world bank's estimates for needed funds for adaptation are mind-boggling really, they're so big. and then i gather the u.n. has said, no, you guys were low in your estimates.

how do we make, how do we, how do we catalyze the funding, to use your word? you talked about $10 billion leveraging up to 50. how does that work? how do those catalyzing initiatives really play out in the real world? >> well, you know, we're looking at, you know, when i came to the world bank group, one of the first questions was, well, you know, you guys are relatively small players. we're $65 billion a year, but given that infrastructure needs in the world right now, additional infrastructure needs that are not being financed is probably a trillion to trillion and a half dollars, we were very small. so we began thinking, and we've always been in trying to do this to see how we can leverage funding. one of the specific things we're doing now, something we're calling the global infrastructure facility. we realize that the world bank has a lot of skills, a lot of experience that others don't have. for example, can we build, for

example, you know, infrastructure that increases the renewable energy, for example, in a developing country? well, we don't have enough money to do it, but what if we were able to structure a deal that normally a sovereign wealth fund or, you know, a pension fund might think of as too risky, but if we do all the work and we build in safeguards all along the way, can we with a relatively small initial investment crowd in other investors to invest in the kind of infrastructure we need? well, we just out of the g20 leaders' meeting, we just got very strong investment for this global infrastructure facility. and that's just one example of how we're going to try to use our, you know, project preparation is a huge issue, for example. there are new development banks that are opening up, but one of the things that they're going to face is that they don't have people with the collective decades and decades of experience in putting these projects together. and we often find that that's the key, that putting the projects together is one of the

most difficult parts of it. and then once you do that, then you can actually leverage the other funds. so we're doing that with the global infrastructure facility, and i think that's the wave of the future. even for the sustainable development goals. one of the things that the secretary general has asked us to do, and by "us," i mean myself, christine at the, christine lagarde at the international monetary fund and the other multilevel monetary banks is he's asked us to put together a much more robust picture for financing, for development. so the sustainable development goals won't be financed in the way that the millennium development goals were. millennium development goals were sort of just declared. and i think it was a brilliant move. secretary general kofi annan said we need to focus, and this is what it's going to be. and the first financing conference happened two years later. so we're working intensively so we can put together a plan to fund the sustainable development

goals. but a lot of it is, you know, this is not going to be a case where we just think about how to divide up official development assistance. that's really what the mdgs were, you know? sort of let's focus to get at these critical issues. now we've got so many things, 17 goals, 169 targets. we've got so many things on the table that we're going to have to be much more creative. and private sector financing is going to be a huge part of it going forward. so we're in the middle of doing that right now, trying to think about, well, you know, to give you an example, we're going to say, okay, so in the poorest countries support for health care probably should be in the form of a grant. but should it be fully in the form of a grant, should we not also ask these countries to be better at resource mobilization, at getting their tax systems in place? we're going to look at all these different things together so that the financing strategy will actually give us a shot at achieving all these things that are in the goals, and that will require, you know, us to be as innovative as we can possibly

be. >> thanks, that's exciting. let's hear from the audience. we have microphones, and we're on the record, and you have to stand up and tell us who you are and who you're affiliated with. yes, ma'am. >> i'm missy with the naval postgraduate school. this is very exciting, to hear what's going on. what's your public relations or communication plan to get everybody feeling as excited as you do, and i assume everybody in this room now feels, so we're all behind you? and i take this all the way down to children's books. we changed smoking in this country by getting kids to tell their parents not to smoke, so it's just a thought. >> well, missy, it's a great point. you know, one of the things that we realize in the social sector is that we've not been nearly as good as, say, the advertising industry in getting our messages across. but there are great examples.

