unfragmented. faith leaders, institutions and all of us must be with our children. we must be bold. we must be ambitious. and we must have the will. over 50 years ago, on the first day of my school, i met a boy sitting outside the gate of my school. i asked my teacher, why are you sitting outside? why is he not with us in the classroom? he had no answer. one day i gathered all of my courage and went to the father of that little boy. and he said sir, i have never talked about it.

we are going to work. his answer made me angry. it still makes me angry. as a child of tomorrow, it isn't the boy sitting with me in my classroom. now that tomorrow has become today. i am today. you are today. the time for every child to have the right to life, the right to freedom, to freedom, the right to health, the right to education camera to dignity, right to equality and the right to be. [applause]

today, today beyond the darkness i see the smiling faces of children. do ..

close your eyes and feel the child inside you. and so you can listen to that child, listen please. today mahatma gandhi, nelson mandela,, martin luther king calling on us. let us democratize knowledge. [applauding] let us renew. [applauding]

together let us globalize compassion. i call upon you in this room and all across the world. i call upon a march from exploitation to education. education. [applauding] i call for a march from poverty to shared hospitality, from hospitality, from slavery to liberty, and from violence to piece. [speaking in native tongue] let us march from ignorance to awakening. let us march from darkness to light. let us let us march from mortality to dignity. let us march. [applauding]

thank you. [applauding] [applauding] [applauding] [applauding] [applauding] [applauding]

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[applauding] >> thank you. you proved what i said according to mahatma gandhi that the only tyrant is the voice coming from the inside , which is also the case, the result of the second nobel peace prize for 2014. i call upon you to come

forward and give your nobel lecture. [applauding] >> thank you so much. thank you. thank you. [applauding] thank you so much. [speaking in native tongue] in the name of god the most merciful, the most proficient, your majesty, your royal highness is,

distinguished members of the norwegian nobel community, sisters and brothers, today is the day of great happiness for me. i am humbled that the nobel committee has selected me for this precious award. thank you to everyone for your support and love. thank you for the letters and cards that i still i still received from all around the world. if you are and encouraging words strengthen and inspire me. i would like to thank my parents for their unconditional love. thank you to my father for not clipping my wings and

for letting me fly. [applauding] thank you to my mother for inspiring me to be patient and to always seek the truth which we strongly believe is the true message of islam and also thank you to all of my wonderful teachers who inspired me to believe in myself and be brave. i am proud to five in fact, i am very proud to be the first past june, the first pakistani mind the youngest person to receive this award.

[applauding] along with that i am pretty certain that i am also the first recipient of the nobel peace prize was younger brothers. [laughter] i want there to be piece everywhere, but my brothers and i are still working on that. [laughter] i i am also honored to receive this award with a champion a champion for children's rights for a long time. twice as long, in long, in fact, as i have been alive.

i i am proud that we can work together and show the world that an indian and a pakistani can work together and achieve their goals of children's rights. [applauding] [applauding] brothers and sisters, i sisters, i was named after the inspirational, the joan of arc. the word means grief stricken, sad,, but in order to lend some happiness to it my grandfather would always call me by lala, the happiest girl in the world.

today i am very happy that we are together fighting for an important cause. this award is not just for me. it it is for those forgotten children who want education. it is for those frightened children who want peace. it is for those voiceless children who want change. i am here to stand up for their rights, to raise there voice. it is not time to pity them. it is not time to pity them. it is time to take action so that it becomes the last time, the last time, so it

becomes the last time that we see a child deprived of education. [applauding] i have found that people describe me in many different ways. some people call me the girl who was the taliban and some the girl who fought for her rights. some people call me a nobel laureate now. however, they still call me that annoying, bossy sister. [laughter] as far as i know, i am just

a committed and even stubborn person who wants to see every child getting quality education, who wants to see women having equal rights, and who wants peace in every corner of the world. [applauding] education is one of the blessings of life and one of its process of these. that has been my credence during the 17 years of my life. i always loved learning and discovering new things. i remember when my friends

and i would decorate our hands with hannah on special occasions. and instead of drawing flowers we would paint our hands with mathematical formulas and equations. we had a thirst for education. we had a thirst for education because our teachers were right their in the classroom. we would sit and learn and read together. we loved to where neat and tidy school uniforms, and we would sit their with big dreams and our eyes. we wanted to make our parents proud and prove that we could all excel and our studies and achieve those goals which some people think only boys can.

but things did not remain the same. when i was -- it was a place of tourism and beauty suddenly changed into a place of terrorism. more than 400 schools were destroyed, women were flogged, people were killed. and our beautiful dream turned into nightmares. education went from being a right to being a crime. girls were stopped from going to school. when my world suddenly changed my priorities changed, too.

