>> we want to have time for -- we do want some time for russ roberts to sign books upstairs and we have a final presentation and i want to let you know we have an extra camera here tonight. we are being taped by c-span bad for some future showing. i will let you know on showtheinstitute.org which is our web site. and you can watch yourself and russ roberts all over again. [applause] >> thank you. a small token of our appreciation on behalf of the university. >> thank you so much, thanks for coming, folks. >> thank you all for joining us

tonight, thank you. >> you are watching booktv, television for serious readers. you can watch any program you see your online at booktv.org. >> national geographic, "mars up close" has been written by marc kaufman. what is your background to write about space exploration? >> my background is as a journalist long time and not as a science journalist. i was a foreign correspondent for the philadelphia inquirer and the washington post. what i learned was being in foreign countries is a good way of learning to speak to scientists. they are talking a different language, different culture, you spend time with them and work it out and you come up with some fascinating things. of phoenix >> what was curiosity? >> the rover on mars.

it is searching for ebola environments on mars and it found them. they found for the first time ever that life might have existed, could have existed on mars. my goal in this was to embed myself, jet propulsion team and i did for a year and half, kind of watched up close what they were doing and learning the ins and outs of all. >> seeing what you saw, is nasa money well spent? visited the investment for the u.s.? >> i sure think so. it felt like an honor to be spending time with these folks, brilliant, often very amiable and easy to explain to the public what they are doing and when you think about it, there are many things this nation does at the things it does best is go to mars.

there have been six successful landings on mars and all of them by nasa. it is not just coincidence. they are incredibly sophisticated and that doesn't mean they don't collaborate. there are a lot of other international agencies that work with them but it is really nasa. my view is this is kind of what a national government is all about about, to reach for bigger and better things to inspire folks and that is what going to mars is about. >> there are some beautiful pictures here. where did you get some? >> most of them were from nasa itself. they retaken neither by the mars rover, curiosity, or several orbiting satellites that take pictures and a putt color into them and you can then see features on mars we have never seen before. i am not sure the public has

fully understood what it is that nasa and others have done at mars. we now have a lot of orbiting satellites and rovers and it is a whole new world. there was a comet that came close to mars a few weeks ago. if it had been a little closer it would have been a huge, huge problem for nasa and in other words we are a space fairing society, civilization. we have assets of there that are worth a gazillion dollars and we almost lost them but we didn't. it was that kind of understanding that this is a whole new era that we are in. a lot of people think nasa and the space effort is kind of over. nothing could be further from the truth. >> "mars up close" is the name of the book, marc kaufman is the author. the forward is by elon musk,

founder and ceo of space x. you are watching booktv on c-span2. >> joining us on booktv is dennis johnson, co publisher of melville house which is publishing the senate intelligence committee report on torture. what is the purpose of publishing something that is in the public domain? >> for one thing it is not readily available as a print book and we felt that that was an important format for it to be in so it could circulate more widely, the more accessible to more people, be more affordable to most people. we also felt that the addition of it that was issued by the government which was a very low resolution edf format was difficult to read. it is not laid out and properly formatted like a book. it is just like a huge

collection of manuscript pages and very difficult to read because it is so resolution. very difficult to search. almost impossible to search in fact. we wanted to make a better edition of that so that i don't know if people really want to read that the way you would read a book but it is more useful for academics and things like that to be more searchable. >> how much of the report will you be publishing? will there be editing? commentary? >> we are publishing exactly what the government has released. the full report is over 6,000 pages long but it has not been declassified. what has been declassified was declassified in april and just released this month, was the summary report, issued by the senate subcommittee and that came with an introduction by the

head of the committee, that will all be included as well as all the notes verify and all the documents in freeport. we are not amending anything else to it. it should just be the court document, it is a historic document. richard not be with any other apparatus that would give it any bias or dilute the power of the pure report. >> what goes into publishing a book of this sort where the material is already written but you are organizing it? >> we are not organizing or changing anything. we are trying to make it readable. as i say it was issued as their were low resolution p d f, hard to scan, almost impossible to scan. it is a low resolution -- lots of corruption in the document if you try to scan it and say there is a smudge it might then be

translated as a word, might trigger repetition, or deletions. we had to take this document and retype it and reformat it just to be able to lay it out like a proper book so it would be much more readable than the addition the government issued. >> introduction, commentary? >> the introduction is part of the summary, an introduction to the findings of the committee written by senator dianne feinstein, head of the committee. >> have you published books like this before? >> no. we haven't been allowed to publish books like this before. previously the government has taken this report like the 9/11 committee report or the investigation the senate did into the financial crisis and awarded those books as if they were contracts to large publishers and gave them the reporter lisa that they could lay it out for the government

and publish those books simultaneously with the government's release of the document. i never understood why that was allowed. those are public documents. they should not be given preferential the to one publisher or another. they belong to the people of the united states. the government did not do that this time. senator dianne feinstein was opposed to it that, giving production money to some publishers to do this. senator dianne feinstein was opposed to that and didn't happen this time so those publishers without that advantage declined to do it so when we realize that was going on at melville house we decided these documents must exist as a print book, they must exist as more readable digital book so we jumped to do it as quickly as we could but there were all kinds of difficulties in doing that on short notice. it is called crashing a book. it is christmas time so it is

very hard to get into the system. booksellers order their books for the season, where houses are shipping those books, it is hard to get on the trucks to be distributed. it is hard to get printed. printers are very busy at that time of year. we had about five consecutive days at the team of volunteers staying up around-the-clock to basically wreak transcribe the book and the new transcription, compare it to the original, make sure we didn't lay it out and print it and it has been an amazing five days trying to jam that at christmas time. >> is it published as the paperback and e-book? >> it will be issued simultaneously. >> the new york times is reporting your initial print run

would be 50,000. is that accurate? >> that is accurate. at the moment. we are getting deluged with requests for the book not only from booksellers large and small but from libraries and all kinds of academics are contacting us to see how quickly they can get the book and so it is looking right now like that number may have to go up. >> when will it be available? >> the official publication date is december 30th. we will have the book printed and in our warehouse friday? three days from now so we will start shipping immediately. it may start popping up a little before the 30th and various independent bookstores but it will be fully distributed around the country and available on online retailers and recant more retailers independent bookstores and jane books was, you name it on december '32. ..