i mean, i used to be a professor at the harvard school of public health, and it was a very specific effort to get designated drivers into sitcoms that led to that becoming part of the discourse. and, you know, it was jay winston, he was a friend of mine, he very much focused on it, getting smoking out of television, for example, and sending messages. and there are also a history of messages that have failed miserably. this is your your brain, this is your brain on drugs failed miserably. but what the advertising industry can do is they keep throwing things up, and if it sticks, they keep going with it. but for us it's -- you know, we don't have that same mentality. so i think we really have to work on many fronts at the same time to make thinking about climate change, to make thinking about conservation in the way that mark's organization has focused. these things have to become cool, and they're not quite yet. they're a little bit too sort of

crunchy, you know, counterculture, you know, if you will. it has to be right at the core of the way we breathe, the way we live. now, i think a big boost to that will be to get the market signals right so that companies are aggressively moving in the same direction. and i have to tell you, i am extremely impressed with the private sector's embrace of these issues, you know? walmart needs food in order to be able to continue to sell its product. you know, coca-cola needs water in order to continue to sell its products. so the way that many private sector companies have come onboard to support these efforts have been encouraging. what we haven't got yet, though, is their great, great skill at sending messages out about, you know, diet coke or whatever else they do. so i think this has to be at the top of our agenda. i think we have to be ready also for when the next disaster hits. i think what happens is, you

know, after hurricane sandy everyone kind of turned and looked at the environmental community and said, okay, we get it. what's the plan? and, actually, we didn't have a plan at that time. we didn't say here's the plan, one, two, three, four, five. we have to be ready for those moments, and we have to continue to -- i mean, what we're talking about is not a less prosperous way of life, but a fundamentally different way of life that will beless car won intensive -- less carbon intensive but just as full of promise and joy as one that would be fully carbonized. >> yes, back there. >> thank you. will davis with the united nations development program. first and foremost, happy birthday, president kim. [laughter] second, perhaps equally as important, certainly in the sdg process you're hearing a lot of countries bringing a lot of different perspectives to the table. and my new favorite acronym is cbdr, common but differentiated

responsibility. are you starting to see countries coalescing about a thinking on approaching climate change, reaching some common ground? >> well, i mean, i think that that language, common but differentiated, is still there, and it has to be. and i outlined it in my speech as well. i mean, you know, i've talked about situations of energy apartheid. i mean, i have to tell you i'm just back from liberia with, guinea and sierra leone, and i have to tell you that our failure to provide sufficient energy in those three countries is part of the problem. we did not have functioning health care systems, we did not have access to grids or even micro and mini grids. they did not have that. and so getting information from the regions where ebola broke out, i mean, i think you can look at ebola as an example of what it means when we don't take seriously our development responsibilities. you know, now it's a situation, you know, i've spent my whole life fighting, you know,

problems like hiv and drug-resistant tb, and i've never seen anything as bad as the ebola outbreak right now. we have a -- you know, and ironically it's the same problem. we have to get to zero cases for ebola in every single country while we're talking about zero net emissions. you know, for me tackling these development challenges is not just about doing the right thing as nice people. for ebola not having a structure in place that would have allowed us to immediately respond to this or any other outbreak now represents a real downside risk to not just the local economy, but to the regional, to the african and maybe even to the global economy if we can't get to zero. climate change, i think, is another area where it represents a real downside risk to the global economy that's not yet really understood. so that's one of the things we're doing. we're trying to say, look, we talk a lot about, you know,

looking at a bank's assets. we're doing these studies of the european banking system, for example, because those we know are real downside risks to the global economy. but so is ebola and so is climate change. so this is what we're trying to do right now, is to make sure that poor countries have energy, you know, and we need to make sure that they do because it's connected to things like ebola. but at the same time, i think we can push all developing countries. and this is what we hear. this is what i'm hearing from african leaders. they don't want to be on the side of the question just saying, no, no, no, it's not our, you know, it's not our responsibility. i hear also very different attitudes. and i think, again, leadership from the u.s. and china has had a big impact. they know that even though we respect their need for energy, we have to. if we start saying you're going to have to wait for energy because of climate change, then

i think we're going to have real problems. but if we say you, of course, deserve access to energy, let's make it as renewable as possible, but let's make sure you can develop just like all the other countries can, and then let's talk about your contribution to the battle against climate change. that's a conversation that's started, and i think that's the conversation that has to grow in intensity between now and paris. >> yes, ma'am. sherry. >> thank you, president kim. very much for your remarks. sherry goodman. suppose instead of the marvelous mark sitting next to you, you had the koch brothers and a u.s. congressional climate skeptic. what would you say to that, to those people to invoke their self-interest and the commitment you've shown to climate change? >> um, well, you know, i try on