i had two options. one was to remain silent and wait to be killed, and the second was to speak up and then be killed. i chose the second one. one. [applauding] i decided to speak up. [applauding] you could not just stand by and see those injustices, denying injustices, denying our rights, killing people and misusing the name of islam. we decided to raise our voice and kill -- and tell

them. have you not learned that in the holy quran allah says if you kill one person you kill the whole humanity. do you not no that mohammed, the prophet of mercy. he says, do do not harm yourself or others. do you not no that the very first word of the holy quran is the word if brought. the terrorists tried to stop us, and me and my friends who are here today were attacked in 2012. but neither their ideas nor their bullets could win. we survived. and since that day our

voices have grown louder and louder. [applauding] i tell my story, not because it is unique but because it is not. it is the story of many girls. today i tell their stories, too. i have brought with me some of my sisters from pakistan, nigeria, and syria to share the story. my brave sisters who are

also on the school bus. they have not not stopped learning. and my brave sisters who went through severe abuse and extreme violence. even her brother was killed, but she did not succumb. also my sister is here who are met during my campaign. my 16 -year-old courageous sister from syria who now lives in jordan as a refugee, am tenth to tenth encourage -- encouraging girls and boys to learn. and my sisters from the north of nigeria and even

kidnap girls just for wanting to go to school. one person 2 inches tall. it means i i am 5-foot only. [laughter] i am not a lone voice. i am am not a lone voice. i am many. i am a lala. i i am most dual. i am a mina. i am those 66 million girls who are deprived of education, and today i am not raising my voice because

the voice of those 66 million girls. [applauding] [applauding] [applauding] sometimes people like to ask me why should girls go school. why is it important for them but i think the more important question is, why shouldn't they?

why shouldn't they have this right to go to school? brothers and sisters, today and half of the world we see the progress and development. however, there are many countries where millions still suffer from the very old problem of war, poverty, and injustice. ..

many children especially in india and pakistan are deprived of their right to education because they have been forced into child marriage or into child labor. one of my very good school friends, the same age as me, who

has always been a bold and confident girl, dreamed of becoming a doctor but her dream remained a dream. at the age of 12, she was forced to get married and then soon she had a son. she had a child. when she had sent for the child at only 14. i know that she could have been a very good doctor but she couldn't because she was a girl. her story is why i dedicate the nobel peace prize money to the malala fund to help give girls quality education everywhere, anywhere in the world and to raise their voices.

the first place this funding will go to is where my heart is, to schools in pakistan especially in my home. [applause] in my own village, there is still no secondary school for girls and it is my wish and my commitment and now my challenge to build one so that my friends and my sisters can go there to school and get a quality education and they get this opportunity to fulfill their

dreams. this is where i will begin but it is not where i will stop. i will continue this fight until i see every child, every child in school. dear brothers and sisters, great people who brought change like martin luther king and nelson mandela, mother teresa and aung san suu kyi once stood here on this stage. i hope the steps that we have taken so far and we take on this journey will also bring change, lasting change. [applause]

my great hope is that this will be the last time, this will be the last time we must fight for education. let's solve this once and for all. we have already taken many ste steps. now it is time to take a leap. it is not time to tell the world leaders to realize how important education is. they already know it. their own children are in good schools. now it is time to call them to take action for the rest of the world's children. we asked the world leaders to

unite and make education there top priority. 15 years ago, the world leaders decided on a set of global goa goals. in the years that have followed they have seen some progress. the number of children out of school has been halved as kailash satyarthi said however the world focused only on primary education and progress did not reach everyone. in year 2015, representatives from all around the world will meet at the united nations to set the next set of goals, sustainable development goals. this will serve the world's ambition for the next generations.

the world can no longer -- the world can no longer accept that basic education is enough. why do leaders accept that for children in developing countries only basic literacy is sufficient when their own children do homework in algebra, mathematics, science and physi physics? leaders must seize this opportunity to guarantee a free quality primary and secondary education for every child. [applause]

someone said this is impractical or too expensive or too hard. maybe even impossible. but it is time the world thinks bigger. dear sisters and brothers, this so-called word of elders may understand it but we sure don't. why is it that countries which are strong are so powerful and creating walls but are so weak in bringing peace? [applause] why is it? why is it that giving guns is so

easy but giving books is so ha hard? why is it, why is it that making tanks is so easy but building schools is so hard? we are living in the modern age and we believe that nothing is impossible. 45 years ago we reached the mo moon. maybe soon we will land on mars. in this 21st century we must be able to give every child quality education. dear sisters and brothers, dear fellow children, we must work,

not wait. not just the politicians in the world leaders. we all need to to contribute. me, you, lee. it is our duty. let us become the first generation to decide to be the last. let us become the first generation that decides to be the last that seize empty classrooms, lost childhoods and wasted potential. let this be the last time that a gun -- a girl or a boy spends their lifetime in a factory. let this be the last time that the girl is forced into early

child marriage. let this be the last time that a child loses life in a war. let this be the last time that we see a child out of school. let this and with us. let's begin ascending together, today, right here, right now. let's begin ascending now. thank you so much. thank you. [applause] [applause] [applause]

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[inaudible conversations] >> thank you. >> thank you so much. >> thank you for a wonderful speech. >> thank you. [inaudible conversations]

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in the final question time of

the year british prime minister david cameron answered questions from answers on the economy and relations with russia. he also condemned the recent attacks in australia and pakistan. from london, this is 35 minutes. >> questions to the prime minister. mr. oliver covell. >> prime minister. >> thank you mr. speaker. i'm sure the whole house will join me in condemning the outrageous that has have shocked the world in recent days. the siege of the café in sidney ended in tragedy but was accompanied by heroism so typical of the threat that great nation and we all grieve with the australians today. what happened several thousand miles away in a school in pakistan is utterly heartbreaking. a massacre of the innocents which has left the world known. the world stands head bowed with pakistan today. words can comfort that words cannot defeat the violence so let this be the moment when the