>> learn about abraham lincoln's ft to prevent slavery from expanding to the tropics. >> douglass kept saying does that mean you're against the acquisition of new territories, and finally after trying to parry the question for most of the debates, lincoln finally explodes in the fifth debate at galesburg, illinois, at knox college, and he just says if it means slavery going southward, yes, i would probably oppose that kind of acquisition. >> but first, we'll learn about

the history of flight at purdue university and speak with john norberg, author of "spacewalker: my journey in space," about purdue graduate, jerry ross. >> t minus 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4 -- we've gone for main engine start, we have -- [inaudible] america's first space shuttle -- >> beautiful. >> go! >> go, baby, go. fly like an eagle. go. >> we're at the flight simulator building at purdue university, and this is where a lot of things started in aviation. the purdue program of professional flight was the

first in the country to offer bachelor's degrees to pilots in the mid 1960s. and today it continues to be one of the best, most, you know, one of the finest flight programs in the country. we have so many people who have been so important. i can tell you that, you know, going back to the beginning, some of the country's most important figures -- billy mitchell, who was a world war i commander of the air forces, hap arnold, the father of the modern air force, were both trained to fly by purdue graduates. the first guy that got involved in flight from purdue was a guy named cliff turpin, and he graduated in 1908. his father sent him here from dayton, ohio, paid out-of-state tuition for his son to learn about internal combustion engines. we had great research going on in mechanical engineering, and by the time cliff left, they said he knew more about those engines than the fact faculty. and the plan was for him to go

back to dayton with his father, and he they were going to build motorcycles. and they did. they did start a motorcycle company. i've led cliff turpin's records in the smithsonian, in washington, d.c., the air spa exist museum. and he says in the evening near my house, i used to take long walks after dinner, and i would pass a workshop where the wright brothers were working,upyou kno, and i got to know them and everything. i don't believe a word of that. cliff turpin at that time was a 22-year-old guy, he loved internal combustion engines, he loved the smell of oil and grease, e loved the noise, he loved to make engines smaller and more powerful. he knew the wright brothers in 1908 were making on airplanes. he made a beeline for their workshop, and when they found out he was a purdue engineer, they hired him. they needed him because they weren't -- they needed his technical experience. so cliff turpin helped the wright brothers improve their engine and improve their controls. and then, guess what? he wasn't satisfied with that,

he wanted to fly. so orville and wilbur taught him to fly, and he became one of the wright brothers' original exhibition fliers who went around the country demonstrating flight to people. he had to go to his father and say, dad, you know, that money you invested in my education so i could build motorcycles with you? well, i'm going to go fly airplanes with these guys down the block, and his dad said, okay, i guess i would do the same thing. a short time later the motorcycle company was bankrupt, and cliff you are the pip was one of the most -- turpin was one of the most famous people in the country. these exhibitions were a big deal. they demonstrated flight to 200,000 people in chicago or 5,000 people at a county fair. they boxed those planes up in crates, transported them by train and took them out and showed what people could do. no one would believe flight until they saw it themselves. every article i've realize says

when the plane left the ground, there was absolute silence. absolute silence. and then just a huge roar came up because they realized what they were seeing for the first time. finally, cliff turpin got out of flight. he had a terrible accident in seattle. his airplane ended p up going into a crowd in a grandstand, propeller spinning, people were killed, he was injured. the next day his best friend was injured, and that was about 1915, and he never got on an airplane again, although he lived into the space age. from there, you know, we can go on and talk about a man named george haskins. george haskins was a world war i pilot. he continued in the air force after world war i. he was stationed in dayton. in 1919 he flew an airplane onto the purdue campus, landed it right here at purdue. and he came with a petition, waving a petition. it was when the board of trustees was meeting. it was june. he said i wish to start an aeronautical engineering program here at purdue.

within a couple years, i -- they did start the program as part of mechanical engineering. mechanical engineering has been the root of so many different fields of engineering. it was one of the first in the country. it wasn't the first, but it was one of a handful. george haskins eventually left the air force, came to purdue and headed up that program which was floundering. it had a new person every year, it was not doing well, so he headed it up. all the records say he just worked day and night to build that program into one of the greatest programs in the country. when world war ii started, he was taken back into the military, he never returned to purdue. but he had built something special here. he had started something special here. after world war ii aeronautical engineering was separated from mechanical engineering and became its own program, its own school. it is now one of the best in the country, one of the hand. of the -- handful of the best. george haskins lived a long

life. july, 1969, he was in his home, retired in pasadena, california, and he watched this man who was born in the 1890s before flight happened who was a world war i pilot, watched a man walk on the moon, neil armstrong, who had been the program he created here at purdue. >> i'm going to step off the landing. that's one small step for man, one giant leap for man kind. >> some people, like billy mitchell and george haskins, realized the importance that air travel was going to play not only in warfare, but in transportation in this country. as we go on, you know, it just comets and continues with purdue -- continues and continues with purdue graduates. by 1924 a purdue graduate, frederick martin, from indiana was the most experienced pilot in the army/air force.

he headed up a group of four planes. the plan was to fly around the world. three years before lindbergh. they were going to stop every night. they'd fly so far, and they'd stop. they were able to go through land areas as the allusions and over to -- alieu chans and various points. the whole trip was planned and organized by frederick martin. unfortunately, he was lost in a huge blizzard in alaska and was not able to finish the trip. and in a way, you might have thought he lost his place in aviation history, but he didn't. december 7th, 1941, guess who's in charge of all air corps in hawaii? frederick martin. and it turns out that frederick martin and his counterpart in the navy named bellinger had written a report predicting the japanese attack on pearl harbor to the letter, exactly what was going to happen, what time it

was going to occur, what day of the week it was going to occur. they had it all down. some of the most exciting things, you know, start happening in aviation at purdue right before the war and right after the war. in 1947 -- 1937 a man comes here named george wells. he comes from delaware. he wants to be a pilot. he doesn't finish at purdue, he finishes in the army. he's drafted, goes into the army, becomes a pilot. december 7, 1941, he is in hawaii. his plane's out at a rural ourfield. frankly, he was -- airfield. frankly, he was out all night playing poker and having fun, and george well, came back to his barracks just as the attack started. he got in the car and raced out to his airplane at the remote airfield which was portrayed in the movie, "pearl harbor." >> what is the navy doing practicing this early in the day? ♪ ♪ >> they look like jets.

>> i didn't even know the jets were -- >> you didn't give me no god damn airplanes. >> and he got up, and he was able to shoot down four japanese airplanes that day. it was most success any single pilot had, and he became quite the hero. flight is one of the most incredible stories in human history. we went from december 17, 1903, july 20, 1969, kitty hawk to the moon in less than 66 years. that's incredible. purdue and mit have graduated more astronauts than any other nonmilitary university, and we've gone back and forth with who's first. but, you know, purdue and mit have just helped lead this among private -- among public universities for quite a while. many of our astronauts learned how to fly here at the purdue airport. many of our astronauts were in rotc, you know, and learned their flying experience here. neil armstrong came here, he was already a pilot. he learned to fly at 16 years

old. but he flew into this airport. so if they didn't learn to fly here, they flew into this airport from their homes and from business trips they had. and our astronauts come back frequently. neil armstrong was very, very close to purdue. gene cernan is very, very close to purdue. they come here, they talk to the students. they're pilots. before they were spacemen, they were pilots, and they love airplanes, and they love to fly. and now what are we doing? we're landing crafts on mars. and by the way, purdue graduates are very much involved with those missions to mars. >> one of our more prominent astronauts is jerry ross. jerry ross grew up in northern indiana in a town called crown point. he grew up outside of town on a farm. his dad worked in steel mills in gary. his grandparents on both sides of the family were farmers, and one of his family had ever been to college, not one person. he was born in 1948. he grew up in 1948. you could look up at the stars and see a lot more stars than