this particular issue to say the same thing to everybody. and what i, you know, what i start with is that you've really got to look at the science. and the science is pretty astounding, and the science is one that you just, you really have to embrace it. and then after the science i would invite them to travel with me to places that have been impacted by what we know is the number and intensity of extreme weather events is going up. so i would invite them to visit, for instance, where i visited just a while ago, tack -- and then i'd put it in the same way that david cameron has put it. what he said was, look, the science is pretty convincing to me. but even if you don't think that this is real and you think that the chances of the terrible events that we predict are not real, even if you think there's

only a 10% chance that this is real, wouldn't you buy insurance against it? isn't that what we do with insurance policies? even if we don't know for sure that it's going to happen, isn't it the smart thing to do to protect ourselves in case it does? that's how he put it. so i, you know, i've been very clear about where we want to go at the world bank group because, for me, the science is absolutely compelling. i -- but i know there are people who don't share that view. i would make those arguments, and then we'd see where it goes. >> yes, ma'am. >> edith -- [inaudible] georgetown law school. president kim, the safeguard policies on resettlement, environment, culture and other things have been redone. as you know, 300 ngos walked out of the consultation with the world bank, and there's a stinging critique on the blog at brookings institution today. could you comment on how you see

this new development in light of the impact on potentially neglected, very poor, neglected commitments and people for red plus, for infrastructure development and for the other climate projects that you've identified? >> so that's a great question. first of all, let me just make clear the safeguards are not yet done. we have just put out a draft, and we're in the middle of very intensive negotiations. and i've extended the consultation process into march. so we take this very, very seriously. finish and let me -- and let me just say that we have a role, the management of the world bank group, has a role in putting some of the information together. but the final decision as to what these look like are part of a negotiation that happens with our board. and our board is 188, the member countries of the world bank group. so i made a commitment to not dilute the safeguards. we want to make them, in fact, better and stronger. let me just give you an example of how complex this is.

so communities from latin america are absolutely convinced that even stronger language on indigenous communities is important. countries in africa are saying, are you kidding me? when we begin to ask questions of indigenous people, we have problems like the ones we had in rwanda where indigenousness, if you will, is extremely complicated and difficult. now, i don't know how we're going to resolve that issue, frankly. i don't know how we're going to bring extremely strong opinions that come from different parts of the world with different frames together. but that's, that's the job not just of me, but of the board. so this is why multilateralism so extremely difficult, because you have powerful forces on our board that are arguing about these things all the time. i will do my best to come to an

agreement that protects marginalized people, that protects the environment. we will do everything we can to get there. but because we have 188 member countries and a group of governors, you know, we have to do it in the context with them. and i hope that you'll continue and that others will continue to be engaged in the discussion of this process as we go forward. >> yes, ma'am. >> carmen -- [inaudible] npma. i'd like to ask particularly in the sustainable development standards why the bank has not included in the draft document that was discussed recently, mandatory gender standards? i think without the women of the world, the world is not going to move forward, and the bank has been such a sustainer of women's

advancement. why is that not included in the draft? >> which draft? >> the sustainable environmental and social framework. >> um, i don't know the answer to the question other than to say that, you know, we have been extremely committed to gender equality. we have now a new cross-cutting solutions area that spans the entire organization. we have been trying to lead as much as possible. actually, i don't know the answer to that question. rachel, do you, do you know the answer to that question? >> [inaudible] >> okay. we have a mic for you, rachel. >> yeah. >> well, i mean, just to add to, sorry, my name's rachel -- [inaudible] i work for jim. one of the, as jim said, first of all, we're in consultation, so, you know, this is all part of the consultation. the, i think the question in the