whole of pakistan when every nation comes together and says enough, we will act together to defeat this evil in our midst. mr. speaker i am sure the whole house want to join me in sending our warmest christmas wishes to our armed forces deployed across the road in particular in the middle east and afghanistan and west africa. we are forever indebted for the sacrifices they make on our behalf. >> and i associate myself with my right honorable friend's comments on the evil atrocities which took place in pakistan and also australia and offer the best wishes to our armed forces who may be serving abroad. today's unemployment figures showed with in the last quarter the southwest says the region with the largest increase in employment in the united kingdom. to continue to realize its full economic potential and to deliver the city deal does my right honorable friend agree that plymouth needs a faster, better more resilient railway

line and a three-point plan which was in the discussion last week with my right honorable friend? >> my honorable friend has conveyed over and over again the important improvements in these rail links and he knows what is being done to help the southwest in that regard. i received a presentation from the task force and we are going to take forward each of their three-point plan in the work we do in the future to make sure there's real resilient and better services for people in southwest. on the issue of unemployment figures in the west country are welcome in his own constituency has fallen by 42% since the election. let these figures show nationally, they show employment up, they show unemployment down, they show the claimant count falling for the 25th consecutive month and what i think is an important moment for the country country is on employment is now below 2 million and wages are rising faster than inflation, something

i'm sure will be welcome across the house. >> mr. speaker onta joined the prime minister in paying tribute to those murdered in the appalling massacre and pakistan. as we have become accustomed to tragic events of the slaughter of innocent children in their classrooms have shocked the world. we stand in solidarity with the grieving families and the people of pakistan and in the fight against terrorism. i also join the prime minister in condemning the terrorist attacks in sidney and our condolences go to the australian people. i like the prime minister pay tribute to our troops serving around the world. if your country proud and show the utmost courage and bravery. mr. speaker the independent office of budget responsibility established by the chancellor gave independent expert advice saying that his plans and i quote take total public spending

to its low share of national income and 80 years. why does he believe the opr has joined the bbc in a conspiracy against the conservative party? >> first of all can i welcome what the opposition says about the atrocities that have taken place. can i also welcome his welcome for the office of budget responsibility? we still remember the days of the fiddled forecast, the fake figures and all we have to put up with. but if he is going to, if he is going to quote the lbr he might want to read the complete quote and let me do that for the benefit of the house. it says about our spending plans the closest equivalent to the national accounts implies by 2019 and 2020 day-to-day spending on public services will be as lowest level since 2002 and 2003 in real terms. 2000 to 22,003 mr. speaker in my memory was after five years of a labour government when the honorable gentleman was adviser

in the treasury. presumably he is now going to tell us it was a time of appalling deprivation but i don't seem to remember that being the message at the time. >> ed miliband. >> he's been spent four years thing we spent too much and now he is saying we spent a little and the reality is he can't run away from the office of budget responsibility figures because they say in this is a full quote it takes total public spending to its lowest share in 80 years. is he saying they are wrong and the proportion of national income? >> it's a percentage of national income will be roughly the same as it was in 1999 after two years of a labour government. the fact is this, i think that after seven years of economic growth we should be having a surplus. we should be fixing the roof when the sun is shining. is the labour leader, is the labour leader really saying that

he doesn't think we should run a surplus ever? is that what you are saying? >> ed miliband. >> if he is just a little bit patient in four months time he will get to our sequester and i will get two hours. now let's talk. he knows what has happened. he knows what has happened is that the mask slipped in the statement. he has been revealed for who he really is. let's talk about the scale of the cuts to get to the 1930s vision. there are over 50 billion pounds more than the entire mom on spent on school half of what we have spent on the nhs and significantly more than in his parliament. if he really pretending that cuts on this scale will do massive damage to frontline services? >> we have to make difficult decisions and we have had to

every day since taking over the shambles that we have an heir to can now see that his -- which lasted for one week about caring about the deficit is over. this is what the institute for fiscal studies says about his policy. under the labour government they would be much more borrowing and therefore much more government debt. they haven't learned a single thing for the last four years. more debt, more taxes all of the things that got us into this mess in the first place. >> he is borrowing 207 billion pounds more than he planned and he has broken his promise. the difference is we will cut the deficit every year and he wants to go back to the 1930s. if that wasn't bad enough he has 7 billion pounds of unfunded tax cuts on top. now before the last election mr. speaker he said this. you can't talk about pat -- tax reduction unless you show how it can be paid for.

the public aren't stupid so what's it going to be, further cuts in public services or a rise in dag? >> what this government has shown is that you get on top of the national finances, if you grow the economy and cut taxes for 26 million people. isn't it interesting mr. speaker not a word from him about the falling unemployment. remember the predictions. they told us they would be no growth and then there was growth. they told us there would be no jobs and then there were jobs. they told us that jobs wouldn't pay ahead of inflation and now the jobs have pay ahead of inflation. they told us that the deficit would go up in the deficit has come down. they have nothing to say about their economy because they have been wrong on every single count. >> mr. speaker it may be fixed for his christmas card list but it isn't fixed for far too many

people in this country. and we didn't really answer the question did he? this is what he said that for the last election on the fifth of april 2010. we have no plans to put on dag and two months later he put up the hd from 17.5 to 20%. he has 7 million unfunded tax cuts and deficit economy and he know categorically rule out a rise in the i.t.? >> we don't need to raise taxes because we have a plan for efficiencies in spending. it's the party opposite that doesn't have a plan. he asks what has changed from real people over the last year. i will tell him. 588,000 people have a job this year who didn't have a job last year. unemployment has fallen, youth unemployment has fallen. you would have thought the labour party would welcome those things that mr. speaker this christmas. we should venture into the christmas spirit but i have to