you can see today. and both he and his best friend remembered the story vividly. they were lying on a haystack on a summer evening looking up at the sky and looking at all the stars. you know, this would have been the early '50s. and jerry said, you know what? someday people are going to go up there, and i'm going to be one of them. and his friend said, oh, yeah, sure. jerry said, no, i'm serious. someday people are going to go up there, and i'm going to be one of them. jerry had parents that encouraged him, he had teachers that encouraged him. when sputnik went up in 1957, the space program really began, and he began to see possibilities where he could realize his dream. he knew that these people i've been talking about, had gone to purdue as astronauts and he decided what i have to do to be an astronaut is go to purdue and become an engineer. and so he did. he worked very hard, and he saved money. he worked all summer, he didn't go to dances, he was out working on farms raising must be to pay for his purdue -- raising money to pay for his purdue due

mission. jerry ross came to purdue, he joined the rotc. he wanted to become a pilot because that's what he thought he had to be, and he took an eye test, and they told him sometime in the future, maybe when he was 40, he he would have to wear glasses, and they rejected him as a pilot at that time. probably could have appealed to it, but he was a boy, he didn't know that he could appeal that kind of stuff. so he thought his dream was over: but he kept going, he kept going. he got trained in engineering, he got specialties in ram jets. he got assigned to wright patterson air force base, and about this time they started talking about the shuttle program. the shuttle program was going to bring in astronauts who were not pilots. they were engineers, and they were scientists in other fields. he had another chance. and he was offered an opportunity to go to become flight engineering training at edwards air force base. the top place in the country. the top program in the country. the place they were getting the new astronauts from.

but he had made a promise to the commanding officer at that, at wright patterson, that he would stay there for one year. so when they offered him that chance, he had to turn it down. and you know what happens when you turn down great opportunities, you don't often get offered it again. but he did. he did get offered it again. he went to edwards air force base. he end up graduating -- end up graduating first in his class, eye signed to the b-1 bomber which was being tested. he applied to nasa, and guess what happened? he was rejected. when i get rejekylled for something i think, well, you know, i pout, i complain, i moan and groan. but that's not what jerry did. what jerry did is call the person in charge of picking astronauts. he cold called them and said, hey, my name's jerry ross, i applied for your program. i didn't get picked, what did i do wrong? and the man said, well, you know, you were pretty close. why don't you come down here and work for us and try again, and that's what he did. he went down there and went to work for nasa, tried a second

time and was picked. he's one of only three people who served in the space program throughout the shuttle program. jerry ross, who lay on a haystack in the early 1950s before anyone had been into space ended up launching into space more times than any other human being. he's been launched seven times, and that is tied for first. he also ranks third for number of space walks. i think he actually ranks second, but the government refuses to acknowledge one of those missions because it was top secret. well, it was not really important to jerry whether he was number three or number two in the world in spacewalks. but it was important to me. i wanted to find out. and so i, i did the freedom of information acts with all kinds of government agencies. everything from the cia to the air force to the department of defense. i finally found someone who was responsible, and they finally, you know, they said this is not our flight, this is not our

flight. finally someone says, oh, yes, this was our flight. it was a late 1980s flight. it was during the reagan era when people were talking about "star wars", you know, doing some kind of protection against nuclear bombs and everything. anyway, they launched, we think they launched satellites during that mission. so i asked them i don't want to know what the mission was about, i don't want to know what they did, i don't want to know what happened, all i want to know is did jerry do one or two spacewalks on that mission? well, they went to the very last day, and i got the letter from them saying we aren't going to tell you. so i called them, and they said, oh, yes, i'm very familiar with this. we thought about this long and hard, and we appreciate what you're saying, but we're not going to tell you. and i said, come on, you know? it's a long time ago. just tell me the spacewalks. they said, no. and they said, well, now, you know, you can appeal this, don't you?

and i said, ye, and i probably -- yes, and i probably will. they said, that's fine, we're going to turn it down again if you appeal it. so i left it alone at that. jerry ross saw everything in the shuttle program. he was there when the first shuttle went up, 1981, john young as the lead pilot. he was there on the runway when the last shuttle landed in july of 2011. opened the door, let them out, went in and, you know, ended the program. so he saw the whole program. when he wasn't flying as an astronaut and helping to build the space station, he was helping design training maneuvers. he helped to design and build the new, the pool they had down there where they do their training for building the space station. much, much bigger fools than they had -- pools than they had before. he helped to design tools, and he trained for his own mission. they do a lot of work all the time even when they're not assigned to a mission.

jerry ross was with nasa when the, you know, two of of the three worst tragedies occurred. you know, first, our astronauts, gus grissom, roger chaffee along with white were killed in an accident during the apollo program january of 1967. next we had the accident of the challenger in the early '80s. jerry was actually assigned to that mission for a short period of time, but he was moved around. hehe was not at florida when tht accident happened. he was in another place getting ready for his own flight. they watched it on tv in complete disbelief. >> challenger, going low.

>> 9 nautical miles, down range -- [inaudible] >> flight controllers are looking very carefully at the situation. obviously, an engine malfunction. we have no downlink. >> and in the book we talk about quite a bit about how he and the other astronauts reacted to that. they did not know about this problem. they were not aware of it. this is something that no one had ever told them, although it

was known, the issue was known. and jerry and the other astronauts had to make a decision. they have families, they have wives, did they want to continue in this program, or did they think it was time to leave? he decided he needed to continue in the program, but he was not at all happy with the decisions involving the launch of the challenger. when columbia blew up, broke apart over texas, jerry was standing on the runway at the kennedy space center waiting for that plane to arrive. and just minutes -- you can imagine how close it was from texas to florida at the speed the space shuttle travels. he was there, the families of the passengers were there. jerry helped two of the people on that flight get their seats on that flight. he was one of the last people to see them when they closed the door before they launched. he was close to these people. they were all friends. and the plane was late. and there was no explanation. and first they herd we've

lost -- heard we've lost, you know, radar contact, we've lost sound -- >> we did not copy your last. >> roger -- [inaudible] >> columbia houston, uhf come check. -- com check. >> charlie calling columbia on uhf frequency as it approaches the merritt island tracking station range in florida. twelve and a half minutes to touchdown according to clocks in mission control. >> marty, can you on -- confirm that the dms folks at the dallas area have been mobilized to the extent we're able to? >> yeah, rcc, the rescue coordination center, is mobilizing to that area, and they seem like they can help us.