safeguards team and a lot of discussion around this is how do you put a gender lens on all of the safeguards. so that would start from the way in which you work with women in the process of an environment and social impact assessment. you know, from my own professional experience you walk into a community and you ask men what they think about, you know, development within a forested area and you ask women what they think about development in the forested area, you may actually get two very different answers as you would in the village i come from and i'm sure you would do if you talk to people in bethesda or mcclain. we're aware of that dynamic, so how do you mainstream that in a lens of your assessment, and then how do you deal with the specific issues related to gender and some of the issues in in indigenous people in resettlement. so i think the question is do you have to have a stand-alone policy on gender. i think there's a real feeling that stand-alone policy needs to

be upstream. the safeguards are very much an end of type process. they have to be accompanied by strategics, strategic documents and strategies of the bank. and, in fact, one of the things that jim has to do next year is take a new gender strategy to the board. so, but let's talk after, after this meeting. >> so, you know, i have -- if you were talking about safeguards, this is just an ongoing argument that's happening between people who are commenting on the documents, the civil society organizations and also our board. because there's many, many, you can imagine the number of new stand-alone safeguards that are being requested. and, you know, the discussion going on with the board -- which is really the 188 member countries -- is where do you get the greatest impact, from stand-alone safeguards or from some way of insuring that at the end of the day we remain accountable for outcomes around gender equality. this is an ongoing discussion, and it won't be resolved for at

least, you know, we will present a final version to the board sometime in the summer of 2015, and then the final approval will be probably in about a year. >> how about in the back of the room, and let's try to revert back to today's topic, financial matters and climate change. >> that would be great. >> yes, sir. >> [inaudible] could you comment on what appears to me anyway to be a special problem of india with its great development needs and its use of coal and so forth? >> right. well, i've had, i've had now quite a few meetings with prime minister modi, and prime minister modi has told me that he has worked a lot in terms of increasing solar energy. he's a great advocate of solar energy, and he did that when he was in -- [inaudible] he has an enormous problem in the sense that he has to find ways of providing numbering for still 400 million -- energy for

still 400 million people who live on less than $1.25 a day while at the same time having a positive impact. now, in my discussions with him he has been clear that he's very open to having these discussions. but, of course, the first thing they will say is, you know, we need a chance to industrialize, we need a chance to create jobs, we need energy. so i'm hopeful in the sense that the leadership of china and is the u.s., i think, was unexpected. and even at the g20 meeting, every single one of the leaders there knew that there was a reckoning coming, that they would have to state what they were going to do. so we continue to work with them very closely. we're going to do everything we can to help india down a cleaner path, for example. if we could build more transit systems in india, if we could do many more thousands of kilometers of bus rapid transit systems, that would have a huge impact. they've already gone to natural

gas-run buses that are much cleaner. what prime minister modi is looking for -- and this is our responsibility to him -- he said to me specifically if you can find cleaner ways of accomplishing what i have to accomplish, and that is creating jobs for all these young people, all these people that are, you know, exiting schools and looking for work, if you can find that, i will choose it. so, you know, i remain hopeful, but i think that the overall discussion is a very complicated one. 400 million people living on less than $1.25 a day. you know, that is also his responsibility. >> okay. we have time for one or two more questions on the topic of climate change. yes. in thank. >> thank you. fred tipton, center for peace. i have one of the few -- you have one of the few positions in the world that gives you kind of a bully pulpit to the frame these issues and the way people

take heart. and what i'm finding is whereas you're talking about 2100 objectives, unless we do something in the next 20 years, there's no prospect of meeting those objectives. there are politicians who think they can postpone the problem. so what i look for in presentation is what are you saying that would cause a mainstream politician to develop the political will to take very hard choices within the next 10, 15 years, not 50 years? and i don't see it. what i hear is sort of wonk key summation of -- wonky summation of things countries can do, they should do, you know, we have all these people at the bank that can help you understand these things, but there's the urgency and the certainty, frankly, that the consequences are dire within the next 20 years. finish not in the time frames that 2100 would suggest. so you don't have to agree with me, but i wonder what your reaction is. in a world of $70 oil which,

frankly, it's not complicated as to what this means for this issue. it means it postpones tremendously people's incentives to get off of oil. in fact, there's a rush to the renewables. >> first of all, i think my mother would thank you for calling me wonky. [laughter] i've been in a political position for so long now, that i welcome the moniker. but first of all, i don't think we know what's going to happen to oil prices. there are equal numbers of people even in the world bank that think prices are going to go back up to ones who say it's going to go down to $40 a barrel. we don't really know what's going the happen. and if you read our documents, we have put out a lot of documents at an up precedented level, to be frank -- unprecedented level. our documents are very specific about what's going to happen in asia, latin america. we have been very specific about