say mr. speaker i have had my christmas present and it will be early. this is the documents being sent to every labour mp. in case they haven't had the time to read it let me advise them if they go to page 16, be patient. if they go to page 16 it's there in black and white. managing the economy is says, the conservatives have a 17-point lead. thank you. >> mr. speaker, mr. speaker i hope that christmas he gets to reflect on his ear. he has lost two members of parliament. he lost 26 in europe and he brought a whole new meaning to the phrase conviction politician when abby colson went to jail. the truth is he has given up on compassionate conservatism. they have been exposed for who

they really are. his plan for the 2020s is to go back to the 1930s. it isn't about balancing the books. it's about slashing the debt and in four months time that is the election's choice. >> what this has shown is on a day when unemployment has fallen inflation is down our economy is growing faster than anywhere else then i'm a jerk economy in the western world he has absolutely nothing to say. i can say mr. speaker i always feel sorry for the labour mps pot. they can't talk about debt because it's rising in me can't talk about jobs because we are increasing them. we can't talk about immigration because they been taught not to talk about immigration. this year it's a silent night.

>> thank you mr. speaker. >> order. the voice of dorset must be heard. mr. richard drats. >> first of all me i concur entirely with the prime minister's words on the appalling tragedies that have unfolded around the world. bearing in mind that continued success of our long-term economic plan. cut could my right honorable friend please reassure the house bearing in mind that any future cuts for armed forces will not come under a future tory or coalition government. >> i absolutely agree with my honorable friend that you can

only have a strong defense budget and strong defense forces if you have a strong economy and a clear long-term economic plan. our defense budget is the biggest in the e.u.. as the second-largest in nato. we meet the 2% guideline of gdp and what i can tell him is because of the success of our economic plan we are able to commit to over 160 billion pounds of investment in equipment and equipment support over the next 10 years and that is why you are going to see the aircraft carriers, the destroyers the future brigades the hunter killer submarines. we are seeing incredible equipment rolling off the production lines in our country to help keep us safe. >> mr. nigel dog smack. >> the terrible slaughter of innocents in pakistan yesterday shocked the world and is another example of obscene atrocities visited upon children in various parts of the world by these barbaric forces. another example was the attack

on 200 school children adopted in northeast nigeria in april of this year. at the time the government pledged their support to do what they can to assist those children. what can the prime minister do to provide reassurance about that in the commitment of british. >> prime minister. >> what we do in these cases to see what expertise and assets that we have that we can help bring to play to help those governments that are trying to combat these problems so in nigeria we did for you. back when the expertise of our fighter jets to provide imaging to try and help find the girls and we continue to work with the nigerian government in every way we can. with pakistan again we believe the pakistan government must confront terrorism in all of its forms and it is taking steps to do that. i think today's the day when we should really redouble our support in their efforts and the whole world should do the same to save the pakistan government wants to continue to act to root

out terror and none of this can be justified it has the support of the whole world britain included. >> binky mr. speaker. will the prime minister the prime minister time jamie and taking the businesses, schools, the college in organizing a week long, a weeklong festival of manufacturing and engineering in my constituency. the prince of wales and does he agree with me that by focusing on innovation and connectivity this government will deliver more exports and higher standards of living? >> i certainly join my honorable friend. the people i know this is an annual weeklong festival in the showcases local manufacturing success stories. when i visited his constituency we watched a 3-d bike being printed. it was extremely impressive. what we need is to continue with a long-term plan which is delivering a more balanced recovery with manufacturing growing as manufacturing growing as well as construction as well as services and our commitment

to increasing the number of apprentices to helping companies with r&d to keep tax rates low. all these things are delivering a strong manufacturing success rate for britain. >> mr. speaker millions of people will work extra hours this christmas in difficult and often low-paying jobs so they can send money to relatives living abroad. their remittances to sub-saharan africa alone account for more than donor aid but then money transfers will be hit by fees and charges often as high as 15%. five years ago the g8 committed to reducing this transfer tax to 5%. so will the prime minister join me and calling on the transfer companies to cut their charges for christmas as a first step to

meeting the g8 promise to families and some of the poorest countries in the world? >> the right honorable lady is absolutely right. to highlight the importance of remittances from a look at the amount of money that goes from our our country in the form of remittances to countries like somalia and others in sub-saharan africa in desperate need outweighed by a significant amount the amount of aid we are able to give to those countries i guess we should look at every week the canon we will help these take place. there've been problems in the past making sure that we apply money-laundering another potential issues to those and working hard on what we can do to keep the charges down. >> thank you mr. speaker. one of the characteristics of the meeting of the crisis was a trillion in debt.