>> copy. >> and finally, they realized they'd lost the shuttle. and jerry had to help gather the family together, get them out of there, take them back to the crew headquarters at the kennedy space center, get them together and help to tell the families what had happened. he then arranged to fly them back to houston, and he himself then immediately flew to a base in louisiana and was head of cleanup from that accident for the next three months. it was very emotional, very, very emotional for him. they found, you know, not only pieces of the spacecraft, but personal items of his friends. and it was a very hard time. so jerry experienced the highs

and lows of the space program from 1979 to january of 2012 when he retired. jerry talked about being in space as being in his own little cocoon. and it was just jerry inside that space suit, and universe was around him. there was no one else there. he was all alone out there. and he felt a very closeness to god. he's a very religious person. he's a methodist and felt a very religious experience out of the whole thing. he talked about, you know, at one point leaning back and relaxing and just looking, looking up at the stars and looking at the universe. he talks about looking down at the earth. jerry used to not get much sleep on the space flights because he would get up during his space time and go up to the flight deck which was above where they slept, and he would look out the window. he was a window guy, had his

nose against the window all the time looking at the earth and seeing things on the earth. always amazed at how the earth looked from space. and he studied the earth before he went up there, studied geography so he would know what he was seeing. you know, his description of the experiences was absolutely amazing to describe what a launch felt like and what it felt like to land. jerry's retired from nasa. he's, he gives a lot of talks. we, both of us do programs on the our book, "spacewalker." jerry goes around the country doing that. earlier this year he was inducted into the astronaut hall of fame, and he's written a children's book with a person here at purdue, and they're promoting that. so he's still very active. jerry really likes to talk to young people, and that's anybody from elementary school, you know, through college. he likes to talk to them and encourage them and help them get motivated and study hard and see

what they can do in their lives. there's a school up in crown point named for jerry ross, an elementary school, and he loves that. he goes and visits that often. people need to explore. we need to look beyond ourselves. we need to do that. one of the things that really improved education in the s.t.e.m. fields, science, technology, engineering, math, one of the things that really got that going in the 1960 was the sprays program, the moon -- the space program, the moon race. it encouraged kids to study engineering, study these different fields. and gene cernan is very big on this, we need to inspire our young people to study in these fields, and one way is by giving them opportunities to do these kinds of things. what could be more fun than flying to mars? flying back to the moon? finding out what's out there? going into the unknown? we have to do that. that's human nature. human nature wants to explore and see what's out there and find answers to the questions. >> during booktv's recent

visit to lafayette and west lafayette, indiana, we spoke with the author of "slavery, race and conquest in the tropics," robert may, who provides a history of abraham lincoln's efforts to prevent slavery from spreading. >> i decided to do this project after i stumbled upon something very curious in rereading the lincoln/douglass debates several years ago. everyone assumes that when they held their famous debates in 1858 that they were discussing wheeling kansas, that -- bleeding kansas, that most of their arguments when it came to the territories were other whether or not kansas would be slave or free and whether steven douglas' famous act had allowed slavery into kansas. but i suddenly realized that in six of the seven debates, they were also arguing over whether slavery would go southward,

whether it would go to cuba, whether it would go to mexico, whether it would go to central america. and that douglass kept pinning lincoln down. lincoln had said he wouldn't let slavery expanding anywhere, and douglass kept saying does that mean you're against the acquisition of new territories? and finally lincoln explodes in the fifth debate at galesburg, illinois, at knox college, and he just says if it means slavery going southward, yes, i would probably oppose that kind of acquisition. douglass felt he had trumped lincoln on the issue because most americans favored territorial expansion. but in the long run, lincoln's position helped him get elected president of the united states. lincoln was very worried about the future of slavery in the union. the viewpoint of lincoln and his new republican party was that they did not need to threaten

slavery where it already existed in the union. some radical abolitionists like william lloyd gairsson wanted finish gairsson wanted to begin the abolition of slavery immediately even in the southern states. but lincoln and his party realized that the constitution gave certain protections to slavery as an institution, and they realized if they threatened slavery directly, they'd be looked upon as a marginal party and would never win enough votes to hold major offices at the national level. and so most republicans like lincoln took the position that they could not interfere with slavery in the southern states themselves. but, on the other hand, they also took the position that slavery, like cancer, needs to spread to survive. and if they could contain cancer -- and in some ways, this sounds like our strategy for communism in the 1950s and

1960s -- if they could just contain slavery where it already was, they could bottle it up and send it on its way to its eventual destruction. that slavery needs to expand to survive. so lincoln and his party took a very strong stand against slavery expanding everywhere. and this was not just to kansas. most famously where douglass opened the territory up to slavery where it had been previously prohibited. but lincoln and his party took a very strong stand against the ongoing movements in the ten years, fifteen years before the civil war to spread slavery southward. now, cuba at the time was already a spanish colony. it had a flourishing slave system, and it was probably most southern expansionists' prime objective. if they could get cuba into the union, if we could acquire it

somehow from spain, you might even get two or three slave states out of cuba. but southerners also had their eyes on mexico which was going through civil war and much chaos through much of this period. they figured it was an easy target, and maybe you could spread slavery into mexico. and further south into central america. and their hopes were really encouraged when in 1855 a tennessean with a small group of men intervened in a nicaraguan civil war and over the next year gained power there. this tennessean's name was william walker, and he gaped so much power in -- gained so much power in nicaragua that in july of 1856 he had himself inaugurated president of nicaragua. and then two months later walker legalized slavery there. and although walker was kicked out of nicaragua the next year by an alliance of the central american countries, for the rest of his life until he died by a

firing squad in honduras in 1860, walker kept trying to go back to central america, reconquer nicaragua, maybe take the whole area. and in trying to raise new troops for his expeditions, he constantly said that he was fighting the battle of the south to spread slavery. it was known as a filibuster n. those days the term had a totally different meaning than it does today. it meant private american citizens put together military expeditions to invade foreign countries. and there were many of them. there were private expedition cans against mexico -- expeditions against mexico almost every year. walker was most successful of these expeditionists. he actually conquered nicaragua. filibustering was against the law, but walker succeeded. now, when he gets down to nicaragua, there's a big dispute in the united states. should we support him? and then when he gets kicked out

of nick nicaragua and tries to o back, the u.s. president deploys the navy against walker returning to nicaragua. president james buchanan actually has marines land on nicaragua's soil, he has u.s. naval ships train artillery on walker's camp. southerners are furious, and douglass stands up in congress and defends the right of americans to reinvade nicaragua saying it's lawful, that once they're outside u.s. territorial waters, the president has no right to interfere with them. now, the republicans back the president even though he's of the other party, and lincoln is against these filibusters and talked about filibustering in the lincoln/douglass debates. once he gets the nomination and he learns that southerners aren't buying his nomination and