the short-term impact. and our approach to the problem has been that we're not going to limit our activity just to giving the doomsday scenarios because, you know, in my view getting a politician to change his or her mind is an extremely important task. but in the meantime, there are all these other very specific tasks. for example, how do we increase financing for renewable energy? this is something we can actually do, something we're working like crazy to do it. it's such a no-brainer. it increases productivity. it makes the crops more resilient. it feeds poor people, and it's good for the environment. it is such a no-brainer, and it is not being done at anywhere near the level that it should be done. that's very clear. so, you know, i hope you guys are successful along with us reading our documents convincing the politicians to change their minds. in the meantime, what about building cleaner, more livable cities? cities are being built every day, and they're being built in ways that are not cleaner,

they're not more livable. so we're aggressively moving forward and saying, look, 70% of emissions happens in cities. if you can make them cleaner, more livable, denser with bus rapid transit, with all the other things that have been proven to lower the carbon footprint of cities, then it's something that we should do right now. and this is, in fact, what's really changed about the world bank group, that we're not straddling the fence anymore. we're saying this is a real problem, and instead of just engaging in political arguments -- because, see, people -- the thing i worried about is everyone would put everything on a binding political agreement for cop 21. that might not happen. i hope it does, but it might not happen. where we want to be is that by that meeting we will have worked out how we're going to finance both mitigation and adaptation activities or for the years forward for the poorest countries, that we will have worked out a plan for building cleaner, more livable cities that's much more robust and have

an impact on carbon emissions, that funding for renewable energy -- in other words be, we cannot wait for the politicians to change their mind to do the things we know today are going to make a difference. that's our approach, and i urge you to read our turn down the heat documents. they're pretty frightening. >> let's close on that strong answer. [laughter] listen, president kim, thank you very much for your great remarks today. thanks for your leadership. thanks for bringing to this tough challenge a long-term view, but as this challenge is a short-term i view as well, a practical one, one that wants to harness markets and ngos. your leadership is needed and we appreciate it, and thank you very much. >> thank you very much. [applause]

[inaudible conversations] >> and we'll have this available up on our web site video library, that's c-span.org. also want to let you know about a couple of hearings tomorrow that c-span's covering, a house hearing with testimony from jonathan gruber who advised the white house and the state of massachusetts on health care insurance programs. he's expected to talk about his public criticism of the obama administration and the affordable care act. we'll also be hearing from the administrator of the centers for medicare and medicaid services, marilyn tavenner. that's live tomorrow morning starting at 9:30 on our companion network, c-span3. also tomorrow at 2:00, secretary of state john kerry scheduled to testify before the senate foreign relations committee about isis and authorization for the use of military force. and coming up next we'll take a look at the lighting of

the u.s. capitol tree and remarks by house speaker john boehner and the architect of the cap tom as well as minnesota -- capitol as well as minnesota senators al franken and amy klobuchar. and then at 2:00 eastern time into the senate as the senate gavels in. [cheers and applause] >> and in keeping with tradition, the speaker of the house, the honorable john boehner, will extend his holiday greetings to you and officially light this remarkable tree in just a few moments. before we get to that big moment, i want to welcome members of congress and distinguished guests, our capitol hill neighbors and those who are visiting our nation's capital today. thank you for joining us on this cold and wet evening. i'd especially like to acknowledge members of the minnesota delegation in attendance tonight, including senators amy klobuchar, al franken and congressman rick

nolan. [applause] now, this incredible tree has been beautifully decorated with thousands of handmade ornaments crafted by children and others in minnesota communities as a gift from the land of 10,000 lakes. [cheers and applause] and speaking of ornaments, each year the u.s. capitol historical society presents a stunning ornament to place upon the tree. this year's ornament features a classic capitol design crafted from the marble steps that used to be on the east front of the capitol. at this time i'd like to introduce former member of congress and president of the capitol historical society, mr. ron sarazen. [applause]