>> my right honorable friend is absolutely right. one of the changes we have made since the crash is to put in place proper arrangements for the bank of england to call time on the level of indebtedness in the economy and to make sure that financial regulations of the mortgage market for instance is properly put in place. that is one of the important lessons. i have to say the party opposite one of the other important lessons is when you have had a long period of economic growth you should be trying to pay down your debt and aim for surplus. that is what fixing the roof when the sun is shining is all about. >> lewis brown. >> i welcome the fall in unemployment but it's still too high in the northeast of england. will you tell a house in my unemployed constituents with the principle candidates are for working age benefits cuts? >> for so let me join him in welcoming the ball in unemployment. as fallen in every region of the country over the last year in the northeast over the last year

unemployment is down by 100,000. that is welcome. in terms of this issue of addressing the cost of welfare i think we should be frank about this. i was discussing calmly earlier with the leader of the opposition. whoever is prime minister after the next election what is going to have to meet public spending reductions. we have a choice. if you leave the welfare bill as it is or is likely per you vote this afternoon to add 2 billion pounds the welfare bill that is what they're talking about this after nine, 2 billion pounds on welfare. you have to take that money out of education department or the health department or policing. we think you shouldn't do that. there are reductions in welfare that can be made. we will make them. i will keep taxes down and make sure we have good public services. >> mr. speaker for people starting their careers or for newly married couples or others the prospect of earning their first home is a much desired the difficult step so what is the

government doing to help young people in my constituency make that positive move? >> there are two vital steps we can take. the first is to help thousands of people in our country. i think over 70,000 people because what it does is enable people who are working hard to ever earn a decent seller you can afford the mortgage payments to take up that mortgage and buy that home because they don't need such a big deposit. as the first thing we should do. a second as i announce on monday we want to build starter homes that are 20% below the market price. these should be homes, not homes for rent but homes that young people can buy. they will be reserved for people under the age of 40 and again this is for people who work hard and want to get on into the right things for themselves and their families. they will have homes they can buy under conservative a conservative government. >> binky mr. speaker. a 78-year-old was left bleeding

on the kitchen floor from a fall and it took an hour and a half. is this indicative of the health service under your government? [inaudible] >> what is indicative of and are the nhs is the fact there are 100 more paramedics intuited more ambulances than when this government came to power. the reason for that is we didn't listen to the party opposite he said it was irresponsible to increase health spending. instead we put 12.7 million pounds into the nhs and where any ambulance trust falls down that's a matter of serious regret and should be looked into carefully and i look at this case as i do any other. >> thank you mr. speaker. as my right honorable friend agree with me that it is not unhelpful to discuss concerns about border patrols and immigration and anyone who thinks that is out to -- perhaps

they should be moved. >> i think my honorable friend is right. our job as elected politicians is to respond to people's concerns and address them and this is why i fear for the christmas of labor in peace. what they going to talk about? this says immigration but that's out of the question. they can talk about that. there's not much to talk about unemployment because it's promising. they have nothing to say about the deficit. they have spent one week telling us the deficit mattered before today and now spending 2 million pounds on welfare. i think leadership issues they want to skip over quite quickly. i think it will be a difficult time for them. >> thank you very much indeed mr. speaker. i don't know if the prime minister would would have received any christmas cards featuring husky dogs but perhaps he could tell us whether he agrees with his friend who has said the uk's groundbreaking

climate change act should be scrubbed? >> i haven't checked all of my christmas -- but i spent an hourand three three-quarters and productive liaison committee discussing climate change were the legislation we have in place is delivering cuts in carbon emissions and what we see by this government is the world's first green investment bank beating the rest rest of a world in doing that and we have doubled the amount of new investment going into renewable energy. compared to the previous two polar months. that's what's happening under our government. >> thank you mr. speaker. can the prime minister confirm that due to the long campaign led by my honorable friend from the north and of course the long-term economic plan my constituents can have an extended otj and look forward to the rebuilding of trace hospital? >> i know how hard my friend has

worked for this outcome and i'm happy to say the group has announced an extension to the opening hours of the chase farm urgent care center. this will be in place until the local urgent care review reports and further i can confirm the government has set aside 230 million pounds for the redevelopment of the chase farm sites. so that is very good news for the people of his constituency and his borough in london. what we are doing because we have long-term economic plan is investing in local health services. >> today there are 2.5000 fewer nurses and nhs compared to 2010. why? >> obviously he hasn't been studying the documents or the figures. today there are new figures on the nhs. let me give him the new figures. we were saying there were 2000 extra nurses under this government. mr. speaker that was wrong.

there are 3000 more nurses. we were saying until very recently that there were 7000 more doctors under this government. i'm ashamed to say that's wrong wrong too. there are 8000 more doctors and nhs is performing well because we have made reforms. >> can i commend my right honorable friend to some advice from karl marx? to win the european correspondent in the new york trip and observed answers should render great britain began yielding opponent of the russian projects of annexation and aggrandisement and in the rest of the russian scheme of annexation.

the interest of democracy and england go hand-in-hand. this my right honorable friend agree that the united kingdom, europe, the west and indeed the whole world one of our most important foreign-policy priorities should be to see that it expects a member of the security council and interests? >> i very much agree with my right honorable friend. i haven't spent as much time studying as much as he has or perhaps as a leader opposition has. i don't know what goes on in camden these days but what i would say is karl marx was right that the interest of the united kingdom and democracy do go together. we should stand up firmly against the russian aggression that is taking place. we lead the way in europe and making sure that there were sanctions and the combination of the lower oil prices and sanctions are showing that it is

impossible for russia to be part of the international financial system to try to opt out of the rules in the international legal system. that is what is being demonstrated and we should keep up the pressure. >> the levy control framework which is the total cost of energy bills and taxation by green targets will rise from 2.3 million in 2012 to 9.8 billion in 2020 at a time when many households are struggling to keep their homes. as my honorable friend agree? >> let me control the framework has been fixed and assess the overall amount of investment that can go into renewable energy schemes many of which are providing jobs for constituencies up and down the country often on the east coast of our country not the least were an enormous amount of investment is going into a book on that investment and i'm not sure what his view is. >> will the prime minister confirm that he ate and the chancellor deliver their plans