they're opposing him, his campaign becomes more of an effort to save the union. but it becomes a very important part of his attempt to get the presidential nomination and helps explain why he gets the actual nomination to run against lincoln. and then, of course, after the election's over when the dust clears, lin lincoln's elected, douglass then throws his support behind that last ditch compromise effort that gets out there in the winter of 1860-1861 to save the union, and the compromise's main proposal is that slavery should be allowed, basically, in any u.s. territory hereafter-acquired in latin america. douglass will let slavery expand south to get more expansion and to save the union. and at times douglass even talks about annexing the whole hemisphere to the united states including canada. he is one of the greatest

expansionists in american history. he should be put up there with thomas jefferson, andrew jackson and james k. polk as one of the leading expansionists of the 19th century. i came to realize as i kept probing into this issue that the way lincoln and douglass were arguing about this was kind of a microcosm of the coming of the civil war. southerners like jefferson davis and alexander stephens, robert tomb, leaders of the confederacy, the vice president of the confederacy, the first secretary of state of the confederacy, that they all had their eyes on tropical areas and that many northerners of both parties were concerned about it. many democrats like douglass didn't care that much if slavery went southward. they were interested in getting new territories. but lincoln and sue ward and the republican -- seward and the republican party, their hearts

were set against slavery expanding anywhere. and they felt that if they wanted to stop slavery over the long run, they had to stop it over the short run. any territorial designs on the tropics were just as dangerous as slavery moving onto the western plains and crowding out western farmers. the reasons why americans of both the north and the south were interested in latin america, for one thing the nation had a tremendous -- [inaudible] with places like cuba and the dominican republic, had a tremendous trade. cuba was a major suspect for, especially, new york city and new orleans' merchants. and so there were all sorts of economic trade interests. western farmers had the idea that they could ship more flour to cuba. the idea was, though, if cuba was controlled by southerners, it might not be as good a market for westerners. southerners had the idea that

they would trade more with cuba. some of them who weren't doing that well in the united states might pick up plantation land in cuba, perhaps take their own slaves there, perhaps get new slaves. there was talk in the south of going to cuba for plantations. other southerners had their eyes on mexico and central america even though at that moment slavery didn't exist in either place. when mexico became free of spanish rule earlier in the century, they had abolished slavery. the central american states had all abolished slavery, but perhaps it could be reinstated there. and the american adventurer, william walker, who conquered nicaragua wrote an autobiography called "the war in nicaragua." it was published right on the

eve of the civil war, and he said that nicaragua was suited for american slavery and that americans not only should import new black slaves from africa, but they should enslave the darker-skinned latin americans. the question is why didn't expansion southward continue after lincoln's election? well, for one thing lincoln himself had been anti-expansionist throughout his whole career. and so his administration was anti-expansionist. if you compare it to recent administrations, recent presidents before lincoln, most of them did have an agenda to expand southward. presidents james k. polk, franklin pierce and james buchanan all tried to buy cuba. so lincoln puts us on a separate course. now he didn't have to worry about slavery going there. the south was out of the union,

and if the north wins the civil war, slavery's going to be abolished. that's obviously by the time of the emancipation proclamation. but now he's got to deal with a serious race problem, where are the freed slaves going to go? and one way he tries to win over the north is by coming up with a program -- and by the north, i'm including the slave states that stayed in the union like kentucky and missouri -- one way to win over the north is to present them with a program of colonizing blacks in the tropics. my book argues that what lincoln seems to have envisioned in latin america was not a place where he could send blacks because they were inferior or because he was strongly racist, but rather he looked at latin america as a place like the west was to white settlers who needed a new start in life. white settlers who came from eastern cities like new york or

cleveland or philadelphia and went out to the plains of kansas for a new start. he looked at the tropics, i think, as a place where african-americans facing prejudice in the united states, in his own state of illinois had some of the most prejudicial laws against blacks of any state in the whole country, so he was very sensitive to racial prejudice. i think he believed that blacks could go to latin america and make a new life for themselves free of u.s. prejudices, the prejudices of the typical white american. and all of his negotiations are for small areas of land within established countries where blacks can settle. they will become citizens of these new countries. when they're sent down to haiti, it's with the idea that they've been given advance permission to gain haitian citizenship. it's not that they will carry

their u.s. citizenship into these areas and then solicit the united states to take them over. he never talks about forcing african-americans to leave the country. he never suggests that all african-americans should leave the country. he says that some african-americans should be given the chance to go abroad and establish a new life. there was an experimental expedition sent out of 500 african-americans that were taken by the united states by private contractors down to an island off the southwest coast of haiti, and it didn't work out. it was a horrible failure. i think although these issues have been ignored in the past, i really would predict that they'll be given more attention in the future, and i'm very much

hoping that people will come to terms with the argument in slavery, race and conquest that the lincoln/douglases rivalry -- perhaps the most famous political rivalry in our history -- partly had to do with the future of slavery in latin america. >> and while in lafayette and west lafayette, indiana, we toured von's book shop, the first bookstore to open in the area. >> right now we're in von's book shop about a block or so from purdue university. the store began a block from here in the apartment my wife and i were in. over the course of time, we kept expanding, and we've moved from this spot to the adjoining spots as well with other products. when my wife and i came to town, virtually every book we wanted we had to special order.

there was no real general bookstore in the lafayette or west lafayette. and she continued to have people recommend books to her to read, and they'd say you ought to read in this too, but you'll never find it in town. at one point we just said why don't we just go ahead and start ordering some of these things? we're in the main new book department right now which is crammed from front to back. might wander down an aisle and see how things are just packed in with lots of single copies of things throughout the shelf. we're rarely interested in lots and lots of the same thing, but we want the best and widest selection possible. we move out of the book department. the other kinds of things that we've done to bring customers in

to help support the overall store kind of begin in these other areas. we have the only bead store in town, and beads are everywhere. the walls up high nobody can reach, but we have hooks where people can go to strands that are hanging around the wall. probably one of the most striking ones when somebody walks in the door if they're interested in beads, it's always fun to watch how big their eyes get when they see the huge selection that's here. lots of people end up making their own jewelry, making gifts for friends. there are a lot of our customers who sell their products to other people. >> yeah. i came up with this knotting

technique -- >> oh, that's interesting. >> be willing to buy some bracelets. >> behind or farther back than this one, there's another little remote area which is the rock and crystal room. there's no rock shop anywhere near us, and this grew out of just having one box of some tumbled stones that would be of interest to kids to pick up and collect. we just kept adding more and more. areas that have changed over time include the video area which is going away. we started in 1978 or '79, and for 20 years we bought vhs movies to where we had over 4,000 things in our library -- 14,000 things in our library and a huge investment. but last year the amount of

purchases was less than the amount of rentals because most people are doing things digitally, and they're downloading netflix. so we're having to let that area go away. music still is here though. we still do dvds, i mean, cs -- cds, and we still carry vinyl, although it's not three for $10 as it was when we started. and we compressed it into a narrower amount of space because music was a bigger thing but, again, more of it is taking place now online. but we pack a lot down this aisle with cds and vinyl at the end. unfortunately, there's never enough space, so we've got boxes of things on the floor.