>> steven, thank you very much. mr. speaker, members of congress, let me add my thanks to this event, this wonderful event, this 88-foot christmas tree which is absolutely beautiful. and to have the privilege as president of the u.s. capitol historical society of adding our annual ornament to the tree. with the thousands of ornaments that have been created by the children of minnesota. so i would like to present to you this ornament and, please, ask you to get it on the tree. it's made from marble that came from the capitol. it was removed when the steps were removed in 1990, so thank you very much. >> thank you so much. >> all right, sir. [applause] >> thank you so much, ron. for more than 40 years, the u.s. forest service and the architect of the capitol have partnered to

the bring a christmas tree to the capitol from one of our nation's national forests. i'd like to specifically thank all of the dedicated forest service staff both here in washington and in minnesota who have helped make this event possible. it's quite an undertaking, and we are always so appreciative of your hard work. in particular, we'd all like to say thank you to beverly carroll who'll be retiring after 39 years with the forest service. and beverly has been a part of the capitol christmas tree tradition for 20 years, and we wish you all the best, beverly. let's give them all a round of applause. [applause] joining us tonight is the honorable robert bonny, representing the department of agriculture. he has a holiday message to share with all of you this evening. mr. bonny?

>> it's an honor to be here today to represent the u.s. department of agriculture and the u.s. forest service. fifty years ago speaker of the house john mccormack began the tradition of the capitol christmas tree to celebrate the season and share a little holiday spirit. the capitol christmas tree, which annually heals from one of -- hails from one of our national forests, is a good reminder to all of us of the importance of reserving our natural resources. the tree is also a wonderful example of the american can-do spirit as each year partners and hundreds of volunteers contribute thousands of hours to help transport the tree from one of our national forests to the capitol. this year's tree, a white spruce, comes from the chippewa national forest in minnesota. established in 1908 by president theodore roosevelt as the first national forest east of the mississippi river, the forest is at the headwaters of the river. it contains 400,000 acres of

wetlands and lakes and provides habitat for canada lynx, sandhill cranes and the largest breeding population of bald eagles in the lower 48. the forest has also been home to native americans for 10,000 years and contains outstanding cultural resources. and that makes today's celebration even more important, because the leech lake band has played a critical role in partnering with the forest service to bring the tree here. indeed, i'm told there are members of the leech lake band here today who were here as children in 1992 when a tree from the chippewa national forest was last selected as the capitol christmas tree. other partners like choose outdoors have also contributed to the long journey the tree has taken. partners like these are vital for all the work we do on the national forests, whether it's conserving and restoring our forest ecosystems or providing

recreational opportunities to millions of people. so let's celebrate this partnership and this tree. merry christmas and happy holidays. [applause] >> thank you, mr. bonny. this tree has been on a tremendous journey. in fact, it's traveled more than 2,000 miles across the country from minnesota. and just a mere 12 days ago this white spruce arrived here on the west front where our dedicated team of capitol grounds crew went to work decorating it. and this is the final tree, the final of 34 trees for george rollins. and, george, you will be missed as well. didn't the grounds crew do a fantastic job? [applause] and a special shoutout to their leader, ted bechtel, the superintendent of capitol grounds, who had the tough task of selecting just one tree from

the many amazing trees found in chippewa national forest. next, ladies and gentlemen, the it's my honor the bring up members of the minnesota delegation to offer their remarks. i have the honor of introducing senator amy klobuchar who became the first woman elected to represent the state of minnesota in the united states senate in 2006. she serves on the senate committee on agriculture, nutrition and forestry which has jurisdiction over forestry policy, and she was at the chippewa national forest to oversee the harvesting of this magnificent tree. senator klobuchar? [applause] >> well, hello, everyone. it is so great to see you here. we're so proud of this tree from the state of minnesota where in the words of our unofficial poet