is built extending back to the level delivered by the labour chancellor but only because he was bound by an election pledge to stick to my economic plan? which he had inherited from a -- government. >> my right honorable friend gives us an important historical perspective than he does come back to this point. the party opposite seems to be basing their entire policy on some throwaway mark on the bbc on a monday morning. the truth is what is being envisaged is getting public spending back to the level it was in 2002 when he was sitting in the treasury. so i'm afraid this whole idea like all of his economic policies have collapsed within five minutes. >> thank you very much mr. speaker. the most recent oecd report from

the 163 on income inequality shows the u.k. economy is 20% bigger than the tax policies to 40% of citizens. can the prime minister consider seriously the policies over the next five years with tax cuts and harming the middle and low income people and raising the cost of living. order. the prime minister. >> i was just about getting the hang of it actually. i think the problem with the labour party's attempted narrative is it simply isn't true. they talk about inequality but inequality is lower than it was in the election could they talk about poverty but there are 600,000 fewer people in poverty than they were in the election. they talk about child poverty

but there are 300,000 fewer children in poverty than in the election. this afternoon we will be talking about children. there were 390,000 fewer children in households where no one works than they were in 2010. those are the facts. they may be inconvenient but you ought to take a look at them. >> my constituents charity workers were last week facing a tax bill of more than 8000 pounds as they moved into their first home. as reported in the "wall street journal" mr. ewing declared that he was blown away by the chancellor's statement and will be giving some of the 4.5 -- that he unexpectedly saved for charities. what message does last week's announcements send this christmas?

>> i'm rightful to my right honorable friend. the message that the statement sense is we are on the side of people who work hard and want to get on and earn their own home. we have cut the staff duty for the family so they can afford them and contrast with the party opposite. >> thank you mr. speaker. my constituents who is paying 12 pounds a week for the 72 pounds a week income on the tax was less to find out that actually spending on housing benefits as 4 million pounds higher than it was in 2010. when is this prime minister going to tackle the real causes of deficit spending which are low wages and high. >> the point is the labour party

have opposed every single change to welfare, every single change to housing benefits and this afternoon we are going to vote in this house for an extra 2 billion pounds in welfare spending. all this in the week when they are telling us how much they care about the deficit. it's completely incoherent and that is why the british public will never trust the labour party with the economy again. >> thank you mr. speaker. the recent announcement to extend this is widely welcome to our constituency however there is skepticism about that happening given the previous labor government in 2000. can my right honorable friend reassure us that the future conservative government can be relied on to deliver this? >> i can certainly get my herbal friend that assurance and i know he has campaigned to improve the

constituency and these brutes are absolutely vital. the reason we can give him that assurance is because we have a long-term economic plan that is delivering economic growth that we need seeing our deficit come down because we have made that success we can commit to these roads schemes. >> liz mcginnis. >> this government is using a range of methods and an increase in pensions to improve 1 million homes by march 2015. this provides real help toga people by taking money money off their bills and insulating their homes to ensure they are able to keep warm this winter. >> ms. mcinnis. >> thank you mr. speaker. that's an interesting response to my constituents, my constituents william soya burke has written to me to say how appalled he has that last year over 18,000 people in wales died simply because of the cold.

what guarantee can the prime minister give me that no more of my constituents will suffer in the cold this winter for want of a properly insulated home? >> what i would say to the right honorable lady that every excess winter deaths is a tragedy and 18,200 last year were too high but i have to say to her that is actually half the level of the excess winter deaths there were in 2008 at nine when the leader of her party was energy secretary so we will continue with a long-term work of the w war -- warm homes schemes to insulate people's homes. that is the right weight word. >> sir malcolm bruce. >> spending under this coalition government has risen by 4%. this is passed on to scotland where spending has been cut by 1%. kenny also be aware that a 70 million to your shortfall in funding and the responsibility for the crisis in scotland lies

from me with the scottish government. >> my honorable friend is right. we have increased spending by 12.7 billion pounds. that translates into a real term increase of scotland and wales have had the extra money to spend the labor in wales just to cut the nhs rather than to invest in it and in scotland the government has not translated the full amount of money. that is why when you look at figures yes we need to do better in england but her performance as well better than it is in wales or scotland or indeed in northern ireland and the moral of the story is you need a long-term economic plan and a conservative led government to deliver these advances. >> order. ..

to those who oppose the steps i am announcing today, let me tell you i respect your passion and liberty and commitment. but the question is how do we uphold that commitment? i don't think we can do the same thing for five decaddecades and expect the same results.

it doesn't make sense to try to push cuba toward collapse -- even if that worked, and it hasn't for many years, we know countries are better off when their people are not subject today chaos. we are calling for them to end the restrictions on their activities and in that spirit we should not allow united states sanctions to allow to the burden of citizens we seek to help. >> one of the most vocal opponents of the new policy is florida's senator marco rubio. he vows to block any attempts to expand the communication between cuba. he drew a difference between himself, the whitehouse and potential gop opponents in the