although i'd like to even do more than we do now. it's, there's not enough room. i also wonder if music is going to be moving in the direction of video or it's all downloaded. actually in music the vinyl is the one thing that's been growing in the last couple of years. down here we're in the used book department. if we glance down any of the aisles, you can see we're just packed floor to ceiling and trying to figure out if we can take any of our existing storage space and maybe make more room for the used books. this month we bought a large estate which was a former english professor who passed

away and added probably over 1400 of her books. but we also bought from three different book sales where we came back with, oh, 25 cartons of things from one and probably more than 60 cartons from another. my garage at home is filled with things because i've got to go through and pick out the best, clean them up because some of them have got writing on them or stickers on them. we try to clean them up before they get here. in this area bothers me the most because it looks almost the most disorganized because we're overflowing with the things onto the floor and boxes that just haven't even been processed yet. but without the used book department, there are a lot of things that are unavailable

anymore that we wouldn't have access to. we do sell some of the more unique ones online, so i guess we're either aiding the competition -- [inaudible] if online is the way books are going to be in the future. one thing that perhaps sets our bookstore apart from a lot of bookstores is that we have focused on selection and have been willing to buy single copies of things rather than have are a stack of -- have a stack of just the bestsellers and try to work on volume of small numbers of things. but it's always seemed important to us that you needed to have all of the basics, and we kept adding and adding and adding as we began. when we started the store, it was -- well, my wife and i both had other jobs, and we invested every single cent in buying more books for ought seven years -- for about seven years before i

think we took the first dollar out of store. so we kept building the selection. and it still increases. i mean, there are things that probably wouldn't get exposure at all in town if we didn't add a copy of them. but we always thought that that was just part of what was needed to be a really good bookstore. there was a point in time where we actually thought we had maybe one of the largest paperback selections in the country before dawn of all the megastores that were really large. but even then we crammed so many things into a tiny space. i think if we merchandised like other people did, we'd have to have a store ten times the size that we do and have everything faced out and lots of quantities. but to be efficient and not go

in the hole, you just work with fewer copies of things and reorder them immediately. you can continue to have a wide selection if you don't just focus on the hits or the bestsellers. with all the aukes auxiliary the have in the store too, we just kept saying, well, if those first ones we had were good, maybe a wider selection is better. so we continued to administer things on. -- add more things on. the store has continued for this long probably just because my manager, gene martin, and i both like books. we have kept them here. there's certainly been financial ups and downs, and there are things that could have caused us just to quit, but we've tried to find other ways to support what we're doing. that's some 47 years later we're still here.

this was not what my wife and i intended to do, but it just sort of happened. i think it's been a very pleasant run, and i hope it goes on a little while longer. >> this weekend booktv is in lafayette and west lafayette, indiana, with the help of our local cable partner, comcast. during the trip we visited purdue university's collection of rare books and medical research on the use of psychoactive substances. >> this man is not a neurotic or an alcoholic, he is a terminal cancer patient. his name is kenneth pew. he is only 39 years old. he is married, that's his wife jo at his side. he is the father of two teenage

sons. until two years ago, he was a robust baltimore welder. >> i have this hard-driving pain. it's almost impossible to sleep. >> this is his last in a series of therapy sessions preparing him for psychedelic drugs, drugs that will open his mind, make him better able to cope with the physical pain that racks his body and the mental anguish that effects his mind as he wrestles with the prospect of dying young, of leaving a wife and two children behind. doctors here believe he must express those fears and anxieties to himself and to his family. they believe that psychedelic drugs combined with psychotherapy make that expression possible. >> stay with it. ♪ ♪ >> we're in the purdue archives and special collections vault, and this is where all our

collections are stored. this collection came about in 2006 at the request of a purdue professor here. and he was concerned that all the research that had happened in the 1960s was being lost because the people who were active in that research are getting older, and all their research materials are kind of disappearing. and he thought it would be great if there's a safe place for all this stuff. so his friend, betsy gordon, provided funding to support an archivist that actively collects these materials. or and that's how the collection came about, and it's been slowly growing for six years, and now we have a representative body of materials that sort of capture how this research came about, how it began and how it kind of ended in the 1970s and how it came to life again in the 1990s. lsd was invented by albert hoffman in 1938, and then he discovered its psychedelic

properties in 942. that's when -- 1942. that's when he took his famous bicycle ride. the bicycle ride where he was going and everything just started to change a little bit. he realized that this was actually a very, very powerful drug. and in the 1950s, there was little bits of research with this drug going on and other psychedelic drugs. >> this is a glass of water; colorless, tasteless. it contains 100 gamma of lsd 25, one-tenth of a milligram, equivalent of one six-hundredth of a grain. an ounce will make 150,000 such doses. let us observe the effect some three hours later. [laughter] >> well, tell me --

>> well, i couldn't possibly tell you. it's here. can't you feel it? this whole room, everything is in color, and i can feel the air, i can see it, i can see all the molecules. >> so in the 1950s and '60s there were some studies going on, and in the 1960s in czechoslovakia, sando pharmaceuticals who produced the drug start this study at a medical school there of which researcher stan gropf was involved. he administered this substance to a lot, a lot of people and discovered a lot of things about it and what to do in these studies and what not to do. and he eventually came to the u.s. and worked at johns hopkins in the 1960s. and there was a lot of great

research happening there. it was in baltimore, maryland, at the spring grove state hospital which later became the maryland psychiatric research center. that's right where johns hopkins is now. and they did studies on alcoholics and schizophrenics and people with nervous disorders, and they did a lot of really good research -- >> you've had these recent disclosures of the army and the cia using the drug on unsuspecting, quote, volunteers which results in one suicide and other subjects becoming violent, experiencing recurring nightmares and so forth. first of all, how can you be sure that your patients will not experience the same thing? >> an extremely important difference is that in our particular setting before a patient is given the drug, he is thoroughly briefed on the a number of things that may happen to him during the drug

experience. furthermore, he's not exposed to the drug experience until he's established a comfortable and secure relationship with the psychotherapist. >> so here we have some of the greatest hits from the psychoactive substances research collection. several people have donated their papers over the past several years, some things we've acquired from rare book dealers. and right here we have just a senatorring of some of that early -- smattering of that early research that was going on. when the consensus was out on whether it was good enough, there was an article called "the hallucinogenic drugs," and it has a description sort of for the lay audience and the chemistry of them and how that chemistry effects brain chemistry. and here's some articles, this one is by the group at spring grove, and they talk about how

this drug is an effective means for good therapeutic practice. and it's neat because these are, these are things produced in big journal names. so this is reprinted from the journal of the journal of the american medical association. and here's another one from the harvard theological review. so this research started out, um, very well regarded and very serious. this is some memos and reports from the harvard project. you know, timothy leary worked at harvard, so this is when he was being good and doing good research. and he did a study called the concord prison project. and he administered lsd to 175 inmates, and it was great. i think it turned out really well for them. the research doesn't go that far because -- i've seen this

written so far -- because the inmates got religion. [laughter] that made the authorities uncomfortable. so, but one thing that's really interesting is there's some meeting minutes in here. and we've had to go in and redact the name of the people involved in this study, the people who took the drug. but questions come up, and it says there's problems of trust and distrust. like the people who were taking this drug. and it has one column of the problem and one column of the solution. there's no solution for the trust and distrust. ..