laureate, garrison keillor, a state where the women are strong, right? the men are good looking, right, franken? and all the trees are above average. [laughter] and this tree is 88 feet above average. we're very proud of it and also we have our delegation here, congressman nolan, as you know, you'll hear from him, congresswoman bachmann is here, congressman walz and congressman paulson are here, and i know if they're not here already,man ellison and congresswoman -- [inaudible] and congressman peterson and congressman kline are also very proud of this tree. and thank you, speaker boehner, for being here in the mist, and also i notice that another leader on the democratic side, steny hoyer, is also with us today. i'd like the thank our brave 10-year-old boy aaron for being here, we're very excited to have you light up this tree for us tonight. it is so -- [applause] fitting that our state is providing this huge christmas tree from the forest in

minnesota. you should know that the town is almost home to a huge statue of paul bunion and babe the blue ox. and here's a fun fact, it would actually take more than four paul bunion statues to -- bunyan to reach the star on that tree. the minnesota logger of the year is a really big guy, he cut tree. i wanted to do it myself, but he took over. this tree then traveled 2,000 miles from the the chippewa forest, and i was at some of the events in minnesota. i was astounded by the thousands of school kids that would turn out just to see this tree. and with all the cynicism we can have sometimes in washington, it makes you realize that the people of this country and the children of this country still care that their tree from their state, one tree in the whole country, is going to be standing in front of this capitol building. from the foresters and the conservationists and the loggers who work together every day to

maintain the health, beauty and productivity of our forests, this tree has come. my grandpa was an iron ore miner, and when the mine closed down, he was a logger, so i know how hard this life can be. but it wasn't just where this tree started, it was all the kids that worked on the ornaments, it was the leech lake tribal members' songs and prayers that blessed this tree as it went on its journey. by sharing this not-so-small piece of minnesota here at our nation's capitol, we're letting everyone know about the natural beauty and cultural richness found in our state. we're letting everyone know why we need them to come to minnesota and experience it for themselves. i'd like to thank everyone who made this possible. we are so proud to have a minnesota tree in front of the united states capitol. thank you. [applause] >> thank you so much, senator klobuchar. and now, ladies and gentlemen, it's my pleasure to introduce

senator al franken who's been serving the people of minnesota since 2009. senator franken? [applause] >> thank you. well, thank you for being here, everyone. it's a big honor to have this year's tree from the chippewa national forest from in minnesota and from the leech lake band. now, we minnesotans do not like to brag, but our tree is 88 feet tall. tied for the second largest capitol christmas tree ever. only a foot shorter than the tallest. okay, so second largest doesn't sound much like a brag, but in minnesota -- home of hubert humphrey and walter mondale -- being second is a brag. [laughter]

88 feet. do you know how many years it takes to grow an 88-foot-tall tree? is -- neither do i. [laughter] but i'm sure it took a very long time. [laughter] what you don't see here are the 70 other trees that were brought from minnesota to washington, d.c. along with this huge one. they're smaller trees, and those trees are scattered throughout offices around the city including one in my office, and also minnesota children made 10,000 ornaments to decorate all these trees because we are the land of 10,000 lakes. actually, we have 11,842 lakes. but that doesn't have the same ring as 10,000 lakes, so we're the land of 10,000 lakes. [laughter]

thus, the 10,000 ornaments that the children from minnesota made. and one of the very popular ornaments that these children made is -- and sent here -- is called a dreamcatcher. and you may see one, and it's like a circular thing with kind of netting in there, and they're part of legend. and they are believed to protect you while you're sleeping by catching all the bad dreams and thoughts, while letting only positive thoughts come true. and i think that's a good sentiment for the holiday season, don't you all? don't you all? yes, you do. [applause] i knew. so today as we light this tree, let us only be filled with positive thoughts and with the joy and love of the season.