2016 presidential race. here is what he had to say to reporters today: >> this president is the single worst nugauche we have had in the whitehouse since i took over. let me close by reminding everyone that god bestowed on the cuban people the same rights he did on every man, woman and child that has lived. the cuban people, like all those oppressed, to stand up to the commitment and the god given right of every person for life and liberty. these are not just for people born in the united states but for people everywhere. it is unacceptable that the only

people in this hemispear don't know democracy is the people of cuba. that should go our overriding project and then the free cuban people can decide what they want. but the measures taken today will do nothing to bring about that day and in fact i fear will set it back. today by conceding to the processors, the administration and the president have left the people of cuba down. >> you can see all of the remarks from the president and the senator tonight on c-span. our coverage is available own line any time as well. we have been asking for your reaction on the change in cuba

policy. join the conversation on social media. do you support or oppose normalizing relations with cuba? log to know to facebook.com/cspan or use the twitter #cspanchat. >> good afternoon. i think i will call the meeting to order at the exact moment my blackberry says it is 2:30.

welcome, everyone, to what is virtually assuring the last meeting of congress. i think the building is relatively empty and we are relativety empty here as well but i am pleased we are here and i thank the witnesses for coming today. the clean air act requires epa to review national ambient air quality standards which if you initial lice it is naaqs which is pronounced as naaqs. they are required to review this every five years. the current 75 parts per billion ozone standard has been too high

since the day it was finalized by the bush administration back in 2008. that decision by the bush administration was so out of line that the scientific advisory committee actually pushed back after the fact and wrote a very unusual letter to administrator johnson telling him he had made a mistake and the number could not be justified. but given the priorities of that administration, the scientific advice wasn't reckoned with. that is where the standard was set and since then we have had false comfort that the air we breathe is safe. the revised version is based on

thousand of studies. this is a big deal in my home state of rhode island with the congressional research looking at the history of the air quality standards and has a map in the epa green book that shows non-attainment areas and my state and the good part of the east coast is whack in the middle of the area. there is a significant reason for that i will get to in a minute. providence and kent county's get f days for high ozone days in the state of the air report in 2014 and regretwe cannot do much about it because the problems are are out of state.

it is power plants that dodged protective plan and use tall hawaii -- hay stacks and the wind moves it from the northeast, the heavy coal burning area, and it comes and lands on us. it is as a deliberate path to ozone formation that pollutes the air and the lungs of people in downwind states like mine. the epa claims the protection will devastate businesses and economy. but when you look at history over and over again the claims are shown to be false and the contrary is usually true. in terms of cost and benefit,

the benefits in the health are three times the cost. epa's analysis shows that health benefits of a 65-70 parts per billion translates into economic benefits that, including california which already complies with this, would be $23 billion higher than the cost in 2025. the these bad air days are days when ozone levels are so high that is it is unhealthly for people like the elderly, infants or others to be outdoors. we get those in rhode island a lot vme lot. it is as a nice day, driving into work and you hear on the radio of the warning and advising people to stay in door.

the day of the people has been taken from them from out of state plants complacent about following the law. and as the climate warms up, the conditions are more common, more bad air days are likely therefore. the science advisory is recommending 60-70 parts per billion range noting that 60 billion offers here. and i hope the epa will set the standard of 60 parts per billion for the public protection. thank you for opportunity to testify today on epa's recently proposed updates to the air quality standards. because the air we breathe so

important to our overall health and wellbeing the clean air act requires epa the review this every five years to make sure they continue to protect the safety of americans. for at risk groups this is critical. establishing and implementing is a two-step process. first, setting standards and deciding what is clean air, and implementing the standards is two and requires states and tribes if they want to reevaluate. based on a thorough review of the science, and the recommendations of the agencies independent advisors, the

administration is going to strengthen to 65%. this is a proposal and the agency welcomes comments on all aspects on the proposal including setting it as low as 60 parts per billion and accept comments on the existing tool. the aqi is the tool that gives americans real-time information to help them make the best choice toes protect themselves and their families. we are proposing upgrades so the public has full disclosure about the health levels so everyone is notified when the ozone is approaching unhealthy levels. to protect the environment from

ground level ozone, the epa has proposed to advise the second standard within the same range to protect against the trees and the eco system. ozone poses a threat to health especially children, elderly, those with lung issues or who are active or work outside. these policies are designed to better protect families from this pollution. we estimate 70 parts per billion would yield 6.4-13 billion and that includes avoiding missed school days, less heart attacks

and other issues. the epa estimated an annual cost cost at 3.9 billion for 70 parts per billion. it is a ratio as much of 3-1 and meeting 65 parts per billion will have more benefits. this continues to be a federal, state and tribal effort. they have shown we can reduce ground ozone. levels have fallen pie a third since 1980 and 90% of the areas not meeting the standards in 1997 now meet those standards. we fully expect the progress to continue. existing proposal federal measures like vehicle standards and power plant rules are

leading to substantial reductions. exposures who ground level ozone, a key component of smog, can have serious consequence for or family's health and environment. we are looking forward to hearing what the public has to say about the proposal. there is a 90-day comment period and we will be holding three final hearings and work to complete the final standards by the 15th. >> let me welcome senator and it ma ma makes sense she is here because our states are on the receiving

end of the pollution. can you describe watt the methodology is going to be of compliance? cleaning up the smokestack? ways of the state? >> the states are ultimately responsible for designing plans to meet the standards and can cake take into account federal measures put in place. epa finalized tier three and that will provide substantial benefits so i will guess they will rely on those problems. >> is there a compliance regime that will help the states achieve the standarded are already in place and measuring the affect will be part of the

compliance? >> that is correct. >> do you expect there will be you regulations like with power plants? >> we have the mercury rule, cross state pollution, and the clean air act that is moving forward as proposal. there are other tools either we or states would look at. the cross state air pollution comes from the good neighbors in the prprevision of the clean ai act. we will work with states to see if there is downwind contributions in light of the other programs in place and we and the state would work together to put requirements together that might affect large sources like a power plant.