>> so it is this kind of a very candid depiction of what comes out in these sessions are and how people react. it's not like they were administering drugs in prison cells. it was a formal study to go to the hospital in small groups in this at all have been in a hospital room. and it is interesting to see the research in the academic report. and he wanted to find a treatment so that they wouldn't come back to prison and so that would stop. and there is an article about

predicting how this works and so to 2.5 year follow-up study and i believe that it concludes the those psychedelic experiences did help them become better people and beneficial to them from a broader perspective than narrowed into the problems. and so over here we have the gary fisher papers, but he was active in california. and so he did treat her with children suffering from autism and he had a pretty good result. and i guess the picture, these pictures of the children that he worked with in his papers, one

of them is nancy and mrs. nancy and he just had a lot of success with children who are very limited in their communication and that includes nancy having a bunch of black guys in these pictures. and they believed in us and they work with these kids and they were able to have some good results. not good results with everybody, but still some marked improvements. so these are special ones from working with the patience and a has the time and then what happens to the person taking the drug minute by minute. and this is that five in 10

minute intervals. and then they talk about how have they changed from a how have they gotten better and this is a very privileged patient, it is a drug just like there was any other drug and it didn't have the stigma that was leader happening with certain situations and timothy leary had a big personality and he got really added about the psychoactive drugs to the point where he kind of crossed the boundary of responsible academic research. and i don't know if you can attribute the culture to him.

but his work with the drug and students created the counterculture and some believe that he used in an irresponsible manner and they said no more research, it's causing too much madness and so by the mid-1970s the research was just closed. the drugs were scheduled and no researchers could be permitted. so all was quiet. he had researchers in the 70s and 80s and then the research was slowed and that there were a lot of different different studies going on. there were a few going on at johns hopkins, and now we have a

different approach using one substance or another to focus on different things. people suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder, and smoking cessation, people with anxiety, people with cluster headaches. these ailments that there just hasn't been, there hasn't been a remedy for them and for them becoming very active. >> you're watching booktv on c-span2 and this weekend we are visiting west lafayette, indiana, talking with authors and touring sides. next we speak with glenn sparks about her book, "refrigerator rights: creating connections and restoring relationship." a look at how technological advances created a false sense

of closeness. >> i became interested along the way in media several years ago back in the 1990s and i got interested in a project that some of my colleagues were working upon and studying. they were really interested in figuring out college funds, what predicted whether or not they would remain close over the lifespan. >> i am from olympia, washington. >> what you plan on doing after college? >> i personally plan on moving away from indiana and hopefully going to chicago sunsets my favorite city. i'm planning on moving to the east coast somewhere. i'm not sure, but possibly north carolina because i like the east coast lifestyle little bit more. >> a lot of times people get into situation, maybe after college, and i think that college is an important year. they get into situations where they start to feel anxious and

depressed, offkilter, they don't really know what is going on or what is wrong. >> will be harder for you when you leave college? >> i think so. i think it's sad. but hopefully if you're good enough friends you'll be able to make the effort to stay in touch. we both went to small schools and transition to bigger schools, i think we know what it's like to have close friends and then separated. so we have both had practice on how to keep touch with people you are used to seeing so often. but i think that we will be fine. >> so i got involved in the study on long-term friendship. and i think that that really set the stage for this collaborative project on the book with will miller. we didn't know each other at that time and after i had worked on that project, we met here in

indiana and will have done doctor work in urban education and was thinking about community rights in america. we started talking to each other and i had some interest in media, he had some interesting cultural trends in america, i had studied french and he was interested in the stability of communities and we just started a conversation. and it was who are interested in writing this book, which really was revolving around the whole the service of relational health and american culture. the basic idea, the term was coined and is kind of popped out of his mouth one day as he was talking about this. his desire to capture a way to describe the kind of close family casual relationships that we believe america has had a

difficult time sustaining and cultivating over the last 50 to 75 years. so these relationships are those relationships that are characterized by the luxury of coming into a friends house and being able to open a refrigerator without asking and help yourself to the food in her while you're having casual conversation. you have to have a kind of close relationship with that person in order to have that. and that is really the kind of relationship that we were interested in and focus upon in this book. we became convinced, first of all, that these kinds of close relationships were becoming more challenging for americans to sustain and cultivate. i became involved in the project in terms of trying to research that and see if there's any research evidence to support that.

and the more that i research the thesis, the more involved and passionate i became. we ran across all kinds of interesting things. so if you go back to the sociology journals around 1940, we found an article where sociologist documented that and about over half of the people who got married in 1940 and a couple of major metropolitan areas grew up within 10 blocks of each other. 75% of the people who got married grew up within 20 blocks of each other. and until american life has truly changed since that time. people used to be indebted in a geographical community and the physical space where they were in contact with each other on a regular basis. today if you surveyed people who are getting married, there are members of multiple communities and virtual communities and there are members of a hometown

college community, communities all over the place geographically. so american life has really changed and that is something that we were really interested in. and we just kind of document that is through discovering this kind of research that the social factors have kind of sabotage our ability to support these kinds of close refrigerator rights types of relationships and what we discovered was mobility in american culture really sabotages these relationships. at the time we were writing, this because it's what about 43 to 45 americans that were moving every year. that kind of relocation really takes a toll on our relational health. it's sabotages are relational networks. so we are having to take these relational heads every time we move around.

we believe that americans don't consider taking off and moving around like that. and we think we've probably taken us too lightly. we have to do the mobility with statistics, we look at how things have changed and we also looked at studies that came out in north carolina, which indicated over the last 25 years, 13% of the people surveyed said that they did not have anybody that they could confide in for special and intimate kind of way for her life. twenty-five years later, that is when they were convinced that we got into the research and they were looking at that kind of

thing that more and more americans were suffering from a lack of these close interpersonal kind of relationships and that actually sustained health. that was another ingredient that i got into what are the consequences of that in terms of our physical health and emotional health and overall well-being. when i got into that i became a believer and i ran across studies -- i ran across studies by david spiegel at stanford who did some research with breast cancer patients and he did a simple experiment were some of the women talked weekly in a group about their situation and their life and they shared stories and other women did not have that opportunity. stephen first wrote about this saying that the women who were talking and meeting in this group, they felt better about life. their motions were higher, they were more optimistic. the real kicker came 10 years

down the line when he went back and look to those people and he discovered that the people he had met in those groups were twice as likely and then i go over and i read another study by lisa who published one of the harvard medical journals back in the late 1990s and she has been working with people who had heart attacks. she discovered that of the heart attack patients those who could not identify that they had a least one person who they could confide in and share in all of their life stories with and their problems with, those people were twice as likely to be dead years later after their heart event. so twice as likely. so will and i have talked. the cbs news announced that there was a medical drug that could make her survival rates twice as great.