now, senator klobuchar and i lay claim to this tree because, as senators, we represent the entire state of minnesota. but this tree comes from the eighth congressional district which is wonderfully represented by congressman rick nolan. so i guess he can lay claim to it as well, although to a lesser extent. [laughter] so here we have him, our great congressman, rick nolan. [applause] >> well, on behalf of the minnesota delegation, i want to welcome all of you to this wonderfully-warm, balmy afternoon and evening. believe it or not, it was an 80-degree difference change in temperature from the time we all left minnesota yesterday and got here today. but what a wonderful tree this

is, and i want to thank the forest service and thank chairwoman carrie jones of the leech lake band of the chippewa nation. [cheers and applause] thank you for nurturing this tree and the wonderful celebration that you created for the harvesting of this tree. and what's wonderful about this tree are many things, but, you know, with its 10,000 ornaments and lighting that they tell me you'll be able to see from outer space once it's lit up, speaker boehner, what's really wonderful about it is it's right smack dab here in the middle of the capitol, and there's nothing even remotely partisan about it. i mean, there are no democratic, republican or independent parts of that tree each though, you know, there are branches going out to the left and out to the right and everything in between.

but what's magnificent about it is that it reminds us all that we are all one nation and one people joined together in a common cause and a common message to the world about the importance of love, peace, liberty and freedom. and what a great honor it is for us from minnesota to be able to have provided this tree at this time. thank you so much. [applause] >> thank you so much, congressman nolan. and now it's my great privilege to introduce the speaker of the house, john boehner. speaker boehner has served the people of the eighth district of ohio in congress since 1990, and in january 2011 he became the 53rd speaker of the house.

tonight he carries on the tradition of lighting the u.s. capitol christmas tree. ladies and gentlemen, the honorable john boehner. [applause] >> well, thank you, steven, and let me thank all of you who are here tonight and a big thank you to everyone who was involved this making this evening happen. from the architect's team to the forest service to the people of minnesota and to the thousands of students who made the decorations, all this, this tree truly embodies the christmas spirit. now tonight, just as our dome is in a season of restoration, we are here to begin one of our own. the scene was much humbler that first be christmas, just a group of shepherds keeping watch on a quiet night. but it is to these simple men that the angel suddenly appears

announcing that unto you is born this day in the city of david a savior which is christ, the lord. the shepherds don't just rejoice at this gift, they go and catch a glimpse of it for themselves. let us now go to bethlehem, they come to one another and say, and see what has come to pass. once they get there, they share their good tidings with the world. that's what makes christmas so magical. it's a time ore cover for -- to rediscover for ourselves the beauty of god's world and to rekindle the hope of peace and goodwill to all just as the lights on the tree shine together to overcome the darkness. so on behalf of my family and the people's house, i wish a happy christmas to all of you and to all a good night. we've now reached that moment that you've all been waiting

for, that is to go back inside -- [laughter] to help us light this tree this year, we have a special guest from just up the road this maryland. he and his family are here with the help of the make-a-wish foundation, and he'll be spending christmas in new york. so we've asked him to come down here to help us kick off this holiday season in our nation's capital. ladies and gentlemen, join me in giving a warm welcome to aaron urban. [cheers and applause] all right. aaron, you ready? let's start. 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3,2, 1! [cheers and applause] ♪ ♪

♪ ♪ >> what a magnificent tree, ladies and gentlemen. [cheers and applause] thank you, everyone, for coming tonight to join speaker boehner, the minnesota congressional delegation, the u.s. forest service, the united states navy's ceremonial band and all of us for this year's lighting of our u.s. capitol christmas tree. merry christmas, everyone, and

good night. [applause] ♪ ♪ [inaudible conversations]

>> and a look at our coverage for tomorrow over on c-span3, we'll be having live coverage of two hearings, one a house hearing with testimony from jonathan gruber who advised the white house and the state of massachusetts on health care insurance programs. he's expected to talk about his public criticism of the obama administration's rollout of the affordable care act. also at that hearing, the administrator for the centers for medicare and medicaid services, marilyn tavenner. that starts live tomorrow morning at 9:30 eastern. and also on c-span3 tomorrow at 2:00, secretary of state john kerry scheduled to testify before the senate foreign relations committee on isis. and the senate about to

gavel in now and starting with general speeches ahead of confirmation votes at 5:30 for positions on the nuclear regulatory commission, the national labor relations board and the energy department. off the floor lawmakers working on legislation to fund the government past thursday. tem the senate will come to order. the chaplain, dr. barry black, will lead the senate in prayer. the chaplain: let us pray. eternal god the source of our being, on yesterday december 7, we remembered how you sustain us even through unexpected tragedies.