>> so a power plant owner looking at the proposed rule should expect the improvements in emissions they would be advised to make, for instance the good neighbor policy, would contribute to the ozone standard and helply reduce their ozone precursors as well? >> that is correct. it shows what the monitors show and any program helping the monitors show compliant air quality is helping. >> epa's analysis that the benefits are between 6-13 billion and the cost is around 4 billion -- that analysis isn't a first effort by the epa. you have looked at the question of cost benefit analysis for many years, have you not? >> we do >> what is the track record of your estimates?

>> >> we are generally conservative earnest mating the cost of the measures but in place. there is technology coming in at lower cost than we expected. >> so you are pretty confidant in the track record of your previous estimates and that gives you confidence that these estimates have merit? >> yes, and i should note that these are going to be up to the states to determine ultimately what makeathizs the most sense they will look for the most cost-effective approaches >> would cost that would be required to meet this standard also be costs that would be important to meeting the good neighbor rule?

>> we don't double count things. so if cost have already been assumed in other rules then we don't count them again here. so we try to make clear the cost for each rule or associated with that rule. >> senator? >> thank you so much, senator whitehouse, for sharing this hearing. i am eager to have a chance to address the epa's air quality standards for ozone. at a time when pictures of fog-filled foreign capitals are making pictures on the front of the world i believe america should take this seriously. we are long overdue for updated quality standards from the epa. this past april the american lung association announced their annual state of the air report and found more than 47 million

people live in countries are ozone or particle levels make the air unhealthy to breathe. levels of fog are much worse than last year and 22-25 most smog cities had more high smog days on average than last year. in the richest country in the world it is stunning that the air quality is moving back and we have to address thus. as the global temperatures rise, and it is clear they are doing so, the risk of fog continues to grow. i have heard from many parents who have challenges of asthmatic children and addressing this and it isn't just the kids. 36.5 million children under 18 in the united states live in

counties that have poor air quality and i find that concerning. i am very concerned about the levels of infections we have in the community and we are failing them. the southern california children's health study looked at children who grew up in more polluted areas and came to the conclusion that lung function for those kids dropped by 20% for what was expected. it is as if these children are growing up in a home where the parents smoke except the side effects came from playing outside. i have a couple questions to ask that i can submit to the record if we don't have enough time. >> take your time, senator, it is zest just us. >> ozone levels have been dropping parts of new york but they are still higher than 75

parts per billion in the summer mongs. what are some standards that will help us? >> i mentioned things going into affect in 2017 to reduce emissions from motor vehicles. in a populated place like new york and the east coast that will have a tremendous and very quick impact. reductions by power plants of naaqs will have an impact as well and that has been mentioned. ozone is a regional pollutant so reductions happening miles away helps reduce impact in local areas. there are a number of local measures that areas can take to reduce local emissions. many areas have put a lot of those in place and new york city and rhode island have certainly done that.

we know there continues to be reductions that can be done. >> thank you. throughout the history of the clean air act we have continually heard claims by polluters and other opponents of the standards that they cannot afford to clean up the emissions and it cost too much. the implication is we cannot have a clean environment and a healthy economy which is something i disagree with and we have not seen the dooms day predictions they predict every time. we are hearing it is too costly already and can you address the claims head-on and how do you sigh see the ability of the plants to adapt? >> the first thing to emphasis in response to your question is the decision the administrator

preposed and is out for notice today is all about what is the right level that means safe air quality. it is not about implication. this is about letting americans know what is the safe level in the air. i will go on to say over the last 40 plus years the clean air act has been in effect air pollution has decline bide 70% and the economy has tripled so the record doesn't bear out that a clean any and clean air don't go together. i share your view on that and we found that time and time again that american industry, american engineers have innovated and developed technologies that we didn't know existed at the time

the standards were established or existed but were not in widespread use or were costly and the cost came down and those technologies have become the norm like selective catalytic converters for cars and such. they are technologies that have developed and helped to bring clean air and grow industry and business in the country. >> thank you. thank you, mr. chairman. >> one last question with respect to the emags -- emissions -- from the power plants, how are they reduces? >> non-selective catalistic technology and other things like that.

>> thank you for your testimony. good luck with your rule. i know you have a lot of input ahead of you before you finalize it and thank you for your efforts. >> i will call the next panel now. all right. what i would like to do is to introduce the witnesses who are here and then invite them to

speak in order. our first witness is greg, who is an associated professor of epidemology at brown university school of public health. his work is focused on studying air pollution and the risk of cardio vascular disease. he has been doing ground-breaking work studying heat related deaths and hospi l hospitalizations in rhode island. rickey patton is next who is the counselor of the fund and manages the clean air programs.

patton worked at the epa's office of general council prior where she provided coun council on a variety of initiatives. she received her bs in hydrology. and we have the professor of pediatrics and cell biology at the washington university school of medicine. in addition to his work at the school, he is the president of the american thoracic society which is an international organization with over 15,000 members. he serves on the subboard of pediatric