if that was the case it would be headlines. we have epidemic levels of anxiety and depression and we believe that one of the major contributors to that is our challenge that we have found ourselves in and keeping these close and intimate relationships. people who are well-connected get sick less often. when they do get sick they heal faster. we are not just talking about common colds but severe injuries and heart attacks, cancer. that evidence just boggled my mind and i was not frankly aware of that before i started this research. the media part of this became very important because over this time, over the last 25 years, there has been a revolution in the way that we use media. and in general a very important aspect is how the media has contributed to increasing

isolation. at one level we are connected with other people in a way that we never have been before. but when you talk about those close face-to-face relationships where we were in physical contact with each other and we were in each other's presence and you can cultivate that strong emotional bond, media might have a different dynamic and a in a force that isolates. we are spending more and more time looking at screens and we are looking at other people's faces. so we write about that in the book as well. mobility and media are kind of the one-two punch that we are articulating in the book. and it's the things that have really challenged us relationship wise. and i think that we need to be conscious of the factors that make these relationships more

challenging. when people move around they often think about the relational consequences of their moves and the message of "refrigerator rights: creating connections and restoring relationship" is when you are moving, think about your relational health where ever you all aren't what you have to do to surround yourself with extended network of relationships that feel like family. so it doesn't actually have to be family. but you can build your own family with your network of relationships where ever you are. when you look at what has happened it's hard that these major factors that have contributed are going to dissipate in any way. so i think these challenges are going to be a continuing part of american life. and we believe that people are wired for connection and i think that over time we will find ways to integrate technology in a way

that serves us well and obviously smart phones are vital. but we will find ways to integrate that technology and we can't do that unless we are sensitized towards what roles technology plays. >> i think it will be a lot easier now that we have so many ways to communicate. through facebook and texting and twitter. and hopefully we will be able to have this. >> next up, we hear about what was passed down since the early 19 hundreds to incoming deans at

purdue university. >> i have seen a photograph of five women standing shoulder to shoulder and it was a women's function or something to celebrate something to do with women. i didn't know the women in the picture but there's a story that looks like solidarity on this grassy meadow until after we saw this photograph, i was at a purdue women's function and i heard a woman talking to another woman about the women in the picture. and she said that she had been the head gopher for group and i thought it was funny. and she said she was talking

about the deans. the more stories that should hold that we can, a lot but it would make a great book. and so about a week later i went to betty nelson and she's the only one living currently. it was the day that mitch daniels was named president and it was at a reception. and i didn't know her either. but she had heard from sally that i wanted to write a book and she said there is a bible and it's a secret. and we passed it down from dean's been for decades. and i got cold chills and i knew immediately that i really wanted to write about this. and so that's what i also knew the title. "the dean's bible: five purdue women and their quest for equality." i thought something mysterious, intriguing, having this double meaning, it's the real holy

bible, christian bible, but then it means like a guidebook. and that is what this book became, especially in regards women's leadership. so she was the first part-time dealer women appointed in 1913. she passed away suddenly in 1933 and edward elliott hired her from california, she was working as a principal and guidance counselor, hired her as the first full-time data women at the university. and so when she moved in, she found the bible and kept it, she hung onto it. and then the next dean of women was telling the individual that had been the director of the women's hall, they were there.

she became the next dean of women and/or the decided she would sign her initials and the date and that is how it began. and so it went. in 1968 there was the next dean of women and she passed it to bed and then in 1980 barbara cook who had also worked in the office as an assistant, she became the next dean of students and they sign her name. in 1987 betty nelson became the next dean of students and then barbara passed it down and it continued until anita brown in 2012 donated and gave the bible to the university archives to be

preserved. so that is where it is today. the bible was a talisman or nikon and a symbol of the shared profession. and i think it was a sisterhood because they really bolstered each other and they were one of the few women in a male-dominated administration in a dean of women. and they advocated for women students and faculty to have people pay in the deans of schools and trying to get more women as administrators, even though there were very few at the time. but it back to as a symbol of all that. she started one president elliot was really an advocate for women and that is when he hired a full-time data women and amelia

earhart was an adviser in the 1930s here at purdue university. and then helen, who would later become the dean of women, the three women became very close friends when she came to teach a purdue and she was very influential with regard to the beliefs that women could do anything. and they said women could be doctors and not nurses, they could do anything they wanted to do. and dorothy and helen carey the conviction that women could do anything. into the 20th century and they advocated a set of rethinking what they have said. and they took it through until

his very interesting. and then a few of them are active in world war ii and then she hired helen who is the second dean of women who is the executive officer. so they really learned what women can do and they saw women the same age as college women doing all sorts of things and all sorts of jobs. so when helen became the next dean in 1947, it was like a cultural shock, women being able to do wonderful things. when she came here there were things like women's hours and it was the first thing she said,

stop walking the women of because they had to be in their dorms at a certain time each night and the doors were locked. welcome of the students didn't have a curfew but if you walk these individuals up, they will be fine. so she almost got fired for suggesting that the women students have keys to their dorm. it took her 20 years because in 1968 purdue is was the first big 10 university to eliminate women's hours. so that was one of her big moments that she contributed. and she continually advocated for women to do this. so the summer before some women would start school, she would send a welcome letter and invite them to come for a freshman conference, which was a one on one with either her or an assistant dean of women in the

office so that they could touch base and she would always ask what is your life plan. welcome in the 1950s and early 1960s, women didn't really think about that. today we think about life plans all the time. the woman was like well, i'm going to get married and have kids. well, she says -- and they were marrying at such young age as i time. by the time that the women had children that were grown and out of the house, they had a whole life where they could think of what they wanted to do next. and so helen had a lifespan and made them really think about it and she planted the seed that you should take about what if something happens like divorce or whatever. and so in 1963 she wrote the feminine mystique and it was a book that talked about how women

fell after the kids were gone and even when the kids were little, they were doing everything they were supposed to do with the perfect house and children. and they felt empty. it is like preaching to the wire for her. so that was like everything she was trying to say to women. so the summer of 1954 after the book came out, she mailed every fresh one moment a copy of the feminine mystique. and then also at the association conference, which every dean of women was connected at this conference, making a web of support, they invited her to speak. that was because helen suggested it. and so that was a huge contribution to women's lives

and dorothy stratton chose this. and they said essentially she was a woman who tries many things in her life and that was so like her. so she said there's much to do in this life, do it all. and she did. so flashing forward to 2010 and 2012 and a coast guard cutter is sponsored by firstly michele obama who honored the founding director and she christened the cutter in 2010 and commission did in 2012 and it is the first time they sponsored a ship in the first time that a coast woard cutter was named after a